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Perennials and

Annuals for the

Ohio Garden

Perennials and

Annuals for the

Ohio GardenDebra Knapke2016 Master Gardener ClassDebra Knapke2016 Master Gardener Class

The art of teaching is the art ofassisting discovery– Mark Van Doren

The art of teaching is the art ofassisting discovery– Mark Van Doren

Perenniala plant that would have come backyear after year…..

Perenniala plant that would have come backyear after year…..

had it survived.Tender Perennial; Tender Shrub; Tender Tuber

had it survived.Tender Perennial; Tender Shrub; Tender Tuber

PerennialBulbs, Corms, Tubers, Rhizomes

a subset of herbaceous perennials

PerennialBulbs, Corms, Tubers, Rhizomes

a subset of herbaceous perennials

basal plate w/roots

leaf scales tunic (dry papery leaves)

Allium, Fritillaria,Galanthus, Hyacinthus,Lilium, Narcissus,Scilla, Tulipa

From: Bulbs for Garden Habitats –Judy Glattstein

Bulbs basal plate w/

roots solid structure tunic (netted or ringed)

mother corm dies

Colchicum, Crocus,Erythronium, Freesia,Gladiolus

From: Bulbs for Garden Habitats –Judy Glattstein

Corms

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Anemone, Arisaema,Caladium, Cyclamen,Eranthis

roots can initiate anywhere modified fleshy stem produces buds, not new tubers tuber increases in size

From: Bulbs for Garden Habitats –Judy Glattstein

Tubers - Stem

Begonia, Dahlia, Ipomaea,Ranunculus

modified fleshy root produces more

thickened roots root tubers increase

in size

trc.ucdavis.edu

Ranunculus Dahlia

Tubers - Root

Rhizomes

Canna, Convallaria, Hemerocallis,Iris (non-bulb types)

modified fleshy stemoften at surface or justbelow

rhizomes “branch” roots usually initiated

on lower surface

Bienniallives for two seasons,first year is a non-blooming rosette;second year it blooms and goes to seed

Bienniallives for two seasons,first year is a non-blooming rosette;second year it blooms and goes to seed

Digitalis purpurea, Lychnis coronaria, Salvia argentea,Petroselinum crispum, Alliaria petiolata

Annuals andTender Perennialsa plant that goes from seed toseed in one season

a horticultural designation: a plant that is notcold or heat hardy for our climate – but inbotanical terms, this is a tender perennial,shrub or tree

Annuals andTender Perennialsa plant that goes from seed toseed in one season

a horticultural designation: a plant that is notcold or heat hardy for our climate – but inbotanical terms, this is a tender perennial,shrub or tree

Subshruba plant with a woody basenew growth is herbaceous

Subshruba plant with a woody basenew growth is herbaceous

Artemisia, Lavandula, Salvia, Thymus

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AestheticsWhat are your favorite colors/combinations, and your

least favorite colors/combinations?Consider: a plant may have a beautiful flower, but it

also needs to have good foliageWhen do you want the show?Are you stuck on the idea of perfection?

creating your plant list…ScienceKnow your site: dry and wet areas, sun and shade,

compacted soil; soil test!!Put sun plants in the sun and shade plants in the

shadeCold and heat hardiness issuesBottom Line: performs well in Ohio weather and soil,

and can be tolerant of less than optimal conditions

creating your plant list…

where do plants live?

woodland: upland, bottomland, vernal pools

prairie/meadow: dry, wet, mesic

aquatic: lakes, rivers

wetland: swamps, marshes, bogs, fens, vernal pools

edges: the boundary of two habitats

PracticalPurpose of the garden?Maintenance considerations: dividing, staking,

fertilizing, pruning, weeding, watering….Native vs. non-native issue? Invasive/non-

invasive issue!! “plays well with others”Has other redeeming qualities beyond its beautyAppeals to youBudget

creating your plant list…

the cultivar conundrum

often the basis of plant selectionbiodiversityappropriate for habitat?appropriate for pollinators?find the balance

PerennialsPerennials

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SpringMarch – April – May

SpringMarch – April – May

Alliumspecies and hybrids N. Hemisphere

www.depts.ttu.edu

www.ubcbotanicalgarden.org

Allium karatavienseAllium christophiiAllium cernuum (native)

Allium christophii Allium caeruleum Allium schubertii

www.swsbm.com

Convallaria majalisN. temp. regions

Convallaria majalis ‘Albistriata’

C. majalis ‘Rosea’

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Crocus species and hybrids Mid & S. Eur.; N. Africa.; Mid Eur. & Central Asia

bunny damage

Crocus siberi ssp. sublimis‘Tricolor’

Crocus tommasinianus‘Ruby Giant’

Galanthus nivalis W. Eur. to Iranian Caucasus & Caspian Sea

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Iris reticulata N. temperate regions

I. r. ‘George’

I. ‘Edward’

Narcissus species and hybrids S. Eur. & Medit.; N. Africa; W. Asia. China & Japan

Division II: Large Cup - ‘Passionale’ Division III: Small Cup - ‘Loch Ness’

