peace corps rwanda welcome book - march 2013

7/28/2019 Peace Corps Rwanda Welcome Book - March 2013

1/80

]JCEJ EH[]U | [^CGOC ^JFEH@J KHHD3

_AJ ]JCEJ EH[]U^JFEH@JU YHZ _H

[wcgoc

C ]JCEJ EH[]U ]ZKFIEC_IHG BH[ GJ^RHFZG_JJ[U

@crea ;=35


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]JCEJ EH[]U | [^CGOC ^JFEH@J KHHD;

[wcgoc @cp

Zsjo wita pjr`issihg brh` taj Ojpcrt`jgt hb Utctj


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^JFEH@J ]JCEJ EH[]U/[^CGOC

IGRI_JJU

Ehgnrctufctihgs hg yhur igvitctihg th sjrvj wita ]jcejEhrps/[wcgoc. _ais ^jfeh`j Khhd wiff ajfp yhu ugojrstcgo wactth jxpjet hvjr taj gjxt bjw `hgtas cgo ig-ehugtry, cgo nivj yhu

kcednrhugo ckhut [wcgoc, its pjhpfj, cgo prjpcrign yhursjfb bhryhur whrd ajrj cs c ]jcej Ehrps Rhfugtjjr (]ER). _ais khhd is c

lhigt jbbhrt ky eurrjgtfy sjrvign Rhfugtjjrs cgo ]jcej Ehrpsajcoqucrtjrs th cssurj tact taj `hst scfijgt phigts crj ehvjrjo. ]fjcsjbfjsa hut tais igbhr`ctihg tarhuna Igtjrgjt sjcreajs cgo hfo-bcsaihgjo

kcednrhugo rjcoign.

Cs yhu crj ugohuktjofy cwcrj, [wcgoc jxpjrijgejo sjrihus jtagieoivisihg tact euf`igctjo ig c eivif wcr cgo c trcnie njgheioj ig taj

399=s. [wcgoc acs kjjg whrdign vjry oifinjgtfy th ajcf tajsj secrscgo acs `coj nrjct striojs. I whufo urnj yhu th ugojrstcgo tais pcstcgo tajg oh cs taj vcst `clhrity hb [wcgocgs oh< Fhhd kjyhgo it thtaj eacffjgnjs hb taj prjsjgt cgo taj buturj. [wcgoc bcejsojvjfhp`jgt issujs eh``hg ig suk-Ucacrcg Cbriecg< c fi`itjogcturcf rjshurej kcsj, fhw fjvjfs hb whrdign ecpitcf, fhw rctjs hbjouectihgcf cttcig`jgt, cgo singibiecgt ajcfta eacffjgnjs.

Cooitihgcffy, [wcgoc acs c vjry aina phpufctihg ojgsity._aj nhho gjws is tact [wcgoc acs ojoiectjo eitizjgs whrdign therjctj c sheijty hb pjcej, stckifity, cgo prhspjrity. _ajir nhvjrg`jgt

prhviojs fjcojrsaip ig tais jbbhrt, bcejs issujs oirjetfy, cgo whrds thbhstjr rjehgeifictihg cgo ojvjfhp`jgt. _aj [wcgocg nhvjrg`jgtwhrds efhsjfy wita taj Z.U. nhvjrg`jgt, rjejivjs C`jriecgcssistcgej, cgo acs igvitjo taj ]jcej Ehrps th eh`j th [wcgoc th

kuifo ecpceity c`hgn taj pjhpfj ct taj nrcssrhhts fjvjf.

[wcgoc is c bcseigctign cgo eacffjgnign pfcej th sjrvj cs cRhfugtjjr. _aigns crj eacgnign quiedfy ajrj ig sh`j cspjets hb fibj._ajsj eacgnjs brjqujgtfy j`cgctj brh` taj ejgtjr hutwcro brh`


4/80

]JCEJ EH[]U | [^CGOC ^JFEH@J KHHD?

taj ecpitcf hb Dincfi thwcro htajr urkcg crjcs cgo tajg th taj

ehugtrysioj cgo hbtjg brh` taj thp ohwg, wita strhgn oirjetihgbrh` taj nhvjrg`jgt (sjj taj Risihg ;=;= pfcgattp


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_CKFJ HB EHG_JG_U

C ^jfeh`j Fjttjr 5

_aj _arjj ]jcej Ehrps Nhcfs 9

Ehrj Jxpjetctihgs Bhr ]jcej Ehrps Rhfugtjjrs 9

]jcej Ehrps/[wcgoc Aisthry cgo ]rhnrc`s 33

Aisthry hb taj ]jcej Ehrps ig [wcgoc 33

Aisthry hb ]jcej Ehrps ]rhnrc`ìgn ig [wcgoc 3;

Ehugtry Hvjrvijw< [wcgoc ct c Nfcgej 3:

Aisthry 3:Nhvjrg`jgt ;=

Jehgh`y ;3

]jhpfj cgo Eufturj ;;

Njhnrcpay cgo Jgvirhg`jgt ;?

[jshurejs bhr Burtajr Igbhr`ctihg ;:

Njgjrcf Igbhr`ctihg ckhut [wcgoc ;2

Ehggjet îta [jturgjo Rhfugtjjrs cgo Htajr Igvitjjs ;>

[jeh``jgojo Khhds cgo Bif`s ;1

Fivign Ehgoitihgs cgo Rhfugtjjr Fibjstyfj 53

Eh`ùgiectihgs 53Ahusign cgo Uitj Fhectihg 5?

Fivign Cffhwcgej cgo @hgjy @cgcnj`jgt 52

Bhho cgo Oijt 52


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^act @inat C Rhfugtjjr Bcej8 2;]hssikfj Issujs bhr Bj`cfj Rhfugtjjrs 2; ]hssikfj Issujs bhr Rhfugtjjrs hb Ehfhr 2; ]hssikfj Issujs bhr Ujgihr Rhfugtjjrs 25 ]hssikfj Issujs bhr Ncy, Fjskicg, hr Kisjxucf Rhfugtjjrs 25 ]hssikfj [jfinihus Issujs bhr Rhfugtjjrs 25 ]hssikfj Issujs bhr Rhfugtjjrs wita Oisckifitijs 2?]hssikfj Issujs bhr @crrijo Rhfugtjjrs 2?

Brjqujgtfy Csdjo Sujstihgs 2:

]cedign Fist >3

]rj-ojpcrturj Eajedfist >2

Ehgtcetign ]jcej Ehrps Ajcoqucrtjrs >9


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_AJ _A[JJ ]JCEJ EH[]U NHCFU

Ig 3923, ]rjsiojgt Lhag B. Djggjoy jstckfisajo taj ]jcej Ehrps th prh`htj whrfo pjcej cgo brijgosaip.

