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PeraturanPeraturanStatutori #3

Trika Pitana

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Trika Pitana

Outlines:

• Overview

– SOLAS 74, as amended

– MARPOL

– STCW

– LOAD LINE 1966

– TONNAGE MEASURMENT 1969TONNAGE MEASURMENT 1969

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SOLAS 74, as amended

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• Chapter 1: General Provision– Includes regulations concerning the survey of the various types of ships 

and the issuing of documents signifying that the ship meets theand the issuing of documents signifying that the ship meets the requirements of the Convention. The Chapter also includes provisions for the control of ships in ports of other Contracting Governments.

• Chapter II‐1 ‐ Construction ‐ Subdivision and stability, machinery and electrical installations

• Chapter II‐2 ‐ Fire protection, fire detection and fire extinction

• Chapter III ‐ Life‐saving appliances and arrangements• Chapter III ‐ Life‐saving appliances and arrangementsThe Chapter includes requirements for life‐saving appliances and arrangements, including requirements for life boats, rescue boats and life jackets according to type of ship. 

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Chapter IV ‐ RadiocommunicationsThe Chapter incorporates the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS). All passenger ships and all cargo ships of 300 gross tonnage and upwards on international voyages are required to carry equipment designed to improve the chances of rescue following an accident, including satellite emergency position indicating radio beacons (EPIRBs) and search and rescue transponders (SARTs) for the location of the ship or survival craft.

Chapter V ‐ Safety of navigation The subjects covered include the maintenance of meteorological services for ships; the ice patrol service; routeing of ships; and the maintenance of search and rescue services.

• This Chapter also includes a general obligation for masters to proceed to the assistance of those in distress and for Contracting Governments to ensure that all ships shall be sufficiently and efficiently manned from a safety point of view.The chapter makes mandatory the carriage of voyage data recorders (VDRs) and automatic ship identification systems (AIS).

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EPIRB

http://www.navtec.de/english/epirb2.htmhttp://www.sarsat.noaa.gov/emerbcns.html

6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Search_and_Rescue_Transponder

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http://www.shinemicro.com/aisoverview.asp

7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_Identification_System

Chapter VI ‐ Carriage of Cargoes The Chapter covers all types of cargo (except liquids and gases in bulk) "which, owing to their particular hazards to ships or persons on board, may require special precautions". The regulations include requirements for stowage and securing of cargo or cargo units (such as containers). The Chapter requires cargo ships carrying grain to comply with the International Grain Code.

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• Chapter VII ‐ Carriage of dangerous goodsThe regulations are contained in three parts:

• Part A ‐ Carriage of dangerous goods in packaged form ‐ includes provisions for the classification, packing, marking, labelling and placarding, documentation and stowage of dangerous goods. Contracting Governments are required to issue instructions at the national level and the Chapter makes mandatory the International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code, developed by IMO, which is constantly updated to accommodate new dangerous 

d d l i i i i igoods and to supplement or revise existing provisions.

• Part A‐1 ‐ Carriage of dangerous goods in solid form in bulk ‐ covers the documentation, stowage and segregation requirements for these goods and requires reporting of incidents involving such goods. 

• Part B covers Construction and equipment of ships carrying dangerous liquid chemicals in bulk and requires chemical tankers to comply with the International Bulk Chemical Code (IBC Code).

• Part C covers Construction and equipment of ships carrying liquefied gases in bulk and gas carriers to comply with the requirements of the International Gas Carrier Code (IGC Code).

• Part D includes special requirements for the carriage of packaged irradiated nuclear fuel, plutonium and high‐level radioactive wastes on board ships and requires ships carrying such products to comply with the International Code for the Safe Carriage of Packaged Irradiated Nuclear Fuel, Plutonium and High‐Level Radioactive Wastes on Board Ships (INF Code).

• The chapter requires carriage of dangerous goods to be in compliance with the relevant provisions of the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG Code).

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• Chapter VIII ‐ Nuclear shipsGives basic requirements for nuclear‐powered ships and is particularly q p p p yconcerned with radiation hazards. It refers to detailed and comprehensive Code of Safety for Nuclear Merchant Ships which was adopted by the IMO Assembly in 1981.

• Chapter IX ‐Management for the Safe Operation of ShipsThe Chapter makes mandatory the International Safety Management (ISM) Code, which requires a safety management system to be established by the shipowner or any person who has assumed responsibility for the ship (the "Company").

• Chapter X ‐ Safety measures for high‐speed craft The Chapter makes mandatory the International Code of Safety for High‐Speed Craft (HSC Code). 

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• Chapter XI‐1 ‐ Special measures to enhance maritime safetyThe Chapter clarifies requirements relating to authorization of recognized organizations (responsible for carrying out surveys and inspections on Administrations' behalves); enhanced surveys; ship identification number scheme; and port State control on operational requirements.