Division V: Triandrus - ‘Thalia’Division VII: Jonquilla – ‘Pipit’

Division VIII: Tazetta - ‘Geranium’ Division IX: Poeticus - ‘Actaea’

Division XI: Split-Corona ‘Evolution’ miniatures: ‘Little Beauty’ - (Div. I: trumpet)

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Originally from: Hortus Eystettensis (1613)pictured in The Tulip by Anna Pavord

Tulipaspecies and hybridsN. temp. Old World; esp. Central Asia

Tulipa tarda

Tulipa turkestanica

Tulipa kaufmaniana cultivar

T. gregii cultivar

Tulipa ‘Monte Carlo’ double

www.rittenhouse.ca

Tulipa Parrot cultivar

Tulipa ‘Dordogne’single, late

Astilbe chinensis E. Asia; N. Amer.

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Astilbe simplicifolia

Brunnera macrophyllaE. Eur. to W. Siberia

Baptisia australis USA

CampanulapersicifoliaTemp. N. Hemisphere

Dianthus gratianopolitanus Eurasia; African mtns.; I sp. in arctic N. Amer.

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D. g. ‘Feuerhexe’ (Firewitch)D. g. ‘Tiny Rubies’

Geranium sanguineum cosmopolitan in temperate regions

Geranium sanguineum, G. macrorrhizumG. xmagnificum

Iris sibirica ‘Caesar’s Brother’ N. temp. zones

Iris hybrids ‘Immortality’ (remondant)Iris pallida ‘Variegata’ ??

SummerJune – July – August

SummerJune – July – August

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Canna xgeneralis New World tropics and sub tropics; widely naturalized

Canna xgeneralis ‘Pacific Beauty’

C. xgeneralis ‘Bengal Tiger’(invalid syn. ‘Praetoria’)

Asclepias tuberosaA. incarnataA. syriacaAmericas; S. Afr.; nat. in Eur.

CalamagrostisxacutiflorusTemp. N. Hemisphere

C. xa.‘Overdam’

Coreopsis verticillata N. & S. Amer. esp. Mex.& S. US

‘Moonbeam’ ‘Zagreb’

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Echinacea purpurea E. US

‘White Swan’

hardiness?nectar source?

Echinacea paradoxaTX, OK, AR, MO

Hemerocallis species and hybridsE. Asia; Japan & China

Lavandula angustifolia Atlantic Is., Medit.N. Afr.; W. Asia, Arabia & India

Lavandula xintermedia

Leucanthemum xsuperbum garden origin: L. lacustre & L. maximum L. Burbank, 1901

Genus: Eur.; N. Asia

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Liatris spicata E. N. America

Liatris ligulistylis

Nepeta xfaassenii garden origin: N. racemosa & N. nepetellagenus: Eurasia, N. Afr. & mtns. of Trop. Afr.

Perovskia atriplicifolia Asia Minor, Iran, C. Asia; Himalayans

Rudbeckia fulgida‘Goldsturm’ Rudbeckia subtomentosa

Genus: N. Amer.; widespread as garden escapee

Rudbeckia laciniata ‘Herbstsonne’

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Salvia xsylvestris, S. nemorosa Genus: Cosmopolitan ~900 spp.(S. nemorosa x S. pratensis)

‘Mainacht’ May Night

AutumnSeptember – October – November

AutumnSeptember – October – November

Colchicum speciosum E. Eur.; N. Afr. to W. Asia to Afghan. to N. India & W. China

www.kfunigraz.ac.at

Iridaceae

Colchicaceae (Liliaceae)

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Anemone xhybridagarden origin: A. vitifolia x A. hupehensis var. japonicaGenus: N. & S. temperate regions

Aster laevis(Symphiotrichum)

AsterN. & S. Amer. Eurasia, Afr., Asia ~250 spp.(New World spp.:Symphiotrichum,Eurybia, Ionactis, etc.)

Aster chart

Aster novae-angliae(Symphiotrichum)‘Purple Dome’

Aster novae-angliae(Symphiotrichum)‘Alma Potschke’

Ceratostigma plumbaginoidesHimalayas, C. China, SE Asia, NE Trop. Afr.

Miscanthus sinensisOW Tropics; S. Afr., E. Asia

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SchizachyriumscopariumE. N. Amer.

Sedum species and hybrids ~300 spp.

‘Autumn Joy’ N. temp. &Trop. Mtn. regions

‘Autumn Joy’

‘Neon’

‘Matrona’

Season SpannersSeason Spanners

Helleborus xhybridus Eur. esp. It.& Balkans; Turkeyto Caucasian Russia; W. China

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www.rbg.vic.gov.au

Helleborus foetidus

Helleborus niger

Heuchera hybridsN. Amer.

