Pearlean Day, Ph.D student in Public Health

Walden University

PUBH 8165-10Dr. Robert Marino

Summer 2010

West Nile Virusfor Mississippi HealthCare

Providers

What is West Nile Virus? (WNV)?

Where Did WNV begin in the U.S.?

How is WNV transmitted?

What are the symptoms?

What is the epidemiology status of WNV?

How can you reduce the risk of becoming infected?

How is WNV treated after diagnosis?

What is being done about WNV ?

TODAY’S TOPICS

Learning OutcomesHealth Providers will be able to describe the

transmission cycle of mosquito and how humans become infected.

Health Provider will be able to identify risk factors that increase exposure to WNV.

Health Providers will be able to determine the population at risk for contracting WNV.

Learning OutcomeHealth Providers will be able to describe

symptoms of WNV.

Health Providers will be able to develop educational awareness information on WNV for the general public.

Health Providers will know how to avoid mosquito bites to prevent infection.

•Arthropod-borne virus

•Flaviviridae

•Virus spread to human by an infected mosquito

Ref. www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/index.htm

WHAT IS WNV?

•Mosquito-Borne Illness

•Bird-mosquito transmission cycle

•Seasonal epidemic

www.cdc.gov//mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5902a1.htm

•Mosquito-Borne Illness

•Bird-mosquito transmission cycle

•Seasonal epidemic

www.cdc.gov//mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5902a1.htm

Mosquito Borne Illness

•West Nile Encephalitis (WNE)

•St. Louis Encephalitis (SLE)

•Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE)

•La Crosse Encephalitis (LAC)

•Japanese Encephalitis (JE)www.cdc.gov/ncdod/dvbid/westnile/WNV

HISTORY OF WNV

www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/wnv_factsheet.htm

HISTORY OF WNV

www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5902al.ttm

How is WNV transmitted?

www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5905al.htm

WNV TRANSMISSION

CYCLE

www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5902al.htm

EPIDEMIOLOGY

OF WNV

EPIDEMIOLOGY

OF WNV•1999-200828, 961 confirmed and probable cases

11, 822 WNV neuroinvasive disease cases

•Onset July-September

www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5902al.htm

PREVALENCE & INCIDENCE OF WNV

199962 human cases7 deaths

200021 human cases2 deaths

200166 human cases9 deaths

20024156 human cases284 deaths

20042539 human cases100 deaths

2005human cases16 deaths

SYMPTOMS OF WNV

www.cdc.gov/ncdod/dvbid/westnile/mnv_factsheet.htm

SYMPTOMS OF THE VIRUSFever

Lack of appetite

Vomiting

Nausea

Abdominal pain

Back pain

Headache

Muscle aches

Sore throat

www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile_factsheet.htm

SYMPTOMS

Encephalitis —Inflammation of the brain

Meningitis —Inflammation of the membrane

covering the brain and spinal cord

Poliomyelitis—Paralysis combined with fever and meningitis

www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dv/westnile/qa/transmission.htm

SYMPTOMS

About 1/150 people infected with the virus develop neurologic symptoms.

www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile_factsheet.htm

COMPLICATIONS

Complication from severe WNV infection include:

• Permanent brain damage

• Permanent muscle weakness (sometimes similar to polio)

• Death

www.cdc.govncidod/dvdod/westnile/wnv_factsheet.htm

SCREENING OF WNV SYMPTOMS

www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/wnv_factsheet.htm

Mississippi WNV StatisticsIn 2009

WEST NILE VIRUS HUMAN CASES- TOTAL: 53

MS COUNTIES

•Clay 01•Desoto 01•Forrest 10•Harrison 07

•Hinds 08•Jackson 01•Lamar 02•Lee 03

•Leflore 01

2009 CASES

•Marion 01•Marshall 01•Monroe 02•Neshoba 01•Pearl River 02

•Pike 01•Prentiss 01•Quitman 01•Rankin 07•Washington 02

PREVENTION

www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvd/westnile/wnv_favctsheet.htm

Personal Prevention

personalprotection

mosquito control

www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvdid/westnile/wnv_factsheet.htm

Prevention

www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbidwestnile/wnv_favtsheet.htm

ArboNet

www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5902al.htm

REPORTING SUSPECTED WNV INFECTION

www.cdc.ncidod/dvbid/westnile/wnv_factsheet.htm

MOSQUITO BREEDINGZONES

www.cdc.gov/ncidod/bid/westnile/qa/transmission.htm

CALL YOUR HEALTHCARE PROVIDER

www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/mnv_factsheet.htm

WNV Outlook

•Nationwide electronic database•Faster tests to detect WNV•Education tools•New test laboratories•Vaccines

www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/mnv_factsheet.htm

PUBLIC HEALTH ACTION

•Elderly

•Human Vaccines

•Education Programs

THANK YOU

REFERENCESCenters for Disease Control and Prevention. (2010). Surveillance for human

West Nile Virus Disease --United States, 1999-2008. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR). 59(SS020;)pp. 1-17. Retrieved July 2, 2010, from http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5902a.htm.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2010). West Nile Basic. Retrieved July 5, 2010 from http://www.cdc/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/qatransmission.htm

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2010). West Nile Virus: What you Need to Know, CDC Factsheet. Retrieved July 5, 2010, from http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/mnv_factsheet.htm Schneidner, M. J. (2006). Introduction to Public Health. (3rd Edition).Sudbury, MA: Jones and Barlett.

Further Resources Tsai, T.F., Vaughn D.W., Solomon, T. (2005). Flaviviruses(Yellow

fever, Dengue, Dengue hemorrhagic fever, Japanese encephalitis, West Nile encephalitis, St. Louis encephalitis, Tick-borne encephalitis). In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 6th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone.

Naides, S. J.(2007). Arthropod-borne viruses causing fever and rash syndromes. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier.

Bleck, T.P. (2006). Arthropod-borne viruses affecting the central nervous system. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier .

QUESTIONS

?