Name:_____________________________ Date: ______________ Period: ________

Period 3: Regional and Transregional Interactions, c. 600 CE to 1450 CE

Basic Timeline

Directions: Use the timeline below to note important events/changes/developments that we talked about in this Unit.

600 CE 1450 CE

Africa

South Asia

East Asia

Europe

Americas

Southwest Asia

Review: Key Concept 1: Expansion and Intensification of Communication and Exchange Networks

THE BIG IDEA: A deepening and widening of networks of human interaction within and across regions contributed to cultural,

technological, and biological diffusion within and between various societies.

Imp

rove

d t

ran

spo

rtat

ion

tec

hn

olo

gie

s an

d c

om

mer

cial

pra

ctic

es

led

to

an

incr

ease

d v

olu

me

of

trad

e an

d e

xpan

d t

he

geo

gra

ph

ical

ran

ge

of

exis

tin

g a

nd

new

ly a

ctiv

e tr

ade

net

wo

rks.

In what ways did these existing trades routes flourish? How and why did they flourish? How did they promote the

growth of new trading cities (examples)?

The Silk Roads The Mediterranean Sea

Lanes

The Trans-Saharan trade Indian Ocean Trade

Note the following trading networks on the map below (especially which ones are new)

How (and where) did these items below encourage interregional trade in luxury goods?

The caravanserai Larger ship design

(like junks)

Camel saddles astrolabe Compass

Imp

rove

d t

ran

spo

rtat

ion

tec

hn

olo

gie

s an

d c

om

mer

cial

pra

ctic

es le

d t

o a

n in

crea

sed

vo

lum

e o

f tr

ade

and

exp

and

th

e

geo

gra

ph

ical

ran

ge

of

exis

tin

g a

nd

new

ly a

ctiv

e tr

ade

net

wo

rks.

How did the emergence of these new forms of credit and monetization facilitate commercial growth? Where were

each of these developed?

Use of paper money Credit Checks Banking houses

Explain how each of the following examples of state practices facilitated commercial growth:

State-sponsored commercial

infrastructure like the Grand Canal

Trading organizations such as the

Hanseatic League

The Inca Road System

Explain how the expansion of these empires facilitated Afro-Eurasian trade and communication as new people were

drawn into their conquerors’ economies and trade networks.

China Byzantine Empire The Caliphates The Mongols

T

he

mo

vem

ent

of

peo

ple

s ca

use

d e

nvi

ron

men

tal a

nd

lin

gu

isti

c

effe

cts.

The expansion and intensification of long-distance trade often depended on environmental knowledge and technological

adaptations to the environment. Some examples of this include….

The Scandinavian Vikings

Used long-ships to travel in

coastal and open waters as well

as in rivers and estuaries

Arabs

Adapted camels to travel

across and around the Sahara

Central Asian pastoral groups

Used horses to travel in the

steppes

Some migrations and commercial contacts had significant environmental impact (transmission of agricultural techniques,

iron technologies, foods/animals) and resulted in diffusion of languages or the emergence of new languages:

Bantu-speaking people Arabs & Turks Polynesian people

Cro

ss-c

ult

ura

l exc

han

ges

wer

e fo

ster

ed b

y th

e in

ten

sifi

cati

on

of

exis

tin

g, o

r th

e cr

eati

on

of

new

net

wo

rks

of

trad

e an

d c

om

mu

nic

atio

n.

The development of Islam in the Arabian Peninsula: Describe the historical origins of Islam. Include its religious context with regards to other major monotheistic religious

systems of the era, as well as the social and political context.

What caused the Shi’a-Sunni split in Islam? Be sure to address questions of leadership, succession, and regional origin in your response.

How did the Muslim rule expand into many parts of Afro-Eurasia?

Military Expansion Merchant Activity Missionaries/Sufis Other?

