PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF

37 WATT STANDALONE

SPV SYSTEM

Under the Guidance of :- Dr. Arbind Kumar (Mechanical Department)

Presented by :- Chandra Mohan

Kumar MT/ET/10013/2012

OUTLINE Introduction

Objective of thesis work

System under consideration

Labeled Diagram of the system

Specification of the System

Methodology

Performance Evaluation Index

Conclusion

References

INTRODUCTION A substantial rise in global energy demand and growing

concern about shortage of conventional energy reserves as

well as environmental issues have drawn more attention to

renewable energy sources. Dependence on these fossil fuel

resources is still on the incline due to high load growth and

high rate of industrialization and economic development.

The Solar energy is one of the most significant sources of

renewable energy. In one hour the Earth receives enough

energy from the Sun to meet its needs for nearly a year.

Photovoltaic (PV) energy conversion is often described as

the direct conversion of solar radiation into electricity, by

means of the photovoltaic effect

Photovoltaic cell - is a semiconductor device that directly converts the solar energy into electric energy.

Photovoltaic module -A solar PV module can be consider as an array of several solar cell connected in series and parallel with large voltage and current output than a single solar cell.

Stand-alone photovoltaic power systems are

electrical power systems energized by

photovoltaic panels which are independent of the

utility grid.

Stand-alone PV systems are also called

autonomous PV systems which are independent

Photovoltaic systems. They are normally used in

remote or isolated places where the electric

supply from the power-grid is unavailable.

Element included in stand alone system

Solar panel

Charge controller

Battery

inverter

Objective of the present work

Objective of my thesis work is to validate the Performance of 37 watt SPV module for use in standalone SPV system.

SYSTEM UNDER CONSIDERATION

Halogen lamp

Solar panel

Fig : Halogen radiation and PV module

LABELED DIAGRAM

Plotter boxControl Board

Fig : control board and plotter

SPECIFICATION OF SYSTEM

Rated power 37 watt

Voltage at maximum power

( Vmp)

16.56 V

Current at maximum power

(Imp)

2.25 A

Open circuit current (Isc) 2.55 A

Total number of cells in series 36

Total number of cells in

parallel

1

METHODOLOGYHalogen light used for radiation instead of sun

radiation.

Radiation from halogen is equivalent to sun

radiation1000 w/m^2.

Radiation are falling on solar panels.

Solar panels are connected to control board .

Through control board (logger device) i. Voltageii. currentiii. DC loadiv. AC load

v. Inverter I/P ,I/P current and powervi. Battery current , voltage and power

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND ANALYSIS OF SYSTEM

I-V and P-V characteristics of module at different and radiation and Temperature.

I-V and P-V characteristics of two modules are connected in and Series and parallel

Effect of shading on I-V & P-V characteristic of module

Working of Bypass diode when two 37 watt module are connected in series .

Power flow of stand-alone PV system of DC load with battery.

Power flow calculation of SPV system of AC load with battery.

Calculation of inverter efficiency Evaluate the Fill factor, Maximum power output

And efficiency of module.

