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PERMA SKIRT – AGAINST SEA LICE!
Advantages with permanent skirts
50-80% less sea lice infestation
Fewer delousings
Less use of chemicals
Less handling of fish
Reduced need for cleaner fish
Botngaard’s perma skirts are
tailormade to the individual locality.
Factors as our customers' needs, cage
size, durability and design are
important. This way we can deliver a
product that makes the job for the fish
farmers as easy as possible.
We have executed several
development projects in collaboration
with R&D environment and industry.
Today we possess unique expertise in
the development, production and use
of perma skirt.
PERMA SKIRT
TAILORMADE
RESEARCH
Botngaard is Norways leading
producer of tarpaulin solutions to the
fish farming industry.
BOTNGAARD
botngaard as Valsnesveien 259 7165 Oksvoll Tlf +47 73 01 56 88
PERMA SKIRTS - PREVENTIVE MEASURES
Sea lice are, along with escapes, is considered the biggest challenge for the aquaculture industry
today. We are seeing major sea lice infestation on fish residing in the upper water layers. Shielding
of the upper portion of a cage may therefore reduce sea lice infestation significantly.
Slings in corners give
lifting points with high
durability for rough
treatment
Solid, 90mm web around
the skirt gives great
steadiness and durability.
The top of the skirt
consists of polyester
fabric, 495 g/m2.
150x60mm float eases
the installation.
Single float or no float on
request.
Attach loops in 50mm
web every 60 cm allows
great flexibility when the
skirt is attached to the
float ring.
Straps with rope ca. every
7.5 m acts as a lift
curtain. You can adjust
the depth of the skirt
according to the current,
treatment and oxygen
level.
Lead cable on the bottom
makes the skirt stay more
stable in the sea. Lead
cable woven into fabric,
gives less wear than a
chain. Weight of lead is 2,
4 or 6 kg lead/m.
Botngaard delivers skirt
with depths from 4.5
down to 10 meters.
Frequently used depths in
relation to experienced
sea lice infestation is 7,4
and 9,6 meters.
OPTIONS & SOLUTIONS
LENGTH OF SKIRTS
Skirts are manufactured in the length the
customer wants. The skirt can be produced in
one length that goes around the entire cage
or you can have two or more skirts around
the cage. For steel construction, one can
choose to encapsulate each cage or the
whole plant, the length of the skirts are
determined after consultations with the
client.
DEPTH OF SKIRTS
Botngaard will produce skirts in desired
depths. In terms of cost/benefit, the
standard depths we recommend are 6.7 and
9 meters, but we can also deliver in 4.5 - 5.4
and 10 meters. The location's depth, current
and cage type are factors that come into play
when the depth of the skirt is determined.
FLOAT & BUOYANCY
Our skirts have two float tubes of Ø75 mm.
This provides a buoyancy of 8 kg per meter.
The skirts can be supplied with only one float
tube or no float at all if desired. A skirt with
double float and 4 kg of lead/m is nearly self-
floating depending on the current. Buoyancy
in the top of the skirt eases the installation of
the skirt.
LEAD & WEIGHING DOWN
To get the skirt to hang straight down and not
in an arch it is required to weigh down the
skirt. Botngaard uses 4 kg lead/m as
standard. We also have 2 and 6 kg in stock,
other varieties can be specially ordered. The
lead cable is spun as a rope with
polypropylene and polyethylene. The
advantage of using lead cable instead of
chain is that spun led cable provides fewer
wear points while being more compact and
agile than a chain.
REINFORCEMENT
The entire frame of the skirt is reinforced
with 90 mm web with a tear strength of 13.5
tons.
The skirt can be further strengthened with
continuous vertical 50 mm web with a tear
strength of 5.2 tons approximately every
7.5 meters along the skirt.
SPLASH LIP
Botngaards perma skirts can be provided
with splash lip to minimize overflow of water
from waves. Our recommendation for a
conventional splash lip in PVC attached to
the skirt is a height of 31 cm.
Botngaard recommends that splash lip is
used when the skirt is to be mounted inside
the float ring.
LABEL & IDENTIFICATION
Botngaard have standard labelling on our
skirts. This label is present on both ends of
the skirt in the upper corners. The labels are
clearly visible when the skirt is properly
installed on the cage.
Labels contain information about the
manufacturer, project number for tracking,
dimension, delivery date, customer ID and
with the possibility of internal labelling.
botngaard as Valsnesveien 259 7165 Oksvoll Tlf +47 73 01 56 88
USE OF PERMA SKIRTS
INSTALLATION & USE
Botngaard recommends that skirts should be
installed on the inside of the float ring, but
they can also be mounted on the outside.
Botngaard can provide documentation of
installation of permas, which may be helpful
for preparing fish farmers on the use of
permas.
MAINTENANCE
The skirts can be cleaned while they are in
the sea by purging. When the skirts are taken
out of the sea, they may be laid out and
dried, or they can be sent to a net cleaning
plant. In both the last two methods the time
consumption for cleaning will be the time
used to take up and put out the skirts.
LIFE EXPECTANCY
Skirt life expectancy depends on several
factors: current, how weather exposed the
location is and whether daily inspection is
followed up. Similarly, it is of course
expected proper use and maintenance.
We have customers who have used our skirts
up to 3 years in a row, more or less without
service and repairs, but it must also be
admitted that we have customers who use
them for one season and must repair them.
