peran perguruan tinggi dalam mendukung riset …
TRANSCRIPT
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Dr. Ir. Hendri DS Budiono M. Eng.
Tim Riset Baterai DTMM
Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia
PERAN PERGURUAN TINGGI DALAM MENDUKUNG RISET
BATERAI UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN MOBIL LISTRIK
(ELECTRIC VEHICLE) DI INDONESIA
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Konsumsi Energi
Total 363 juta barrel
(Neraca pembayaran Indoesia Triwulan
Keempat2011 (Bank Indonesia-Feb2012)
Hasil pembakaran BBM di sektor
transportasi menghasilkan sekitar
75 juta ton CO2 (KLH, 2008)
Kecenderungan meningkat, diprediksi
mencapai 502 juta ton di tahun 2030(Sumber (Peluang dan Kebijakan
Pengurangan Emisi --Laporan Teknis Sektor
Transportasi--Dewan Nasional Perubahan
Iklim, Maret 2010)
Emisi Gas Buang
LATAR BELAKANG
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PERTUMBUHAN KENDARAAN DI INDONESIA
Permasalahan berkaitan dengan mengingkatnya jumlah kendaraan :
• Subsidi BBM untuk transportasi 2014 mencapai 246.49 T [2]
• Polusi emisi kendaraan semakin parah
• Tingkat kemacetan di kota-kota besar semakin parah
Prediksi penjualan 2015 mencapai 7,3 % [1]
Every innovation in automotive industry
Big impact to human life and environment
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KONSUMSI ENERGI: DAMPAK POLUSI & KETERSEDIAAN
Kebutuhan untuk transportasi harian yang
bersih dan efisien
Ketersediaan sumber energi Indonesia
saat ini:
Minyak: 18 tahun
Gas Alam: 47 tahun
Batu bara: 61 tahun
Mengurangi Polusi
Solution: Renewable energy (Green energy ) Mobil Listrik (Electric Car)
PENGEMBANGAN
MATERIAL BATERAI
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MOBIL LISTRIK (ELECTRIC VEHICLE)
Mobil listrik merupakan salah satu
alternatif solusi sarana transportasi
di Indonesia yang ramah
lingkungan dan berkelanjutan,
mendukung cita-cita kemandirian
industri otomotif nasional, dan
ketahanan nasional.
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6
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
03CY
04CY
05CY
06CY
07CY
08CY
09CY
10CY
11CY
12CY
13CY
14CY
15CY
16CY
17CY
18CY
US$ Million/CY BEV
PHEV
HEV
Others
BT
Game
MP3
CAM
DSC
PT
NBPC
Reference: Institute of Information Technology, Japan
HEV, EV and FCV in Japan
HEV in market PHEV
EV
FCHV
HYBRID (HEV) AND ELECTRIC (EV)VEHICLES
ALREADY ON THE ROAD
Courtesy of Dr. Ahiara, Samsung Research, Yokohama, Japan
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1. Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV)
Coverage area 300 km/pengisian
Main Power Bensin / Gas
Battery density 100-150 Wh/kg
2. Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PHEV)
Main Power Dual Power
Battery sama seperti HEV, lebih besar
kalo diinginkan coverage area yang lebih
jauh
3. Pure Electric Vehicles (PEV)
Main power Battery Jika
menginginkan coverage area 300 km,
Dengan kapasitas 1 km per 1 Wh/kg maka
dibutuhkan battery dengan energy density
300 Wh/kg
KEBUTUHAN DENSITAS YANG SANGAT
BESARSumber : http://phev.ucdavis.edu/about/faq-phev/
MOBIL LISTRIK (ELECTRIC VEHICLE) : JENIS DAN SPESIFIKASI
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Endah Yuniarti
H1C006046Seminar Hasil Penelitian
Komponen
Utama
BATERAI
Material ANODA:
o Karbon/Grafit
o Paduan Logam
o Oksida Logam
o Lithium Titanat (Li4Ti5O12)
Lifecycle 500-1000
Komponen utama baterai :
• KATODA,
• ELEKTROLIT
• ANODA
4 Juli 2014
Mobil listrik solusi mengurangi konsumsi energi fosil dan
meminimalkan polusi udara, dan BATERAI adalah kunci penting
penggerak mobil listrik
Material KATODA:
o Lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2)
o Lithium manganese oxide (LiMn2O4)
o Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4)
MOBIL LISTRIK (ELECTRIC VEHICLE)
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Sumber : Scrosati (2013) [4]
PERBANDINGAN BIAYA
KOMPONEN BATERAI [3]
Sumber : Tarascon (2001) [6]
LiFePO4 as Cathode LIB [5]:
• Middle Voltage (3,4 V), Stable
• Cheap
• Safe (Borong Wu , 2011)
(Celine Cluzel, 2012)
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MENGAPA BATERAI LITHIUM ?