_aj ]jcej Ehrps `issihg acs tarjj si`pfj nhcfs `hgtas

;. Eh``it th i`prhvign taj qucfity hb fibj hb taj pjhpfj witawah` yhu fivj cgo whrd4 cgo, ig ohign sh, sacrj yhur sdiffs,cocpt taj`, cgo fjcrg gjw sdiffs cs gjjojo

5. Ujrvj wajrj taj ]jcej Ehrps csds yhu th nh, ugojr ehgoitihgshb acrosaip, ib gjejsscry, cgo wita taj bfjxikifity gjjojo bhrjbbjetivj sjrviej

?. [jehngizj tact yhur sueejssbuf cgo sustcigckfj ojvjfhp`jgt


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]JCEJ EH[]U | [^CGOC ^JFEH@J KHHD3=

whrd is kcsjo hg taj fhecf trust cgo ehgbiojgej yhu kuifo ky

fivign ig, cgo rjspjetbuffy igtjnrctign yhursjfb igth, yhur ahsteh`ùgity cgo eufturj

:. [jehngizj tact yhu crj rjsphgsikfj ;? ahurs c ocy, > ocys cwjjd bhr yhur pjrshgcf ehgouet cgo prhbjssihgcf pjrbhr`cgej

2. Jgncnj wita ahst ehugtry pcrtgjrs ig c spirit hb ehhpjrctihg,ùtucf fjcrgign, cgo rjspjet

>. ^hrd witaig taj rufjs cgo rjnufctihgs hb taj ]jcej Ehrps cgotaj fhecf cgo gctihgcf fcws hb taj ehugtry wajrj yhu sjrvj

1. Jxjreisj luon`jgt cgo pjrshgcf rjsphgsikifity th prhtjet yhurajcfta, scbjty, cgo wjff-kjign cgo tact hb htajrs

9. [jehngizj tact yhu wiff kj pjrejivjo, ig yhur ahst ehugtry cgo

eh`ùgity, cs c rjprjsjgtctivj hb taj pjhpfj, eufturjs, vcfujs,cgo trcoitihgs hb taj Zgitjo Utctjs hb C`jriec

3=. [jprjsjgt rjsphgsivjfy taj pjhpfj, eufturjs, vcfujs, cgotrcoitihgs hb yhur ahst ehugtry cgo eh`ùgity th pjhpfj ig tajZgitjo Utctjs khta ourign cgo bhffhwign yhur sjrviej


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]JCEJ EH[]U/[^CGOCAIU_H[Y CGO ][HN[C@U

Aisthry hb taj ]jcej Ehrps ig [wcgoc

_aj birst nrhup hb ]jcej Ehrps Rhfugtjjrs crrivjo ig [wcgoc ig39>:. ]rhnrc``ign stcrtjo wita tarjj Rhfugtjjrs whrdign igugivjrsity jouectihg, cgo fctjr jxpcgojo igth bisajrijs cgocnrieufturj. Ahwjvjr, ouj th c fi`itjo gu`kjr hb rjqujsts bhrRhfugtjjrs brh` taj nhvjrg`jgt hb [wcgoc, taj ]jcej Ehrpswitaorjw its pjr`cgjgt stcbb cgo taj s`cff prhnrc` wcs `cgcnjowita taj ajfp hb taj Z.U. J`kcssy.

Ig 391: cgo 3912, prhnrc` cssjss`jgts igoiectjo tact tajrj wcs phtjgticf bhr jxpcgsihg hb taj ]jcej Ehrps prhnrc`, pcrtieufcrfy ig


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]JCEJ EH[]U | [^CGOC ^JFEH@J KHHD3;

crjcs hb bhrjstry cgo ehhpjrctivj jxtjgsihg. îta nrhwta ig ìgo, taj

]jcej Ehrps sjgt c pjr`cgjgt rjprjsjgtctivj th [wcgoc ig 391>. Ig3911, cg cssheictj ]jcej Ehrps oirjethr wcs coojo th jgacgej prhnrc`ìgn. Ig cooitihg th taj hrinigcf prhnrc`s ig ugivjrsityjouectihg, cnrieufturj, cgo bisajrijs, ]jcej Ehrps/[wcgoc kjncg gjwigitictivjs ig ehgsjrvctihg cgo ajcfta. Ahwjvjr, ig Bjkrucry 3995,sjvjrj phfitiecf igstckifity ig [wcgoc fjo th taj jvceuctihg hb cffRhfugtjjrs. _aj hbbiej jvjgtucffy efhsjo ig Cprif 399?. Cff rjehros

wjrj kurgjo ky taj Z.U. J`kcssy, fjcvign vjry fittfj oheu`jgtctihghb ]jcej Ehrps hpjrctihgs brh` 39>:95.

Hg Lufy 3:, ;==>, taj birst cssjss`jgt tjc` trcvjfjo th [wcgoc thjxpfhrj taj vickifity hb rj-jstckfisaign ]jcej Ehrps hpjrctihgs. Brh`taj igiticf `jjtigns it kjec`j efjcr tact khta taj eh`ùgity cgo tajeurrjgt nhvjrg`jgt hb [wcgoc wjrj jcnjr th wjfeh`j taj ]jcejEhrps kced th taj ehugtry. Hg Lufy 31, ;==1, Z.U. C`kcsscohr@ieacjf Crijtti cgo Ujerjtcry Njgjrcf hb taj @igistry hb BhrjingCbbcirs hb taj [jpukfie hb [wcgoc C`cgoig [unirc singjo cgcnrjj`jgt hbbieicffy rj-jstckfisaign taj Z.U. ]jcej Ehrps prhnrc` ig[wcgoc.

Aisthry cgo Buturj hb ]jcej Ehrps ]rhnrc`ìgn ig

[wcgoc_aj birst nrhup hb ]jcej Ehrps Rhfugtjjrs whrdjo ig taj crjcs hbjouectihg, cnrieufturj, cgo ajcfta ugtif 3995, wajg taj jruptihg hb

phfitiecf cgo jtagie ehgbfiet jsecfctjo igth c njgheioj ig waieaaugorjos hb tahuscgos hb [wcgocgs wjrj diffjo. [wcgoc acs sigejj`jrnjo cs c ugiquj jxc`pfj hb erhss-jtagie ajcfign cgo phst-ehgbfiet rjehgstruetihg. _aj nhvjrg`jgt hb [wcgoc (Nh[) is cetivjfyfhhdign th taj buturj, cgo it acs rjqujstjo taj cssistcgej hb ]jcejEhrps Rhfugtjjrs th ajfp ecrry hut its Risihg ;=;= cgoojejgtrcfizctihg pfcg, waiea strhgnfy bheusjs hg eh`ùgityojvjfhp`jgt, ajcfta, cgo AIR/CIOU.


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AIR prjvcfjgej ig [wcgoc is jsti`ctjo th kj 5.3 pjrejgt c`hgn

coufts cnjs 3:?9. Ceehroign th stctisties, urkcg crjcs acvj ainajrAIR prjvcfjgej tacg rurcf crjcs, cgo wh`jg crj ct ainajr risd hb AIRigbjetihg tacg `jg. Yhugn wh`jg cnjs 3:;? crj twiej cs fidjfy th

kj igbjetjo wita AIR cs yhugn `jg ig taj sc`j cnj nrhup. _aj Nh[cgo its pcrtgjrs, igefuoign _aj ]rjsiojgts J`jrnjgey ]rhnrc` bhrCIOU [jfijb (]J]BC[), taj ^hrfo Kcgd, cgo taj Nfhkcf Bugo, crjwhrdign th i`prhvj cgo jxpcgo AIR/CIOU sjrviejs. Cs taj

cvcifckifity hb ajcfta sjrviejs jxpcgos th ojcf wita `cfcric (witasupphrt brh` taj ]rjsiojgts @cfcric Igitictivj) cgo AIR/CIOU, cgobcìfy pfcggign cgo `ctjrgcf cgo eaifo ajcfta sjrviejs i`prhvj,strctjnijs th igerjcsj taj oj`cgo bhr tajsj sjrviejs crj gjjojo. _ajrjis cfsh c gjjo th strjgntajg figdcnjs c`hgn eh`ùgitijs, ajcftabceifitijs, cgo htajr sjrviej prhviojrs th prh`htj kjacvihr eacgnj cgoth cohpt ajcftaijr fibjstyfjs. Ig cooitihg, hbbieicfs `cgcnigncoìgistrctivj hbbiejs ct taj fhecf nhvjrg`jgtcf fjvjf brjqujgtfy fcedcojquctj trcigign th pjrbhr` tajir outijs ct buff ecpceity, cgo eivifsheijty ig [wcgoc is rjfctivjfy gjw cgo wjcd.

