PERMEABLE INTERLOCKING CONCRETE PAVEMENT (PICP)

RESIDENTIAL AND COMMERCIAL DEVELOPERS FACT SHEET

Storm water Benefits

• Reduces or eliminates stormwater detentionand retention ponds, storm sewers,drainage appurtenances and related costs

• Increased income potential from increasedlot utilization due to reduced or eliminatedstormwater basins

• Pavement surface increases curb appeal.

• Provides 100% permeable surface byrunoff passing through small, open-gradedaggregate-filled openings between solidhigh-strength, durable concrete pavers

• Helps meet local, state and provincialstormwater drainage design criteria andprovides compliance with U.S. NationalPollutant Discharge Elimination System(NPDES) regulations

• Meets U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency stormwater performance criteriaas a structural best management practice(BMP) while providing parking, road andpedestrian surfaces

• LEED®point eligible for Sustainable Sites,Water Efficiency, Materials & Resources and/or Innovative Design; Contributes to GreenGlobe points

• May be used on sloped sites with properdesign

Environmental Quality Improvement

PICPfits "Green" or sutainable development ap-proaches.

PICP may be combined with other LID tools suchas rain gardens and vegetated swales.

Permeable pavements remove the majority ofpollutants (zinc, copper, phosphorus andsuspended sediments) by reducing runoff, slow-ing the flow of water and filtering.

ICPI~INffiRLOCKING CONCREfE

PAVEMENT INSTITIITE ®

Permeable interlocking concrete pavement atthis fast food restaurant in Baltimore, MD treatsstormwater before entering the Chesapeake Bay.

3 1/8 in. (80 mm) thickpavers with permeablejoints

Open-graded beddingcourse

Open-graded base courseCOG B)

Open-graded subbaseon non-compacted soilsubgrade

Permeable interlocking concrete pavement (PICP)with base and subbase for infiltration and storage

PICP driveway in NC creates an attractive andenvironmentally responsive entrance.

APPLICATION OPPORTUNITIES• Urban: Office plazas, sidewalk replacement,

street tree planting areas, parking lots, parks andoutdoor seating areas

• Suburban: Parking lots, parks, driveways, park-ing bays on roadways, subdivision roads andsidewalks

• Redevelopment Sites: Parking areas, plazasand public spaces and sidewalks

Attractive 6nvirofrlmentally CompliantMarketable

ApPLICATION EXAMPLESSUBURBAN

With no detention pond, layout conservestrees while 15,000 sf (1500 m+} PICP inthe cul-de-sac returns rainfall to the watertable in Glen Brook Green subdivision inWaterford, CT.

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39,000 sf (3900 m+) PICP street in AutumnTrails, Moline, IL eliminated the need forstorm sewer inlets and pipes.Project profile: Autumn Trails,Moline, IL by Alternative EnergyBuildersWater efficiency was achieved outside through rainbarrels and runoff was prevented using PICP; morebuildable land was available due to no stormwaterdetention structures. The cost comparison belowindicates that PICP with no storm sewers can becost-competitive with conventional pavements.

Dollar Cost Comparison of PavementSystems for Autumn Trails, Moline, IL

Permeable Interlocking ConcretePavement: Storm water BMP that MeetsLow Impact Development Goals

• Increases building opportunities

• Reduces demand on sewer system

• Conserves on-site space: roads, parking, stormwaterinfiltration and retention all combined into the samespace creating more green space

• Preserves wooded areas that would otherwise becleared for stormwater detention or retention ponds

• Increases site infiltration that helps maintain pre-development runoff volumes, peak flows andwatershed timing

• Promotes tree survival and growth

• Contributes to urban heat island reduction throughevaporation and reflective, light colored concretepavers

• Highly visible, cost-effective exemplarydemonstration of a cornerstone LID technique forpublic and private development.

Rain Barrel

PICPRoadand ParkinStrip

Rain GardenTree Box

\ PICP Sidewalk

'Typical PICP cross section

PICP locations in a sustainable approach to sitedevelopment

Item (2006 prices) PICP Concrete Asphalt

Paving/sf (1m2 ) 2.25 (24.21) 8.00 (86.08) 3.00 (32.28)Excavating/sf (1m2) 1.00 (10.76) 1.00 (10.76) 1.00 (10.76)Stone/sf (1m2) 2.00 (21.52) 1.50 (16.14) 1.50 (16.14)Installation/sf (1m2) 4.00 (43.04) (in paving cost) 1.50 (16.14)Curbs/sf (1m2) 1.50 (16.14) 1.50 (16.14) 1.50 (16.14)Maintenance/sf (1m2) 0.20 (2.15) 0 Not knownReplacement/sf (1m2) None None Every 12 yearsDetention/Retention required None Yes YesStorm Sewer System/sf paving (1m2) None 3.00 (32.28) 3.00 (32.28)Total/sf (Total/m2) 10.95 (117.82 ) 15.00 (161.40) 11.50 (123.74)

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COMMERCIALPICP typical cost: $7-$12/sF ($75- $130/m2)costs for grading, clearing and pipes are reduced

Light colored paversmarked parking.