Note - Less emphasized on Unit Test but may want to study for AP: In what ways did the cultural traditions of merchants living in diasporic communities located at key places along important trade

routes influence indigenous culture? Describe how one of the following is an example of this. How did this system work? Muslim merchant communities in

Indian Ocean Region

Chinese merchant communities

in Southeast Asia

Sogdian merchant

communities throughout

Central Asia

Jewish merchant communities

in the Mediterranean, Indian

Ocean basin, or along the Silk

Roads

Cro

ss-c

ult

ura

l exc

han

ges

wer

e fo

ster

ed b

y th

e

inte

nsi

fica

tio

n o

f ex

isti

ng

, or

the

crea

tio

n o

f n

ew

net

wo

rks

of

trad

e an

d c

om

mu

nic

atio

n.

As exchange networks intensified, an increased number of travelers within Afro-Eurasia wrote about their travels.

Who was Ibn Battuta? Where did he travel/who

did he interact with? What did he learn?

Extent and limitations of their

knowledge/understanding of different cultures:

Who was Marco Polo? Where did he travel/who did

he interact with? What did he learn? Extent and

limitations of their knowledge/understanding of

different cultures:

Not required for

Unit Test but

helpful for AP:

Xuanzang

Increased cross-cultural interactions resulted in the diffusion of literary, artistic, and cultural traditions. What

are some examples of this?

Neoconfucianism and

Buddhism in East Asia

Hinduism and Buddhism in

Southeast Asia

Islam in sub-Saharan Africa

and Southeast Asia

Toltec/Mexica and Inca

traditions in Mesoamerica and

Andean America

Th

ere

was

co

nti

nu

ed d

iffu

sio

n o

f cr

op

s an

d

pat

ho

gen

s th

rou

gh

ou

t th

e E

aste

rn

Hem

isp

her

e al

on

g t

he

trad

e ro

ute

s.

There was continued diffusion of crops and pathogens throughout the Eastern Hemisphere along the trade routes.

Examples of diseases/related notes

(from where to where, when, what effects):

Examples of diffusion of crops/related notes (from where

to where, when, what effects):

Key Concept 3.2 Continuity and Innovation of State Forms and Their Interactions

THE BIG IDEA: State formation and development demonstrated continuity, innovation, and diversity in various regions.

Em

pir

es c

olla

pse

d in

dif

fere

nt

reg

ion

s o

f th

e w

orl

d, a

nd

in s

om

e

area

s w

ere

rep

lace

d b

y n

ew im

per

ial s

tate

s o

r p

olit

ical

sys

tem

s.

The Byzantine Empire The Chinese Dynasties – Sui, Tang, Song

Describe how the Byzantine Empire reconstituted the Roman

system by using traditional sources of power (patriarchy,

religion, land-owning elites, etc.)

Describe how the Chinese dynasties of the Sui, Tang, and

Song reconstituted the Han Chinese system by using

traditional sources of power (patriarchy, religion, land-

owning elites, etc.)

Describe how the Byzantine Empire launched innovations to

better suit their current circumstances (using for example,

new methods of taxation, tributary systems, adaptation of

religious institutions)

Describe how the Chinese dynasties launched innovations

to better suit their current circumstances (using for

example, new methods of taxation, tributary systems,

adaptation of religious institutions)

Other notes about developments in this Empire:

Other notes about developments in this Empire:

Em

pir

es c

olla

pse

d in

dif

fere

nt

reg

ion

s o

f th

e w

orl

d, a

nd

in s

om

e ar

eas

wer

e re

pla

ced

by

new

imp

eria

l sta

tes

or

po

litic

al s

yste

ms.

What NEW political entities emerged? Describe the following:

Islamic states

Mongol Khanates

Hindu and Buddhist states in

Southeast Asia (or other city-

states in Southeast Asia)

City-states on the Italian peninsula

(maybe next unit)

City-states in East Africa

Developments of decentralized governments in…

Western Europe Japan

Inte

rreg

ion

al

con

tact

s an

d

con

flic

ts b

etw

een

stat

es a

nd

emp

ires

enco

ura

ged

sig

nif

ican

t

tech

no

log

ical

an

d

cult

ura

l tra

nsf

ers.