îta taj singign hb taj ;==1 cnrjj`jgt, ]jcej Ehrps/[wcgoc rj-jstckfisajo its prjsjgej wita c pukfie ajcfta prhljet. Cg igiticf nrhuphb 5: Rhfugtjjrs ehffckhrctjo wita htajr Z.U. nhvjrg`jgt pcrtgjrs thojvjfhp taj ecpceity hb fhecf ajcfta ejgtjrs cgo eh`ùgity-kcsjo

hrncgizctihgs th pfcg, ehhroigctj, cgo ojfivjr AIR/CIOU sjrviejs.Ajcfta Rhfugtjjrs whrd wita vcrihus pcrtgjrs, igefuoign [wcgocgcoìgistrctivj cutahritijs, igtjrgctihgcf hrncgizctihgs, cgo htajr

privctj sjethr pcrtgjrs ct taj oistriet, sjethr, cgo ejff fjvjfs thstrjgntajg tajir jbbhrts ig AIR jouectihg, prjvjgtihg, cgo ecrjcetivitijs. Rhfugtjjrs cfsh whrd wita pcrtgjrs th kuifo taj ecpceity hbAIR/CIOU-bheusjo hrncgizctihgs ky prhvioign cssistcgej ig taj crjcs

hb strctjnie pfcggign, `hgithrign cgo jvcfuctihg, cgo prhljetojvjfhp`jgt. _aj fhgn-tjr` hkljetivj hb taj whrd ugojrtcdjg kyAjcfta Rhfugtjjrs is tact pjhpfj cgo bcìfijs fivign wita CIOU wiffacvj igerjcsjo ceejss th prjvjgtihg, ecrj, cgo trjct`jgt sjrviejs, cgotact taj ecrj tajy acvj ceejss th is eh`prjajgsivj cgo prhviojo ky c


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]JCEJ EH[]U | [^CGOC ^JFEH@J KHHD3?

strjgntajgjo gjtwhrd hb nhvjrg`jgtcf cgo eivif sjrviej prhviojrs.

Ig fctj ;==9, ]jcej Ehrps/[wcgoc coojo cg jouectihg eh`phgjgt thtaj prhnrc`. Jouectihg Rhfugtjjrs whrd wita sjehgocry seahhfs (tajC`jriecg jquivcfjgt hb `ioofj cgo aina seahhfs) th tjcea Jgnfisa,`cta, seijgej, cgo igbhr`ctihg tjeaghfhny. Ig cooitihg th tjceaign igtaj efcssrhh`, Jouectihg Rhfugtjjrs ajfp `jgthr htajr tjceajrs hgjouectihg `jtahohfhny cgo fjcrgjr-ejgtjrjo jouectihg tjeagiqujs._ajy cfsh whrd hutsioj hb taj seahhfs hg sjehgocry prhljets tactigefuoj sphrts efuks, stuoy sdiffs `jgthrign, fikrcry ojvjfhp`jgt,yhuta fibj sdiffs trcigign, AIR/CIOU prjvjgtihg, cgo s`cff igeh`j-njgjrctign prhljets. Jouectihg Rhfugtjjrs acvj kjjg c vcfuckfjrjshurej ourign taj [wcgocg nhvjrg`jgts saibt brh` Brjgea thJgnfisa cs taj fcgnucnj hb igstruetihg ig seahhfs cgo ig tajir jbbhrts th

prhvioj taj birst gigj yjcrs hb jouectihg bhr cff stuojgts.

^ita taj cooitihg hb taj Jouectihg sjethr, taj ]jcej Ehrps/[wcgoc prhnrc` acs nrhwg brh` taj birst 5: Ajcfta Rhfugtjjrs th c thtcf hbckhut 33= Rhfugtjjrs, wita ckhut twh-tairos kjign sjrvign ig tajJouectihg sjethr.


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]JCEJ EH[]U | [^CGOC ^JFEH@J KHHD3:

EHZG_[Y HRJ[RIJ^

tcff wita `hrj Ecuecsicg ghsjs, waifj Autus wjrj tahunat th kj sahrt

wita bfct ghsjs. Ig taj fctj 39:=s, taj Autu `clhrity kjncg th oj`cgorjprjsjgtctihg prhphrtihgcf th tajir gu`kjrs cgo phfitiecf pcrtijs wjrjbhr`jo kcsjo hg jtagie figjs. _aj `hst igbfujgticf nrhup wcs taj]crty hb taj Autu J`cgeipctihg @hvj`jgt (]C[@JAZ_Z),cftahuna tajrj wjrj htajr Autu cgo _utsi pcrtijs bhr`jo ct taj sc`jti`j. _aj 39:> Kcautu @cgibjsth cssjrtjo tact taj prhkfj`s hb[wcgoc wjrj ouj th Kjfnicg rufj cgo c kcsie ehgbfiet kjtwjjg Autu

cgo taj Acìtie bhrjingjrs (_utsi). Ig 39:9, taj Kjfnicgnhvjrg`jgt cgghugejo tact it wcs pfcggign th nrcgt igojpjgojgej th[wcgoc cgo kjncg th ois`cgtfj taj _utsi-ohìgctjo phfitiecfstrueturjs tact it aco supphrtjo. âjg phfitiecffy igspirjo jtagievihfjgej krhdj hut, it quiedfy fjo th c wiojsprjco Autu phnrh`,sh`jti`js rjbjrrjo th cs taj birst njgheioj. Augorjos hb tahuscgoshb _utsi wjrj diffjo cgo cg jsti`ctjo 32=,=== _utsi bfjo th Zncgoc,Ehgnh, _cgzcgic, cgo Kurugoi kjtwjjg 39:923. _aj Kjfnicgs tajgcpphigtjo cpprhxi`ctjfy 5== Autu th rjpfcej _utsi eaijbs cgo suk-eaijbs wah aco kjjg diffjo, ojphsjo, hr si`pfy bfjo ourign tajuprisign. Kjfniu` tajg jstckfisajo c gjw igoinjghus ìfitcry bhrej

kcsjo hg jtagie prhphrtihgcfity< 1: pjrejgt Autu, 3: pjrejgt _utsi.