Storm water treated indrive and parking spaceareas in Vancouver,BCshopping center.

Construction Checklist• No compaction of soil subgrade - excavate and

trim native soil• Geotextile, drainage pipes and overflow vary with

design• Ensure no sediment and mud on aggregates from

equipment• Install and compact aggregate subbase and base

with typical paving equipment• Specialty equipment used for screeding bedding

layer and for mechanical paver installation• Mechanical installation equipment accelerates

construction; typical 5,000 sf (500 m2)jmachinejday

• Concrete pavers, non-frozen bedding, and basejsubbase installable in freezing temperatures overnon-frozen soil subgrade

• Paver joints filled with open-graded aggregate andcompacted

• No curing time - ready to use upon installation;modular construction allows for project phasing

• Specify ICPI certified installers with PICPconstruction experience, inspection and detailingskills.

Concrete Pavers

Permeable Joint MaterialOpen-gradedBedding Course

Open-gradedBase Reservoir

Underdrain(as required)

Optional GeotextileUnder Subbase

Uncompacted Subgrade Soil

Typical PICP cross section

Base constructionuses locally availablematerials.

Mechanical installationspeeds construction.

Aggregate base and subbase are spread andcompacted; pavers are delivered ready to install.After placement, joints and/or openings arefilled with small aggregate and pavers compact-ed at this Walmart in Rehobeth Beach, DE.

Installation can occur in freezing tempera-tures over unfrozen subgrade, shown herein Moline, IL

PICP compliies with ADA, as shown in thisuniversity parking lot in Vancouver, BC. 3

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I PERFORMANCEI

Volume Reduction

Meets or exceeds runoff local volume reductionstandards via base reservoir storage

Well maintained PICP can reduce runoff volumes fromintense rain events typically between 70% and 90%;flooding less likely.

Reduced stormwater runoff volumes generate costsavings in infrastructure sizing and construction.

Peak Flow Reduction

Reductions in peak flow may reduce stormwater utilityfees.

Permeable pavement can reduce peak flow by asmuch as 100%, producing runoff rates nearer to pre-development conditions.

Additional Benefits

• ADA compliant

• Concrete pavers are available in various shapesand colors from local ICPI members; coloredpavers mark lanes and parking spaces.

• Simplifies surface and subsurface repairs byreinstating the same paving units; no unsightlypatches or weakened pavement from utility cuts.

Regulations

PICP systems are designed to meet local, state andnational stormwater regulations. Air quality and urbanheat island regulations may also be addressed throughthe use of PICP as PIep installations are cooler thanasphalt.

FAQs

Can PICP save money on project costs? Yes.When total project costs are factored, PICPmay becheaper than other paving solutions due to multiplebenefits from PICP. One example is gaining storm-water management infrastructure with the moneyspent on paving.

Can PICP be used on clay soils? Yes. Even inclay soils, PICPreduces runoff and helps to capturerainfall events "first flush" and reduce pollution.

Can PICP be used to replace every kind ofpavement? PICP is best suited for use in areasof low speed traffic such as parking lots, residentialstreets, driveways, patios, plazas, sidewalks andparking lanes. Nevertheless, PICPhas been suc-cessfully used even under heavy commercial loads.

Will PICP enhance property values? The datafrom installed PICPprojects indicates that PICPmeets multiple criteria for project success includingenhancing property values.

REFERENCESFerguson, B. K. Porous Pavements. Boca Raton, FL:CRC Press, 2005.

Smith, David R. Permeable Interlocking ConcretePavements: Selection. Design. Construction •Maintenance, Washington,DC:ICPI 3rd ed., 2006.www.icpi.org.

For more information pertaining to permeableinterlocking concrete pavement, please visit theInterlocking Concrete Pavement Institute(icpi.org) or the Low Impact Development Center(Iowimpactdevelopment.org) .

Other Fact Sheets Available for MunicipalOfficials, Design Professionals and Schools/Universities

Disdaimer: The content of this brochure i$ intended tor use emly as a guideline. It is not intendedfewuse or rettsnee upon as an industry standard, certification or speciticstien. ICPI & HDC makeno pmm(ses, reoreseotetions or werrenties of any kind, express or irnplted, GIS to the mntent of thisbrecaure. Pf'ofessionGiIessistence should be sought with respect to the design, specifications anaeeesirucnon of each permeable interlocking concrete oevement project.

13291 Park Center RoadSllilitte :270Herndon, VA 20'];71"f[el: ],03-657-6900Fax:703-657-690aEmail: iepi@icpi.orgWeb: www.icpi.orq

ICPI:IN'I1ERLClEKJiNG CONCRETE

PAVEMENT INSTITUTE ®

Sol IBrant StreetP.O. 130x 85040BUlflingtorl, Ontalfio, CanadaL7R 4K2