perfect score chemistry sbp 2012 - answer
DESCRIPTION
2012 editionTRANSCRIPT
1
BAHAGIAN PENGURUSAN
SEKOLAH BERASRAMA PENUH DAN SEKOLAH KLUSTER
JAWAPAN
MODUL PERFECT SCORE
2012
CHEMISTRY
[KIMIA]
Set 1
Set 2
Set 3
Set 4
Set 5
2
JAWAPAN SET 1
PAPER 2 : STRUCTURED QUESTION
SECTION A
No Explanation Sub Mark Total
Mark
1(a)(i) The number of proton in the nuclues of an atom 1 1
(ii) 18 1 1
(b) M and N,
because both atoms have same proton number but
different nucleon number/ the same the number of
proton but different the number of neutron
1
1
2
(c)(i) 2.8.6 1 1
(ii) Group 16 , Period 3 1 1
(iii) 6 valence electron ,
three shells fill / occupied with electron
1
1
2
(d) M-
1 1
Total 9
No Explanation Sub Mark Total
Mark
2(a) 2.8.3 1 1
(b)(i) Z 1 1
(ii) Z atom has achieve a stable octet electron arrangement.
Atom does not donate or receive / share electron with
other atom.
1
1
2
(c)(i) VW
1 1
(ii) Draw
+ -
1. Correct number of shell and eletron for ion V and ion W
2. Correct charge of ion V and ion W
1
1
2
(d)(i) W / Y 1 1
(ii) U 1 1
(iii) T 1 1
Total 10
W V
3
No Explanation Sub Mark Total
Mark
3(a)(i) 2.8.6 1 1
(ii) 16 1 1
(b)(i) Atomic size decrease / become smaller 1 1
(ii) The number of proton increase/ positive charge increase
Force of attraction between neucleus and valence
electron increase
1
1
2
(c) Has achieve a stable octet electron arrangement
Atom does not donate, receive or share electron with
other atom.
1
1
2
(d) Al / Aluminium 1 1
(e) 2Na + 2H2O 2NaOH + H2
Correct the formula reactant and product
Balance equation
1
1
2
Total 10
No Explanation Sub Mark Total
Mark
4(a) K
J/ L / M
1
1
2
(b)(i) J/L/M 1 1
(ii) Atom of J/L/M is not stable// has 1/6/ 7 valence
electron
2 atoms of J/L/M share a pair of electron
To achieve duplet/octet electron arrangement
1
1
1
3
(c)(i) 17 1 1
(ii) 17, atom has 7 valence electron 1 1
(d) M,L, K 1 1
(e) K+ 1 1
(f) KM 1 1
Total 11
No Explanation Sub Mark Total
Mark
5(a)(i) Magnesium / Mg 1 1
(ii) Mg2+ 1 1
(iii) Chlorine / Cl2 1 1
(iv) gas 1 1
(v) has free moving ions 1 1
(b)(i) covalent compound 1 1
(ii) T2 oC 1 1
(iii) becomes slower 1 1
(iv)
1 1
Total 9
4
No Explanation Sub Mark Total
Mark 6(a)(i) 0.125 mol
0.125x 6.02 x 1023
// 1.7525 x 1023
molecules 1 1
3
(ii) 0.125 x 44 = 5.5 g 1 (b)(i) Chemical formula that shows simplest ratio of atoms of
elements/each element in a compound 1 7
(ii) Mg = 2.4g , O = 1.6g 1+1 (iii) 1 : 1 1 (iv) MgO 1 (v) To allow oxygen enter the crucible 1 (vi) Copper is less reactive towards oxygen than hydrogen 1
Total 10
No Explanation Sub Mark
Total Mark
7(a) Chemical formula that shows actual number of atoms of
elements/each element in a molecule 1 1
(b) Number of mole 1 1 (c)(i) Method 1 1 3 (ii) Magnesium is reactive //Magnesium reacts easily with
oxygen 1
(iii) To allow oxygen/air to enter the crucible//To ensure
magnesium reacts completely 1
(d)(i) Mass of Pb = 49.68 g 1 5 (ii) No.of mole of Pb = 0.24 mol 1 (iii) Mass of oxygen = 3.84 g 1 (iv) No. of mole of O = 0.24 mol 1 (v) Empirical formula = PbO 1
Total 10
No Explanation Sub Mark
Total Mark
8(a)(i) Chemical formula that shows the simplest ratio of atoms of
each element in the compound 1 2
(ii) To dry hydrogen gas//To absorb water/moisture 1 (b)(i) Copper = 8.00g
Oxygen = 2.00g 1 1
4
(ii) 8/64 : 2/16 = 1:1 1 (iii) CuO 1 (c)(i) To avoid the oxidation of copper//To avoid the formation of
copper oxide 1 2
(ii) Repeat the process of heating, cooling and weighing until
the mass of copper is constant/no change 1
(d)(i) Magnesium is more reactive towards oxygen than
hydrogen//Magnesium is placed above hydrogen in the
reactivity series
1 2
(ii) Iron oxide/Tin oxide/Lead oxide/Silver oxide 1
Total 10
5
SECTION B
No Rubric Sub Mark Marks
9(a) 1.Number of proton for both isotopes is 6
2.Number of electron for both isotopes is 6
3.Nucleon number for first isotope is 12
4.Nucleon number for second isotope is 14
5.Both isotope has different physical properties
6.Both isotope has same chemical properties
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
(b) (i) Naphthalene / acetamide 1
(ii) 1. Water
2. Melting point of X below than boiling point of
water / uniform heating
1
1
2
(iii) From 0 to t1 minutes
1. In solid state
2. Particles are closely packed and in orderly
arrangement
3. Kinetic energy of particles very low
4. Attraction force between particles very strong
From t1 to t2 minutes
1. In solid and liquid state
2. Some particle are closely packed and in orderly
manner and some particle are slightly lose packed
and in orderly manner
3. Kinetic energy of particles constant
From t2 to t3 minutes
1. In liquid state
2. Particles are closely packed and in orderly manner
3. Attraction forces between particles become weaker
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Max 9
(v) 1. correct curve
2. Label freezing point ( 80 o C )
Sample answer
1
1
2
TOTAL 20
Temperature (oC)
Time (min)
80 oC
6
No Explanation Sub Mark Total
Mark 10 (a) Electron arrangement of helium atom is 2 // Helium atom
has two valence electrons. Achieved a duplet electron arrangement. Helium atom will not gain, lose or share electrons with other
atoms.
Electron arrangement of chlorine atom is 2.8.7 // Chlorine
atom has seven valence electrons. Chlorine atom needs one electron to achieve the octet
electron arrangement. Thus, two chlorine atoms share one pair of electrons.
1 1 1
1
1
1
6
(b)(i)
Covalent compound
1
1 + 1
3
(b)(ii) Electron arrangement of magnesium atom is 2.8.2 Magnesium atom donate 2 electrons to achieve the stable
octet electron arrangement A positive ion / magnesium ion / Mg
2+ ion is formed //
Mg → Mg2+
+ 2e // [Diagram] Electron arrangement of chlorine atom 2.8.7 chlorine atom accepts 1 electron to achieve the stable octet
electron arrangement A negative ion / chloride ion / Cl
ion is formed //
Cl2 + 2e → 2Cl
// [Diagram]
Mg2+
and Cl ions are attracted to each other by a strong
electrostatic/ionic force.
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
7
(c) Naphthalene cannot conduct electricity/non-electrolyte. Naphthalene does not has ions // exist as molecule. Sodium chloride solution conduct electricity/ an electrolyte. In sodium chloride solution, sodium ions/Na
+ and chloride
ions/ Cl are free to move.
1 1 1
1
4
Total 20
C Cl Cl
Cl
Cl
7
No Explanation Sub Mark Total
Mark 11(a)(i) Al
3+ , Pb
4+ 1+ 1 4 (ii) Aluminium oxide
Lead(IV) oxide 1 + 1
(b)(i) (CH2O)n = 60 12n + 2n + 16n = 60 n = 2 Molecular formula = C2H4O2//CH3COOH
1
1 1
3
(ii) CaCO3 + 2CH3COOH (CH3COO)2Ca + H2O +
CO2 2 2
(c)(i) 1.Green solid turn Black 2. Lime water becomes cloudy
1 1
2
(ii) CaCO3 CaO + CO2 1 + 1 2 (iii) 1. mol of calcium carbonate decomposed into 1 mol of
calcium oxide and 1 mol of carbon dioxide 2. Calcium carbonate is in solid state, calcium oxide is in
solid state and carbon dioxide is in gaseous state
1
1
2
(iv) 1. No. of mole for CuCO3 = 12.4 / 124 = 0.1 mol
2. 1 mol of CuCO3 produces 1 mol of CuO
Therefor No. of mole for CuO = 0.1 mol
3. Mass of CuO = 0.1 X 80 g = 8 g
1 1
1
3
(v) Mass of oxygen is 0.8g
Simplest mol ratio : Cu : O = 3.2/64 : 0.8/16 = 1 : 1
1 1
2
Total 20
8
No Explanation Sub Mark Total
Mark 12(a)(i) Cation
Anion 1 1
5
(ii) Iron(III) ion and chloride ion 1 + 1 (iii) K2SO4 1 (b)(i) Lead(II) sulphate
Pb(NO3)2 + K2SO4 PbSO4 + 2KNO3 1
1 + 1 8
(ii) 1 mol of lead(II) nitrate reacts with 1mol of potassium
sulphate producing 1 mol of lead(II) sulphate and 2 mol of potassium
nitrate.
1
(iii) 1.No.of mol of K2SO4 = 10 x 0.5 = 0.005 mol 1000 2. 1 mol of K2SO4 producing 1 mol of PbSO4 No of mol PbSO4 = 0.005 mol 3. Mass of PbSO4 = 0.005 x 303= 1.52 g
1
1
1 + 1
(c)(i) 1.No.of mole:- C = 52.2/12 H = 13/1 O = 34.8/16 = 4.35 = 13 = 2.175 2. Mol Ratio:- C : H : O 4.35 / 2.175 : 13.0 / 2.175 : 2.175 / 2.175 Simplest mol ratio:- C : H : O 2 : 6 : 1 3. Empirical formula: C2H6O 4. (C2H6O)n = 46 (2 x12)n + (6 x1)n + (1x16)n = 46 5. n = 1 6. Molecular formula : C2H6O 7. Structural formula : H H H C – C – OH H H
1
1 1 1
1 1
1
7
Total 20
9
SECTION C
No Explanation Sub
Mark Total
Mark
13 (a)(i) Y more reactive 1 5 Atomic size of Y bigger than X // The number of shell
occupied with electron atom Y more than X. 1
The single valence electron becomes further away from the
nucleus. 1
the valence electron becomes weakly pulled by the nucleus. 1 The valence electron can be released more easily. 1
(ii) Name : Sodium 4Na + O2 2Na2O Chemical formulae Balance equation
1
1 1
3
(b) Put group1 metal into bottle that contain paraffin oil To avoid react with air
1 1
2
(c) Name : Sodium/any group 1 element Material : group 1 elements, water, Apparatus : forceps , knife, filter paper, basin, litmus
paper.
