performance of a hydrolab, ysi and horiba multiprobes: a … · 2020. 1. 28. · various farm...

Agriculture andAgri-Food Canada

Agriculture etAgroalimentaire Canada

Canada



Canada

Performance of a Hydrolab, YSI and Horiba Multiprobes:

A Preliminary AssessmentT.L. Chow, G. Benoy and H.W. Rees

Potato Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada,Fredericton, New Brunswick

Real-Time Water Quality Monitoring Workshop 2007St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador

June 4-5, 2007

1



Canada

Water Quality Problems related to Agricultural ActivitiesPresent Monitoring ProceduresFeasibility of Replacing the Auto-sampling/Lab analyses with MultiprobesPreliminary Results and Conclusions

Outline

3



Canada

20,000 ha of potato grown annually in New Brunswick

30-40 % of total provincial farm cash receipts

Value added products



Canada

Shallow SoilsSloping Topography

Major Rain Storms Intensive Management

SOIL EROSION

Pollution



Canada

Surface Water Contamination



Canada

• Rainfall simulator plots (1m x 1m);• Permanent runoff-erosion plots (10m x

30m);• Paired drainage basins (2-5 ha);• Other field scale experiments (Buffer strip,

Nutriment management, etc.)

• Experimental watersheds (15 and 340 km2)

20+ Years of Soil Erosion Research inPotato Production in New Brunswick

Off-farm

On-farm

2



Canada

• Impacts of intensive potato production on:– Runoff and soil erosion– Soil quality in terms of productivity– Water quality in terms of discharge, sediment and nutrient

loading

• Beneficial Management Practices on:– Runoff and soil losses– Soil quality– Water quality

General Scope of Research:

2



Canada

Environment CanadaNB Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and AquacultureNB Department of Environment and Local Government Eastern Canada Soil and Water Conservation CentreUniversity of New Brunswick (biology, engineering, forestry)Various farm agencies and associations

Potatoes New BrunswickNB Soil and Crop Improvement Association

Individual farmer/producers

Collaborators

3



Canada

Experimental watersheds

28

Little River Watershed (est. 2000):Size : 340 km2

Land use:Agriculture – 15%Forestry – 85%

Black Brook Watershed (est. 1992):Size : 15 km2

Land use:Agriculture – 64%Forestry – 36%

Monitoring station



Canada

Experimental watersheds – Black Brook

29

Size = 1450 ha(7.5 km long x 3.5 km wide)

Slope: Detailed soilUpper -- 1- 6% survey dataCentral – 4-9% 1:10,000lower – 5-16%

5 AutomatedLand use (survey): weather stationsPotatoes – 38%Grain – 15% Divided intoPasture – 6% 9 sub-basinsForage – 4% for surfacePeas – 1% water monitoringNon-agric. – 36%



Canada

Black Brook Experimental Watershed

Surface water monitoring

sites

Automated stage height recording

and water sampling for flow, pH, conductivity, sediment loading, N, P, K, Ca, Mg

30



Canada

Black Brook Watershed

27

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Dai

ly D

isc h

arge

(105 m

3 )

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

Sedi

men

t Con

cen t

ratio

n (g

/l)

0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360Julian Day 2006

SedimentDischarge

Total Discharge = 8.95 million m 3

Total Sediment = 3050 tons



Canada


0

4

8

12

16

NO

3-N ( m

g/l)

0

4

8

Flow

Vel

(m3 / s

)

0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360Julian Date 2006



Canada


0

4

8

12

16

Sus

pen d

ed S

edim

e nt (

g/l)

0

4

8

Flow

Vel

(m3 /s

)

0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360Julian Date 2006



Canada


0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

NO

3-N (m

g/l)

0

4

8

Flow

Ve l

(m3 /s

)

0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360Julian Date 2006

Conductivity (mS/cm)XX

XX

XX

X



Canada


0

10

20

30

Rai

nfal

l

0

20

40

60

80

Sta

g e H

eigh

t (cm

)

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

Con

c (u

g/l)