Cbtjr @wcì Dinjfi R wcs ojphsjo ourign taj 39:9 igsurrjetihg, cZ.G.-supjrvisjo rjbjrjgou` ig Ujptj`kjr 3923 ckhfisajo taj

`hgcreay, cgo taj siùftcgjhus pcrfic`jgtcry jfjetihgs rjsuftjo ig cAutu `clhrity nhvjrg`jgt. ]C[@JAZ_Z bhugojr NrnhirjDcyikcgoc wcs jfjetjo ky taj ]crfic`jgt th kjeh`j [wcgocs birst

prjsiojgt ig Hethkjr 3923, cgo Kjfniu` nrcgtjo igtjrgcf cuthgh`y thtaj Dcyikcgoc nhvjrg`jgt ig Lcgucry 392;. _aj Z.G. tjrìgctjo tajKjfnicg `cgoctj ig Lufy 392;, cgo [ucgoc-Zrugoi wcs spfit igth twhehugtrijs, [wcgoc cgo Kurugoi. Cf`hst i``joictjfy, cr`jo nrhups

hb _utsi rjbunjjs ig gjinakhrign ehugtrijs kjncg c sjrijs hbigeursihgs cncigst taj Autu-fjo [wcgocg nhvjrg`jgt. _ajsj cttcedsigeitjo rjpriscfs cncigst _utsi stiff ig [wcgoc. _aj _utsi fjcojrs wahaco rj`cigjo ig [wcgoc wjrj jxjeutjo witahut tricf, jbbjetivjfyojstrhyign taj twh _utsi phfitiecf pcrtijs cgo jgoign _utsi


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pcrtieipctihg ig nhvjrg`jgt ct cff fjvjfs.

Jtagie vihfjgej jruptjo cncig ig 39>5, kut shhg ojtjrihrctjo igthnjgjrcf eachs. Ig Lufy 39>5, Dcyikcgoc wcs hvjrtarhwg ig c ìfitcryehup fjo ky @cl. Njg. Luvjgcf Ackycri`cgc, wah oisshfvjo khta taj

Gctihgcf Cssj`kfy cgo taj ]C[@JAZ_Z ]crty cgo ckhfisajo cff phfitiecf cetivity. ]rjsiojgt Ackycri`cgc jstckfisajo c hgj-pcrty phfitiecf systj` ig 39>: dghwg cs taj Gctihgcf [jvhfutihgcry@hvj`jgt bhr Ojvjfhp`jgt (@[GO). Jfjetihgs ig 39>1 scw tajcohptihg hb c gjw ehgstitutihg, cgo Ackycri`cgc wcs ehgbir`jo cs

prjsiojgt. Aj wcs rjjfjetjo ig 3915 cgo cncig ig 3911, kut ig 399=,Ackycri`cgc bcejo prjssurj bhr phfitiecf rjbhr` cgo cgghugejo aisigtjgtihg th trcgsitihg th c ùftipcrty oj`hercey.

_aj Ackycri`cgc nhvjrg`jgt rjbusjo th cffhw _utsi rjbunjjs thrjturg th [wcgoc, eitign tact [wcgoc wcs buff cgo tajrj wcs gh

rhh` bhr rjbunjjs th sjttfj. _ais igeitjo taj _utsi rjbunjjs ig Zncgocth bhr` wact kjec`j dghwg cs taj [wcgocg ]ctrihtie Brhgt ([]B) ig391>. _aj []B aco c ìfitcry wign dghwg cs taj [wcgocg ]ctrihtieCr`y ([]C), wahsj binatjrs aco kjjg trcigjo ky taj Zncgocg Cr`y._aj []C fcugeajo its birst cttceds igth [wcgoc ig Hethkjr 399=,igitictign c eivif wcr. Ig Lufy 399;, gjnhtictihgs kjncg ig Crusac,_cgzcgic, kjtwjjg taj []B cgo taj [wcgocg nhvjrg`jgt. Hg Cprif

2, 399?, taj cirpfcgj ecrryign ]rjsiojgt Ackycri`cgc cgo taj prjsiojgt hb Kurugoi wcs saht ohwg hg cg cpprhcea th Dincfi, diffign khta. Cf`hst i``joictjfy, taj [wcgocg ifitcry cgo ifitcry-trcigjoyhuta ìfitic nrhups dghwg cs Igtjrcac`wj sjt up rhcokfheds crhugoDincfi cgo kjncg csscssigctign hpphsitihg phfitieicgs, igefuoign]ri`j @igistjr Cnctaj Zwifigniyi`cgc (cgo taj 3= Kjfnicg Z.G.shfoijrs cssingjo th prhtjet ajr). Gjxt tcrnjtjo wjrj `hojrctj

phfitieicgs cgo eivificgs (khta Autu cgo _utsi), suea cs lhurgcfists,au`cg rinats cetivists, rjprjsjgtctivjs hb ghgnhvjrg`jgtcfhrncgizctihgs (GNHs), cgo eivif sjrvcgts. _aj diffign sprjco quiedfycerhss taj ehugtry, jvjgtucffy kjehìgn c njgjrcfizjo `csscerj hb_utsis. It is jsti`ctjo tact kjtwjjg 1==,=== cgo 3 ìffihg _utsis cgo


19/80


`hojrctj Autus wjrj sfcunatjrjo.

Ig rjsphgsj th taj diffigns, taj []C rjgjwjo its hbbjgsivj, ufti`ctjfyrhutign taj [wcgocg Cr`jo Bhrejs (BC[), waiea bfjo, cfhgn witataj Igtjrcac`wj, th taj Oj`herctie [jpukfie hb Ehgnh (O[E). Cs`cgy cs ; ìffihg [wcgocgs, `cigfy Autu, shunat rjbunj ig O[E,_cgzcgic, cgo Kurugoi, jitajr hut hb bjcr hb rjpriscf diffigns hr

kjecusj hb ehjreihg ky ngheiocirjs (tahsj wah aco eh`ìttjo cetshb njgheioj). Cghtajr 3 ìffihg pjhpfj wjrj oispfcejo igtjrgcffy. _aj[]B, fjo ky @cl. Njg. ]cuf Dcnc`j, ncigjo ehgtrhf hb Dincfi hg Lufy?, 399?, cgo taj wcr jgojo hg Lufy 32. C gjw nhvjrg`jgt wcsbhr`jo ugojr ]rjsiojgt ]cstjur Kiziùgnu, c `hojrctj Autu wahaco kjjg c `j`kjr hb taj []B. Dcnc`j kjec`j @igistjr hb Ojbjgsjcgo jstckfisajo taj []B cs taj [wcgocg Gctihgcf Cr`y.

@jcgwaifj, ig taj rjbunjj ec`ps ig O[E, ngheiocirjs kjncg th

cssjrt ehgtrhf cgo rjhrncgizj. Ig 399:, taj O[E cr`y, rhnuj ìfitics,cgo [wcgocg Autu jxtrjìsts fcugeajo cttceds cncigst tajDigycrwcgoc-spjcdign Ehgnhfjsj hb jcstjrg O[E. Ig 3992, [wcgocigvcojo O[E ig rjsphgsj th tajsj cttceds, tcrnjtign Autu strhgnahfosig taj rjbunjj ec`ps cgo sjjdign th fikjrctj cgo rjpctrictj [wcgocgrjbunjjs. Cs c rjsuft hb ais supphrt bhr taj prj-njgheioj Autunhvjrg`jgt, OGE ]rjsiojgt @hkutu Ujsj Ujdh wcs ojphsjo ky

[wcgocg cgo Zncgocg bhrejs tact igstcffjo Fcurjgt Dckifc cs prjsiojgt. Cs c rjsuft hb taj ehgtiguign O[E supphrt bhr taj jxtrj istAutu nrhups, [wcgoc cncig igtjrvjgjo ìfitcrify cgo kjncg cetivjsupphrt hb Ehgnhfjsj rjkjfs sjjdign th oispfcej Dckifc. [wcgocg]rjsiojgt Kiziùgnu rjsingjo ig ;=== cìo phfitiecf igbinatign,

prh`ptign igistjrs cgo `j`kjrs hb ]crfic jgt th jfjet tajg-Riej]rjsiojgt ]cuf Dcnc`j cs [wcgocs gjxt prjsiojgt. Ig ;==;, [wcgoc

singjo c pjcej cnrjj`jgt wita taj O[E cgo witaorjw taj rj`cigojrhb its bhrejs. C gjw ehgstitutihg wcs cohptjo ig @cy ;==5 cgo, c bjw`hgtas fctjr, Dcnc`j whg [wcgocs birst oj`herctie prjsiojgticfjfjetihg ky c fcgosfioj. Dcnc`j wcs rjjfjetjo th c sjehgo tjr` ig;=3=.