1
1
max10
[procedure] 3. Pour some water into the basin 4. Group 1 elements is take out from paraffin oil using
forceps 5. A small piece of group 1 element is cut using a small
knife 6. Oil on group 1 element is dried using a filter paper 7. The group 1 element is placed in the basin contain water. 8. Put litmus paper into water
1 1 1 1 1 1
[observation] 9. Color of red litmus paper turn to blue
1
[chemical equation ] Sample answer 2 Na + 2 H2O 2NaOH + H2
Chemical formulae Balance equation
1 1
Total 20
10
No Explanation Sub
Mark Total
Mark
14. (a) CO2 // any covalent compound covalent
Intermolecular forces are weak
Small amount of heat energy needed to overcomes the
forces
1
1
1
1
4
(b) X = 2.1 X = 2.2
Y = 2.7 // Y = 2.6 // suitable
electron aranggement
Ionic bond
to achieve octet electron arrangement
One atom of X donates 1 electron to form ion X+
One atom of Y receives an electron to form ion Y-
Ion X+ and ion Y
- are attracted together by the strong
electrostatic forces
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
7
(c) material and apparatus;
compound XY, Carbon electrode, cell, wire, crucible,
bulb/ammeter/galvanometer
Procedure
A crucible is filled with solid XY
Dipped two carbon electrode
Connect two electrode with connecting wire with bulb
Observed whether bulb glow
Heated the solid XY in the crucible
Observed whether bulb glow
Observation
Solid XY - bulb does not glow
Molten XY - bulb glow
Diagram
Functional diagram
labeled
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
9
TOTAL 20
11
No Explanation Sub Mark
Total Mark
15 (a) By burning metal P in the air/oxygen Because metal P is a reactive metal/ react actively with
oxygen/place higher than hydrogen in the reactivity series
1
1
2
(b)(i) Element Y O
1. Mass of element (g) 2.07g 0.32g
2. Number of moles 2.07
207
0.32
16
Ratio of moles 0.01 0.02
3. Simplest ratio of moles 1 2
Empirical formula of copper oxide : YO2
1
1
1
1
4
(ii) 1. Collect the gas into a test tube 2. Put/place a lighted wooden splinter at the mouth of the test tube 3. no pop sound,
1 1 1
3
1. Weigh A crucible and its lid
2. Clean the magnesium ribbon with sandpaper. 3. Weigh the crucible with its lid and content 4. Heat the crucible without its lid with a strong flame 5. When the magnesium ribbon starts to burns cover the crucible
with its lid. 6. Using a pair of tongs lift the lid a little at intervals (open once in
a while) (to allow oxygen from the air to enter for the
combustion of magnesium). 7. When the burning is complete, remove the lid and heat the
crucible strongly. 8. Allow the crucible to cool to room temperature with its lid still
on 9. Weigh the crucible with its lid and content again 10. Repeat the process of heating, cooling and weighing until a
constant mass is obtained. Record the constant mass obtained. 11.Result: Description Mass Mass of crucible + lid (a) = a g Mass of crucible + lid + magnesium ribbon (b) = b g Mass of crucible + lid + magnesium oxide(c) = c g 12.
Element Mg O
Mass of element
(g) (b-a) (c-b)
. Number of moles (b-a) 24
(c-b) 16
Ratio of moles x y
Or: Simplest ratio of
mole
1
1
13. Empirical formula of magnesium oxide: MgxOy / MgO
1 1 1 1 1
1
1
1
1 1
1
1
1
Max;
11
Total 20
12
No Explanation Sub Mark
Total Mark
16 (a) 1. Name of the c ompound is sulphur trioxide 2. Sulphur trioxide is made up of two elements, which is sulphur and oxygen 3.One sulphur atom combine with three oxygen atoms
1 1
1
3
(b)(i) Hydrochloric acid Calcium chloride n = 2
1 1 1
3
(ii) 1.No. of moles of HCl = 0.5 x 30 = 0.015 1000 2. 2 mol of HCl produces 1 mol of CO2 No. of moles of CO2 = 0.015/2 = 0.0075 mol 3. Volume of CO2 = 0.0075 x 24 = 0.18 dm
3
1
1
1 + 1`
4
(c) 1. Weigh a combustion tube with the porcelain dish in it and
record the reading. 2. Add a spatulaful of metal oxide on to the porcelain dish and
weigh the combustion tube again 3. Allow the dry hydrogen gas to flow .into the combustion
tube for 10 minutes to expell ( remove) all the air in the tube. 4. Collect a sample of gas from the small hole of the tube.
Introducing a burning splinter into the test tube. If there is no
“pop” sound, then all the air has been removed. Burn the
excess hydrogen gas. 5. Heat metal oxide strongly while the hydrogen gas is flowing. 6. Stop the heating when metal oxide turns completely from
green to grey. 7. Continue the flow of hydrogen gas until the set of apparatus
cools down to room temperature 8. Weigh the mass of the combustion tube with its content . 9. Repeat the heating, cooling and weighing process until a
constant mass is obtained. 10 Result: Mass of combustion tube + porcelain dish = a g Mass of combustion tube + porcelain dish + Metal oxide (b)
= b g Mass of combustion tube + porcelain dish + Metal M
= c g 11.
Element M O S1: Mass of M (c-a) (b-c) S3: No. of moles c-a
56 b-c 16
S3: Ratio of moles x
y
S4: Simplest ratio of
moles
1 1
12.Therefore: Empirical formula of copper oxide : MxOy/MO
1
1
1
1
1 1
1
1 1
1
1
1
Max:
11
Total 20
13
SET 2
SECTION A
No Explanation Sub Mark Total
Mark 1(a) Chemical to electrical energy 1 1 (b) Cu
2+ , H
+ , OH
- and SO4
2- 1 1 (c) (i) zinc 1 1
(ii) Zinc more electropositive than copper// zinc above copper in
the Electrochemical series. 1 1
(d)(i) Brown solid deposited // Copper becomes thicker. 1 1 (ii) Cu
2+ + 2e→ Cu 1 1
(e) Blue to colourless // Blue become fade /paler // The intensity
of blue colour decreases The number of copper(II)ions decreases // The concentration
of copper(II)ions decreases
1
1
2
(f)(i) Cu , R , Q ,P 1 1 (ii) 1.5V 1 1
Total 10
No Explanation Sub Mark Total
Mark
2(a)(i) Redox reaction // oxidation and reduction 1 1
(ii) Zn + 2Fe3+ Zn
2+ + 2Fe
2+ [Correct chemical formulae of reactants and products] [Balance the equation correctly.]
1 1
2
(iii) Sodium hydroxide solution is added slowly into the solution
until in excess. Green precipitate that is insoluble in excess sodium
hydroxide solution is produced//White precipitate that is
soluble in excess sodium hydroxide to produce colourless
solution.
1
1
2
(b)(i) Pink colouration / spot is observed 1 1
(ii) Blue colouration / spot is observed 1 1
(c) When iron is in contact with zinc, iron does not rust. When iron is in contact with copper, iron rusts.
1 1
2
(d) Apply grease on the surface//apply paint on the surface //
galvanising // tin plating 1 1
Total 10
14
SECTION B
No Explanation Sub
Mark Total
Mark
3(a)(i) Cathode : hydrogen Anode : Chlorine
Electrode Cathode Anode
Ions that are
attracted
Mg2+
and H+ Cl
- and OH
-
Ions that are
selectively
discharged
H+ Cl
-
Reason H+ is lower in the
electrochemical
series.
Concentration of Cl-
higher than OH-
Half
equation
2H+ + 2e→H2 2Cl
- → Cl2 + 2e
1
1
1+1
1+1
1+1
1+1
10
(ii) cathode : hydrogen anode : oxygen
1
1
2
(b)
Aspect Cell X Cell Y
Types of cells Electrolytic cell Voltaic cell
Energy
changes
Electrical to chemical Chemical to electrical
Name of
electrodes
Anode : Copper
Cathode : Copper
Positive electrode :
Copper
Negative electrode:
Magnesium
Ions in the
electrolyte
Cu2+
,H+ ,SO
2-4 , OH
- Cu
2+ ,H
+ ,SO
2-4 , OH
-
Half equations Anode :
Cu→Cu2+
+ 2e
Cathode :
Cu2+
+ 2e→ Cu
Negative electrode :
Mg→Mg2+
+ 2e
Positive electrode:
Cu2+
+ 2e→ Cu
Observations Anode : Copper
becomes thinner
Cathode :brown solid
deposited//copper
becomes thicker
Positive electrode:
brown solid
deposited//copper
becomes thicker
Negative electrode :
Magnesium become
thinner.
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
8
Total 20
15
No Explanation Sub
Mark Total
Mark
4(a)(i) Oxidation number of sodium is +1 Oxidation number of lead is + 4
1
1
2
(ii) Na2 O – Sodium oxide PbO2 – Lead(IV) oxide
1
1
2
(b)(i) Metal P = Copper Metal Q = Zinc
1
1
10
(ii) Experiment 1 Iron rust Iron more electropositive than copper // Iron above copper
in the electrochemical series Fe→ Fe
2+ + 2e
Experiment 2 Iron does not rust // The solution is alkaline Iron less electropositive than zinc // Iron below zinc in the
electrochemical series. O2 + 2H2O + 4e→ 4OH
-
1
1
1+1
1
1
1+1
(c) Sample answer Metal X : Magnesium Magnesium atom releases two electrons to form magnesium ion Magnesium is oxidized to magnesium ion/ undergoes oxidation Magnesium is a reducing agent Copper (II) ion accepts two electrons to form copper atom Copper (II) ion is reduced to copper atom/ undergoes reduction Copper (II) ion is an oxidizing agent
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Max 5
Total 20
16
SECTION C
No Explanation Sub Mark Total
Mark
5(a) Electrode X : Hydrogen Electrode Y : Oxygen
1
1
2
(b) Electrode X Y
Ions that are
attracted to Na
+ , H
+ SO42-
, OH -
Name of ions
that are
selectively
discharged
Hydrogen ion hydroxide ion
Reason -
Position of OH- is
lower than SO42-
in
the electrochemical
series
1+1
1+1
1
5
(c) [Sample answer : Sulphuric acid // any suitable solution ] 2H
+ + 2e→ H2
1
1+1
3
(d) [Sample answer : metal A = Copper ;A nitrate solution =
Copper(II) nitrate solution or any suitable answer ] 1 10
1. [Functional set up of apparatus]
2. [Label : Zinc , copper , zinc nitrate solution , copper(II)
nitrate solution and porous pot]
3. [Mark of negative electrode – zinc plate
Mark of positive electrode – copper plate]
4. [Mark of the electron flow from zinc to copper]
1
1
1
1
Put/fill/pour zinc nitrate solution a beaker.
Put copper(II) nitrate solution into a porous pot.
Put the porous pot into the beaker.
Dip/put zinc plate into zinc nitrate solution.
Dip/put copper plate into copper(II) nitrate solution.
Connect the wire // complete the circuit.
1 1 1 1 1 1
Total 20
Copper plate Zinc plate
Copper(II) nitrate Zinc nitrate
Porous pot
17
No Explanation Sub Mark Total
Mark
6(a) Reaction II is a redox reaction Oxidation number of magnesium changes from 0 to +2 Oxidation number of zinc changes from +2 to 0 No change in oxidation number of elements in reaction I
1
1
1
1
4
(b) Reactivity of metals in descending order is Q, carbon, R, P Experiment I Reaction between carbon and oxide of metal P occurs carbon
is more reactive than metal P Experiment II Reaction between carbon and oxide of metal Q does not
occur, metal Q is more reactive than carbon Experiment III Reaction between carbon and oxide of metal R occurs carbon is more reactive than metal R Reaction between carbon and oxide of metal P more
vigorous than reaction between carbon and oxide of metal R Metal P is less reactive than metal R.
