perkembangan teknologi nano (nanotechnology) dan...
TRANSCRIPT
07/05/2014
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Purwiyatno Hariyadihttp://phariyadi.staff.ipb.ac.id/
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. [email protected]
• Profesor Rekayasa Proses Pangan, Departemen Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, IPB
• Direktur, Southeast Asian Food & Agricultural Science & Technology (SEAFAST) Center, LPPM, IPB
• Pemimpin Redaksi FOODREVIEW INDONESIA
Perkembangan Teknologi Nano(Nanotechnology) dan Aplikasinya di Industri Pangan
Purwiyatno Hariyadiphariyadi.staff.ipb.ac.id
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. [email protected]
Perkembangan Teknologi Nano(Nanotechnology) danAplikasinya di Industri Pangan
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
Disajikan pada :FOODREVIEW Seminar “Update on Nanotechnology in Food Industries”Jakarta Convention Center9 Mei 2014
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Purwiyatno Hariyadihttp://phariyadi.staff.ipb.ac.id/
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. [email protected]
MENU:
• Sejarah singkat
• Teknologi Nano• Definisi?
• Deskripsi?
• Novelty?
• Aplikasi di Industri Pangan
Perkembangan Teknologi Nano(Nanotechnology) dan Aplikasinya di Industri Pangan
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. [email protected]
• SEJARAH ...
Figure 1.7: Stained glass windows.
Figure 1.8: Picture of gold nano particles.10
The concepts of nanotechnology are not new to nature or to mankind. An early example of a manmade nanoprocess is stained glass (Quiñonez, A., 2008) .*)
*) Introduction to Nanotechnology.Austin Community College )
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Purwiyatno Hariyadihttp://phariyadi.staff.ipb.ac.id/
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. [email protected]
Pemenang Nobel FisikaRichard Feynman, pada 29 Desember 1959, memberikan Presentasi di Pertemuan Tahunan Americal Physical Society, di Caltech.
• Judul presentasi “There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom”
• Pertama kali mengemukakan bahwa karakteristik bahan (material) pada skala nanometer akan memberikan berbagai peluang baru ke masa depan.
• SEJARAH ...
“Why cannot we write the entire 24 volumes of the Encyclopedia Britannica on the head of a pin?” (Zyvex, 2007).
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. [email protected]
• SEJARAH ...
Professor Taniguchi (1974) of Tokyo Science University used the word “nanotechnology” to describe the science and technology of processing or building parts with nanometric tolerances.
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Purwiyatno Hariyadihttp://phariyadi.staff.ipb.ac.id/
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. [email protected]
Ahli Fisika dan penulis :
• Engines of Creation: The Coming Era of Nanotechnology (1986)
untuk umum, dan
• Nanosystems: Molecular Machinery, Manufacturing, and Computation (a quantitative, physics-based analysis)
untuk spesialist.
• Menggunakan dan mempopulerkan istilah Nanotechnology/Nanosystem:
• SEJARAH ...
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. [email protected]
• Teknologi Nano (Nanotechnology) :
• Mencakup disain, karakterisasi, produksi dan aplikasi suatu stuktur (bahan), alat atau sistem pada skala nano.
• Mencakup kegiatan yang sangat luas lebih tepat disebut sebagai teknologi-teknologi nano ('nanotechnologies‘).
• TEKNOLOGI NANO. Apa itu?
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Purwiyatno Hariyadihttp://phariyadi.staff.ipb.ac.id/
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. [email protected]
• NANO ?
Berasal dari Yunani; yang artinya “kerdil” kecil- 1 nm = 10-9 m
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. [email protected]
• NANO: Seberapa kecil ?
10-1 101 107 108
Nanometer
102 103 104 105 106
1 m =1 mikron 1 cm1 mm1 Å =
1 Angstrom
Skala nano
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Purwiyatno Hariyadihttp://phariyadi.staff.ipb.ac.id/
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. [email protected]
• NANO: Seberapa kecil ?
10-1 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108
Nanometer
Skala nano
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. [email protected]
• NANO: Seberapa kecil ?
10-1 101 107 108
Nanometer
Sukrosa :
102 103 104 105 106
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Purwiyatno Hariyadihttp://phariyadi.staff.ipb.ac.id/
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. [email protected]
• NANO: Seberapa kecil ?
