Periodic Properties

SPS4b Use the Periodic Table to predict the above properties for the representative elements.

SPS4a Determine the trends of the following:• Number of valence electrons• Types of ions formed by representative

elements• Location of metals, nonmetals, and metalloids• Phases at room temperature

Groups• The group number is the number assigned

to a vertical column on the periodic table. • Another name for group is a Family• There are 18 groups in the periodic table. • Groups 1, 2, 13 – 18 are representative

Periods • 1. The period number is the number

assigned to a horizontal row on the periodic table.

• 2. The number of protons increase from left to right across a period.

• 3. This number is the atomic number.• The period number indicates how many

energy levels (rings) each atom has.

Hydrogen• Hydrogen belongs to a family

of its own.• Hydrogen is a diatomic,

reactive gas.• Hydrogen was involved in

the explosion of the Hindenberg.

• Hydrogen is promising as an alternative fuel source for automobiles

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xiAT9xvTVKI&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1

METALS• shiny-luster• solids (except Hg)• malleable• ductile (stretch to wire)• conduct heat & electricity • most elements are metals

NONMETALS• solids, liquids & gases• luster-dull• brittle• poor conductors• upper-right hand corner (& H)

Metalliods• along stairstep line – between B & Al

(Al is not a metalloid!)• classified as nonmetals but conduct

heat and electricity under certain conditions

• some metal & nonmetal properties

Alkali Metals

Alkaline Earth Metals

(D- Block)

<---Transition Metals----------->

(F—block) <-----------------Inner transition------------------>

Halogens

Nobl e gases

Periodic Family Names

Group 1 - Alkali Metals

• soft, shiny• reacts violently with water• VERY reactive, one valence e- to

lose; • cation

Alkali metals• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m55kgy

ApYrY&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1

Group 2 - Alkaline Earth Metals

•2 valence e-; cation• reactive

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m55kgyApYrY&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1

Transition Metals• Elements in groups

3-12• Less reactive harder

metals• Includes metals used

in jewelry and construction.

• Metals used “as metal.”

Transition Metals• Groups 3-12 • Ions change – changes

properties • NOT REPRESENTATIVE!

Halogens• Elements in group 17• Very reactive, volatile,

diatomic, nonmetals• Always found

combined with other element in nature .

• Used as disinfectants and to strengthen teeth.

Halogens

• -Group 17• -1 ions, highly reactive •7 valence e-

Noble Gases• Elements in Group 18• Noble gases are usually

unreactive.• This is because they have full

valence shells.• Elements with full valence shells

do not easily gain or lose electrons.

Noble Gas Stability• Atoms want to gain stability, like the

noble gases.• Atoms will try to gain or lose electrons

to have a full valence shell.

Noble Gases

•Group 18•unreactive, 8 valence e-• exist as single atoms,

inert

Phases of Elements

• 1. Liquids: You must know: Hg and Br• 2. Gases: Don’t memorize, but you need

to know their general location. Gases are towards the right side of the periodic table.

• 3. Solids: All metals, except Hg - mercury

Vocabulary to know

• Valence electron: electrons in the outermost energy level (ring)

• Cation: (+) charged ion• Anion: (-) charged ion

Why ions form...•To get as close to an “octet” as

possible

Octet Rule

•Atoms tend to share, gain or lose electrons to have a set of eight (8) electrons

in their outer shell.

• http://www.archive.org/details/hindenberg_explodes

• http://www.vidicom-tv.com/tohiburg.htm