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
Sample answer Fe
3+→Fe
2+ Magnesium as a reducing agent Add magnesium to iron(III) chloride solution Heat the mixture Filter the mixture Add sodium hydroxide solution Green precipitate is formed Fe
2+ →Fe
3+ Chlorine as an oxidizing agent Add chlorine water to solution containing Fe
2+
Stir the mixture Add sodium hydroxide solution Brown precipitate is formed
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Max 10
Total 20
18
SET 3
SECTION A
No. Answer Mark 1 (a) (i) Solution in test tube C 1
(ii) 1. Solution in test tube A
2. Concentration of H+ ion in test tube A is the highest
1 1
(b) 1. Higher than pH value of 0.1 moldm-3
HCl // The pH is ¾/5/6
2. Ethanoicacis is a weak acid// Etanoic acid ionizes partially in water to produce
low concentration of hydrogen ion
3. The lower the concentration, the higher the pH value
1 1
1
(c ) (i) Magnesium chloride and hydrogen 1
(ii) Mg + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2
1. Correct formula of reactant and product
2. Balanced equation
1 1
(iii) No of mole, HCl = 0.1 x 5 / 1000 = 0.0005 mol Based on balanced equation, 2 mol of HCl : 1 mol of H2
0.0005 mol of HCl : 0.00025 mol of H2 // mol of H2 = 0.005/2 = 0.0025 Volume of hydrogen gas = 0.00025 x 24 dm
3
= 0.006 dm3 // 6 cm
3
1
1 1
(d) White precipitate 1
TOTAL 13
No. Answer Mark 2 (a) (i) Solvent P: Water
Solvent Q: methyl benzene / propanone / suitable organic solvent
1 1
(ii) Effervescence / gas released // magnesium ribbon become thinner
1
(iii) 1. In the presence of solvent P/water , ethanoic acid ionize to form H+ ion.
2. H+ ion causes the ethanoic acid to show its acidic properties
3. In solvent Q, ethanoic acid exist as molecule// hydrogen ion does not present
1 1 1
(b) (i) 1. pH value increase / bigger 2. Concentration of acid is lower
1 1
(ii) (0.5)(V) = (0.04)(250) // V = 20 cm
3
1
1
V =0.04 × 250
0.5
19
3
(a) Alkali that ionize/dissociate completely in water to produce high concentration of
hydroxide ions. 1 1
(b) Alkaline / alkaline solution 1 1
(c) P: ion
Q: molecule 1 1
2
(d) No
Because there are no hydroxide ions in the solution// ammonia exist in the form of
molecule.
1 1
2
(e) (i) Colourless gas bubbles are released.// effervescence 1 1
(ii) Mg + 2HCl MgCl2 + H2 1. Correct formula 2. Balanced equation
1
1
2
(iii) Mol of Mg = 2.4/24 // 0.1 mol
Volume of H2 = 0.1 24 dm3 = 2.4 dm
3
1
1
2
Total 11
No. Answer Sub Mark Mark 4 (a)(i) Pink to colourless
1
1
(ii) 1. Correct formula 2. Balanced equation
H2SO4 + 2KOHK2SO4 + H2O
1 1
2
(iii)
ConcentrationKOH= 2 ×0.1 X 15
25
= 0.12 moldm
-3
1
1
2
(b)(i) Potassium sulphate 1 1 (ii) Mol of H2SO4=
0.1 X 15
1000 // 0.0015
1 mole H2SO4 produce 1 mole K2SO4 // 0.0015 mole H2SO4 produce 0.0015 mole K2SO4 Mass Salt X = 0.0015 X 174 = 0.261 g
1
1
1
3
I(i) 30 cm3 // double 1 1
(ii) 1. H2SO4 is diprotic acid while HNO3 is monoprotic acid 2. Number of mole H
+ ion in HNO3 is half compare to H2SO4
1 1
2
Total 12
20
NO ANSWER MARK
5 (a) (i) Green
(ii) Double decomposition reaction/ precipitation reaction
1
1
(b) (i) carbon dioxide
(ii) CuCO3 → CuO + CO2
1. Reactants and products are correct
2. Equation is balanced
(iii)
- Labelled diagram
- Functional
1
1
1
1
1
(c) (i) Sulphuric acid // H2SO4 1
(ii)
mol CuCO3 = 12.4/124 = 0.1 mol
ratio CuCO3 : CuSO4
1 : 1
Mol of CuSO4 = 0.1 x 135g
Mass = 13.5g
1
1
1
10
No. Answer Mark
6 (a) Mg + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2 1+1
(b) (i) 0.4/24 = 0.0167 mol 1
(ii) The number of mole of HCl = MV/1000 = 1x 50/1000 = 0.05 mol 1
(c) From the chemical equation 1 mol of magnesium produce 1 mol hydrogen
If 0.0167 mol produce 0.0167 mol hydrogen
Volume of hydrogen = 0.0167 x 24 dm3= 0.4 dm
3/ 400 cm
3
1
1
(d) I 400 /100 =4 cm3s
-1
II 400 /60 = 6.67 cm3s
-1
1
1
(e) As catalyst 1
(f) The temperatureof hydrochloric acid
The concentration of hydrochloric acid
1
1
TOTAL 11
Copper(II)
carbonate
Lime water
Heat
21
7 Marks
a i. Catalyst 1…1
ii. Change in total mass of conical flask and its content 1....1
b i. V cm3 // same volume
No. of moles of HCl used is the same // catalyst does not increase the
quantity of product
1
1…2
ii.
Same volume – 1
Gradient of curve for Expt II steeper than Expt 1 -1
1
1….2
iii
.
1. Catalyst lowers the activation energy // provides an alternative reaction
pathway that requires lower activation anergy
2. Frequency of effective between H+ and zinc atom increases
3. Rate of reaction increases
1
1
1…..3
c.
1…..1
10
Time / s
Volume of gas
released/ cm3 Key :
Experiment I :
Experiment II : …
…..
Time/s
Volume of
carbon
dioxide /cm3
Experiment A
Experiment B
Experiment C
Graph 5
22
No. Answer Mark 8 (a) The amount heat change/released when 1 mol of copper is displaced by
magnesium from copper(II) sulphate solution 1
(b) Higher rate of reaction // Reaction is faster
1
(c) Correct formulae of reactants Correct formulae of products
Mg
2+ + Zn → Mg + Zn
2+
1 1
(d)(i) H = 50 x 4.2 x 5 J // 1050 J // 1.05 kJ (r: without unit)
1
(ii) n = // 0.025
1
(iii) ∆H = //
0.025 mol CuSO4 produce 1050J 1 mol CuSO4 produce 1050 0.025 = - 42 000 J mol
-1 // - 42 kJ mol
-1 (r: without unit)
1
1
1
(e) Arrow upward with label energy and two levels Correct position of reactans and products Energy Cu
2+ + Mg
ΔH = -42kJ mol-1
Cu + Mg
2+
1 1
(f) Reduce heat loss to surrounding. [r:prevent]
1
TOTAL 12
0.5 x 50
1000
1050
0.025
1.05
0.025
23
9(a) Heat released when 1 mol of metal/copper is displaced from its salt solution by a
more electropositive metal/zinc 1
(b) To reduce heat lost to the surrounding 1
(c) Exothermic 1
(d)(i) Q= 50 X 4.2 X8 //1680 J //1.68 kJ 1
(ii) Mol CuSO4 = 50 x0.2 /1000 // 0.01 Heat of displacement= -1.68 ÷ 0.01 // -168 kJ mol
-1 1 1
(e)
Arrow upword with label energy and two label - 1m Correct potion of reactant and product - 1m ΔH = -168kJ mol
-1 - 1m
1
1
1
(f)(i) Same//8 0 C 1
(ii) Heat produce/released is double
the heat released is distributed over a volume of solution which is
doubled
1 1
12
10(a) - Heat released when one mol of propanol burnt in excess oxygen 1
(b) - The reaction is an exothermic reaction /heat released to the surroundings
- 1 mole of propanol burnt in excess oxygen released 2015 kJ of heat energy
1
1
(c)(i) No. of mol of C3H7OH= 1.2/60 // 0.02 …..1 Heat released= 2015 X 0.02 =40.3 kJ//40300 J …..1
1
1
(ii) Ө = 40.3 x 1000 // 40300 200 x 4.2 200 x 4.2 …..1 Ө = 47.98
0C ……1
1
1 (d ) Energy
C3H7OH + 9/2 O2 ∆H = -2015 kJ mol
-1
3CO2 + 4H2O
l. Arrow upwards with energy labeled and two energy level shown 2. Reactants and products are at the correct energy level 3. ∆ H = -2015 kJ mol
-1 ( the value , unit and position)
1
1
1
(e) Use wind shield//use thin copper can//never use wire gauze//stir the water with
thermometer//weigh the spirit lamp immediately before and after burning 1
Energy
Zn 2+
+ Cu
//nSO4Z
Zn + Cu 2+
//Zn + CuSO4
∆H = -168 kJ mol-1
24
(f) 1.The heat of combustion of ethanol is higher 2.Number of carbon atoms per molecule in ethanol is higher 3. more carbon dioxide and water molecules are produced 4. more heat is released from the formation of bond in carbon dioxide and water
molecules max 3
1 1
1
1 max
3
TOTAL
14
SECTION B
No. Answer Sub Mark Mark 11 (a)(i) [Label of axes with units]
[All points are transferred correctly] [Correct shape of the graph and constant scale]
1 1 1
3
(ii) 2.5 cm3 (r: without unit)
moles of Pb
2+ ions = // 0.0025
moles of I
- ions = // 0.005
0.0025 mol Pb
2+ : 0.005 mol I
- 1 mol Pb
2+ : 2 mol I
- Correct formulae of reactants and product Balanced equation Pb
2+ + 2I
- → PbI2
1
1
1
1 1
1 1
7
(b)(i) Salt J : lead(II) nitrate // Pb(NO3)2 X oxide : lead(II) oxide // PbO Gas Y : nitrogen dioxide // NO2 Gas Z : oxygen // O2 Yellow precipitate : lead(II) iodide // PbI2
1 1 1 1 1
5
(ii) Nitrate ion Add sulphuric acid Add iron(II) sulphate solution Slowly and carefully add concentrated sulphuric acid Brown ring formed
1 1 1 1 1
5
TOTAL 20
1.0x 2.5 1000
1.0x 5 1000
25
No. Answer Sub
Mark Mark
12(a)(i) Carbonate ion // CO32-
1 1
(ii)
Salt S : Copper(II) carbonate // CuCO3
Compound T: Copper(II) oxide // CuO
Gas U: Carbon dioxide // CO2
Compound W: Copper(II) sulphate // CuSO4
1
1
1
1
4
(b)
1. Correct formulae of reactants and products
2. Balanced equation
CuO + H2SO4→ CuSO4 + H2O
1
1
2
1. Add sodium hydroxide solution
2. Blue precipitate formed indicate the presence of Cu+ ion
3. Add hydrochloric acid
4. Add barium chloride solution
5. White precipitate formed indicate the presence of SO42-
ion
1
1
1
1
1
5
(d)(i) Salt X : Barium sulphate
Salt Y: Copper(II) nitrate
1
1
2
(ii) White precipitate
Double decomposition reaction
1
1
2
(iii)
Ba2+
+ SO42-
→ BaSO4
Number of mol Ba2+
= 0.1 x 50
1000 // 0.005
1 mol Ba2+
produce 1 mol BaSO4 //
0.005 mol Ba2+
produce 0.005 mol BaSO4
Mass BaSO4 = 0.005 x 233 g // 1.165 g
1
1
1
1
4
TOTAL 20
26
No. Answer Sub Mark Mark 13 (a)(i) 1. copper(II) oxide and carbon dioxide