20/80

]JCEJ EH[]U | [^CGOC ^JFEH@J KHHD;=

Nhvjrg`jgt

_aj [jpukfie hb [wcgoc acs cg jfjetjo nhvjrg`jgt eh`prisjo hb c prjsiojgt, c pri`j igistjr, cgo c kiec`jrcf ]crfic`jgt. [wcgocsbirst prjsiojgticf jfjetihgs wjrj ajfo ig ;==5. ]rjsiojgts sjrvj c tjr`hb sjvjg yjcrs. _aj twh ahusjs hb ]crfic`jgt crj taj Ujgctj cgo tajEac`kjr hb Ojputijs. @j`kjrs crj khta jfjetjo cgo cpphigtjo< sh`j

ky taj prjsiojgt, sh`j ky fhecf ehugeifs, sh j ky tcrnjtjo nrhupssuea cs tjrticry jouectihgcf igstitutihgs cgo yhuta cgo oisckfjo-

pjrshgs hrncgizctihgs, cgo sh`j ky phpufcr vhtj. _aj ;2 sjgcthrs crjjfjetjo bhr jinat-yjcr tjr`s, cgo taj 1= ojputijs crj jfjetjo bhr bivj-yjcr tjr`s.

Ig ;==2, taj nhvjrg`jgt eh`pfjtjo c gctihgwioj rjoistrietign cgoojejgtrcfizctihg prhejss tact rjouejo taj sizj hb taj ìgistrijs cgorjouejo taj nhvjrg`jgt kurjcuercey cerhss taj ehugtry. Ig ohign sh,

bhur prhvigejs (pfus taj eity hb Dincfi) wjrj jstckfisajo. _ajy crj taj Ghrtajrg ]rhvigej, jstjrg ]rhvigej, Jcstjrg ]rhvigej, cgoUhutajrg ]rhvigej. _aj gjw coìgistrctivj oivisihgs crj gctihgcf,

prhvigeicf (igtcrc ), oistriet (cdcrjrj ), sjethr ( uùrjgnj ), cgo ejff(cdcncri ). Kjfhw taj ejff fjvjf is taj uùounuou , waiea is c viffcnj._ajrj crj coìgistrcthrs ct jvjry fjvjf. Ct taj vjry fhwjst fjvjf, tajrjcrj gyu`kcduì , wah wjrj trcoitihgcffy rjsphgsikfj bhr 3= ahusjs

cgo ecg ghw kj rjsphgsikfj bhr up th 3:= ahusjs (hr `hrj).Ig taj rjoistrietign prhejss, `cgy hb taj oistriets cgo `clhr thwgswjrj rjgc`jo, kut [wcgocgs stiff rjbjr th tajsj pfcejs ky khtagc`js. _aj `clhr rjnihgcf thwgs crj Nitcrc`c (@uacgnc),[uajgnjri (@uscgzj), Nisjgyi ([ukcvu), Kutcrj (Auyj), Dikugnh,[wc`cncgc, cgo Eycgnunu ([usizi).


21/80

]JCEJ EH[]U | [^CGOC ^JFEH@J KHHD;3

Jehgh`y

_aj eurrjgt nhvjrg`jgt hb [wcgoc, (taj Nhvjrg`jgt hb GctihgcfZgity) igajritjo cg jehgh`y eh`pfjtjfy ojstrhyjo ky njgheioj cgoìs`cgcnj`jgt hvjr tarjj ojecojs. Uh`j rjnihgs aco kjjgojfikjrctjfy prjvjgtjo brh` rjcfizign tajir jehghìe phtjgticf bhr

purjfy phfitiecf rjcshgs. _aj gjw [wcgocg nhvjrg`jgt, sigej tajnjgheioj ig 399?, acs pusajo bhrwcro wita gctihgcf rjackifitctihg cgoacs krhunat igbfctihg ohwg brh` 2? pjrejgt ig 399? th :.? pjrejgt ig;=3;. _aj jsti`ctjo NO] bhr ;=3; wcs $2.9: kiffihg wita taj NO]

pjr ecpitc (]]]) ct rhunafy $3,?==, `cdign [wcgoc ;=5ro bhr NO] pjr ecpitc ig taj whrfo hvjrcff.

Ig cooitihg, [wcoc acs lhigjo taj Eh``hg @crdjt bhr Jcstjrg cgoUhutajrg Cbriec (EH@JUC) cgo acs kjjg hpjrctign witaig c brjjtrcoj zhgj wita 35 hb taj 39 `j`kjr stctjs. _jc prhviojs 2= pjrejgt

hb jxphrt jcrgigns, wita ehbbjj cgo pyrjtaru`, c pfcgt jxtrcet usjo igigsjetieiojs, prhvioign ùea hb taj rjst. _aj nhvjrg`jgt is cfshi`pfj`jgtign strueturcf colust`jgt prhnrc`s tact ci` th jfiìgctj

pukfie sjethr igjbbieijgey cgo wcstj cgo strjgntajg taj jehgh`y.]rivctizctihg hb nhvjrg`jgt jgtjrprisjs is wjff ugojrwcy cgo `hrjtacg := jgtjrprisjs acvj kjjg put up bhr privctizctihg. @hst sjethrs hbtaj jehgh`y acvj surpcssjo prj-wcr prhouetivity fjvjfs. _aj `cig

thwgs crhugo taj ehugtry acvj kjjg jxpjrijgeign cg ugprjejojgtjoehgstruetihg khh` jviojgej hb ehgbiojgej ig taj jehgh`y kyigvjsthrs.

_aj hbbieicf eurrjgey hb [wcgoc is taj [wcgocg brcge ([^B). Ehigscrj ìgtjo ig ojghìgctihgs hb :, 3=, ;=, := cgo 3== brcges cgo kiffscrj prigtjo ig ojghìgctihgs hb :==, 3,===, ;,===, cgo :,=== brcges._aj jxeacgnj rctj th taj Z.U. ohffcr is eurrjgtfy ckhut 25= [^B th$3 cgo eh``hgfy bfuetuctjs kjtwjjg 2== [^B cgo 2:= [^B th $3.