10-1 101 107 108
Nanometer
102 103 104 105 106
~ 5000 nm
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. [email protected]
• NANO: Seberapa kecil ?
10-1 101 107 108
Nanometer
102 103 105 106
~ 5000 nm
~8*103 nm
104
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Purwiyatno Hariyadihttp://phariyadi.staff.ipb.ac.id/
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. [email protected]
• NANO: Seberapa kecil ?
10-1 101 107 108
Nanometer
102 103 105 106
~8*103 nm
104
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. [email protected]
• NANO: Seberapa kecil ?
10-1 101 107 108
Nanometer
102 103 105 106
~8*103 nm
104
10 nm
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Purwiyatno Hariyadihttp://phariyadi.staff.ipb.ac.id/
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. [email protected]
• NANO: Seberapa kecil ?
10-1 101 107 108
Nanometer
102 103 105 106104
10 nm
2 nm diameter molekul DNA (helix)
5 nm diameter molekul insulin
6 nm diameter molekul hemoglobin
10nm ketebalan dinding sel bakteri gram negatif
200nm diameter bakteri terkecil
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. [email protected]
• NANO: Seberapa kecil ?
10-1 101 107 108
Nanometer
102 103 105 106104
10 nm
• Teknologi Susu :– Misel kasein 50-300 nm
– Protein whey 4-6 nm
– Laktosa 0.5 nm
– Gobula lemak 300 nm
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Purwiyatno Hariyadihttp://phariyadi.staff.ipb.ac.id/
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. [email protected]
• NANO: Seberapa kecil ?
10-1 101 107 108
Nanometer
102 103 105 106104
10 nm
• Teknologi Nano tidak merupakan teknologi yang sama sekali BARU
• Hanya..
• Perkembangan peralatan dan instrumentasi telah memungkinkan perkembangan yg BARU
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. [email protected]
• NANO: Seberapa kecil ?
10-1 101 107 108
Nanometer
102 103 105 106104
10 nm
Microscopy: • scanning electron,• transmission electron, and• atomic force microscopy
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Purwiyatno Hariyadihttp://phariyadi.staff.ipb.ac.id/
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. [email protected]
• NOVELTY: Size matters !
Skala Makro Skala Nano
Nano’ is best understood to mean fundamentally different
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. [email protected]
Sifat-sifat baru (“nano-ness”)ini menciptakan
partikel atau bahan yang unik
(‘baru’)
Skala Makro Skala Nano
Potensi perubahan salah satu (atau lebih) sifat-sifat :
• Optis (warna, transparansi)? atau• Elektrik (konduktivitas)? atau• Fisik (kekerasan,titik leleh, difusifitas) atau• Kimia (reaktivitas, (konstant) laju reaksi)
• NOVELTY: Size matters !Nano’ is best understood to mean fundamentally different
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Purwiyatno Hariyadihttp://phariyadi.staff.ipb.ac.id/
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. [email protected]
A=6*1cm2
A=6 cm2
1 kubusp=l=t=1cm
8 kubus@ p=l=t=0.5cm
A= 6*(0,5*0,5) cm2
A= 1,5 cm2
A= 8 *1,5 cm2
A= 12 cm2
64 kubus@ p=l=t=0.25cm
A= 6*(0,25*0,25) cm2
A= 0,375 cm2
A= 8*8 * 0,375 cm2
A= 24 cm2
Meningkatnya luas permukaan
• NOVELTY: Size matters !Nano’ is best understood to mean fundamentally different
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. [email protected]
0
50
100
150
200
250
0 0,5 1 1,5
Sisi kubus (cm)
Lu
as P
erm
uka
an T
OTA
L (
cm2)
A=6*1cm2
A=6 cm2
1 kubusp=l=t=1cm
Meningkatnya luas permukaan
• NOVELTY: Size matters !Nano’ is best understood to mean fundamentally different
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Purwiyatno Hariyadihttp://phariyadi.staff.ipb.ac.id/
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. [email protected]
Risiko BARUPotensi BARU
Meningkatkan reaktivitas?
Meningkatkan Toksisitas?
50
Menurunkan dosis toksik? (LD50 <<)?
Mempengaruhi ekosistem permukaan?
Toksisitas baru? Karena rute/transport yg berbeda?