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• Chapter XI‐2 ‐ Special measures to enhance maritime securityRegulation XI‐2/3 of the chapter enshrines the International Ship and Port Facilities Security Code (ISPS Code). Part A of the Code is mandatory and part B contains guidance as to how best to comply with the mandatory requirements. Regulation XI‐2/8 confirms the role of the Master in exercising his professional judgement over decisions necessaryMaster in exercising his professional judgement over decisions necessary to maintain the security of the ship. It says he shall not be constrained by the Company, the charterer or any other person in this respect.

• Regulation XI‐2/5 requires all ships to be provided with a ship security alert system. ,Regulation XI‐2/6 covers requirements for port facilities, providing among other things for Contracting Governments to ensure that port facility security assessments are carried out and that port facility security plans are developed, implemented and reviewed in accordance security plans are developed, implemented and reviewed in accordancewith the ISPS Code.Other regulations in this chapter cover the provision of information to IMO, the control of ships in port, (including measures such as the delay, detention, restriction of operations including movement within the port, or expulsion of a ship from port), and the specific responsibility of Companies.

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• Chapter XII ‐ Additional safety measures for bulk carrierscarriersThe Chapter includes structural requirements for bulk carriers over 150 metres in length.

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MARPOL 73/78

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Outlines

• Status of MARPOL 73/78• Annex I Marpol, Prevention of Pollution by Oilby Oil• Annex II Marpol, Regulation for the control of Pollution by 

Noxious Liquid SubstanceNoxious Liquid Substance• Annex III Marpol, Regulation for the Prevention of Pollution by 

Harmfull Substance Carried by Sea in Package FormHarmfull Substance Carried by Sea in Package Form• Annex IV Marpol, Regulation for the Prevention of Pollution 

by Sewage from ShipSewage from Ship• Annex V Marpol, Regulation for the Prevention of Pollution by Annex V Marpol, Regulation for the Prevention of Pollution by

Garbage from ShipGarbage from Ship• Annex VI Marpol, Regulation for the Prevention of Air Air 

PollutionPollution from Ship

The objective of MARPOL

• Pollution shall be avoided to preserve the h i t i l d thhuman environment in general and the marine environment in particular

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MARPOL Goal

• Complete elimination of pollution

• Minimization of accidental discharge

MARPOL Tools:MARPOL Tools:

Establishing of rules, which óf course must be followed

Status of MARPOL 73/78

AnnexAnnex Come into forceCome into force

II 2 october 19832 october 1983

IIII 6 April 19876 April 1987

IIIIII 1 July 19921 July 1992

IVIV 23 September 200323 September 2003pp

VV 31 December 198831 December 1988

VIVI 19 May 200519 May 2005

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Status of MARPOL 73/78

• Amandment which entry in force on January 20072007

MARPOL Annex I

• Certificate and document– IOPP (International Oil Pollution Prevention) CertificateIOPP (International Oil Pollution Prevention) Certificate

– Oil Record books

– Shipboard oil pollution prevention emergency plan (SOPEP)

– Certificate of insurance or other financial security in respect of civil liability for oil pollution damage

– Enhanced Survey ReportEnhanced Survey Report

– Record of Discharge monitoring and control system for last ballast voyage

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Release of Oil

• Deliberate = Criminal

• Negligent = can be rectified with good educatio and equipment

• Accidental = can be rectified with good education, equipment and arrangement of the cargo compartmentcargo compartment

DefinitionReg. 1

•• OilOilmeans petroleum in any form including crude oil, fuel oil, crude oil, fuel oil, sludge, oil refused and refined productssludge, oil refused and refined products (other thansludge, oil refused and refined productssludge, oil refused and refined products (other than petrochemical which are subject to the provision annex II of the present convention) and, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, includes the substances listed in appendix I to the Annex.

• Oil tanker means a ship constructed or adapted primarily to carry oilcarry oil in its cargo spacescargo spaces and include combination carries yy g pg pand any chemical tanker chemical tanker  as defined in Annex II of the present as defined in Annex II of the present conventionconvention

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MARPOL Art. III

• Application

• 1. the present convention shall apply to:1. the present convention shall apply to:

– (a)  ship entitled to fly the flag of a party to the convention …………………………

3. The present convention shall not apply toshall not apply to any warship, naval auxiliary or other ship owned or operated by a stateother ship owned or operated by a stateand used, for the time being,only on goverment non being,only on goverment non commercial servicecommercial service

How ever, each party shall ensure by the adoption of appropriate measures ‐, that such ships act in a manner ships act in a manner consistent with the present Conventionconsistent with the present Convention

MARPOL Annex 1:

Regulation 2

Application

(1) Unless expressly provided otherwise, the provision of this annex shall appy to all shipsshall appy to all ships

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Control of Discharge oil from Cargo Tank Areas of Oil Tanker

Sea Area Discharge Criteria

Within Special Area No Discharge except Clean or SegregatedWithin Special Area No Discharge except Clean or Segregated Ballast

Outside A Special Area

Less Than 50 N.M. From Land

No discharge except clean or segregrated ballast

More No discharge except ether:More than 50 N.M. from Land

No discharge except ether:

Clean or segregrated ballast, or

1. The tanker is en route

2. The instananeous rate dischare of oil content does not exceed 30 lt per n.m

3. The total quantity of oil discharge does not exceed 1/15000 (for existing tanker)

Control of Discharge oil from Cargo Tank Areas of Oil Tanker

More than 50 N.M. from Land

3. 1/30000 (for new tanker) of the total quantity of cargo which wastotal quantity of cargo which was carried on the previous voyage

4. The tanker has in operation an oil discharge monitoring and control system and slop tank

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Control of Discharge Oil From Machinery Spaces of All ships(within special area)

Ship Type and Size Discharge Criteria

Oil tanker of All SizesAll Sizes and other ship ships > 400 GT [Reg. 10(2)(a) and 10(3)(b)

1. The ship is proceeding en route, and

2. The oil content of the effluent without dillution does not exceed 15 PPM

3. The ship has in operation oil filtering equipment with

i 1 PPM iautomatic 15 PPM stopping device and

Ship < 400 GT other than oil tanker

No dischare except when the oil content of effluent without dillution does not exceed 15 PPM

Control of Discharge Oil From Machinery Spacesof All ships(out side special area)

Ship Type and Size Discharge Criteria

Oil t k f All Si d th 1 Th hi i diOil tanker of All Sizes and other ship ships > 400 GT [Reg. 9(1)(b)

1. The ship is proceeding en route, and

2. The oil content of the effluent without dillution does not exceed 15 PPM

3. The ship has in operation equipment as required by regulation 16 of this annexregulation 16 of this annex

Ship < 400 GT other than oil tanker

Less than 15 PPM or

Retain the bilge water on board and discharge it in reception facilities

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Equpment Machinery SpacesAll ships GT below 400

• As far as practicable and reasonable:

– 15 ppm filtering equipment + automatic stopping device+ slop tank + standart discharge connection

Or

– Bilge water tank or holding tank for sludge + g g gstandard discharge connection

Equipment – Machinery SpacesAll ships GT 400 ‐9999 GT [< 10.000 GT]

Construction/ equipmentConstruction/ equipment RegulationRegulation

No ballast water shall be carried in any fuel oil tank

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Approved oil filtering equipment 15 PPM

16 (4)

Tanks for oil residues 17

Standart discharge connection 19

Oil record book Part I 20

Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plan (SOPEP)

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Equipment – Machinery SpacesAll ships > 10.000 GT

Construction/ equipmentConstruction/ equipment RegulationRegulation

No ballast water shall be carried in any fuel oil tank. OIl shall not be carried in Forepeak tank

14 ???

Approved oil filtering equipment 15 PPM

16 (5)

Tanks for oil residues 17

Standart discharge connection 19

Oil record book Part I 20

Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plan (SOPEP)

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Case StudyWhich discharge oil is allowed from machinery spaces and cargo tank area from ship 

below: in case in side special area and outside special areas

Oil tanker – Product Carrier

Dry cargo ship

Ship D, GT 7365

Ship A, GT 8000

Dry cargo ship

Ship B GT 12370

Crude Oil tanker Ship C, GT 47850

12 N.M

50 N.M

Ship B, GT 12370

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Answer of excersiceInside Special Area

SHIPSHIP Machinery SpaceMachinery Space Cargo Tank AreaCargo Tank Area

AA 1 The ship is proceeding en route No discharge exceptAA 1. The ship is proceeding en route

2. Oil content does not exceed 15 ppm

3. 15 ppm filter equipment + auto stopping device

4. No mixed with oil cargo residue

No discharge except clean or segregated ballast

BB Same as for ship A (Except no 4)

CC Same as for ship A Same as for ship A

DD Same as for ship A (Except no 4)

Answer of excersiceOutside Special Area

SHIPSHIP Machinery SpaceMachinery Space Cargo Tank AreaCargo Tank Area

AA 1. The ship is proceeding en route

2. Oil content less than 15 ppm

3. 15 ppm filter equipment

No discharge except clean or segregated ballast

3. 15 ppm filter equipment

4. No mixed with oil cargo residue

BB 1. The ship is proceeding en route

2. Oil content less than 15 ppm

3. 15 ppm filter equipment + auto stopping device

CC Same as for ship A Clean or segregrated ballast

1 Ship en route1.Ship en route

2. Max 30 L oil/n.m

3. Max. 1/30000 or 1/15000 previous cargo

4. Monitoring and control system in operation

5. Discharge opening above water line

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Answer of excersiceOutside Special Area