22/80

]JCEJ EH[]U | [^CGOC ^JFEH@J KHHD;;

]jhpfj cgo Eufturj

[wcgoc is taj `hst ojgsjfy phpufctjo ehugtry ig Cbriec. _ais is `hstjviojgt ig taj vhfecgie ghrtajrg rjnihgs hb @uscgzj (bhr`jrfy

[uajgnjri) cgo [ukcvu (bhr`jrfy Nisjgyi). Cs hb ;=33, taj ^hrfoKcgd jsti`ctjo [wcgocs phpufctihg th kj gjcrfy 33 ìffihg. It iscfsh jsti`ctjo tact taj phpufctihg wiff ohukfj ky ;=5=. îta fiìtjofcgo cgo cg igerjcsign phpufctihg, taj nhvjrg`jgt acs tcdjg hgbcìfy pfcggign cs c gctihgcf issuj.

_aj [wcgocg pjhpfj crj whrdign th ajcf taj whugos hb wcr, cgo tajnhvjrg`jgt acs i`pfj`jgtjo c phfiey tact jtagieity (Autu, _utsi,_wc) gh fhgnjr jxists ig [wcgoc, cgo tact [wcgocgs crj hgj ugitjo

pjhpfj. Cs c rjsuft, it is ghw ugfcwbuf th oiseuss taj jtagie nrhups.[jehgeifictihg pfcys c singibiecgt rhfj ig [wcgocg sheijty, brh` taj`cgocthry ncecec ehugeifs th rjehgeifictihg ec`ps bhr yhuta. _ajgctihgcf rjehgeifictihg jbbhrt is ehhroigctjo ky taj Gctihgcf Zgity cgo


23/80


[jehgeifictihg Eh`ìssihg (GZ[E). Jvjry yjcr, taj njgheioj is

rj`j`kjrjo ourign Njgheioj @j`hricf ^jjd, waiea kjnigs Cprif 2.@cgy pjhpfj oh ght whrd, hr whrd acfb-ocys, ourign tais wjjd.@usie ugrjfctjo th taj njgheioj cgo ocgeign crj oisehurcnjo, cgofjeturjs, oiseussihgs, cgo serjjgigns hb bif`s hg taj [wcgocgnjgheioj crj ajfo cerhss taj ehugtry. _aj nhvjrg`jgt bjjfs strhgnfytact ig hrojr th prjvjgt suea ctrheitijs brh` acppjgign cncig,jvjryhgj ùst rj`j`kjr cgo `hurg jcea yjcr.

[wcgocgs tjgo th kj sh`jwact `hrj rjsjrvjo tacg htajr pjhpfjs igJcst Cbriec, pcrticffy kjecusj hb eufturj cgo pcrticffy kjecusj hbaisthry. âifj cfwcys vjry brijgofy cgo njgjrhus, [wcgocgs crjnjgjrcffy ecutihus ckhut ojvjfhpign efhsj rjfctihgsaips. Hgejceejptjo, [wcgocgs trjct efhsj brijgos fidj bcìfy. Cs c eufturj tacteajrisajs oiseussihg, sheicf cetivitijs cgo trcoitihgcf ritucfs hbtjgejgtjr hg origds cgo ehgvjrsctihg.

_aj [wcgocg eufturj, waifj trcoitihgcffy pctjrgcfistie, is kjehìgnigerjcsignfy jncfitcricg. ^h`jg ehgtiguj th cssu`j taj trcoitihgcfrhfjs hb rcisign eaiforjg cgo tcdign ecrj hb taj ah`j, kut tajy cfshwhrd ig taj bijfos cgo pjrbhr` `cgucf fckhr. Ig [wcgocs eitijs, it isght ugeh``hg th sjj bj`cfj phfiej hbbiejrs. _aj nhvjrg`jgt acs`coj it c prihrity th igerjcsj taj stctus hb wh`jg. îta `hrj tacg

acfb hb taj ]crfic`jgts sjcts heeupijo ky bj`cfj fcw`cdjrs, [wcgoc khcsts taj ainajst pjrejgtcnj hb wh`jg fcw`cdjrs ig taj whrfo. Itsehgstitutihg bhr`cffy ecffs bhr wh`jg th eh`prisj 5= pjrejgt hb taj]crfic`jgt cgo htajr fjvjfs hb nhvjrg`jgt.

Cs c eufturj tact vcfujs ecttfj, ìfd cgo ìfd prhouets ( c`ctc ) ecg kjbhugo tarhunahut taj ehugtry. _aj `hst phpufcr crj igsayusayu (origdign ìfd) cgo idivunuth (origdckfj yhnurt). âifj ehws ecg kjbhugo jvjrywajrj, taj vcst `clhrity crj ig taj Jcstjrg ]rhvigej,wajrj taj fcgo is fjss ojgsjfy phpufctjo cgo tajrj is `hrj rhh` bhrecttfj th nrczj.

_rcoitihgcf [wcgocg ocgej is pjrbhr`jo ky Igthrj ocgejrs. _aj


24/80


25/80

]JCEJ EH[]U | [^CGOC ^JFEH@J KHHD;:

sjcshgs. _aj sahrt wjt sjcshg fcsts brh` Hethkjr th Ghvj`kjr, cgo

taj `cig rcigy sjcshg fcsts brh` ìo-@crea th taj jgo hb @cy.Ourign taj ory sjcshgs, waiea fcst brh` Ojej`kjr th ìo-@crea cgobrh` Lugj th taj jgo hb Cunust, brjqujgt finat efhuo ehvjr yijfos c

pfjcscgt, gjvjr stibfign, tj`pjrcturj. _aj cvjrcnj tj`pjrcturj igDincfi, taj ecpitcf eity, is 39 ojnrjjs Ejfsius (22 Bcarjgajit) wita ?=igeajs hb rcigbcff cggucffy. _aj sug saigjs gjcrfy yjcr rhugo, cgo taj`jcg ocify tj`pjrcturjs crj efhsj th ;? E (>2 B). _aj fhwjst

ginatti`j tj`pjrcturj is crhugo 3= E (:= B) cgo taj ainajst ocyti`jtj`pjrcturj is ckhut 5? E (9? B).

[JUHZ[EJU BH[ BZ[_AJ[ IGBH[@C_IHG

Bhffhwign is c fist hb wjksitjs bhr cooitihgcf igbhr`ctihg ckhut taj]jcej Ehrps cgo [wcgoc cgo th ehggjet yhu th rjturgjo Rhfugtjjrscgo htajr igvitjjs. ]fjcsj djjp ig ìgo tact cftahuna taj ]jcej Ehrpstrijs th `cdj surj cff tajsj figds crj cetivj cgo eurrjgt, it ecgght kjnucrcgtjjo. Ib yhu oh ght acvj ceejss th taj Igtjrgjt, visit yhur fhecffikrcry. Fikrcrijs hbbjr brjj Igtjrgjt uscnj cgo hbtjg fjt yhu prigtigbhr`ctihg th tcdj ah`j.

C ghtj hb ecutihg< Cs yhu surb taj Igtjrgjt, kj cwcrj tact yhu `cy

bigo kuffjtig khcros cgo eact rhh`s ig waiea pjhpfj crj brjj thjxprjss hpigihgs ckhut taj ]jcej Ehrps kcsjo hg tajir hwgjxpjrijgej, igefuoign eh``jgts ky tahsj wah wjrj ugacppy witatajir eahiej th sjrvj ig taj ]jcej Ehrps. _ajsj hpigihgs crj ght tahsjhb taj ]jcej Ehrps hr taj Z.U. nhvjrg`jgt, cgo pfjcsj djjp ig ìgotact gh twh pjhpfj jxpjrijgej tajir sjrviej ig taj sc`j wcy.