EVALUATION INDEX P-V characteristics of 37 watt module in Halogen irradiation

Irradiation - 550W/m2 , Temperature- 33( c

Voltage Current Power0 0.44 0

5.9 0.43 2.5316.1 0.35 5.63519.3 0.21 4.0519.6 0.15 2.9419.7 0.11 2.1620 0 0

EVALUATION INDEX

I-V characteristic of 37 watt module in Halogen light

Irradiation – 550 W/m2 , Temperature - 33( c

Voltage Current Power0 0.44 0

5.9 0.43 2.5316.1 0.35 5.63519.3 0.21 4.0519.6 0.15 2.9419.7 0.11 2.1620 0 0

EVALUATION INDEX

P-V characteristic of 37 watt module in Sun Radiation

Irradiation – 1200 W/m2 , Temperature - 33( c

Voltage Current Power0 2.37 0

17.6 1.39 24.88118.8 0.86 16.16819 0.69 13.11

19.5 0.21 4.09519.6 0.14 2.74419.6 0.1 1.9619.6 0 0

EVALUATION INDEX P-V characteristic of 37 watt module in Sun Radiation

Irradiation – 1200 W/m2 , Temperature - 33( c

Voltage Current Power0 2.37 0

17.6 1.39 24.88118.8 0.86 16.16819 0.69 13.11

19.5 0.21 4.09519.6 0.14 2.74419.6 0.1 1.9619.6 0 0

EVALUATION INDEX P-V and I-V characteristic of Parallel and series connected 37

watt PV module , Halogen irradiation, Radiation – 550w/m2 , Temperature - 33( c

Is Vs Ps Ip Vp Pp

0.39 0 0 0.88 0.2 0.176

0.37 7.8 2.886 0.63 18.2 11.466

0.34 20.5 6.97 0.31 19.1 5.921

0.3 31.4 9.42 0.22 19.2 4.224

0.26 37 9.62 0.16 19.3 3.088

0.22 37.8 8.316 0.14 19.3 2.702

0 38.1 0 0 19.4 0

P-V curve of Series and Parallel connected module :Intensity 550 w/m^2

I-V CURVE OF PARALLEL AND SERIES CONNECTED

MODULE

EVALUATION INDEX P-V and I-V characteristic of Parallel and series connected 37

watt PV module , Sun irradiation, Radiation – 1200w/m2 , Temperature - 33( c

Is Vs Ps Ip Vp Pp

2.26 0 1.356 4.69 0 0

1.23 36.3 44.649 3.43 14.5 49.73

0.85 37.4 31.79 0.55 19.3 10.61

0.43 38.8 16.512 0.3 19.5 5.85

0.25 38.8 9.7 0.13 19.5 2.53

0 39 0 0 19.6 0

2.26 0 1.356 4.69 0 0

P-V curve of Series and Parallel connected module :Intensity 1200 w/m^2

I-V CURVE OF PARALLEL AND SERIES CONNECTED MODULE

Terminolgy contd…

Effect of shading on P-V curve of moduleIrradiation- 550w/m2, Temperature- 33( c

No cell shaded Two cell shaded Nine cell shaded

Voltage Current Power Voltage current power Voltage current power

19.4 0.08 1.552 6.7 0.02 0.134 2.8 0 0

19.3 0.13 2.509 5.4 0.03 0.162 2 0 0

19.1 0.17 3.247 4.6 0.03 0.138 1.6 0 0

18.7 0.23 4.301 4 0.03 0.129 1.1 0 0

17 0.31 5.27 3.2 0.04 0.125 0.8 0 0

11.5 0.33 3.795 2.3 0.05 0.115 0.8 0 0

6.7 0.36 2.412 1.2 0.06 0.072 0.5 0 0

0 0.38 0 0 0.07 0 0 0 0

Terminolgy contd…

Effect of shading on P-V curve of moduleIrradiation- 550w/m2, Temperature- 33( c

Terminolgy contd…

Effect of shading on P-V curve of moduleIrradiation- 1200 w/m2 , Temperature- 44( c

NO CELL SHADED TWO CELL SHADED NINE CELL SHADED

I V P I V P I V P

2.44 0 0 0.15 0 0 0.06 0 0

1.17 18.5 21.64 0.11 2.6 0.286 0.06 2.1 0.21

0.68 19 12.92 0.1 4.2 0.42 0.06 3.9 0.23

0.56 19.2 10.75 0.09 6.2 0.558 0.06 6.2 0.37

0.33 19.5 6.43 0.08 8.7 0.696 0.05 8.1 0.4

0.17 19.7 3.34 0.07 14.3 1 0.05 10.4 0.52

0 19.8 0 0 16.2 0 0 13.4 0

Terminolgy contd…

Effect of shading on P-V curve of moduleIrradiation- 1200w/m2 , Temperature- 44( c