H. ‘Silver Scrolls’

H. ‘Frosted Violet’

H. ‘Palace Purple’

Heucheravillosa hybrids

H. ‘Caramel’

H. ‘Autumn Bride’

H. ‘Citronelle’

http://plants.usda.gov/

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H. ‘Sagae’

H. ‘Love Pat’

Hosta species and hybridsJapan, Korea, China

H. nigrescens

H. ‘Sum and Substance’

http://www.mobot.org/

Foliar nematodes

www.extension.umn.edu

Hosta virus X in H. ‘Sum and Substance’

http://www.hostalibrary.org/firstlook/HVX.htm

Hosta virus X in H. ‘Gold Edger’

Hosta virus X inH. ‘Blue Cadet’“inkbleed”

Pictures from the HostaLibraryHosta Virus X (HVX)

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Salvia officinalis species: Medit. & N. Afr.; Genus: Cosmopolitan

S. o. ‘Berggarten’

S. o. ‘Icterina’ (not Aurea) and S. o. ‘Purpurescens’

Thymus species and hybrids Eurasia ~350 spp.

Thymus praecox

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Annuals andTender

Perennials

Annuals andTender

Perennials

Uses:filling in spaces in the mixed borderlinking the seasonal showmassing for effect: carpet bedding schemescontainer plantings

General culture – for the way we want themto perform in one season

high % organic matter in the soil; sidedress/topdresswith compost

when planting, loosen the roots of rootbound plantsfoliar feed with balanced fertilizer during the season

for optimal bloomdeadhead to prolong bloom

Angelonia angustifolia C. & S. Amer.

Angelface Blue Bicolor

AngelfaceWhite

www.ext.vt.edu

www.ranger146.com

AngelfaceBlue

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Begoniaalmost pantropic. espec. C. & S. AmerGarden Origin

B. Semperflorens-Cultorum hybridswax begonia; bedding begonia

BegoniaBada BoomWhite

BegoniaBada BoomRed

Begonia Tuberhybrida hybrids

B. species and hybridsangel wing begonias

Brugmansia S. Amer.

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Datura metel N. & S. Amer.

Datura‘Flore Pleno’

Calendula officinalis Medit. & Macaronesia (several groups of volcanic islands in the N. Atlantic near Eur. and N.

Afr. )

Calibrachoa S. Amer. primarily Brazil

utgardens.tennessee.edu

CalibrachoaCallie Orange

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www.hort.cornell.edu

www.raretrees.org

CalibrachoaCallie Purple

CalibrachoaCallie Rose

CalibrachoaSuperbells Apricot Punch

CalibrachoaSuperbells Tangerine Punch

CalibrachoaSuperbells CoralberryPunch Proven Winners

Introductions

Cleome hasslerana Pantrop. & sub.trop. & S. Amer.

Cleome hasslerana ‘Cherry Queen’

Cleome hasslerana ‘Rose Queen’Celosia ‘Forest Fire Improved’

Consolida ajacis (syn. ambigua) W. Medit. to C. Asia

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http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/weeds/plants/rk_larkspur.htm

Impatiens Tanzania to Mozambique / New Guinea & Solomon Is.

www.prairiestarflowers.com

Impatiens walleriana Accent ‘Coral’

Impatiens walleriana ‘Fiesta Sparkler’ Impatiens hawkeri

Impatiens ‘Sea Shell Apricot’

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IpomoeaMex. & S. Amer / Pantropic

Ipomoea tricolor‘Heavenly Blue’

Ipomoea batatas‘Marguerite’‘Blackie’‘Tricolor’

Ipomoea ‘Ace of Spades’Angelonia Angelface Blue Bicolor

Lobelia maritima S. Europe

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Nigella damascena S. Eur. & N. Africa

Pelargonium S. Africa (scattered trop. Afr. & Aus.)

Pelargonium xhortorum‘Cherokee’zonal leaf type

Pelargoniumzonal leaf type

Pelargonium‘Meritropical’ivy-leaf type

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Pelargonium tomentosum ‘Peppermint’scented leaf type

Pelargonium‘Lady Plymouth’scented leaf type

Petunia hybrids S. Amer. primarily Brazil

Petunia‘Merlin Blue Morn’

Petunia‘Purple Wave’Wave petunias

is this purple?

Salvia Cosmopolitan

Salvia farinacea‘Victoria’mealycup sage

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Salvia leucanthaMexican bush sage

Salvia eleganspineapple sage

Salvia guaranitica‘Black and Blue’hummingbird sage

Salvia coccinea

Salvia coccinea‘Snow Nymph’

Salvia splendensscarlet sage

Solenostemon (Plectranthus?? syn. Coleus) Malaysia & SE Asia

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Selenostemon ‘Saturn’

Tropaeolum majusColumbia to Bolivia

Tropaeolum Alaska Hybrids(probably a hybrid with T. minus)

Viola Temp. ~500 spp.

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Viola xwittrockianapansy, heart’s ease

VerbenaN. Amer. / S. Amer.

www.hort.cornell.edu

Verbena SuperbenaBurgundy

Verbena bonariensisS. Amer.

Zinnia Mexico / SE US & Mexico Zinnia elegansbedding zinnia

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Zinnia elegans ‘Envy’bedding zinnia

Zinnia angustifolia(Z. haageana ?)narrow-leaf zinnia, Profusion Series

To analyze the charms of flowers is like dissecting music;it is one of those things which is far better to enjoy,than to attempt to fully understand.

- Henry Theodore Tuckerman (1813-71) American writer