people, environments and performance current pep research …/file/... · 2016. 9. 2. ·...
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People, Environments and Performance
Current PEP research May 2016
Professor Steve Fotios
Lighting Research: current activity
Lighting for pedestrians
• 4 EPSRC awards, incl. MERLIN 2011-2015 and
MERLIN-2 2015-2018.
• Current light levels have little or no empirical basis.
• Field studies and laboratory experiments carried out
to measure the effects of changes in lighting.
Detecting trip
hazards
Approach / avoid
other people?
Lighting for drivers
• Highways England project
to study effects of fog and
sudden light change.
New guidance published:
the colour of lighting
New guidance in progress:
the amount of light
Lighting Research: current activity
Lighting for cyclists and wheelchair users
• Similar vision to pedestrians but different
visual needs and different vulnerabilities
Lighting for classroomsDaylight and behaviour
LumeNet: PhD
research workshops2011 Lausanne
2012 Sheffield
2013 Copenhagen
2014 Berlin
2015 London
2016 Ghent
2018 Copenhagen
2018 CIE
research
methods
symposium
Lighting Research: Future plans
Scott Fox
Is driving affected by fog and by the
rapid change from lit to unlit sections
of a motorway?
Driving and hazard detection
New apparatus constructed: this simulates
the field of view of a motorway driver.
Detection tasks: (1) detection of a car
moving into the lane ahead, (2) sudden
appearance of a static obstacle.
Lighting conditions:
• 2 types of lamp (according to S/P ratio)
• 3 luminances (0.1, 1.0 and 2.0 cd/m2)
• 3 fog conditions (none, thin, thick).
Driving and hazard detection
Dr Jim Uttley
Current activity – eye-tracking analysis
Need to see 10+ mm obstacle at 3.4 m.
Requires approx. 0.2 – 0.9 lux to see this depending on spectrum and age of observer.
Paper submitted.
We first look at other pedestrians 14 m away, for 500 ms, on average.
Implications for lighting –TBC.
Paper in preparation.
Current activity – effects of ambient
light on active travel27 March – Clocks went forward 1 hour
14 – 18 March
18:30-19:30 - DARK
4 – 8 April
18:30-19:30 - DAYLIGHT
General increase in pedestrians and cyclists during daylight week.
Paper in preparation.
Count of pedestrians & cyclists during dark and daylight weeks
Future plans – lighting and perceived safety
Two approaches:
1. Field experimentSURVEY
Daylight &
dark
SKIN
RESPONSE
Daylight &
dark
2. Police incident
data
Spatial mapping of incident
data with street lighting
location data
Prof Fionn Stevenson
Building Performance Evaluation
• BuPESA EU Marie Curie 2012-2015
• Impact development continuing
• BPE UK/Poland summit 5-6th May
2016 in Wroclaw – Key delegations
from industry, policy and academia
• Mexico UNAM GLOSS BPE following
• 4 journal articles, 2 book chapters,
7 international conference papers
to date
Resilience
• Steering Group member for
‘Architecture and Resilience at
the Human Scale’ at SSoA
• Impact = Co-editing Special Issue
in BRI with 8 research papers
from international conference
• Santander funding for Brazil/UK
housing resilience project 2016
with Fed. Uni of Uberlandia
Sustainable Housing
• ESRC ‘Collaborative Housing
& Resilient Communities’
network with 6 UK Universities.
6 seminars and publications.
• Organised Sheffield Seminar
January 2016, 45 attendees.
Visits to 3 case study developments
• UK Parliamentary Launch June 2016
with key stakeholders and MPs
Dr Ranald Lawrence
Refurbishment of the Glasgow School of Art
The Historic Environment
Perceptions of comfort and control
Understanding the ‘Performance Gap’There is a lack of comprehensive understanding of energy use during building operation and how it influences user comfort
- Comfort and energy efficiency should not be seen as mutually exclusive
- Field surveys outline the impact of user control on perceptions of comfort
- Perceptions of comfort can be improved by increasing the degree of environmental control occupants have without necessarily increasing energy consumption
Impact of climate change in SA
RESILIENT South Africa(Recovering Space, Infrastructure and Livelihoods – Enabling Urban Transformation)
1) Identify socio-economic responses to climate change that are taking place in South Africa
2) Identify priority areas for future research (what do we need to understand better to enable sustainable transformation?)
3) Explore how an improved understanding of the processes of change (e.g. climate data, key performance indicators) can inform the spatial adaptation of the urban environment
Dr Mark Meagher
Mark Meagher: current activity
My research involves applications of building data, open source tools
and bespoke software development for:
• Knowledge capture in design briefing
• Energy simulation in early design
• Visualization of building data for participatory design and analysis
• Structured building data drops are required on public sector projects starting at RIBA
stage 1.
• BIM authoring environments are rarely used and ill-adapted to use at this stage of design.
• Bespoke web-based software for viewing and editing parametric and topological models
provides a link between the largely unstructured early design process (human readable
sketch) and structured data (machine readable BIM model).
Mark Meagher: current activity
Application: TopoBIM: Web Based Tools for Early Stage Design In Healthcare (with Phil Langley)
• Topological representation can be used to capture design constraints and other
information relevant to the design brief as graphs.
• Software was developed with funding from an IIKE collaborative R&D grant (£25K from
University of Sheffield, £12K from industry partner Bryden Wood Limited).
• Use cases are in progress with clients of Bryden Wood Limited.