KELEBIHAN-KELEBIHAN BATERAI ION LITIUM:
• Kapasitas penyimpanan baik
• Konduktivitas listrik baik
• Optimasi pemakaian hingga 80% dari kemampuannya
• Ringan
• Tidak ada memory effect
• Tahan lama
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KEUNGGULAN BATERAI LI-ION
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STRUKTUR BATERAI LITHIUM-ION
BENTUK-BENTUK BATERAI LITHIUM-ION
https://www.samsungsdi.com/column/technology/detail/55272.html?listType=gallery
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BAHAN AKTIF BATERAI ION LITHIUM
LiCoO2
Li4Ti5O12
LiMn2O4
LiFePO4
Si, Cu, C
BAHAN AKTIF
ELEKTRODA &
ELEKTROLIT
BAHAN AKTIF
CARBON
Titanum (IV)Butoxide,
Fe(C2O4).2H2O
(NH4)2HPO4
LiNO3, Li2CO3
SEPARATOR
KOMPONEN SEL
ELEKTROLIT LiPF6
Al FOIL
Cu – FOIL
PVdF
DMAC
POUCH CELL
BATERE
MODUL
BMS
Al PACKING
STEEL PACKING
ELEKTRONIK
MEKANIK
SOLID STATE, SOL-GEL,
HIDROTHERMAL
DOCTOR BLADE
COATINGSTACKING & SERI
DAN PARALEL
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Sumber Lithium terkonsentrasi di aliran magma, sumber panas bumi, dan underground brine. Sumber lainnya adalah lempung montmorillonit dari geothermal drains, mineral spodumene, dan di sekitar gunung api aktif.
RAW MATERIAL DI INDONESIA
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SAFETY ISSUE
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Cost of lithium batteries in comparison with other rechargeable systems
$0,75
$1,00
$2,45
0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5
NiCd* average
price
NiMH average
price
Li-ion average
price
$ per cell
Battery type Cost (US$/W)
Lead- acid 0.15
Ni-Cd 0.95
Li-ion (C-LiCoO2) 1.35
Li-ion (C-LiMn2O4) 1.10
Ni-MH 2.00
AVERAGE PRICE PER CELL IN 2005
Source : The rechargeable battery market, 2005-2015, June 2006
Source :TIAX, based on MEDI data
COST ISSUE
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Courtesy of Dr. Stefano Passerini, Munster University, Germany
ENERGY ISSUE
Pb-acid 3000 kg
Ni-MH 1200 kg
>500 Wh/kg
Super- Battery < 200kg
Li-ion Batteries
Year Present 2012 2017
140 Wh/kg*
170 Wh/kg*
200 Wh/kg*Estimated
limit of
Lithium-Ion
Technology
Revolutionary
Technology-
Change
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SAMPLE DATA SNAPSHOT
Courtesy : TechSci-Research
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8Source: International Organization of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers (OICA); IEA
(1) Based on 2019 global vehicle production; includes passenger vehicles, heavy trucks, buses and coaches (OICA). Battery
opportunity assumes $100 / KWh and 50KWh+ battery pack.
(2) % of Global Car Stock in 2019 (IEA).