Meningkatnya bioavailabilitas
Dosis efektif lebih kecil
Meningkatnya kemampuan penetrasi
Mempercepat “onset of action”
Meningkatnya luas permukaan
• NOVELTY: Size matters !Nano’ is best understood to mean fundamentally different
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. [email protected]
Risiko BARU
J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 2007, 7, 3048. Contoh Nano-ness
There is an indication that nanoparticles interact with biological systems like molecules.
• NOVELTY: Size matters !Nano’ is best understood to mean fundamentally different
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Purwiyatno Hariyadihttp://phariyadi.staff.ipb.ac.id/
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. [email protected]
• Emas :
• Dalam skala makro (bulk gold) berwarna kuning (emas)
Partikel emas (12 nm)
• Dalam skala nano berwarna merah
Contoh Nano-ness
• NOVELTY: Size matters !Nano’ is best understood to mean fundamentally different
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. [email protected]
• Zink :
• Dalam skala makro (bulk zink) berwarna putih dan opaque;
• Zinc nano : transparan
• Karbon :
• Carbon nanotubes : penghantar listrik
Contoh Nano-ness
• NOVELTY: Size matters !Nano’ is best understood to mean fundamentally different
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Purwiyatno Hariyadihttp://phariyadi.staff.ipb.ac.id/
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. [email protected]
• Partikel ZnO ukuran makro:• Menahan cahaya UV• Menyebarkan cahaya tampa• Berwarna putih
• Partikel ZnO ukuran nano• Menahan cahaya UV• Tidak menyebarkan cahaya tampak• Transparan
• Application to sunscreen
• TiO2 : Application to sunscreen
Contoh Nano-ness
• NOVELTY: Size matters !Nano’ is best understood to mean fundamentally different
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. [email protected]
• Silver• Pada skala makro, perak inerrt• Pada kala nano : partikel perak , 1 nm - 100 nm.
• Campuran antara perak dan perak oksida. • Anti bakterial, anti kapang• Aplikasi :
• Refrigerator , AC ( pelapisan nano perak pada permukaan yang dilalui aliran udara).
• Bandage (plester)• Kaos kaki & pakaian dalam
Contoh Nano-ness
• NOVELTY: Size matters !Nano’ is best understood to mean fundamentally different
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Purwiyatno Hariyadihttp://phariyadi.staff.ipb.ac.id/
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. [email protected]
http://www.bluemoongoods.com/silver_nanoparticle_food_containers.htm
• Silver
Contoh Nano-ness
• NOVELTY: Size matters !Nano’ is best understood to mean fundamentally different
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. [email protected]://babydream.en.ec21.com
• Silver
Contoh Nano-ness
• NOVELTY: Size matters !Nano’ is best understood to mean fundamentally different
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Purwiyatno Hariyadihttp://phariyadi.staff.ipb.ac.id/
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. [email protected]
• APLIKASI di INDUSTRI PANGAN?
Pada 2008:104 Jenis pangan, bahan tambahan pangan, food contact materials (kemasan, dll), peralatan masak, dan kimia pertanian mengandung partikel nano (FOE, 2008)
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. [email protected]
Nanofood ?Food which has been cultivated, produced, processed or packaged using nanotechnology techniques or tools, or to whichmanufactured nanomaterials have been added (Joseph and Morrison 2006).
Contoh : • Nano-ingredients, nanomaterial additives • Nano iron or zinc, dll
• APLIKASI di INDUSTRI PANGAN?
Joseph T, Morrison M. 2006. Nanotechnology in Agriculture and Food. Nanoforum Report. Available at: http://www.nanoforum.org/dateien/temp/nanotechnology%20in%20agriculture%20and%20food.pdf?08122006200524 (accessed 17 January 2008).
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Purwiyatno Hariyadihttp://phariyadi.staff.ipb.ac.id/
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. [email protected]
Strawberries in a conventional food container (upper row) and nano-silver container (lower row). (Test series and pictures: The Innovation Society Ltd.)http://www.nanowerk.com/news/newsid=9292.php#ixzz2CchTJQhr
• APLIKASI di INDUSTRI PANGAN?
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. [email protected]
Contoh aplikasi
• APLIKASI di INDUSTRI PANGAN?
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Purwiyatno Hariyadihttp://phariyadi.staff.ipb.ac.id/
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. [email protected]
• APLIKASI di INDUSTRI PANGAN?Contoh aplikasi
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. [email protected]
• APLIKASI di INDUSTRI PANGAN?
