peopling the archipelago. 1.key features of social, political organization three civilizations or...
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Peopling the Archipelago
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1. Key features of social, political organization• Three civilizations or eras, from
20,000+ bp through 500 ce2. What sorts of evidence? Mainly objects3. What sorts of debates? An obsession
with origins• From where?• Singular vs. multiple sources?
Topics and themes:
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Early Jōmon:
20,000 bp
Glaciers
Volcanoes
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Jōmonpottery
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Jōmon Period
• 20,000 BCE - 300 BCE• Hunters/gatherers• Stone tools• Pit dwellings• Apparently little
wealth disparity or social stratification
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• Matriarchical society?
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http://www2u.biglobe.ne.jp/~KAIGUCCI/e_index.htm
Over 2500 such sites are known
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Edward Sylvestor Morse
1838-1925
See: Christopher Benfey,The Great Wave
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Yayoi Period • Name from Tokyo place
• 300 BCE - 300 CE• Settled
agriculturalists• More sophisticated
pottery• Wet rice agriculture• Use of metal tools,
weapons, bells• Connections to the
Asian mainland
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Yayoi village, artist’s rendition, of ca. 2000 bp
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Site of a Yayoi village
•Social class structure
•Varied village size
•Specialized production
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Possibleroutesof entryfor Yayoiculture
• B and C:Most support
• Mixed withJomon
Start of consistent flow of culture across sea
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Kofun Period
• 300 ce -645 ce• Giant Tombs• Wealth/status disparities
• Sign of early state formation• Rule over distant subjects
• Exact tax of tribute• Legitimacy (ideology)
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Evidence:Tombs (kofun), circa 300 CE through 500sThese: Nintoku and Ritoku, early 400s
Timing
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Haniwa: show up from 5th c. CE (400s)
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Cultural inflow, 400s
• Haniwa• Writing• Better rice and metal technology• More complex political offices, ranks• How delivered?
– Invasion of horseriders (x)– “Japanese” (Wa) conquest and return (x)– Migrants, war refugees (o)
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Who were the earliest people?• Multi-cultural “Japan:” from various
places• Replaces “singular” race or ethnicity
theories of “the Japanese”• Ironically, harks back to wartime
rhetoric of Japan as multi-ethnic empire
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• Three eras: Jōmon, Yayoi, Tomb • Increasingly complex• Mixing, hybrid
• Evidence • Mainly in objects
• Debate: • Over origins, shifting consensus in
shifting present
Summary