Some states synthesized local with foreign traditions:

Persian traditions that influenced Islamic States:

Chinese traditions that influenced states in Japan:

In what ways did state systems in the Americas expand in scope and reach? Why? What networks and imperial

systems were created?

Technological and cultural transfers were taking place in the following ways… What exactly was being transferred?

What facilitated these transfers?

Between Tang China and

Abbasids

Across the Mongol Empire Between Muslims and Christians in

the Mediterranean region during the

Crusades

Other examples: -

Islamic scientific

knowledge to Mongol

China

- Transfer of Greco-

Islamic medical

knowledge to

Western Europe

- others?

Key Concept: 3.3 Increased Economic Productivity and Its Consequences

In

no

vati

on

s st

imu

late

d a

gri

cult

ura

l an

d in

du

stri

al p

rod

uct

ion

in

man

y re

gio

ns Agricultural production increased significantly due to technological innovations. What are some examples and

where were they used?

Improved terracing techniques (Americas)

The horse collar (Central Asian steppes)

Chinampa field systems (Mesoamerica)

Swamp draining

Demand for luxury goods increase in Afro-Eurasia. Examples?

Examples of goods from China, Persia, and India that were in demand:

Why did industrial production of iron and steel expand in China? What were the effects of this?

Th

e fa

te o

f ci

ties

var

ied

gre

atly

, wit

h

per

iod

s o

f si

gn

ific

ant

dec

line

and

per

iod

s

of

incr

ease

d u

rban

izat

ion

bu

oye

d b

y

risi

ng

pro

du

ctiv

ity

and

exp

and

ing

tra

de

net

wo

rks.

How and where did the following factors contribute to the decline or urban areas in this period?

Invasions Disease Decline of agricultural productivity

Th

e fa

te o

f ci

ties

var

ied

gre

atly

, wit

h p

erio

ds

of

sig

nif

ican

t d

eclin

e an

d p

erio

ds

of

incr

ease

d

urb

aniz

atio

n b

uo

yed

by

risi

ng

pro

du

ctiv

ity

and

exp

and

ing

tra

de

net

wo

rks.

How and where did these factors contribute to urban revival?

End of Invasions Availability of safe

and reliable

transport

The rise of commerce

and warmer

temperatures between

800 - 1300

Increased

agricultural

productivity and

subsequent rising

populations

Greater

availability of

labor

Des

pit

e si

gn

ific

ant

con

tin

uit

ies

in s

oci

al s

tru

ctu

re a

nd

in m

eth

od

s o

f p

rod

uct

ion

, th

ere

wer

e al

so s

om

e

imp

ort

ant

chan

ges

in la

bo

r m

anag

emen

t an

d in

th

e ef

fect

of

relig

iou

s co

nve

rsio

n o

n g

end

er r

elat

ion

s an

d

fam

ily li

fe.

Describe the continued forms of labor organization. Where were they practiced? Free peasant

agriculture

Nomadic

pastoralism

Craft production

and guild

organization

Forms of

coerced/unfree

labor

Government imposed

labor (taxes)

Military

obligations

What new forms of coerced labor appeared?

Serfdom in Europe Serfdom in Japan Mit’a in the Inca Empire

Did the use of slaves increase? Where?

Des

pit

e si

gn

ific

ant

con

tin

uit

ies

in s

oci

al s

tru

ctu

re a

nd

in m

eth

od

s o

f

pro

du

ctio

n, t

her

e w

ere

also

so

me

imp

ort

ant

chan

ges

in la

bo

r m

anag

emen

t an

d in

th

e ef

fect

of

relig

iou

s co

nve

rsio

n o

n g

end

er r

elat

ion

s an

d f

amily

life

.

What changes to social structures took place during this period? Where? How did diffusion of beliefs lead to

significant changes in gender relations and family structure?

Islam Buddhism Christianity Neo-Confucianism Changes influenced

by circumstances not

related to belief

system?