2. Correct formulae of reactants and products
3. Balanced equation
CuCO3→CuO + CO2
1 1 1
3
(ii) 1. Yellow precipitate
2. Lead(II) iodide and potassium nitrate
3. Correct formulae of reactants and products
4. Balanced equation
Pb(NO3)2 + 2KI → PbI2 + 2KNO3
1 1 1 1
4
(b) Test for cation
1. Pour aluminium nitrate solution and zinc nitrate solution
into two different test tube
2. Add ammonia aqueous solution until excess
3. White precipitate insoluble indicate the presence of Al3+
4. White precipitate dissolve in excess ammonia aqueous
indicate the presence of Zn2+
ion
Test for anion
5. Pour aluminium nitrate solution and zinc nitrate solution
into two different test tube
6. Add sulphuric acid and iron(II) sulphate solution
7. Slowly and carefully add concentrated sulphuric acid
8. Brown ring formed indicate the presence of NO3- ion
1
1 1
1
1 1 1 1
8
(c)(i) 1. Correct formulae of reactants and products
2. Balanced equation
CuO + H2SO4 → CuSO4 + H2O
1 1
2
(ii)
Mol of H2SO4 = 1.0 x 25
1000 // 0.025
1 mole of H2SO4 produce 1 mole of CuSO4 // 0.025 mole of H2SO4 produce 0.025 mole of CuSO4 Mass of CuSO4 = 0.025 X [64 + 32 + 4(16)] = 4g
1
1
1
3
Total 20
27
No. Answer Mark
14 (a) (i) Size of the solid reactant
Concentration of the solution
Temperature of the reaction mixture
Catalyst
1
1
1
1 …..4
(ii) Temperature : 450-550oC
Catalyst : iron powder
Pressure : 200 atm
1
1
1…...3
(b) (i) The axes are labeled together with its unit
The scale is correct
The points are transferred correctly
The curve is smooth
1
1
1
1…..4
(ii) Average rate of reaction for experiment I = 26.0
210
= 0.12 cm3 s
-1
Average rate of reaction for experiment II = 26.0
150
= 0.17 cm3 s
-1
[correct unit]
1
1
1
1…..4
(iii) 1. The rate of reaction for Experiment II is higher than in Experiment I
2. The concentration of HCl in Experiment II is more/higher than in
Experiment I
3. The number of hydrogen ion/ H+ per unit volume of the solution in
Experiment II is more than in Experiment I
4. The frequency of collisions between hydrogen ion and calcium
carbonate in Experiment II is higher than in Experiment I
5. The frequency of effective collisions hydrogen ion and calcium
carbonate in Experiment II is higher than in Experiment I
1
1
1
1
1…..5
TOTAL 20
28
No. Answer Mark
15 (a) Use magnesium powder
Increse the concentration sulphuric acid
Increase the temperature of the reaction mixture
Use copper(II) sulphate as catalyst [any 3 of the above]
1
1
1
1…..3
(b) (i) Manganese(IV) oxide/ copper(II) oxide/ lead(IV) oxide 1. …1
(ii) 1. Changes / alters the rate of a reaction
2. Require in small amount
3. Does not increase the quantitiy of products formed
4. Remain chemically unchanged at the end of the reaction
[Any of the 2]
1
1
1
1…..2
(iii) Conditions Justification
Vanadium(V) oxide As a catalyst // to increase the rate of reaction
450 – 500 oC Optimum temperature to maximise the amount of
products at a resaonable rate of reaction
1 atm Not economical to use high pressure as the yield is
low
Any two of the conditions [2 + 2]
1+1
1+1
1+1
……4
(c) 1. Rate of reaction decreases with time
2. Concentration of hydrochloric acid solution and
3. total surface area of calcium carbonate decreases with time
1
1
1…..3
(d) Materials :”20-volumes” hydrogen peroxide, manganes(IV) oxide
Apparatus : test-tubes, measuring cylinder, test-tube rack, glowing splinters
Procedure : 1. Measure 5 cm
3 “20-volumes” of hydrogen peroxide solution and pour into
test-tube labeled A and B.
2. Add half spatula of manganese(IV) oxide into testt-tube B.
3. Insert a glowing splinter into test-tube A and B respectively
4. Record observations
Test-tube Observation
A (without catalyst) Glowing splinter does not relight
B (with catalyst) Glowing splinter relights
Conclusion :
The presence of catalyst manganese(IV) oxide increases the rate of
decompositionof hydrogen peroxide.
1…..1
1
1
1
1…..4
1…..1
1…..1
TOTAL 20
29
16 (a) (i) Characteristic
Figure 16.1(i)
Figure 16.2(ii)
Type of chemical
reaction Exothermic reaction
Endothermic reaction
Energy content of
reactants and
products
The energy content in
the reactants more
than the energy content
in the products
The energy content in the
reactants less than the
energy content in the
products
Ionic equation
Mg + Fe2+
Mg2+
+
Fe Ca
2+ + CO3
2- CaCO3
1 + 1
1 + 1
1 + 1
(ii) Number of moles of FeSO4 = MV 1000 = (0.2)(50) = 0.01 mol 1000 Heat change = 0.01 x 200 kJ = 2 kJ // 2000 J Heat change = mcθ θ = 2000 (50)(4.2) θ = 9.5
oC
1
1 1
(b) 1. 1 mole of silver nitrate solution ionise to produce 1 mole of Ag+ ion and 1 mole of
sodium chloride solution ionise to produce 1 mole of Cl- ion
2. The heat of reaction of silver chloride is heat that released when 1 mole of Ag+ ion
react with 1 mole Cl- ion // Ag
+ + Cl
- AgCl
3. 0.5 mole of magnesium chloride ionise to produce 1 mole of Cl- ion
4. Number of mole of Cl- ion in 1 mole of sodium chloride same as number of mole
of Cl- ion in half mol of magnesium chloride
5. Half of the mole of magnesium chloride produces 1 mole of Cl- ion
6. Number of mole of Cl- ion in 1 mole of sodium chloride same as number of mole
of Cl- ion in half mol of magnesium chloride
1
1 1 1 1 1 Max 4
(c) (i) Heat change = mcθ = (100)(4.2)(42.2 – 30.2) = 5040 J / 5.04 kJ Number of moles of HCl / H
+ ion = (50)(2)
1000 = 0.1 mol Number of moles of NaOH / OH
- ion = (50)(2)
1000 = 0.1 mol The heat of neutralization = 5.04 0.1 ΔH = - 50.4 kJ mol
-1
1
1
1
(ii) 12.0 oC // same
Number of mole of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide is double Number of mole of water produced is also doubled Heat released is also doubled The heat relased per unit volume of solution is the same // Heat released is
used to increase the volume of solution which is also double
1 1 1 1 1 max 4
30
SECTION C
No. Answer Sub Mark Mark 17 (a) 1. H2SO4
2. 1 mol acid ionises in water to produce 2 mol of H+
3. HCl // HNO3 // H2SO4
4. Acid that ionises completely in water to produce high concentration of H+
1 1 1 1
4
(b) 1. Sodium hydroxide is strong alkali 2. Ammonia is weak alkali 3. Sodium hydroxide ionises completely in water to produce high
concentration of OH- ion
4. Ammonia ionises partially in water to produce low concentration of OH-
ion 5. Concentration of OH
- ion in sodium hydroxide is higher than in ammonia
6. The higher the concentration of OH- ion the higher the pH value
1 1 1
1
1 1
6
(c) 1. Volumetric flask used is 250 cm3
2. Mass of potassium hydroxide needed = 0.25 X 56 = 14 g 3. Weigh 14g of KOH in a beaker 4. Add water 5. Stir until all KOH dissolve 6. Pour the solution into volumetric flask 7. Rinse beaker, glass rod and filter funnel. 8. Add water 9. when near the graduation mark, add water drop by drop until the graduation
mark 10. Close the volumetric flask and shake the solution
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1
10
Total 20
No. Answer Marks
18(a) (i) CuSO4 // FeSO4 // HgCl – used as pesticides to destroy pests 1 + 1 2
(ii) Sodium chloride – to add flavour to food //
Sodium hydrogen carbonate – used in baking cakes and breads
1 + 1
2
(iii) Calcium sulphates esquihydrate – used to make cement casts to encase
fractured bones.
Barium sulphate – used on X-ray plates to identify tumours in the
intestines.
(Accept other relevant answers)
1 + 1
2
(b) 1. Pour [20-100cm3] of zinc nitrate solution [0.1-1.0mol dm
-3] into a
beaker
2. Add [20-100cm3] of sodium carbonate solution [0.1-1.0]mol dm
-3
3. Stir the mixture
4. Filter the mixture
5. wash the residue
6. Zn(NO3)2 + Na2CO3ZnCO3 + 2NaNO3
7. Pour [20-100cm3][0.1-1.0mol dm
-3]sulphuric acid into a beaker
8. Add the residue/ zinc carbonate into the acid until in excess
9. Stir the mixtureand filter
10. Heat the filtrate until saturated
11. Cool the solution
12. Filter
13.dry the crystal by pressing between two filter paper
14. ZnCO3 + H2SO4 ZnSO4 + H2O + CO2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 14
Total 20
31
Marks
19 a 2H+ + S2O3
2- S + SO2 + H2O
All formulae correct - 1 Balanced equation - 1
2…..2
b Rate of reaction = fixed mass of sulphur formed 1
per unit time 1
1
1…..2
c
Factor Effect
Concentration of
hydrochloric acid /
sodium thiosulpate
solution
The higher the concentration of hydrochloric acid /
sodium thiosulpate solution, the higher the rate of
reaction.
Temperature of
hydrochloric acid /
sodium thiosulpate
solution
The higher the temperature of hydrochloric acid /
sodium thiosulpate solution, the higher the rate of
reaction
Any two of the factors and correct corresponding effect from above
1+1
1+1
… 4
d 1. Measure 50 cm3 of 1.0 mole dm
-3 sodium thiosulphate solution using a 50 cm
3
measuring cylinder and pour into a conical flask.
2. Place the conical flask on a piece of paper with the mark “X”.
3. Measure 5 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm
-3 hydrochloric acid using another 10 cm
3 measuring
cylinder.
