Periodic Table Organization

Investigative Science

Objective: Coloring and Labeling the Periodic Table

Periodic Table History

• In 1830 there were 55 known elements. A few were gases. Two elements were liquids and the rest were metals.

• In 1860 Demitri Mendeleev arranged the elements in increasing atomic mass order and it created a repeating pattern of their properties. He is known as the father of the Periodic Table

• NOTE: He did not put them in increasing atomic number….Why not?

Arranging the Periodic Table

• The modern Periodic Table is arranged in increasing order by atomic number.

• Atomic number identifies the element and determines the properties of the element, number of protons always stay the same.

• If the number of electrons is different from protons you have an ion.

• If the number of neutrons is different, then you have an isotope.

The Key to the Periodic Table

Atomic number = # Protons (positive particles in an atom)

# Electrons (negative particles in an atom) = # Protons…if a neutral atom

To find neutrons in an atom:Atomic Mass – Atomic Number = Number of Neutrons

Potassium 19

K39.10

0.8

Element Name

Atomic Number

Symbol

Atomic Mass

Electronegativity

Step 1: Label Groups/Chemical families and Periods

•Groups/Chemical Families – Vertical columns from left to right numbered 1-18. Elements in the same family have similar properties.

•Periods – Horizontal rows from top to bottom are numbered 1-7

1A

2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A

8A

3B 4B 5B 6B 7B 8B 1B 2B

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Group A: Representative Elements (The main group), metals and non-metals

Group B: Transitional Elements

Groups are the columns of the Table

1

2 13 14 15 16 17

18

3 4 5 6 7 8 11 12

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Periods are the rows of the Table

9 10

Step 2: Shade major groups of Elements

• Shade transition elements a single color and include in color key

• Shade metals a single color and include in color key

• Shade nonmetals in a single color and include in color key

• Shade metalloids/semi-metals and in a single color and include in color key

Transitional elements & rare earth

1A

2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A

8A

3B 4B 5B 6B 7B 8B 1B 2B

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Inner transitional elements

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1A

2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A

8A

3B 4B 5B 6B 7B 8B 1B 2B

These are synthetic elements

Metals:

High conductivity, ductile, malleable, high luster

1A

2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A

8A

3B 4B 5B 6B 7B 8B 1B 2B

1

2

3

4

5

6

7 These are synthetic elements

Non-Metals

No luster, poor conductors, tend to be gases and brittle solids

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1A

2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A

8A

3B 4B 5B 6B 7B 8B 1B 2B

Metalloids /Semi-metals

Step 3: Outline Groups/Chemical Families

• Outline Alkali metals and include in key

• Outline Alkaline Earth metals and include in key

• Outline Halogens and include in key

• Outline Noble gases and include in key

• Outline Boron, Carbon, Nitrogen, and Oxygen families and include in key

1A

2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A

8A

3B 4B 5B 6B 7B 8B 1B 2B

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Group 1A: Alkali MetalsGroup 2A: Alkaline Earth Metals

Group 7A: HalogensGroup 8A: Noble Gases

1A

2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A

8A

3B 4B 5B 6B 7B 8B 1B 2B

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Group 3A: Boron FamilyGroup 4A: Carbon Family

Group 5A: Nitrogen FamilyGroup 6A: Oxygen Family

Let’s Check it….

Take a look at the shading on the next slide.

Let’s review what we just did and make sure your table is colored correctly.