SKIRTS & CLEANER FISH
It is rare that measures against sea lice works
alone, often it is a combination of factors.
Many of Botngaards customers have had
good experiences with the combination
perma skirts, cleaner fish and good
maintenance.
OXYGEN & PERMA SKIRTS
The Perma Skirt Project showed that perma
skirts reduces water exchange in the cage.
The oxygen level is lower within the shielded
environment. The fish will often go deeper if
it has available space beneath the skirt. That
fish goes deeper can be positive and helps to
prevent infestation by lice.
It can be a challenging during periods of low
oxygen levels. Skirts can be raised with the
lift curtain system to increase water
exchange in the cage.
Botngaard is working with Storvik Aqua to
facilitate oxygenation solutions suited for
each location.
WATER CURRENTS
Through model experiments in the flume
tank in Hirtshals, analyses conducted by
Aquastructures and user experiences
Botngaard have experience with the
opportunities and challenges exposed sites
with strong currents can provide for perma
skirts.
One of our biggest customers reported that,
"The skirts are standing very fine in the sea,
also at localities with a very strong current."
DELIVERY ESTIMATES
Skirts should be installed before the fish are
put out. All skirts are sewn to order and in
periods before stocking, we often have high
demand. It is advisable to start early with
mooring analysis and subsequent order.
DOCUMENTATION
CUSTOMER SERVICE
As a customer of Botngaard you get access to
Botngaard online customer services. Here
you can log in and find all information on
projects provided by Botngaard. Customer
service contains all information that is
relevant for your order such as drawings,
user manuals, data sheets and reports.
TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS
Perma skirt has been approved as
permanently attached supplementary
equipment by the Norwegian engineering
and certification company Aquastructures. It
is verified that perma skirts satisfies the
requirements set in NYTEK Regulation and NS
9415: 2009.
Drawings, calculations and designs are
examined. The equipment is evaluated and
documented for use within the specified
limits of Aquastructures AS in:
• Technical report:
Analysis of perma skirt for Botngaard.
Doc no. TR-30678-1751-1
• Technical report:
Methodology for modelling perma skirt for
Botngaard. Doc no. TR-30678-1751-2
These reports are available on request.
OPERATION MANUAL
Our perma skirt comes with complete and
comprehensive Operation Manual. In
addition, the skirts are delivered with a easily
understandable assembly and maintenance
guide.
Operation Manual perma skirt version 2 is
examined in relation to requirements in
9415: 2009 by Aquastructures AS in their
report:
• Review of Operation Manual
IR 30678-1751-1_V2_0
PERMEABILITY
Water penetration through the fabric is
examined in a separate test at the US Naval
Academy in Annapolis, Maryland.
The test showed that the fabric lets through
285 litres per m² per minute at a flow rate of
approximately 17cm/seconds at a right angle
to the fabric. If the flow rate is higher, more
water will pass through and opposite at
lower flow speeds it will pass through less
water.
botngaard as Valsnesveien 259 7165 Oksvoll Tlf +47 73 01 56 88
WHY BOTNGAARD?
EXPERIENCE
Only in 2015 Botngaard produced 40 150
meters perma skirt. This underlines the great
experience Botngaard have in this area.
Botngaard is also the only company in
Norway fully specialized in tarpaulin
products for aquaculture. With Botngaards
experience and expertise our perma skirt is
the obvious choice.
REFERENCES
Botngaard have references that can be
supplied on request from all over Norway
and other countries. Including the references
one finds fish breeders, brood stock facilities
and independent firms that have maintained
skirt from different manufacturers.
SUPPLIES
All the parts we use to tailor perma skirts are
manufactured by reputable companies in
Western Europe. All parts that go into the
perma skirt are thoroughly tested to
withstand the tough challenges they are
exposed to.
It gives Botngaard assurance to have a close
relationship with our suppliers; we therefore
have long-term agreements to ensure quality
and access to supplies. That way we can
assure the quality of products in a
responsible manner.
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
Botngaard holds a leading role in the
industry when it comes to research and
development of tarpaulin products for
aquaculture. In the period 2010-2015
Botngaard has been involved in research
projects with a value of over 40 million NOK.
No other company can demonstrate this
much activity. This means that Botngaard
possesses a unique expertise in the
development, production and use of perma
skirts.
Botngaard owns the project Perma skirt -
Permanent skirt for reducing sea lice
infestation on salmon.
The project went from 2012 until March
2015. The main objective of the project was
to document the effect of Perma skirt to
reduce sea lice infestation. All reports related
to the project can be read at SINTEFs pages:
http://www.sintef.no/prosjekter/permaskjo
rt-permanent-skjort-for-redusering-av-lus
SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
Botngaard is committed to creating jobs
along the coast. All production takes place in
our factory at Fosen in the middle of Norway.
Botngaards network includes membership of
NCE Aquatec Cluster and partnership in
CTRLaqua.
SALES & CUSTOMER RELATIONS
ADMINISTRATION & PRODUCTION
Tore Harsvik
Managing Director
+47 482 11 281
Jan Børge Harsvik
Key Account Manager
+47 915 15 014
International Sales – Southern Norway
Eva Mari Bratland
Head of office
+47 484 85 722
Hans-Jørgen Eilertsen
Key Account Manager
+47 976 46 298
Northern Norway
Botngaard AS
Valsnesveien 259
N-7165 Oksvoll
Norway
Tlf. +47 73 01 56 88
www.botngaard.no