4. Pour the acid into the conical flask quickly and carefully, at the same time start the
stop-watch
5. Swirl the mixture in the conical flask quickly
6. Observe the “X” mark on the filter paper vertically above through the solution
7. Stop the stop watch and record the time taken when the mark “X” is not visible
through the mixture
8. Repeat step 1- 7 by using the volume of sodium thiosulphate solution, distilled
water and acid as shown
Expt Volume of
Na2S2O3 solution
/ cm3
Volume of
distilled water/
cm3
Volume of
hydrochloric acid
/ cm3
Time taken
for mark “X”
to disappear /
s
1 50 0 5
2 40 10 5
3 30 20 5
4 25 30 5
5 10 40 5
10. Plot a graph of concentration against time // 1/time
11. Graph
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1/Time/s
Concentration
of
Na2S2O3,
mol dm-3-
32
12. Conclusion :
As concentration of Na2S2O3 solution increases, the rate of reaction with
hydrochloric acid increases // The higher the concentration of Na2S2O3
solution, the higher the rate of reaction with hydrochloric acid
OR To investigate the effect of temperature on the rate of reaction
1. Measure 50 cm3 of 1.0 mole dm
-3 sodium thiosulphate solution using a 50
cm3 measuring cylinder and pour into a conical flask and record the
temperature of sodium thiosulphatesolution.using a thermometer.
2. Place the conical flask on a piece of paper with the mark “X”.
3. Measure 5 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm
-3 hydrochloric acid using another 10 cm
3
measuring cylinder.
4. Pour the acid into the conical flask quickly and carefully, at the same time
start the stop-watch
5. Swirl the mixture in the conical flask quickly
6. Observe the “X” mark on the filter paper vertically above through the
solution
7. Stop the stop watch and record the time taken when the mark “X” is not
visible through the mixture
8. Repeat step 1- 7 by using heating sodiumthiosulphate solution to 35oC,
40oC, 45
oC, 50
oC respectively at step 2. All other condition remains
unchanged.
Expt Temperature of
Na2S2O3 solution
/ oC
Time taken for
mark “X” to
disappear / s
Values of
1/time, s-1
1 25.0
2 35.0
3 40.0
4 45.0
5 50.0
9. Plot a graph of temperature of sodium thiosulphate against time // 1/time
10. Graph
11. Conclusion :
As the temperature of Na2S2O3 solution increases, the rate of reaction with
hydrochloric acid increases // The higher the temperature of Na2S2O3
solution, the higher the rate of reaction with hydrochloric acid
1….12
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1….12
Total 20
1/Time/s
Temperature
of
Na2S2O3, oC
33
No. Answer Marks
20 (a) (i) Experiment I – hydrochloric acid Experiment II – sulphuric acid
Mg + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2
1
2....3
(ii) The number of mole of HCl = MV/1000
= 1.0 x 50 = 0.05 mol
1000 or
The number of mole of H2SO4 = MV/1000
= 1.0 x 50 = 0.05 mol
1000
1…1
(iii) The rate of reaction is the change of volume of hydrogen gas per unit time 1…1
(b) (i)
1. Curve with label
2. Axis with title and correct unit
1
1…2
(ii) 1. Sulphuric acid in experiment II is diprotic acid, hydrochloric acid in experiment
I is monoprotic acid//Concentration of hydrogen ion, H+ in experiment II is
higher than experiment I
2. The number of hydrogen ion per unit volume in experiment II is higher than
experiment I
3. Frequency of collisions between hydrogen ions and magnesium atoms in
experiment II is higher than experiment I
4. Frequency of effective collisions between hydrogen ions and magnesium atoms
in experiment II is higher than experiment I
5. Rate of reaction in experiment II is higher than experiment I
1
1
1
1
1…5
(c) Diagram : Functional apparatus set-up
Label correctly
Procedure :
1. A burette is filled with water and inverted over a basin containing water.
The burette is clamped vertically to the retort stand.
2. The water level in the burette is adjusted and the initial burette reading is
recorded.
3. 50 cm3 of 0.2 moldm
-3 hydrochloric acid / sulphuric acid is measured and
poured into a conical flask
4. 4. 5 cm of magnesium ribbon are added into the conical flask
5. 5. Close conical flask immediately with the stopper fitted with
delivery tube.
6. At the same time the stopwatch is started shake the conical flask.
7. The burette readings are recorded at 30 second intervals for 5 minutes
Time/s 0 30 60 90 120 150 180
Volume of gas / cm3
1
1…..2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Max.. 5
……1
TOTAL 20
Experiment II
Time/s
Experiment I
Volume of hydrogen/ cm3
34
21 (a) (i)
(ii)
Heat change = mc = (25+25)(4.2)(33-29) = 445 J Heat of precipitation of AgCl = - 445 / 0.0125 = -35600 J mol
-1 // 35.6 kJ mol
-1
1. The position and name /formulae of reactants and products are
correct.
2. Label for the energy axis and arrow for two levels are shown.
1
1
1
1 ..…. 4
(b) (i)
(ii)
1. Hydrochoric acid is a strong acid and ethanoic acid is a weak
acid.
2. Hydrochloric acid ionised completely in water to produce
higher concentration
of H+ ion
3. Ethanoic acid ionised partially in water to produce lower
concentration of H+ ion.
4. During neutralisation reaction, some of the heat released are
absorbed by CH3COOH to ionise to produce hydrogen ion
- Sulphuric acid is a diproctic acid and hydrochloric acid
is a monoprotic acid.
- Concentration/ number of hydrogen in sulphuric acid is
double compared to that in hydrochloric acid
- The number water molecules produced in experiment III
is compared experiment I
1 1
1 1…Max 3
1 1 1 …… 3
(c) Apparatus : Polystyrene cup, thermometer, measuring
cylinder.
Materials : Copper (II) sulphate, CuSO4 solution, zinc
powder.
Procedures :
1. Measure 25 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm
-3 copper (II) sulphate,
CuSO4 solution and pour it into a polystyrene cup.
2. Put the thermometer in the polystyrene cup and record the
initial temperature of the solution.
3. Add half a spatula of zinc powder quickly and carefully
into the polystyrene cup.
4. Stir the mixture with the thermometer.
5. Record the highest temperature .
Tabulation of data:
1
1….2
1
1
1 1 1………5
Energy
AgNO3 + NaCl
AgCl + NaNO3
H = -35.6 kJ mol-1
35
Initial temperature of CuSO4 solution (oC) 1
Highest temperature of the reaction mixture (oC) 2
Temperature change (oC) 2 - 1
Calculation : Number of mole of CuSO4 = MV/1000 = (0.2)(25)/1000 = 0.005 mol
Heat change = mc(2 - 1) = x J Heat of displacement = x / 0.005 kJ mol-1 = y kJ mol-1
1
1 1
1……. 3 Max : 10
TOTAL 20
No. Answer Mark
23 (a) 1. Exothermic reaction is a reaction that releases heat to the surrounding
2. The total energy content of the products is lower than the total energy content of the
reactants
3. Endothermic reaction is a reaction that absorbs heat from the surrounding
4. The total energy content of the products is higher than the total energy content of the
reactants
1
1
1
1
(b) 1. Heat energy is absorbed from surrounding //It is an endothermic reaction
2. Total energy content of C and D/ product is higher than total energy content of A and
B/ reactants
3. When reaction occurs, the temperature of the mixture of solutions increases /
becomes hot
4. X kJ heat is absorbed when one mol A reacts completely with one mol of B.
5. A reacts with B to form C and D //A and B are the reactants while C and D are the
products
6. (any 4 of the above)
1
1
1
1
(c) .
1. 1 mole of silver nitrate solution ionise to produce 1 mole of Ag+ ion
2. 1 mole of sodium chloride solution ionise to produce 1 mole of Cl- ion
3. One of mole of potassium chloride also ionise to produce 1 mole of Cl- ion
4. The heat of precipitation of silver chloride is heat that released when 1 mole of AgCl
is formed from the reaction between Ag+ ion and Cl
- ion // Ag
+ + Cl
- AgCl
5. Number of mole of AgCl produced in both reactions are the same, heat released are
the same.
1
1
1
1
1
Max 4
(d) Materials : calcium nitrate solution, sodium carbonate solution
Procedures :
1. Measure 50 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm
3 calcium nitrate and 50 cm
3 of 1.0 mol dm
-3
sodium carbonate solution separately and poured into two different plastic cups
2. Measure and record the initial temperature of both solutions after 5 minutes.
3. Pour quickly and carefully calcium nitrate solution into the plastic cup that
contains sodium carbonate solution and
4. Stir the mixture
5. Measure and record the lowest temperature reached
Tabulation of data :
1
1
1
1
1
1
5 max 4
36
……1
Calculation :
No. of moles of CaCO3 = No. of moles of Ca(NO3)2
= mv/1000 = 1.0(50)/1000 = 0.05 ……..1
heat change = mc(Ө4 – Ө3) ……..1
= x kJ
heat of reaction = + x kJmol-1
……..1
0.05
= + y kJmol-1
Initial temperature of Ca(NO3)2 / oC Ө1
Initial temperature of Na2CO3 / oC Ө2
Average initial temperature / oC (Ө1 + Ө2)/2 = Ө3
Lowest temperature of the mixture / oC Ө4
Change in temperature / oC Ө3- Ө4
1
1
1
TOTAL 20
SET 4
SECTION A
No Answer Mark 1 (a) Compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen
And has double bonds between carbon – carbon atoms 1 1
(b) Alkene 1
(c) Propene 1
(d) (i) Hydrogenation / Addition reaction 1
(ii)
1
(e)
(i)
C3H6 + 9/2 O2 → 3CO2 + 3H2O or 2C3H6 + 9O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O
2
(ii) No. of mole of C3H6 =
42
1.2
= 0.05 Volume of gas CO2 = 0.05 x 3 x 24 = 3.6 dm
3
1
1
TOTAL 10
No Answer Mark 2 (a) Ethanol 1
(b) Hydroxyl group //OH 1
37
(c)
(i) (ii) (iii)
Oxidation Orange colour of potassium dichromate (VI) solution turns to green
1 1 1
(d)
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
Esterification Ethyl ethanoate Pleasant smell CH3COOH + C2H5OH → CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
1 1 1 2
TOTAL 10
3 (a) (i) Fermentation 1
(ii) Ethanol 1
(iii)
1
(b) C2H5OH + 3O2 → 2CO2 + 3H2O 1+1
(c) (i) Ethene 1
(ii)
1+1
(d) Purple to colourless 1
(e) (i) esterification 1
(ii) Ethylethanoate 1
No. Explanation Mark 4
(a) (i)
Sulphuric acid
1
(ii)
Contact process 1
(iii) Sulphur trioxide 1
(iv)
Vanadium(V) oxide, 450oC 1+1
(v) Ammonium sulphate 1
OH
C
H
H C H
H
H
Ethene
gas
ethanol
H O
H C C O H
H
38
(b) (i) Composite material 1
(ii) Correct arrangement
Correct label
1 1
(iii)
nC2H3Cl --( C2H3Cl )-- 1
(iv)
It has low thermal ex ansion coefficient // resistant to thermal shock 1
TOTAL 11
No. Explanation Mark 5
(a) (i)
Sodium /potassium salts of fatty acid
1
(ii)
Hydrophobic hydrophilic
1+1
(iii)
Saponification // Hydrolysis under alkaline condition 1
(iv) To reduce the solubility of soap// to precipitate out the soap 1
(b) (i) To relief pain 1
(ii) It causes internal bleeding /ulceration 1
(iii) Antibiotic 1
(iv)
When bacteria still remain, they become immune/ resistant to the antibiotic 1
(v) Barbiturate/tranquilliser/ amphetamine / haloperidol 1
TOTAL 10
Tin atom
Copper atom
39
SECTION B
6 (a) Characteristics Explanation
Same general formula CnH2n + 1OH
successive member is different from
each other by – CH2 Relative atomic mass is different
by 14
Gradual change in physical
properties // Melting / boiling point increase
Number of carbon atom per
molecules increase // size of molecule increase
Similar chemical properties // oxidation produce carboxylic acid
Have same chemical/similar
functional group
Can be prepared by similar method // can be prepared by hydration of
alkene
Have same chemical properties // have same functional functional
group
1+1
1+1
1+1
1+1
1+1
(b) (i) (CH2O)n = 60 12 + 2 + 16)n = 60 n = 2
1
C2H4O2 1 2
(ii) Carboxylic acid 1
React with carbonate to produce carbon dioxide 1 2
(iii) 2 CH3COOH + CaCO3 → (CH3COO)2Ca + H2O + CO2 Correct formula of reactants and products Balanced equation
1 1
2
(c)
P Q
The number of carbon atom 2 2
The number of hydrogen atom 4 6 number of hydrogen atom Q is
higher Type of covalent bond
between // carbon/ Type of
hydrocarbon
Double bond / /
Unsaturated Single bond/ /
Saturated
Type of homologous series //
// Name of compound
Alkene// Ethene //
Alkane // Ethane
General formula// Molecular formula of the
compound
CnH2n // C2H4
CnH2n+2 // C2H6
1 1
1
1
1
Max 4
20
40
No Answer Mark 7 (a) (i) 14.3 % 1
(ii)
Element C H
Mass/ % 85.7 14.3
1 No. of moles
12
7.85 = 7.14
1
3.14 = 14.3
2 Ratio of moles/ Simplest ratio 14.7
14.7= 1
14.7
3.14= 2
3 Empirical formula = CH2
RMM of (CH2)n = 56 .............1
[(12 + 1(2)]n = 56
14n = 56
n = 14
56
= 4 ………..1 Molecular formula : C4H8 ………………..1
6 max 5
(iii)
[any 2]
1+1
1+1
Max 4
(iv) Compound M (Butene, C4H8) has a higher percentage of carbon atom in
their molecule than butane, C4H10 …………….1
% of C in C4H8 = 8)12(4
)12(4
x 100%
= 56
48 x 100%
= 85.7% …………1
% of C in C4H10 = 10)12(4
)12(4
x 100%
= 58
48 x 100%
= 82.7% ………..1
.....3
(b) (i) Starch Protein
1 1
(ii) H H CH3 H I I I I C = C – C = C I I H H 2-methylbut-1,3-diene or isoprene
1 1..2
(c) (i) Rubber that has been treated with sulphur 1
(ii)
In vulcanised rubber sulphur atoms form cross-links between the rubber
molecules These prevent rubber molecules from sliding too much when stretched
1
1
TOTAL 20
But-1-ene
But-2-ene
2-methylpropene
41
8 (a) (i)
Hydrocarbon Type of
bond Homologous
series General
formula
A covalent alkane CnH2n+2
B covalent alkene CnH2n
3
3
6
(ii) Carbon dioxide 2C4H10 + 13O2 → 8CO2 + 10H2O [Chemical formulae of reactants and products] [Balanced]
1
1 1
3
(iii) Hydrocarbon B. Hydrocarbon B is an unsaturated hydrocarbon which react with bromine. Hydrocarbon A is a saturated hydrocarbon which do not react with
bromine.
