perceived caregiver financial barriers and asthma outcomes in urban elementary school children
DESCRIPTION
Perceived caregiver financial barriers and asthma outcomes in urban elementary school childrenMinal R. Patel, MPHDoctoral StudentDepartment of Health Behavior & Health Education University of Michigan School of Public HealthAmerican Thoracic Society International Conference , New Orleans, LouisianaMay 15, 2010Center for Managing Chronic DiseaseUniversity of MichiganTRANSCRIPT
Minal R. Patel, MPHDoctoral StudentDepartment of Health Behavior & Health Education University of Michigan School of Public Health
Perceived caregiver financial
barriers and asthma outcomes in
urban elementary school children
American Thoracic Society International Conference , New Orleans, Louisiana
May 15, 2010
Disclosure Statement
Authors have no conflicts of interests or disclosures to report Minal R. Patel, Melissa A. Valerio, Michael D. Cabana, Janet
M. Coffman, Noreen M. Clark
Study was supported by the National Institutes of Health, National Heart Lung Blood Institute (NIH: HR-56028)
Background
Asthma affects 5.1 million children (Centers for Disease Control )
Higher hospital readmission rates, emergency department re-visits, & more missed school days Neighborhood level poverty (Liu & Pearlman; Halfon & Newacheck)
Persistent asthma severity (Moonie et al.; Walsh-Kelly et al.; Clark et al. 2004)
Background
Financial pressures & disease management
Out-of-pocket costs have been shown to lead to medication underuse and higher use of acute care. (Bender and Rand 2004; Wagner et al., 2008).
The potential impact of a caregiver’s perceptions about cost barriers to obtaining asthma care for their children is not well understood.
Research Question
Is there an association between caregiver perception of financial barriers and health outcomes in their children?
Data Source
Partnership to Control Asthma in Public Schools intervention(Clark et al. 2004)
Design: Randomized controlled trial Baseline caregiver interviews
Demographic characteristics Asthma control Insurance status Health care utilization Missed school days Perceived financial barriers
Study Participation
Initially approached6,351
Returned survey4,576
Eligible to participate
1,217
Agreed to participate
835
Sample (N=835) Caregivers of children with asthma in grades 2-5
Recruitment Inclusion criteria
Analysis
Simple frequencies and descriptive statistics
Chi-square analysis
Multiple logistical regression analysis
Results- Child Characteristics
Factor %
Age (M, SD) 8.40 (1.29)
Sex (% male) 53%
African American 94%
Asthma medication use
Reliever 43%
Controller 16%Asthma Control
Well controlled 69%
Not well/poorly controlled 31%
Results- Household Characteristics
Factor %
Perceived financial barriers (% yes) 9%, (79)
Medicaid 10%
No Insurance (reported at BL) 80%
Income below $40,000 82%
Head of household (% mother) 75%
Results- Associations between perceived financial barriers, household, and child’s asthma
characteristicsFactor Perceived financial barriers due to
asthma N (%)P-value
Yes No
Annual household income
<0.01
<$20,000 58 (76%) 395 (57%)$20,001 - $40,000 13 (17%) 172 (25%)$40,001 - $60,000 4 (5%) 87 (12%)
>$60,001 1 (2%) 44 (6%)Insurance Status NS
Private (% yes) 8 (57%) 74 (47%)Medicaid (% yes) 5 (36%) 81 (52%)
No insurance 65 (82%) 599 (79%)Asthma control <0.0001
Well controlled 31 (39%) 548 (73%)Not well controlled 26 (33%) 105 (14%)Poorly controlled 22 (28%) 102 (13%)
Results- Multivariate Model
Variable Multivariate OR [95% CI]
Emergency department
visits
Hospitalizations
Missed school days
Perceived
financial
barriers (Yes)
2.17 [1.30 to
3.60]**
4.63 [2.40 to
8.92]**
3.76 [1.86 to
7.60]**
Significant Association <0.05* ; <0.01**
Summary of Findings
The majority of caregivers did not perceive financial barriers in obtaining care for their child’s asthma
Parents of lower income and/or with a child whose asthma is not controlled may be more likely to see barriers to receiving care despite insurance status.
Poor outcomes for children were associated with parents’ perceptions of financial barriers to obtaining asthma care.
Limitations
Population predominately African American
Self-report- recall (Cabana et al. 2006; Martin et al., 2000)
Small number of asthma-related acute care events
Implications
Caregiver perceptions have consequences on outcomes
Health care providers can ask caregivers if they perceive specific financial barriers in obtaining medicine and asthma devices
Adjust their clinical recommendations
Prescribe generics or insurance-covered medicines
Refer patients to local community organizations or pharmaceutical assistance programs
Acknowledgments
Thank you to: Noreen M. Clark, PhD
Melissa A. Valerio, PhD, MPH
Michael D.Cabana, MD, MPH
Janet M. Coffman, PhD, MPP
Colleagues at the Center for Managing
Chronic Disease