2% PHEV + BEV Penetration²
SafetySolid, non-oxidizable
separator
Energy / Capacity>300 mile range
Fast ChargingCharge in <15 min
Cost< $30K, 300 mile EVs
Battery Lifetime>12 years, >150k miles
Need battery breakthrough to enableelectrification of remaining 98% of market
Customer Requirements for
Mass Market Adoption
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RISET BATERAITiga komponen utama pada baterai:
• anoda,
• elektrolit dan
• katoda
ANODA
Li4Ti5O12 Sn-C nanocomposite dan nano Si
(gain in reliability and in cycle life)
ELEKTROLIT
Conventional : liquid organic our work : LiPF6, gel-polymer
membrane (gain in safety and cell fabrication)
KATODA
Conventional : LiFePO4 our work : C- LiFePO4 composite
Conventional : LiFePO4 doped V coated with C
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ROAD MAP RISET BATERAI DI DTMM-FTUI
2016
LTO / mikro Si
Sol gel,
hidrothermal
200mA/g
2017
LMO doped
V, solid state and
Calcination
3.2 V
2015
LTOdan LFP nano
Cu 100mA/g, 2V
2016
LFP doped V,
solid state and
calcined
2..5 V
High Performace
Battery for EV
End of 2023
Cell battery
assembly
2019-2021
2017
LTO / nano Si
Sol gel,
hidrothermal
LTO/Si oil
400mA/g
ANODE
CATHODE
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Fuel Cell
Hydrogen
Storage
Baterai Li-ion
Teknologi Energi
Alternatif
1
2
3
4
Rapat Energi 150 –
275 mAh/gr[2]
Specific Capacity
Working voltage
Batt Li-ion
LCO
LMO
LFP
NMC
NCA
Keluarga Batt Li-
ion[3]
LiFePO4
LiMnPO4
LiNiPO4
Specific Capacity
170 mAh/gr [1]
Phospho Olivine
batt Li-ion
LiMnPO4 vs. LiFepo4
•Working voltage 4,2 V vs 3,5 V
•Insulator vs semikonduktor
• Difusi Li+ (10-14 cm2/s) vs. (10-5 cm2/s)
•High Power density vs. High Energy
density[1]
Tantangan :
Peningkatan performa
elektrokimia LTO dan LFP
RISET BATERAI
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Si (wafer, micro, nano)
Sn (micro, nano)
Activated carbon, graphite
Zn, Fe, Fe2O3, Ni
ZnO (nanoparticle, nanorod)
graphene
SiOC, SnO2
New
Anoda
Katoda
RISET BATERAI di DTMM-FTUI
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PENCAPAIAN (ACHIEVEMENT)
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Hig
h-C
apac
ity
Li-
ion
Bat
tery
Battery Technology Development for Hybrid and electric vehicles
Synthesize of
Lithium Titanate
by Sol-Gel and
Hydrothermal –
Cell Assembly
Synthesize of
Lithium Titanate
and Silicon with
microsized
composite –
Cell Assembly
Synthesize of
Lithium Titanate
and Silicon &
Silicon oil,
Stannum and
Surface
Templating –
Cell Assembly
Cap
acit
y Ta
rget
100 mAh/g 150 mAh/g 400 mAh/g
Synthesize of
Lithium Titanate
and Silicon
nanocomposite,
Hydrothermal
Treatment –
Cell Assembly
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KINERJA BATERAI ION LITHIUM YANG DIPEROLEH LAB. BATERAI DTMM-FTUI
146 147198 197
230207
270 257
516
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Spe
cifi
c C
ap, m
Ah
/g
YearLTO-1 LTO-HT2 LTO1-nSi10 LTO-HT1-nSi5 LTO-HT2-nSi10
LTO-HT2-nSi15 LTO1-Sn7,5-CT5 LTO1-Sn7,5-CT15 Si-nano 100
PENCAPAIAN (ACHIEVEMENT)
Battery product
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Paten GrantedPENCAPAIAN (ACHIEVEMENT)
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CURRENT RESEARCH ON ACTIVE CATHODE MATERIALS
Sample Variable
LiFePO4 /V Vanadium doped- 3%- 5%- 7 %
LiFePO4 /V + Carbon Vanadium doped- 3%- 5%- 7 %2 types carbon (CNONS + CCAL)
LiFePO4 /V + Carbon Vanadium doped- 3%- 5%- 7 %
LiFe1-0.5Mn0.5PO4/V/C Variation in Fe – Mn
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LAB BATERAI DTMM
@Lt 6 GDG MRC-FTUI
Research Facilities
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PENGEMBANGAN LABORATORIUM BATERAI @Lt 6 GDG MRC-FTUI
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Vigor Glove Box
inert environment for battery assembly
KEBUTUHAN ALAT RISET BATERAI
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WonatechPotensiostatGalvanostat
8 channel cyclic
voltammetry
KEBUTUHAN ALAT RISET BATERAI
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Capacitive Spot Welding
for welding battery electrodes
KEBUTUHAN ALAT RISET BATERAI
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High Speed Ball Milling
for active materials mixing
KEBUTUHAN ALAT RISET BATERAI
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Automatic Coating Machine
for battery electrodes deposition
KEBUTUHAN ALAT RISET BATERAI
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Vacuum Furnace and Drying Oven
for active materials drying and sintering
KEBUTUHAN ALAT RISET BATERAI
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X-ray Diffractometer
for active materials structural analysis
KEBUTUHAN ALAT RISET BATERAI