1
1
1
3
(iv) Hydrocarbon B more sootiness. B has higher percentage of carbon by mass. % of carbon by mass ; Hydrocarbon A : 4(12) × 100 // 82.76 % 4(12) + 10(1)
Hydrocarbon B : 4(12) × 100 // 85.71 % 4(12) + 8(1)
1 1
1
1
4
(b) Carboxylic acid X :
Propanoic acid Alcohol Y:
Ethanol
1
1
1
1
4
TOTAL 20
42
9 (a) (i)
(ii)
SO2 + H2O H2SO3
Corrodes buildings
Corrodes metal structures
pH of the soil decreases
Lakes and rivers become acidic [Able to state any three items correctly]
1
3 4
(b) (i)
(ii) (iii)
Oleum
2SO2 + O2 2SO3
Moles of sulphur = 48 / 32 =1.5
Moles of SO2 = moles of sulphur
= 1.5
Volume of SO2 = 1.5 24 dm3
= 36 dm3
1 1 1
1 1 1 6
(c) (i) Pure metal are made up of same type of atoms and are of the same size.
The atoms are arranged in an orderly manner.
The layer of atoms can slide over each other.
Thus, pure copper are ductile.
There are empty spaces in between the atoms.
When a pure copper is knocked, atoms slide.
Thus, pure copper are malleable.
1 1 1
1 1 1 1 Max:5
(ii) Zinc.
Zinc atoms are of different size,
The presence of zinc atoms distrupt the orderly arrangement of copper
atoms.
This reduce the layer of atoms from sliding.
Arrangement of atoms – 1; Label - 1
1 1 1 1
1 1 Max: 5
Total 20
Zinc atom
Copper atom
43
No. Explanation Mark 10 (a) Examples of food preservatives and their functions:
Sodium nitrite – slow down the growth of microorganisms in meat
Vinegar – provide an acidic condition that inhibits the growth of
microorganisms in pickled foods
1+1
1+1
(b) (i) No // cannot Because aspirin can cause brain and liver damage if given to children with
flu or chicken pox. // It causes internal bleeding and ulceration
1 1
(ii) Paracetamol
Codeine
1
1
(iii) 1. If the child is given a overdose of codeine, it may lead to addition.
2. If the child is given paracetamol on a regular basis for a long time, it
may cause skin rashes/ blood disorders /acute inflammation of the
pancreas.
1
1
(c) Type of food
additives Examples Function
Preservatives Sugar, salt To slow down the growth
of microorganisms Flavourings Monosodium
glutamate, spice,
garlic
To improve and enhance
the taste of food
Antioxidants Ascorbic acid To prevent oxidation of
food Dyes/ Colourings Tartrazine
Turmeric To add or restore the
colour in food
Disadvantages of any two food additives: Sugar – eating too much can cause obesity, tooth decay and diabetes Salt – may cause high blood pressure, heart attack and stroke. Tartrazine – can worsen the condition of asthma patients
- May cause children to be hyperactive
MSG – can cause difficult in breathing, headaches and vomiting.
2
2
2
2
1 1
TOTAL 20
44
SECTION C
11 (a) (i) X - any acid – methanoic acid Y - any alkali – ammonia aqueous solution
1 1
(ii) 1. Methanoic acid contains hydrogen ions 2. Hydrogen ions neutralise the negative charges of protein membrane 3. Rubber particles collide, 4. Protein membrane breaks 5. Rubber polymers combine together
1 1 1 1 1
5 max 4
(iii) Ammonia aqueous solution contains hydroxide ions Hydroxide ions neutralise hydrogen ions (acid) produced by activities of
bacteria
1
1
(b) (i) Alcohol 1
(ii) Burns in oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water Oxidised by oxidising agent (acidified potassium dichromate (VI)
solution) to form carboxylic acid
1 1
(iii) Procedure: 1. Place glass wool in a boiling tube
2. Pour 2 cm3 of ethanol into the boiling tube
3. Place pieces of porous pot chips in the boiling tube
4. Heat the porous pot chips strongly
5. Heat ethanol gently
6. Using test tube collect the gas given off
Diagram:
[Functional diagram] [Labeled – porous pot, water, named alcohol, heat] Test: Put a few drops of bromine water Brown colour of bromine water decolourised
6 max 5
1 1
1 1
Total 20
Heat Heat
Glass wool
soaked with
ethanol
Porous pot chips
Water
45
12
(a) Carbon dioxide/ CO2 and water/ H2O Any one correct chemical equation Example 2C4H10 + 13O2 → 8CO2 + 10H2O Chemical formula of reactants balanced
1
1 1
3
(b) Compound B & Compound D Same molecular formula / C4H8 Different structural formula
1 1 1
3
(c) Pour compound A/B into a test tube Add bromine water to the test tube Test tube contain compound A unchanged Test tube contain compound B brown colour turn colourless
or Pour compound A/B into a test tube Add acidified Potassium manganate(VII) solution to the test tube Test tube contain compound A unchanged Test tube contain compound B purple colour turn colourless
1 1 1 1
4
(d) (i) Any members of carboxylic acid and correct ester Example [Methanoic acid] [Prophylmethanoate]
1 1
1
1
4
(d) (ii) Pour 2 cm3 of [methanoic acid] into a boiling tube
Add 2 cm3 of propanol/compound E into the boiling tube
Slowly/carefully/drop 1 cm3 of concentrated sulphuric acid
Heated (with a small flame) the mixture Pour the mixture in a beaker that contain water Observation : formed liquid that fruity smell /float on water surface
1 1 1 1 1 1
6
TOTAL 20
46
No. Mark Scheme Sub Mark Total
Mark
13(a)
But-2-ene
2-methylpropene // 2-methylprop-1-ene
1+1
1+1
4
(b)
(i)
(ii)
Propanoic acid Ethanol Chemical properties for propanoic acid:
1. React with reactive metal to produce salt and hydrogen gas
2. React with bases/alkali to produce salt and water
3. React with carbonates metal to produce salt, carbon dioxide
gas and water
4. React with alcohol to produce ester
[any three] Chemical properties for ethanol:
1. Undergo combustion to produce carbon dioxide and water
2. Burnt in oxygen to produce CO2 and H2O
3. Undergo oxidation to produce carboxylic acid / ethanoic acid
4. React with acidified K2Cr2O7 /KMnO4 to produce carboxylic
acid
5. Undergo dehydration to produce alkene / ethene.
[Any three answers]
1 1
1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
1
2
6
(c) (i) P : Hexane
Q : Hexene // Hex-1-ene
(ii) Reaction with bromine // acidified potassium
manganate(VII) solution
Procedure: 1. Pour about [2 -5 cm
3] of P into a test tube.
2. Add 4-5 drops of bromine water / acidified potassium
1 1
1
1 1
2
C C C C H
H H H H
H
H H
C
C C C
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
47
manganate(VII) solution and shake. 3. Observe and record any changes. 4. Repeat steps 1 to 3 by replacing P with Q
Observation: P : Brown/ Purple colour remains unchanged. Q : Brown/ Purple colours decolourise / turn colourless.
1 1
1 1
Max 6
Total mark 20
No. Explanation Mark 14 (a) Haber process
Iron
N2 + 3H2 2NH3
1 1
1+1
(b) Pure copper Bronze
Bronze is harder than pure copper
Tin atoms are of different size
The presence of tin atoms distrupt the orderly arrangement of copper
atoms.
This reduce the layer of atoms from sliding.
1
1+1
1
1
1
1 MAX
6
Procedure: 1. Iron nail and steel nail are cleaned using sandpaper. 2. Iron nail is placed into test tube A and steel nail is placed into test tube
B. 3. Pour the agar-agar solution mixed with potassium
hexacyanoferrate(III) solution into test tubes A and B until it covers
the nails. 4. Leave for 1 day. 5. Both test tubes are observed to determine whether there is any blue
spots formed or if there are any changes on the nails. 6. The observations are recorded Results:
Test tube The intensity of blue spots A High B Low
Conclusion: Iron rust faster than steel.
1 1+ 1 1 1 1
1 1
1
TOTAL 20
Tin atom
Copper atom
48
No. Explanation Mark 15 (a) (i) Traditional medicines are derived from plans or animals.
Modern medicines are made by scientists in laboratory and based on
substances found in nature.