SHIPSHIP Machinery SpaceMachinery Space Cargo Tank AreaCargo Tank Area

DD 1 The ship is proceeding en routeDD 1. The ship is proceeding en route

2. Oil content less than 15 ppm

3. 15 ppm filter equipment

Reg 17(1): Capacity of sludge tank

• For ship which do not carry ballast waterdo not carry ballast water in fuel oil tanks, the minimum sludge tank capacity(v1) should be calculated by theminimum sludge tank capacity(v1) should be calculated by the following formula:

• V1 = K1CD (m3)

• Where:

– K= 0.016 for ship where HFO is purrified for main engine use or 0.006 for ship which use DO or HFO oil which does not need require purification before usenot need require purification before use.

– C = Daily fuel oil consumption (m3)

– D = Maximum period of voyage between port  where sludge can be discharge a shore (days) in the absence of precise data, afigure of 30 days should be used.

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Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plan (SOPEP) All Tankers 150 GT and above and All other ships 400 GT and above shall carry 

on board such a plan

•• The procedure to be followed by the masterThe procedure to be followed by the master or other person having charge of the ship to report an oil pollution incident.having charge of the ship to report an oil pollution incident.

•• A list of authorities or/and personsA list of authorities or/and persons to be contacted in th event of an oil pollution incident.

• A detailed description of the action to be taken immediately by persons on board to reduce or control the discharge of oil following incident.

•• The procedures and point of contact on the shipThe procedures and point of contact on the ship for•• The procedures and point of contact  on the shipThe procedures and point of contact  on the ship for coordinating shipboard action with national and local authorities in combating the pollutio.

Oil Spills Cases

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SOPEP

OIl pollution OIl pollution incidentincident

FUNDFUND CLC CLC 1969/19721969/1972

MasterMaster

incidentincident

Coastal StateCoastal State

SARSAR

On scene coordinator

Environment

Flag StateFlag State

Owner of vesselOwner of vessel

Environment department

P& I (Protection& P& I (Protection& indemnify) Clubindemnify) Club

(insurance)

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Reg. 13.F Prevention of oil pollution in the event of 

collision or strading1. This regulation shall apply to oil tanker of 600 tons 

deadweight and above:2. Every oil tanker of 5000 ton deadweigh and above shall:

a) In lieu of reg. 13.b ………., come with the req para 3, unless it is subject to para 4 and 5

b) Comply, …… the req of para 6

3. The entire cargo tank lenght shall be protected by ballast tanks or spaces other than cargo and fuel oil tanks as follows: 

a) Wing tanks or spaces) g pb) Double bottom tanks or spacesc) ……d) ….‐ f

Is it really proof that Double Hull  can eleminate the oil spill accident?? 

• Trigger of Double Hull Reg.E V ld ill d il i P i Willi S d– Exxon Valdez spilled oil in Prince William Sound

– The first time, Double hull implemented in Amerika. It developed D.H in OPA (oil pollution act) 90.

– Then, IMO developed Double Hull reg mentioned in MARPOL Annex I

– What is the reason of enforcement of D.H?•• Political imposementPolitical imposement or scientific resultor scientific result

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Water Ballast Spaces in Oil Tanker

Requirement for new shipRequirement for new ship Requirement for existing shipRequirement for existing shipq pq p

Crude Carrier Crude Carrier above 20.000 above 20.000 DWTDWT

Product Carrier above 30.000 DWT

Crude Carrier Crude Carrier above 40.000 above 40.000 DWTDWT

Product Carrier above 40.000 DWT

SBT with PL + SBT with PL + Crude oil Crude oil washing washing (COW) and (COW) and Inert Gas Inert Gas SystemSystem

SBL with PL SBT OR SBT OR Crude oil Crude oil washing washing (COW) and (COW) and Inert Gas Inert Gas SystemSystem

SBL with CBT

Crude Oil Washing (COW) and Inert Gas System

COW IGSIGS

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Cargo/Ballast – Spaces Oil TankerRequirement for Oil Tanker with GT 150 or above

Construction/equipment/ documentationConstruction/equipment/ documentation RegReg

Ballast Tank 13

T k l i ith t ti b d 15Tank cleaning with retention on board

Slop Tank

Oil water interface detector

Oil discharge monitoring and control system

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Discharge above deepest ballast waterline

Manifold for discharge a shore

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Oil record book Part II (cargo/ ballast operation) 20

Hupothetical outflow of oil 23

Cargo Tank Size limitation 24

Subdivison and stability 25

SOPEP 26