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28

ANSWERING FOLIAGE PLANT QUERRIES

Joseph J. Maisano, Jr.

Extension Agent — Horticulture

A living plant creates an environment of life andwarmth in any setting. Research has shown that

people react more favorably toward their fellow manwhile working in an environment of living plants.

During the past few years much emphasis has beenplaced upon the living plant for public buildings andthe home. Many florists, plant shops, and gardencenters have emphasized the use and specialized inthe selling of foliage plants. The growth of thisindustry was so rapid that the supply was not equalto the demand. Many of the plants that went intothe marketplace, and eventually to the consumer,were lost or killed by those who did not understand

their care and culture.

The term "how to grow plants" should be rephrasedto "how do plants grow" when referring to foliage plants,It is in these few words that the understanding of theplant can mean its life or death.

Improper conditioning, light, water, temperature,humidity, and lack of knowledge can discourage thehomeowner from using a living landscape.

The living plant has been a boon to the floristindustry and has carried flower shops and plantstores over the quiet seasons. The purpose of thisarticle is to outline some of the problems and suggestremedies when selling and using foliage plants.

Foliage plants are usually purchased directly froma grower or jobber. When the plants arrive, theyshould be thoroughly checked for insects and diseases

and then conditioned to their new environment. This

can mean a thorough watering to reduce salts, adjustment to new light requirements, repotting, and newtemperatures. The conditioning period may take fromone to three months depending on the plant species andthe time of year. During conditioning, up to l/3 ofthe leaves may yellow and fall as the plant adjusts to

its new environment.

Once acclimated, they are ready to be sold to theretail consumer. This is where the knowledge of"how do plants grow" really pays off. The rightchoice of plant for the home situation goes a longway in creating a satisfied customer. Considerthese factors—light, temperature, air conditioning,fertilization practices, and the individual's willingness to care for the plant.

Light—Some foliage plants are grown in open fields,others in shaded lath houses or greenhouses. Lightis the most critical in fall and winter shipments.Many plants need more light than is usually availableand may require supplemental ligtit to maintainhealth. Consult the various charts on light requirements for specific plant species.

Soil—Plants will arrive in various growing media.The soil should be light and relatively low in fertility . A good light soil mixture could be one partsandy loam or composted soil, one part sphagnumpeat moss, and one part sand or perlite. Heavysoils may prove to be disastrous because the soilholds too much water, reducing aeration, and theplant roots suffocate. The plants respond by turning yellow, dropping leaves, and having a generallyunhealthy appearance. The black coloration in thecenter of Schefflera and the dropping of Ficus leavesis often due to poor root activity. Potting soilsshould be investigated before use. Some containexcessive fertilizer and can damage your crop.

(

SOMETHING UNUSUAL

Most of the fungi growing in the soil are saprophytic.This means that they live on nonliving organic materialsPeat-lite mixes are half sphagnum peat moss, and somefungi find this to be an excellent source of food. Theone pictured here is unusual in that it forms a sporu-lating structure in the form of a toadstool (the wrinkleis abnormal). Many small toadstool-buttons are arisingfrom the medium. The fungal growth was so vigorousthat some attempted to come through the side of thehanging pot. Harmless, but unsightly to the buyer.Some species might be controlled by Dexon-Trubandrench.

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Water—Upon arrival at the shop or greenhouse,some plants should be thoroughly leached to removesome of the salts that may have accumulated in thesoil. Foliage plants should be watered only whennecessary. Water should be applied to thoroughlysoak the soil. Ten percent of the water appliedruns out of Ihe drain hole in Ihe bottom. Foliagedish gardens may be soaked well and then tippedto pour off the excess water.

Some plants have special needs for water.Bromeliads need to be watered only in leaf cups.This plant has little or no roots, so watering thesoil may cause crown rot resulting in loss of theplant.

Fertilizer—Foliage plants need little fertilizer.Many are grown with slow release fertilizer mixedinto or on the surface of the soil. The pellets arethe remaining shells of the slow-release fertilizer.A soil test will help determine nutrient requirementsfor the grower. House plant food, either watersoluble or dry, would be helpful periodically duringthe life of the plant. Most foliage plants are maintained, not really grown, in the home.

Temperature—This will, in part, determine the rateof growth of your plants. From the standpoint of theplant, the night temperature should be about 60°F.However, most foliage plants tolerate temperaturesof 68-72°F. Air conditioning does help to maintainmore even temperatures during the summer.

Humidity—This will vary with the time of year. Inthe greenhouse, mist the foliage during hot days.Supply shade to reduce burning from the sun. Indry shops, humidifiers will be helpful along withmoistening foliage periodically. Remember, someplants respond to high humidity while others do not.

PEST

Snails,Slugs

SpiderMites

Springtails

Thrips

MATERIALSEFFECTIVE

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COMMONINSECTS.

MITESAND

RELATEDPESTS

ON

COMMERCIAL

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CROPS-1975

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Plant Signs You Should Know

1. Lower leaves turn yellow, drop off, loss of roots.Check overwatering, not enough water, pot toosmall.

2. Yellow leaves drop off plant.Gas fumes, rapid change in temperature, changein light intensity, poor drainage, lack of roots.

3. Small or yellow leaves.Poor soil, low light, low fertility.

4. Burn around edge of leaves and leaf tip.Too much fertilizer, too little water, dryingout of soil.

5. Weak or spindly growth.Too little light, low fertility.

6. Spots on leaves or flowers.Fungus diseases, pesticide injury.

7. Black leaf spot.Poor air circulation.

8. Rot at soil level.

Bacteria or fungi, damping-off (brown color),discard plants.

Foliage plants in their wide use today have broughtretail florists to the forefront, especially those whowant to understand "how do plants grow." They havefound them to be profitable, yet frustrating at times dueto insufficient knowledge about pests and proper conditioning.

You can sell plants along with other services suchas rental of foliage plants, rejuvenation of plants, orperiodic plant check-ups. Itfs all up to you if you areto understand "how do plants grow."

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