performance enhancing drugs sports medicine i. recreational and performance enhancing drugs...
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Recreational and Performance Recreational and Performance Enhancing DrugsEnhancing Drugs
Recreational drugsRecreational drugs– AlcoholAlcohol– MarijuanaMarijuana– cocainecocaine
Performance Performance EnhancingEnhancing– Anabolic steroidsAnabolic steroids– caffeinecaffeine
Both have serious and sometimes irreversible side effects!!!
AlcoholAlcohol
Most commonly Most commonly abused drug at all abused drug at all levelslevels
Peer pressure to Peer pressure to drink is extremedrink is extreme
Universally Universally acceptedaccepted
Most difficult drug Most difficult drug to controlto control
AlcoholAlcohol
Results in Results in deterioration of the deterioration of the psychomotor skills psychomotor skills ofof– Reaction timeReaction time– Hand-eye Hand-eye
coordinationcoordination– AccuracyAccuracy– BalanceBalance– Complex Complex
coordinationcoordination
AlcoholAlcohol
Consistently Consistently DecreasesDecreases– StrengthStrength– PowerPower– Local muscular Local muscular
enduranceendurance– SpeedSpeed– Cardiovascular Cardiovascular
enduranceendurance
MarijuanaMarijuana
Second most Second most commonly abused commonly abused substancesubstance
Significant effects with Significant effects with athletic performanceathletic performance
Effects:Effects:– Major impairment of Major impairment of
coordinationcoordination– Impairment of tracing Impairment of tracing
performanceperformance– Slowed reaction timeSlowed reaction time– Altered perception of Altered perception of
speed, time, and spacespeed, time, and space– Short-term and long-Short-term and long-
term memory lossterm memory loss– Prolonged learning timeProlonged learning time
MarijuanaMarijuana
““Anti-Motivational Syndrome”Anti-Motivational Syndrome”– ApathyApathy– Loss of ambition and effectivenessLoss of ambition and effectiveness– Diminished ability to carry out long-term Diminished ability to carry out long-term
plansplans– Difficulty concentratingDifficulty concentrating– Decline in academic and athletic Decline in academic and athletic
performanceperformance– Intermittent confusionIntermittent confusion– Impaired memoryImpaired memory– Loss of energyLoss of energy
Tobacco ProductsTobacco Products
Rules and Rules and regulations regulations established to curb established to curb use of tobacco in use of tobacco in athleticsathletics
Cancer is linked to Cancer is linked to the use of these the use of these productsproducts
Baseball has seen Baseball has seen the most recent the most recent regulationsregulations
ProductsProducts– SmokingSmoking– ChewingChewing– SnuffSnuff
Anabolic SteroidsAnabolic Steroids
Synthetic Synthetic derivatives of the derivatives of the male hormone male hormone testosteronetestosterone
Most controversial Most controversial drugsdrugs
Hope is to increase Hope is to increase strength and size strength and size of musclesof muscles
Little evidence that Little evidence that there are benefitsthere are benefits
Steroid use without Steroid use without training, there is no training, there is no effect of muscle effect of muscle size or strengthsize or strength
Anabolic SteroidsAnabolic Steroids
Side Effects (Men)Side Effects (Men)– Aggressive behaviorAggressive behavior– Liver damageLiver damage– Impaired kidney Impaired kidney
functionfunction– Enlarged prostateEnlarged prostate– Decreased testosteroneDecreased testosterone– Testicular atrophyTesticular atrophy– Growth of breast tissueGrowth of breast tissue– Elevated blood pressureElevated blood pressure
Side Effects (Women)Side Effects (Women)– Deepened voiceDeepened voice– Growth of facial/chest Growth of facial/chest
hairhair– Liver damageLiver damage– Menstrual irregularitiesMenstrual irregularities– Impairment of Impairment of
reproductive capactiyreproductive capactiy
CaffeineCaffeine Moderate amounts Moderate amounts
increase mental increase mental alertnessalertness
Too much may Too much may cause anxiety, cause anxiety, hamper hamper performance, performance, increase heart rateincrease heart rate
Has a diuretic effectHas a diuretic effect Adversely affects Adversely affects
performanceperformance
CreatineCreatine
Recently gained Recently gained notorietynotoriety
Burn a high-energy Burn a high-energy compound stored compound stored in musclein muscle
Large dosages Large dosages contributes to contributes to dehydrationdehydration
More research More research must be conductedmust be conducted
Recognition of Drug UseRecognition of Drug Use Motivation variationsMotivation variations Changes in Changes in
personality/behaviorspersonality/behaviors Withdrawal from Withdrawal from
companionshipcompanionship Decline in Decline in
performance performance (physically and (physically and academically)academically)
Inability to Inability to coordinatecoordinate
Poor personal Poor personal hygienehygiene
Muddled speechMuddled speech Impaired judgementImpaired judgement Restless, jitteryRestless, jittery Muscular twitchesMuscular twitches Heavy sweatingHeavy sweating Bad breathBad breath Red eyesRed eyes Increased appetiteIncreased appetite
Banned Substance ListsBanned Substance Lists
http://www.ncaa.org/wps/wcm/http://www.ncaa.org/wps/wcm/connect/connect/53e6f4804e0b8a129949f91ad6fc8b253e6f4804e0b8a129949f91ad6fc8b25/2009-5/2009-10+Banned+Drug+Classes.pdf?10+Banned+Drug+Classes.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CACHEID=53e6f480MOD=AJPERES&CACHEID=53e6f4804e0b8a129949f91ad6fc8b254e0b8a129949f91ad6fc8b25