Source: www.sprayforlife.com, BASF, The Chemical Company
• Nano Synergy Energy Booster (Vitamin, Calcium, B-Complex)
• Lycopene (supplement carotenoid,phytosterols by BASF)
Contoh aplikasi
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Purwiyatno Hariyadihttp://phariyadi.staff.ipb.ac.id/
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. [email protected]
• APLIKASI di INDUSTRI PANGAN?
Health Ingredient Main Reason for Formulation Nanopartikel
CarotenoidsBioavailability
Color StrengthSolid
Co-Enzyme Q10 Bioavailability Solid
Vitamin AStability through encapsulation
Droplet
Vitamin E Compressibility, use in tablets Droplet
Vitamin D, KStability through encapsulation
Droplet
PUFAsStability through encapsulation
Droplet
Contoh aplikasi
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. [email protected]
• APLIKASI di INDUSTRI PANGAN?
Nanoparticles: Vitamins and CarotenoidsPrinciples (BASF)
• Partikel nano bebas tidak bertahan dalam udara teroksidasi spontan
• Partikel nano perlu dilindungi dlm struktur matriks; berada dalam partikel bubuk makro
Powder Particle, 0.3 mm
Contoh aplikasi
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Purwiyatno Hariyadihttp://phariyadi.staff.ipb.ac.id/
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. [email protected]
Nanoclay particle based Beer Bottle (Nanocor Inc)
• APLIKASI di INDUSTRI PANGAN?
• lebih ringan
•Lebih kuat
• Lebih mampu menahan gas
(minimisasi kehilangan CO2 pada
produk bir, (carbonated
products)
Contoh aplikasi
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. [email protected]
• APLIKASI di INDUSTRI PANGAN?Contoh aplikasi
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Purwiyatno Hariyadihttp://phariyadi.staff.ipb.ac.id/
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. [email protected]
A selection of major food and agriculture companies engaged in
nanotechnology research and development
(ETC Group 2004; Innovest 2006; Renton 2006; Wolfe 2005).
• APLIKASI di INDUSTRI PANGAN?
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. [email protected]
• APLIKASI di INDUSTRI PANGAN?
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Purwiyatno Hariyadihttp://phariyadi.staff.ipb.ac.id/
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. [email protected]
• Cooking oil, teas• ‘Health’ supplements and diet
products• Colour and nutritional
additives for soft drinks, dairy and bakery products
• Food processing aids • Long-life packaging• Antibacterial kitchenware • Fertilisers, pesticides and
agrochemicals
Nano-foods now on sale include (FOE, 2008):
• APLIKASI di INDUSTRI PANGAN?
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. [email protected]
Contoh produk di US :
Perusahaan Nanoceuticals™ (RBC Life Sciences)
• Produk : “Slim Shake Chocolate”• Milkshake untuk diet; menggunakan
partikel nano silika dilapiskan pada “cocoa clusters”
• Meningkatkan citarasa dengan jumlah cocoa dan gula yg lebih sedikit
• Health risks?
• APLIKASI di INDUSTRI PANGAN?
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Purwiyatno Hariyadihttp://phariyadi.staff.ipb.ac.id/
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. [email protected]
Contoh produk di INDONESIA????
• APLIKASI di INDUSTRI PANGAN?
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. [email protected]
Masa depan?
Pertimbangan umum dalam evaluasi produk teknologi Nano :
• Karakterisasi• Keamanan• Dampak lingkungan
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Purwiyatno Hariyadihttp://phariyadi.staff.ipb.ac.id/
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. [email protected]
Precautionary principles :
The UK Royal Society recommended in 2004:• Full safety assessment of all products that contain nano
prior to market release
• All nano ingredients to be labelled
• Environmental release of nanomaterials to be avoided as far as possible
• Factories and research laboratories to treatnanomaterials as if they were hazardous
Masa depan?
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. [email protected]
Masa depan?
Nanotechnology Language• Nanobio• Nanodots• Nanowires• Nanoelectronics• Nanobots• Nanomaterials• Nanochondria
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Purwiyatno Hariyadihttp://phariyadi.staff.ipb.ac.id/
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. [email protected]
"The Next
Big Thing Is
Really Small”
Masa depan?
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. [email protected]
Terimakasih...
Purwiyatno Hariyadi:[email protected]