12 16 20 24Time (hr)

weir#1weir#9weir#12

weir#1 weir#9 weir#12

Cumulative Rainfall (mm)30 Min Intensity (mm/hr)

August 07, 2006

Metalaxyl



Canada


05

10152025

Rai

nfal

l

0

20

40

60

Sta

ge H

eigh

t (cm

)

0.0

40000.0

80000.0

120000.0

160000.0

12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00 19:00Time (hr)

Amount30 min intensity

Weir#1Weir#9

Weir#1Weir#9

Total coliform (CFU/100 ml)

August 07, 2006



Canada

To evaluate the performance of a HYDROLAB, YSI and HORIBA multiprobe for real time water quality monitoring; and To study the feasibility of replacing auto-sampling/Lab-analysis with the multiprobes.

Objectives

3



Canada

Methodology



Canada

Tem X X X pH X X XDO X XCONDUCT X X XTURBIDITY X X XDEPTH X X ORP X X XTDS X X XNITRATE X X X AMMONIA X X XPOTASSIUM XCHLORIDE XCOST 16.1K 12.6K 9.0K

PARAMETER HYDROLAB YSI HORIBA

3



Canada

Methodology



Canada

Results and Discussion

4

8

12

16

Wat

er T

empe

ratu

r e (o C

)

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

Flow

Vel

(m3 /S

)

250 260 270 280 290Julian Date 2006

Hydrolab YSI Horiba CS1077.6

8.0

8.4

8.8

9.2

9.6

pH

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

Flow

Vel

(m3 /S

)

250 260 270 280 290Julian Date 2006

Hydrolab YSI Horiba Lab



Canada


-40-30-20-10

010203040

Sta

ge H

eigh

t (cm

)

048

121620

Dai

ly R

ain f

all (

mm

)

250 260 270 280 290Julian Date 2006

Hydrolab Horiba Lab



Canada


200

400

600

800

Con

duct

ivit y

(uS/

cm)

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

Flow

Vel

(m3 /S

)

250 260 270 280 290Julian Date 2006




Canada


0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

TDS

(g/l)

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

Flow

Ve l

(m3 /S

)

250 260 270 280 290Julian Date 2006

Hydrolab YSI Horiba



Canada


0

400

800

1200

1600

2000

Turb

idit y

(NT U

)

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

Flow

Vel

(m3 /S

)

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

Sus

pend

ed s

e dim

ent (

g/l)

250 260 270 280 290Julian Date 2006




Canada


0

10

20

30

40

50

NO

3-N (m

g/l)

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

Flow

Vel

(m3 / S

)

250 260 270 280 290Julian Date 2006




Canada


0

2

4

6

8

10

NH

4-N (m

g/l)

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

Flow

Vel

(m3 / S

)

250 260 270 280 290Julian Date 2006

Hydrolab YSI Horiba



Canada


75 80 85 90 95

100 105

DO

(% s

atur

atio

n)

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

250 260 270 280 290 Julian Date 2006

DO Water Tem (C)

YSI



Canada


2 4 6 8

10 12 14 16

250 260 270 280 290 Julian Date 2006

DO (mg/l) Water Tem (C)

Horiba



Canada


5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Cl (

mg/

l)

250 260 270 280 290 Julian Date 2006

Hydrolab



Canada

Preliminary Conclusions• Water temperature, pH and specific conductivity compared

favorably between sondes; • Water temperature and conductivity monitored with sondes

followed similar trend of the auto-sampling/lab-analysis results;• Sondes failed to monitor small change in stage heights and may be

attributed to barometric pressure changes;• Turbidity monitored with sondes failed to reflect changes in

suspended sediment concentration;• Hydrolab and YSI seem to track nitrate and ammonia reasonably

well, but with concentration higher than the lab data;• Not recommend to replace the lab method with the sondes until

such time when the results are more realizable.



Canada

Thank You

35

Lien [email protected]

performance of a hydrolab, ysi and horiba multiprobes: a … · 2020. 1. 28. · various farm...

Documents