1 1
(ii)
Analgesics Aspirin
Paracetamol
Codein
Antibiotics Penicillin
Psychotherapeutic Chloropromazin
Caffeina
1 1 1
1
1 1
MAX
5
(iii) Penicillin
Cause allergic reaction, diarrhoea, difficulty breathing and easily bruising
Codein Cause addiction, drowsiness, trouble sleeping, irregular heartbeat and
hallucinations.
Aspirin Cause brain and liver damage if given to children with flu or chicken pox.
Cause internal bleeding and ulceration
1
1
1
(b) Hard water contains high concentration of calcium ions or magnesium
ions. Example : sea water
Procedure 1. 20cm
3 of hard water (magnesium sulphate solution) is poured into two
separate beakers X and Y. 2. 50 cm
3 of soap and detergent solutions are added separately in beaker X
and beaker Y. 3. A small piece of cloth with oily stains is dipped into each beaker. 4. Each cloth is washed. 5. The cleansing action of the soap and detergent is observed.
Results
Beaker Observation
X The cloth is still dirty.
Y The cloth becomes clean.
Conclusion The cleansing action of detergent is more effective than soap in hard water
1
1
1
1
1 1 1
1 1
1
49
JAWAPAN SET 5
PAPER 3 SET 1
EXPLANATION SCORE
1. (a) (i)
[Able to record all reading accurately with unit] Sample answer Experiment Copper Bronze I 1.4 cm 1.1 cm II 1.5 cm 1.1 cm III 1.6 cm 1.2 cm
3
1(a)
(ii) [Able to construct a table to record the diameter of the dents and average
diameters for copper and bronze that contain: 1. correct title 2. Reading and unit Sample answer:
Material Diameter of the dents(cm) Average
diameter,(cm) 1 2 3 X 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.5 Y 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1
3
1.(b) [Able to state correct observation] Sample answer: The diameter of dents made on material Y is smaller than material X// The
diameter of dents made on material X is bigger than material Y
3
1.(c) [Able to state the inference correctly] Sample answer: Bronze is harder than copper// Copper softer than bronze
3
1.(d) [Able to state the correct operational definition for alloy] 1. what should be done and 2. what should be observe correctly Sample answer: A smaller dent is formed when the weight of 1 kilogram is dropped at height of 50
cm to hit the ball bearing which is taped onto the alloy block using cellophane tape
3
1.(e) [able to give all three explanations correctly] Sample answer: 1. atoms in copper are in orderly arrangement 2. atoms in bronze are not in orderly arrangement 3. layer of atoms in bronze difficult to slide on each other when force is applied
3
1.(f) [Able to state the relationship correctly between the manipulated variable and
responding variable with direction] Sample answer: Alloy is harder than its pure metal.
3
1(g) [Able to state all the three variables and all the three actions correctly] Sample answer:
Names of variables Action to be taken (i) manipulated : Bronze and copper
(i) the way to manipulate variable: Repeat experiment by replacing
copper with bronze (ii) responding: Diameter of dent
(ii) what to observe in the responding
variable:
50
The diameter of the dent formed on
copper and bronze. (iii) controlled: Mass of the weight // height of the
weight // size of steel ball bearing.
(iii) the way to maintain the controlled
variable: Uses same mass of weight // same
height of weight // same size of steel
ball bearing
3
EXPLANATION SCORE
2(a) [Able to state 4 inferences correctly]
Test tube Inference A Iron (II) /Fe
2+ ions formed / produced // iron / Fe rusted / oxidized
B Iron (II) /Fe2+
ions are not formed / produced // iron / Fe does not
rusted / oxidized C Iron (II) /Fe
2+ ions are not formed / produced // iron / Fe does not
rusted / oxidized D Iron (II) /Fe
2+ ions formed / produced // iron / Fe rusted / oxidized
3
2(b) [able to explain a difference in observation correctly between test tube 1 and 2]
Sample answer: Iron / Fe in test tube A rust / oxidized because iron is in contact with less electropositive
metal, but iron in test tube B does not rust / oxidized because iron is in contact with less
electropositive metal.
3
2(c) [Able to state the hypothesis correctly] Sample answer: When a more/ less electropositive metal is in contact with iron / Fe, the metal inhibits/
speed up rusting of iron.// When a more / less electropositive metal is in contact with iron/ Fe, rusting of iron is
faster / slower// The higher /lower the metal in contact with iron/ Fe in electrochemical series than iron
/Fe ,the rusting of iron/ Fe is slower / faster
3
2(d) [able to state all the variable in this experiment correctly] Sample answer: (i) manipulated variable: Type of metals/copper, magnesium and zinc (ii) responding variable: Rusting // presence of blue colour (iii) constant variable: Size/mass of iron nail // type of nail // medium in which iron nail are kept// temperature
3
2(e) [able to state the operational definition for the rusting of iron nail correctly ] 1. What should be done and 2. what should be observe correctly Sample answer: Blue colouration is formed when iron nail is in contact with copper/tin/less
electropositive metal and immersed in potassium hexacyanoferrate (III) solution.
3
2(f) [able to classify all the three metals correctly]
Metal that can provide sacrificial
protection to iron Metal that cannot provide sacrificial
protection to iron zinc
magnesium copper
3
51
2(g) [Able to compare the intensity of blue colour and relate the intensity of blue colour with
the concentration of Fe2+ accurately ] Sample answer: The concentration of iron (II) ion is higher .The intensity of blue colouration after two
days is higher.
3
EXPLANATION SCOR
E 3
(a) [Able to make a statement of the problem accurately and must be in question form] Suggested answer: Does different type of alcohols affect the heat of combustions? // How does the number of carbon atom per molecule of alcohol affect the heat of
combustion ?
3
3(b) [Able to state all the three variables correctly] Suggested answer: Manipulated variable: Different types of alcohols//Different alcohols such as ethanol, propanol and butanol. Responding variable: Heat of combustion//Increase in temperature Fixed variable: Volume of water // type of container/ size of container
3
3
(c) [Able to state the relationship between manipulated variable and responding variable
correctly] Suggested answer: When the number of carbon atoms per molecule of alcohol increases, the heat of
combustion increases.
3
3(d) [Able to state the list of substances and apparatus correctly and completely] Suggested answer: Ethonol, propanol, butanol, water, copper can, spirit lamp, thermometer, weighing
balance, wooden block, tripod stand, wind shield, measuring cylinder.
3
3(e) [Able to state a complete experimental procedure] Suggested answer:
1. [200 cm3] of water is poured into a copper can.
2. Initial temperature of the water is recorded. 3. A spirit lamp is half filled with ethanol. 4. Weight the spirit lamp with ethanol and record the mass 5. The spirit lamp is put under the copper can and ignites the wick immediately. 6. The water is stirred and the flame is put off after the temperature has increased
by 30oC.
7. The highest temperature of the water is recorded 8. Immediately weight the spirit lamp and record the mass. 9. The experiment is repeated t by replacing ethanol with propanol and butanol.
3
3(f) [Able to exhibit the tabulation of data correctly with suitable headings and units ] Types of
alcohols Initial
temperature/oC Highest
temperature/oC Initial mass of
spirit lamp/g Final mass of
spirit lamp/g Ethanol Propanol Butanol
3
52
PAPER 3 SET 2
Question Rubric Score
1(a)
Able to record the burette readings accurately with 2 decimal places. Experiment I II III Initial burette
reading 1.00
13.50
26.00
Final burette
reading
13.50
26.00
38.50
3
1(b)
Able to construct a table with the following information: 1. Accurate titles and units:
2. Burette readings and volume of acid used/cm3
Sample answer: Experiment I II III Initial burette
reading/cm3
1.00
13.50
26.00
Final burette
reading/cm3
13.50
26.00
38.50
Volume of acid
used/cm3
12.50 12.50 12.50
3
1(c) Able to calculate correctly the molarity of acid with the following
steps:
Step 1: MaVa = 1
MbVb 1
Step 2: Ma = 1.0 x 25
12.5
Step 3: 2.0 mol dm-3
1(d) Able to give the volume and explaination correctly with following
aspects: 1. 6.25 cm
3
2. Sulphuric acid is a diprotic acid
3. Concentration of H+ ions is double
3
1(e) Able to state the three variables correctly. Sample answer Manipulated variable: Type of acids//Hydrochloric acid, ethanoic acid Responding variable: pH values Fixed variable: Concentration of acids
3
1(f) Able to state the hypothesis accurately. Sample answer When the concentration of hydrogen ion in acid is higher, , the pH value
is lower// The higher the concentration of hydrogen ion, the lower the pH
value
3
1(g) Able to classify all the substances correctly. Sample answer:
Substances with pH less than 7 Substances with pH more than 7 Ethanoic acid Nitric acid
Ammonia solution Barium hydroxide
3
53
Question Rubric Score 2(a) Able to state the inference accurately
Sample answer When alcohol react with carboxylic acid, ester is formed//Esters have sweet
pleasant smell property
3
2(b) Able to construct a table correctly with the following information: 1. Columns with titles for alcohol, carboxylic acid, Ester
2. Name of all alcohols, carboxylic acid and ester
Alcohol Carboxylic acid Ester Methanol Ethanoic acid Methyl ethanoate Ethanol Propanoic acid Ethyl propanoate Propanol Methanoic acid Propyl methanoate
3
2(c) Able to name the alcohol and carboxylic acid correctly.
Alcohol: Propanol Carboxylic acid: Butanoic acid
3
2(d)(i) Able to state the three variables correctly. Sample answer Manipulated variable: Hexane and hexene Responding variable: Colour change of bromine water // colour change of potassium manganate (VII) solution Fixed variable: Bromine water//acidified potassium manganate(VII) solution
3
2(d)(ii) Able to state the hypothesis accurately Sample answer: Hexene declourised the brown colour of bromine water, hexane does not//
Hexene declourised the purple colour of acidified potassium manganate(VII) solution, hexane does not
3
2(d)(iii) Able to predict and make explanations accurately Answer
1. Hexene
2. Percentage of carbon atoms per molecule hexene is higher than hexane
3
Question Rubric Score 3(a) Able to state the aim accurately
Sample answer To compare the effectiveness of soap and detergent on cleansing action in hard
water .