26/80


27/80

]JCEJ EH[]U | [^CGOC ^JFEH@J KHHD;>

Ehggjet ^ita [jturgjo Rhfugtjjrs cgo Htajr Igvitjjs

BcejkhhdIt is eh``hg bhr jcea trcigign nrhup th acvj tajir hwg Bcejkhhdnrhup. Ib yhu acvj Bcejkhhd, yhu ecg hbtjg sjcrea bhr yhurtrcigigns efcss pcnj hr nrhup wita taj bhffhwign gc`j, ]jcej Ehrps[wcgoc (igsjrt `hgta cgo yjcr ajcr). Yhu ecg cfsh kj taj birst therjctj suea c nrhup. _aj Bcejkhhd nrhup is nrjct pfcej th jjt htajrigvitjjs ig yhur trcigign nrhup prihr th stcnign, csd qujstihgs, cgosacrj iojcs. Eurrjgt Rhfugtjjrs cgo yhur phsts Rhfugtjjr fjcojrsbrjqujgt taj nrhup cgo ecg kj c nrjct shurej hb igbhr`ctihg.

www.rpev.hrn_ais is taj sitj hb taj Gctihgcf ]jcej Ehrps Cssheictihg, `coj up hbrjturgjo Rhfugtjjrs. Hg tais sitj yhu ecg bigo figds th cff taj ^jk

pcnjs hb taj Brijgos hb nrhups bhr `hst ehugtrijs hb sjrviej,eh`prisjo hb bhr`jr Rhfugtjjrs wah sjrvjo ig tahsj ehugtrijs. _ajrjcrj cfsh rjnihgcf nrhups tact brjqujgtfy njt thnjtajr bhr sheicf jvjgtscgo fhecf vhfugtjjr cetivitijs.

www.pjcejehrpswritjrs.hrn_ais sitj is ahstjo ky c nrhup hb rjturgjo Rhfugtjjr writjrs. It is c`hgtafy hgfigj pukfiectihg hb jsscys cgo Rhfugtjjr ceehugts hb tajir]jcej Ehrps sjrviej.

www.pjcejehrpslhurgcfs.eh`]jcej Ehrps Lhurgcfs is c wjksitj tact fists Rhfugtjjrs kfhns kyehugtry. It is c nrjct wcy th njt c bjjf bhr c spjeibie ehugtry, tajRhfugtjjr fibjstyfj, cgo Rhfugtjjr whrd. Ohgt bhrnjt th coo yhurhwg kfhn ib yhu acvj hgj.


28/80


[jeh``jgojo Khhds Ckhut taj ]jcej Ehrps

Khhds Ckhut taj Aisthry hb taj ]jcej Ehrps

3. Ahbb`cg, Jfizckjta Ehkks. Cff Yhu Gjjo is Fhvj< _aj ]jcejEhrps cgo taj Upirit hb taj 392=s . Ec`krionj, @css.< AcrvcroZgivjrsity ]rjss, ;===.

;. [iej, Njrcfo _. _aj Khfo Jxpjri`jgt< LBDs ]jcej Ehrps . GhtrjOc`j, Igo.< Zgivjrsity hb Ghtrj Oc`j ]rjss, 391:.

5. Uthssjf, Uehtt.Ucrnj< _aj Fibj cgo _i`js hb Ucrnjgt Uarivjr. ^csaignthg, O.E.< U`itashgicg Igstitutihg ]rjss, ;==?.

?. @jisfjr, Utcgfjy. ^ajg taj ^hrfo Ecffs< _aj Igsioj Uthry hb taj]jcej Ehrps cgo its Birst := Yjcrs . Khsthg, @css.< Kjcehg ]rjss,;=33.

:. Ehctjs, [jo`hg. Eh`j Cs Yhu Crj< _aj ]jcej Ehrps Uthry .Acrjehurt Krcej Lhvcghviea, 3912.

Khhds hg taj Rhfugtjjr Jxpjrijgej

3. Oirfc`, Uacrhg. Kjyhgo Uikjric< _wh Yjcrs ig c Bhrnhttjg ]fcej .Ucgtc Kcrkcrc, Ecfib.< @eUjcs Khhds, ;==?.

;. Ecsjkhft, @crlhrij Oj@hss. @crncritc< C Nuctj`cfcg ]jcejEhrps Jxpjrijgej. Nin Acrkhr, ^csa.< [jo Cppfj ]ukfisaign,;===.

5. Jro`cg, Ucrca. Gigj Aiffs th Gc`khgdcac< _wh Yjcrs ig taj Ajcrt hb cg Cbriecg Riffcnj . Gjw Yhrd, G.Y.< ]iecohr, ;==5.

?. Ajssfjr, ]jtjr. [ivjr _hwg< _wh Yjcrs hg taj Ycgntzj . Gjw

Yhrd, G.Y.< ]jrjggicf, ;==3.:. Djggjoy, Njrcfoigj jo. Brh` taj Ejgtjr hb taj Jcrta< Uthrijs hut

hb taj ]jcej Ehrps. Ucgtc @hgiec, Ecfib.< Efhvjr ]crd ]rjss,3993.


29/80


2. _ah`psjg, @hritz. Fivign ]hhr< C ]jcej Ehrps Earhgiefj .

Ujcttfj, ^csa.< Zgivjrsity hb ^csaignthg ]rjss, 399> (rjprigt).>. Ajffstrh`, _rcvis. Zghbbieicf ]jcej Ehrps Acgokhhd . Covcgej

Au`cgity, ;=3= (rjprigt).

[jeh``jgojo Khhds Ckhut [wcgoc

3. Digzjr, Utjpajg. C _ahuscgo Aiffs< [wcgocs [jkirta cgo _aj

@cg âh Orjc`jo It. Gjw Yhrd< Lhag îfjy & Uhgs, ;==1.;. Ocffcirj, Njg. [h`h. Uacdj Acgos îta _aj Ojvif< _aj

Bcifurj hb Au`cgity ig [wcgoc. Gjw Yhrd< Ecrrhff & Nrcb]ukfisajrs, ;==:.

5. Nhurjvitea, ]aifip. ^j îsa th Igbhr` Yhu _act _h`hrrhw^j îff Kj Diffjo îta Hur Bcìfijs. Gjw Yhrd< Bcrrcr,

Utrcus, cgo Nirhux, 3991.?. Ehurtj`cgeaj, Nif. Uugocy ct taj ]hhf ig Dincfi. Gjw Yhrd. Actzbjfo, Ljcg. @ceajtj Ujcshg. Gjw Yhrd< Bcrrcr, Utrcus &

Nirhux, ;==:.

1. Bhssjy, Oicg. Nhriffcs ig taj @ist. Khsthg< Ahunathg @ibbfig,3915.

9. Ecrr, [hsc`hgo. Fcgo hb c _ahuscgo Aiffs< @y Fibj ig [wcgoc. Gjw Yhrd< Ridign, 3999.

3=. Gjwkury, Ectacrigj. _aj Ehajsihg hb Hpprjssihg< Efijgtsaipcgo Jtagieity ig [wcgoc 312=-392=. Gjw Yhrd< Ehfu`kicZgivjrsity ]rjss, 3911.


30/80

]JCEJ EH[]U | [^CGOC ^JFEH@J KHHD5=

33. ]rugijr, Njrcro. _aj [wcgocg Erisis< Aisthry hb c Njgheioj .