without bypass diode with diode

I V P I V P

0 0 0 0.39 0 0

0 0 0 0.36 9.3 3.348

0 0 0 0.28 17 4.76

0 0 0 0.18 17.8 3.204

0 0 0 0.13 18 2.34

0 0 0 0.11 18.1 1.991

0 0 0 0.09 18.2 1.638

0 0 0 0 18.2 1.456

P-V curve of module in Halogen light Irradiation- 550w/m2 , Temperature - 33( c

without bypass diode with diode

I V P I V P

0 0 0 2.37 0 0

0 0 0 1.39 17.6 24.881

0 0 0 0.86 18.8 16.168

0 0 0 0.69 19 13.11

0 0 0 0.21 19.5 4.095

0 0 0 0.14 19.6 2.744

0 0 0 0.1 19.6 1.96

0 0 0 0 19.6 0

P-V curve of module in solarIrradiation-1200w/m2 , Temperature - 43( c

POWER FLOW OF STAND-ALONE PV SYSTEM OF DC LOAD WITH BATTERY

Module 

Array current

Array voltage

Array power

Load current

Load voltage

Load power

Battery current

Battery voltage

Battery power

Single module

 

0.33 12.4 5.991 0.403 12.5 5.037 0.076 12.5 0.95

Parallel module

 

0.85 13.1 10.708 0.404 13.1 5.2924 0.44 12.2 5.368

Array power = DC Load power + Battery power + power loss by charge controller

= 5.037 + 0.95 + 0.0484 = 5.991watt (Single module)

And from table, For parallel connected module = 10.708 watt

POWER FLOW CALCULATION OF SPV SYSTEM OF AC LOAD WITH BATTERY

Module 

Array current

Array voltage

Array power

Inverter i/p current

inverter i/p voltage

Inverter i/p power

Battery current

Battery voltage

Battery power

Single module 

0.14 12.1 10.246 0.695 12 8.34 0.546 12.1 6.606Parallel module 

0.31 12.1 12.442 0.665 12.1 8.0465 0.36 12.2 4.392

Array power = Inverter input power + Battery power + loss due to charge controller

= 8.046 + 4.392 + 0.048 = 12.48 watt

CALCULATION OF INVERTER EFFICIENCY

Module Configuration

Inverter I/P current

Inverter I/P voltage

Inverter I/Ppower

AC Load current

AC Load voltage

ACLoad power

Inverter efficiency

Single Module 0.726 11.8 8.5668 0.023 232 5.336 62.28

Parallel connected Module 0.656 12.1 7.9376 0.022 234 5.148 64.85

Inverter efficiency = (AC load power* 100) / inverter input power = (5.148* 100) / 7.937

= 65%

CONCLUSION1. The module characteristics i.e. I-V and P-V curve obtained for the module sample is in accordance with the theoretical characteristics of PV module.2. The series and parallel combination of PV module and their characteristics is also found in accordance with the standard performance curve of a reference module.3. The FF factor – 60%,Maximum power output of module in halogen irradiation- 5.63watt , and Maximum power output in solar irradiation - 24.88 watt,Efficiency of module in halogen irradiation – 5.10% and in Solar radiation -12%.4.The effect of shading on SPV module also justified the standard pattern.5.The efficiency of inverter is 65% ,which is closed to the efficiency of a standard inverter considering the same intensity of radiation.

REFERENCES

.Solanki C. S.,”Solar Photovoltaic Fundamental Technology and Application”,PHI Pvt Ltd.2009.

.Khan.B.H., “ Non-conventional energy resources”, Pvt Ltd.2009.

.S. Haykins , “Neural Networks: A comprehensive Foundation”, Prentice Hall International 1999.

.Seizing and designing a stand alone pv electricity generation system, ISBN-978-1-4577-1280-7, BY-P.SUNDRAM