2
3(b) Able to state the three variables accurately. Answer Manipulated variable: Soap and detergent Responding variable: Effectiveness of cleansing action Fixed variable: Type of water//hard water
3
3(c) Able to state the hypothesis accurately with direction Sample answer Detergent is more effective than soap in hard water
3
3(d) Able to state the complete list of apparatus and material as follows Hard water, soap and detergent,2 beakers, 2 pieces of cloths stained with oil,
galss rod
3
3(e) Able to state procedures correctly as follows 1. [50 - 200] cm
3 of hard water is poured into a beaker
2. Soap is added into the beaker
3. A piece of cloth stained with oil is immersed in the solution
4. The cloth is shaken/rubbed/stirred
3
54
5. Observation is recorded
6. Repeat steps 1 – 5 by using detergent .
3(f) Able to tabulate the data correctly Sample answer
Type of cleaning agent Observation
Soap
Detergent
3
PAPER 3 SET 3
Question Rubric Score 1(a)(i) Able to record the thermometer reading accurately to 1 decimal place with
unit. Answer Initial temperature = 30.0
oC
Highest temperature = 60.0 oC
3
(a)(ii) Able to state one observation accurately Sample answer Thermometer reading increases//Temperature increases
3
(a)(iii) Able to state the inference accurately. Sample answer Heat energy is released //The reaction is exothermic reaction
3
(b)(i) Able to state all the mass of alcohols accurately to 2 decimal places with
unit Answers 1.55, 2.23, 3.56, 4.01
3
(b)(ii) Able to tabulate the initial mass, final mass and mass of alcohols accurately
with units Sample answer:
Alcohol Initial mass/g Final mass/g Mass of
alcohol/g Methanol 354.9548 353.4012 1.55 Ethanol 342.0201 339.7892 2.23 Propanol 364.4303 360.8702 3.56 Butanol 332.9891 328.9790 4.01
3
(c) Able to calculate the heat of combustion of methanol correctly with the
following steps: 1. Heat change = 200 x 4.2 x 30 J
= 25200 J
2. No of mole of methanol = 1.55 ÷ 32
= 0.048 mol 3. Heat of combustion = - 525kJ mol
-1
3
(d)(i) Able to state the variables correctly Sample answer Manipulated variable Type of alcohols// Methanol, Ethanol, Propanol, Butanol Responding variable Heat of combustion Fixed variable Volume of water
3
(d)(ii) Able to state the hypothesis accurately with the manipulated variable
related to responding variable Sample answer
3
55
When the number of carbon atoms per molecule alcohol increases, the heat
of combustion increases (e) Able to predict the heat of combustion for pentanol correctly
Sample answer 2350 kJ mol
-1// (2300 – 2400)kJ mol
-1
3
(f) Able to state the three reasons correctly Sample answer
1. Some of the heat energy is released to the surrounding
2. Some of the heat energy is absorbed by the copper can
3. Incomplete combustion of ethanol
3
(g) Able to classify all the compounds correctly Sample answer
Hydrocarbon Non-hydrocarbon Hexene Propanoic acid Methane Ethanol
3
Question 2
Question Rubric Score 2(a) Able to state the aim of experiment accurately
Sample answer To investigate the effect of type of electrode on the selection of ions to be
discharged at the anode/ on the product formed at the anode.
2
2(b) Able to state all the variables Sample answer Manipulated variable Type of electrodes//Carbon electrodes and copper electrodes Responding variable Product formed at anode Fixed variable Electrolyte
3
2(c) Able to state the hypothesis accurately Sample answer When carbon electrodes are used, bubbles/oxygen gas released at anode, when
copper electrodes are used, anode becomes thinner/ionised
3
2(d) Able to list completely the materials and apparatus as the following Copper(II) sulphate solution (0.5 – 2.0) mol dm
-3, copper rods, carbon rods,
electrolytic cell, battery, connecting wires, test tube
3
2(e) Able to state the all the following procedures 1. Half filled the electrolytic cell/beaker with copper(II) sulphate solution
2. A test tube filled with copper(II) sulphate solution is inverted over the
anode carbon electrode
3. Both electrodes are connected to the batteries using connecting
wires//Complete the circuit
4. Record the observations at the anode
5. Repeat steps 1-4 by using copper electrodes
3
2(f) Able to draw a table for tabulation of data correctly with the following
Type of electrodes Observation at anode Carbon Copper
3
PAPER 3 SET 4
56
Q1 Rubric Score (a)
Able to state the two observation correctly
Sample answer: 1. Burns very rapidly// burns vigorously 2. Produces white fumes
3
(b)
Able to state the relationship correctly
Sample answer: Going down the Group 1 element, the reactivity towards oxygen increases.
3
(c)
Able to give the inference correctly
Sample answer: Alkaline solution produced.
3
(d)
Able to predict the position of X metal in the periodic table correctly
Sample answer: Between potassium and lithium// below lithium and above potassium
3
(e)
Able to classify all the ions correctly
Sample answer:
Cation Anion Lithium ion // Li
+ Hydrogen ion // H
+ Hydroxide ion // OH
-
3
Question
Number Rubric Score
2(a)
[Able to write potential difference with one decimal correctly] Example
Pair of metals Potential
difference(V) Positive terminal
Cu and M 1.10 L Cu and J 1.85 L Cu and Q 0.40 Q
3
2(b)
[Able to give the hypothesis accurately] Example: The further the distance between two metals in the electrochemical series, the
higher the potential difference / voltage
3
2(c)
[Able to arrange the metals in the electrochemical series in descending order
correctly] Answer: : J, M, Cu, Q
3
2(d) [Able to classify the metals correctly] 3
57
Answer: : More electropositive : J, M Less electropositive : Cu, Q
2(e)
[Able to state three observations correctly]
Suggested answer:
1 Metal J dissolved // becomes thinner//smaller
2 Copper becomes thicker//bigger//brown solid deposited
3 Blue solution becomes light blue /fading in colour//intensity of blue
colour of copper(II) sulphate decreases
3
Question Rubric Score
3(a) Able to give the statement of the problem accurately. Response is in
question form.
Sample answer:
Does the temperature of sodium thiosulphate solution affect the rate of
reaction between sodium thiosulphate solution and sulphuric acid? //
How does the temperature of sodium thiosulphate solution affect the
rate of reaction? between sodium thiosulphate solution and sulphuric
acid?
3
3 (b) Able to state the three variables correctly
Sample answer:
Manipulated variable:
Temperature of sodium thiosulphate solution
Rate of reaction // Time taken for mark „X‟ to become invisible
/disappear
Constant variable:
Volume and concentration of sodium thiosulphate/ sulphuric acid / size
of conical flask
3
3 (c) Able to state the relationship correctly between the manipulated
variable and the responding variable with direction.
Sample answer:
The higher/lower the temperature of sodium thiosulphate solution, the
higher/lower the rate of reaction. //
The higher/lower the temperature of sodium thiosulphate solution, the
shorter/longer the time taken for mark „X‟ to disappear from sight/view
//
The increase/decrease in temperature of sodium thiosulphate solution
will increase/decrease the rate of reaction. //
When the temperature of sodium thiosulphate solution increase
/decrease, the rate of reaction will increase/decrease.
3
58
3(d) Able to give complete list of materials and apparatus
Sample answer:
Materials:
Sodium thiosulphate solution, sulphuric acid.
Apparatus:
Conical flask, ,bunsen burner, measuring cylinder, stop-watch, filter
paper.
3
3(e) Able to list all the steps correctly
Sample Answer:
1. „X „mark is drawn on a piece of white/filter/ cardboard paper.
2. 50 cm3 of sodium thiosuphate solution [(0.01-1.0) mol dm
-3] is
measured with a measuring cylinder and is poured into a
conical flask.
3. The solution is slowly heated until 30 oC.
4. 5 cm3 of hydrochloric acid [(0.1- 2.0) mol dm
-3] is measured
with a measuring cylinder and is added to the conical flask. A
stop-watch is started immediately.
5. The conical flask is swirled and is placed on a filter paper with
a mark „X‟.
6. The „X‟ mark is observed vertically from the top
through the solution.
7. The stop-watch is stopped immediately when the „X‟ mark
cannot be seen. Time is recorded.
8. The experiment is repeated by using the sodium thiosuphate
solution at 40 oC, 50
oC, 60
oC and 70
oC respectively.
3
3 (f) Able to tabulate the data with following aspects
1. Correct titles with units
2. Complete list of temperatures
Sample answer:
Temperature (oC)
Time
(s)
30
40
50
60
70
2
59
SET 5 PAPER 3
Question
No. 1
Rubric Score
.(a) [Able to state the inference correctly]
Sample answer:
Ethanoic acid can show acidic properties in water //
Ethanoic acid cannot show acidic properties without water
3
(b) [Able to give the explaination correctly with the following 3 points]
1.With water ethanoic acid can ionised
2. To produce H+ ion
3. H+ ion is responsible for the acidic property
3
(c) [Able to give the three variables correctly]
Manipulated variable: type of solvent// water and propanone
Responding variable: colour change to blue litmus paper
Fixed variable: blue litmus paper
3
(d) [Able to state the hypothesis correctly that relates the manipulated
variable to responding variable]
Sample answer:
When ethanoic acid dissolved in water, blue litmus paper turns red//
When ethanoic acid dissolved in propanone, no change to blue litmus.
3
(e)(i) [Able to give the three observations correctly]
Test tube I: No change
Test tube II: Red litmus paper change to blue
Test tube III: No change
3
(e)(ii) [Able to construct the table correctly with the following information:
1. Column / rows with title
2. With correct observations
Experiment
I II III
Dry
ammonia
Ammonia
dissolved in
water
Aammonia
dissolved in
dry propanone
Observation No change Red litmus
paper turns
blue
No change
3
(f) [Able to classify the substances correctly with the correct titles]
Substance that change blue litmus paper to red:
Phosphoric acid, oxalic acid, sulphurous acid
Substance that change red litmus paper to blue
Calcium hudroxide, barium hydroxide, ammonia aqueous, barium
hydroxide
3
60
Question
No. 2
Rubric Score
(a)
[Able to measure all the height of precipitate accurately with one decimal
place.]
Answer:
Test tube 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Height of
precipitate
0.5
[0.4-
0.6]
0.9
[0.8-
1.0]
1.3
[1.2-
1.4]
1.6
[1.5-
1.7]
2.0
[1.9-
2.1]
2.0
[1.9-
2.1]
2.0
[1.9-
2.1]
3
(b)
Able to draw the graph correctly with the following information:
i. Axis- x : volume of barium chloride / cm3 and axis -y : height of
precipitate/ cm
ii. Consistent scale and the graph half of graph paper
iii. All the points are transferred correctly
iv. Correct curve
3
(c)
Able to state the volume and calculate the number of mol correctly
Answer:
1. 5 cm3
2. No. of mole = 0.5 x 5 // 0.0025 mol
1000
3
(d)
Able to write the ionic equation correctly.
Sample answer:
Ba2+
+ CrO42-
BaCrO4 3
(e)
Able to give the meaning of the precipitation reaction correctly.
Sample answer:
Yellow precipitate is formed when barium chloride solution reacts with
potassium chromate (VI) solution.
3
(f)
Able to classify all the salts correctly
Sample answer:
Soluble salts Insoluble salts
Sodium carbonate, Na2CO3
Magnesium
nitrate,Mg(NO3)2
Lead(II)sulphate, PbSO4
Silver chloride, AgCl
3
61
Question
No.3 Rubric Score
(a)
Able to give the statement of the problem accurately. Response is in question
form.
Sample answer
How does ethanoic acid and ammonia solution affects the coagulation of latex?
3
(b) Able to state the three variables correctly
Sample answer:
Manipulated : ethanoic acid and ammonia solution
Responding : coagulate / coagulation of latex
Fixed : latex
3
(c) Able to state the relationship correctly
Ethanoic acid coagulates the latex while ammonia solution does not coagulate
the latex.
3
(d) Able to state the complete list of apparatus and material as follows.
Materials:
ethanoic acid 0.5 mol dm-3
and ammonia solution
Apparatus:
Beaker, measuring cylinder, glass rod, dropper
3
(e) Able to list all the steps correctly
1. 10 cm3 of latex is poured into a beaker.
2. ethanoic acid is added into the beaker using adropper.
3. The mixture is stirred using glass rod.
4. The beaker is left aside.
5. The observation is recorded
6. Experiment is repeated using ammonia solution to replace
ethanoic acid.
3
(f) Able to tabulate the data correctly
Mixture Observation
Latex + ethanoic acid
Latex + ammonia solution
2
END OF QUESTION MARKING SCHEME