Mark Meagher: current activity
Application:
Parametric models for energy analysis (with Julien Nembrini)
• Using scripting it is possible to evaluate the sensitivity of building thermal performance to
specific design parameters
• The scripts used to perform this analysis are themselves a valuable record of intention in
the design process
• Visualization and sharing of simulation results provides a better understanding of a
design process informed by simulation
Mark Meagher: Future plans
• Use of topological representation in early stage design:
• Energy and process simulation are both based on a topological
abstraction of the building.
• TopoBIM could provide a basis for early design discussion and
analysis of design options and simulation outcomes, improving
the effectiveness and accuracy of early design simulation.
• Applications in architecture of design methods from open
source software development:
• version control using GIT offers a greater level of control and
transparency in a collaborative environment than currently
available architectural (BIM) version control.
• GIT supports a workflow
Dr Tsung-Hsien Wang
Augmenting BIM for Urban Energy Modelling and AnalysisARUP Global Research Award, 2015-2016
Building Information Modelling and Evaluation: current activity – Urban Energy Modelling
• Integrated Urban Energy Modelling and Simulation- Integrating Building Business Types and Usage Profiles for Consumption Estimation
- Energy Generation and Integration through Existing Electricity Infrastructure
[Status] Sheffield Energy Modelling
carried out to investigate optimal urban
neighbourhood (re)clustering strategies- Sustainable Energy, e.g. solar energy
- Improvements in Resilience
- Trends in behaviours and Technology developmentOptimal building clusters to provide resilient local
generation for essential services, e.g. Fire Station,
NHS Centre, CCTV Control Centre?
Tsung-Hsien Wang, PhD
Building Information Modelling and Evaluation: current activity – Automating Lighting Simulation for Daylight
Glare Index (DGI) Evaluation in China
• DGIChina Software Development - BIM-based approach
- Automatic DGI calculation
DGIChina Challenge
- Modified glare source definition to include the entire window
- Different acceptable threshold values
• DGIChina Protocol Analysis- Glare positions evaluation
- Analysis of stipulated DGIChina thresholds
Clustering by viewing positions
Sky Type Impacts on DGIChina
432 Glare indexes
Spatial Attributes and Optimisation opportunities
Industrial Research Collaborationwith Dr Yichun Huang, Technical Director, EMSI, Shanghai, 2015~ Tsung-Hsien Wang, PhD
Building Information Modelling and Evaluation: Future Plans
Data integration and interoperation
Shape Optimisation for Digital Fabrication
Augmenting BIM for IEQ
Data Acquisition, Integration, Visualisation and Analysis
Scalability - Urban Energy Modelling and Analysis
Visualisation – Full three-dimensional Temporal
Information-rich Building Information Models
Applicability – Code Checking and Validation
Topological Sortable BIM
Sustainability Evaluation and Certification
Automating Lighting Simulation and Analysis
for Sustainability Evaluation Protocols Development
Tsung-Hsien Wang, PhD
Professor Jian Kang
Dr Francesco Aletta
Efstathios Margaritis
Acoustics Research: current
activity
People:~15
Output:~80 publications/year
Network chair:UK NoiseFuture
EU COSTWUN Acoustics
Proposed Impact study
Sound source recognition techniques and the
application in construction and transportation industry
This research can help solve the existing noise problems where the conventional noise control method is not efficient and adequate, such as in the large construction project of London Bridge Station (LBS) redevelopment project. The external partner, Costain, will become an exemplar in utilising the innovative sound source recognition technique in noise management. The results will be disseminated to a wide extent through the LBS project and national conference to both academic and industrial audience (also include local authorities). It is expected that the technique of automatic recognition of environmental sounds would further benefit general areas in noise mapping/control, and have more applications in construction sectors and beyond.
Yang, M., De Coensel, B. and Kang, J. (2015) Presence of 1/f noise in the temporal structure of
psychoacoustic parameters of natural and urban sounds. J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 138(2), 916-927.
Yang, M. and Kang, J. (2015) Automatic recognition technique for construction noise sources. Acoustics in
Practice: European journal of current topics in applied acoustics, Issue 5, 5-10.
Yang, M. and Kang, J. (2013) Psychoacoustic evaluation of natural sounds in soundscapes. J. Acoust. Soc.
Am, 134(1), 840-851. [Invited paper]
- URBAN SOUND PLANNER (SONORUS) [2012-2016] -EU project
- SOUNDSCAPE INDICATORS AND SOUND SOURCE RECOGNITION AND PROPAGATION TECHNIQUE FOR
FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION AND DELIVERY NOISE - EPSRC IIKE 2015
Soundscape descriptors and indicators
Soundscape ≠ Acoustic Environment
(ISO, 2014)
Acoustic Environment PERCEPTION Soundscape
Soundscape mapping
From Noise Maps… …to Sound Maps … …and Soundscape Maps
Road traffic noise Water features Calmness
Soundscape design
Developing a framework for soundscape design
Workshop with students at SoA
Francesco’s Research IMPACT: Outreach
All mentioned articles from Architecture research staff
Green spaces in the urban
context: Their effect on traffic
noise distribution
Noise pollution in European
cities
Are greener cities also quieter?
How do we measure it? Can green spaces help?
Current activity
Radial and linear cities
Urban
activities and
noise levels
in the city
Outputs and future plans
Test site analysis: The effect of green space parameters
on noise levels in the parks.
Final Symposium on
Urban Sound
Planning
September 2016