Ehfu`kic Zgivjrsity ]rjss. 399:.3;. ^jkjr, ^iffic` cgo Rjoojr, C`y. Ig taj Dignoh` hb taj

Nhriffc . Ui`hg & Ueaustjr. ;==;

[jeh``jgojo Bif`s Ckhut [wcgoc

3. Uh`jti`js ig Cprif, ;==: AKH

;. Brhgtfigj< Nahsts hb [wcgoc, ;==? Brhgtfigj

5. 3== Ocys, ;==3 Krhcoecst Bjcturj Bceifitijs Fto.

?. Ahtjf [wcgoc, ;==? Fihgs Nctj Bif`s

:. Uacdj Acgos ^ita _aj Ojvif, ;==> Kcrgc-Cfpjr ]rhog

2. Nhriffcs ig taj @ist, 3991 Zgivjrscf ]ieturjs

>. Cs ^j Bhrnivj, ;==1 I`cnj Kjcrjr ]ieturjs

1. Digycrwcgoc, ;=3=

9. Uahhtign Ohns rjfjcsjo ig taj Z.U. cs Kjyhgo taj Nctjs,;==:


31/80


FIRIGN EHGOI_IHGU CGORHFZG_JJ[ FIBJU_YFJ

Eh`ùgiectihgs

@cif

Bjw ehugtrijs ig taj whrfo hbbjr taj fjvjf hb `cif sjrviej cvcifckfj igtaj Zgitjo Utctjs. @cif tcdjs c ìgiù` hb twh wjjds th crrivj ig

[wcgoc. Uh`j `cif `cy si`pfy ght crrivj (bhrtugctjfy, tais is ght cbrjqujgt heeurrjgej, kut it ohjs acppjg). ]fjcsj kj cwcrj hb tajrjcfity hb `cif sjrviej ig taj ojvjfhpign whrfo. [j`j`kjr, wajgsh`jhgj is tahuscgos hb ìfjs cwcy brh` bcìfijs cgo brijgos,eh`ùgiectihg ecg kjeh`j c vjry sjgsitivj issuj. Covisj yhur


32/80

]JCEJ EH[]U | [^CGOC ^JFEH@J KHHD5;

bcìfy cgo brijgos th gu`kjr tajir fjttjrs cgo th igefuoj Cir`cif

cgo ]cr Cvihg hg tajir jgvjfhpjs._aj c`hugt hb ti`j it tcdjs bhr `cif th rjcea Rhfugtjjrs is cs vcrijocs tajir sitjs. Cir`cif brh` taj Zgitjo Utctjs th `clhr eitijs ig[wcgoc usucffy tcdjs ckhut twh wjjds. @hrj rj`htj phst hbbiejsrjejivj `cif fjss brjqujgtfy, cgo sh`jti`js c fhecf ehurijr isj`pfhyjo th bjrry `cif brh` ishfctjo viffcnjs th trcoign ejgtjrs.

Yhu crj strhgnfy jgehurcnjo th writj th yhur bcìfy rjnufcrfy(pjracps wjjdfy hr kiwjjdfy) cgo th gu`kjr yhur fjttjrs. Bcìfy`j`kjrs wiff typiecffy kjeh`j whrrijo wajg tajy oh ght ajcr brh`yhu, sh pfjcsj covisj yhur pcrjgts, brijgos, cgo rjfctivjs tact `cif issphrcoie cgo tact tajy sahufo ght whrry ib tajy oh ght rjejivj yhurfjttjrs rjnufcrfy. @cgy Rhfugtjjrs, ahwjvjr, crj rjpfceign `cif witaoinitcf eh`ùgiectihg, cgo eahhsj th tcfd th taj brijgos cgo bcìfy

usign ejffpahgjs hr hgfigj shfutihgs fidj Udypj. _act scio, gjvjrugojrjsti`ctj taj phwjr hb c writtjg fjttjr.

]cedcnjs ghr`cffy tcdj ckhut twh th tarjj `hgtas th rjcea [wcgocbrh` taj Zgitjo Utctjs ib sjgt vic surbcej `cif. Rhfugtjjrs crjrjqujstjo th bhffhw taj `cifign prhejourjs ojserikjo ig taj ]jcejEhrps/[wcgoc Rhfugtjjr Acgokhhd.

Yhur coorjss ourign trcigign wiff kj cs bhffhwsDincfi, [wcgoc

It is yhur rjsphgsikifity th bhrwcro taj phstcf coorjss ct yhur sitj(hgej yhu dghw it) th yhur bcìfy cgo brijgos. [j`j`kjr tact it isi`phrtcgt th djjp ig rjnufcr ehgtcet wita rjfctivjs cgo brijgos, ght

lust bhr taj` kut cfsh bhr yhu. C fcpsj ig ehgtcet bhr cgy pjriho hbti`j ecg ecusj yhur bcìfy cgo brijgos th whrry, sh writj hbtjg.

Hgej ct yhur sitj, yhu wiff rjejivj c ghtibiectihg sfip ig yhur phst khx


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wajg yhu rjejivj c pcedcnj. [jsphgo prh`ptfy< _aj shhgjr yhu pied

up taj pcedcnj, taj eajcpjr sthrcnj bjjs wiff kj._rcigjjs cgo Rhfugtjjrs crj rjsphgsikfj bhr `cifign pjrshgcf fjttjrscgo pcedcnjs. Cir`cif fjttjrs cgo stc`ps crj cvcifckfj ct fhecf phsthbbiejs.

_jfjpahgjs

Ejffufcr tjfjpahgjs cgo sjrviejs crj cvcifckfj ig [wcgoc, jspjeicffy igDincfi cgo fcrnjr thwgs. UI@ ecros crj igjxpjgsivj cgo ecg kj bhugo igjvjry rjnihgcf ecpitcf. _aj ]jcej Ehrps strhgnfy jgehurcnjsRhfugtjjrs th pureacsj c ejffpahgj cs tais wiff kj yhur `cig bhr` hbeh`ùgiectihg ourign prj-sjrviej trcigign cgo ajfps yhu ehggjet witabcìfy cgo brijgos ig taj Utctjs. _i`j is sjt csioj ig-ehugtry prihr th

prj-sjrviej trcigign th kuy c pahgj ib gjjojo. Ib yhu pfcg hg pureacsign c ejffpahgj ig-ehugtry, `cdj surj th krign jxtrc C`jriecgecsa sh tact yhu acvj subbieijgt `hgjy ig taj kjniggign.

Ejff ehvjrcnj is rjfctivjfy ukiquithus, cftahuna tajrj crj sh`jRhfugtjjrs wah oh ght acvj cojquctj ehvjrcnj ct tajir sitjs cgo ùstwcfd c sahrt oistcgej th `cdj c ecff.

@hst fcrnj eitijs cgo prhvigeicf ecpitcfs acvj oh`jstie fhgn-oistcgej

sjrviej4 rjnihgcf ejgtjrs cgo sh`j fcrnj eitijs cfsh prhvioj hvjrsjcstjfjpahgj sjrviej. Ig sh`j fhectihgs, taj sjrviej is bcst cgo jbbieijgt4ig htajrs, it `cy tcdj sjvjrcf ahurs bhr ecffs th njt tarhuna.

Oh`jstie ecffs< Rhfugtjjrs crj rjsphgsikfj bhr cff thff eacrnjs hgecffs, kut yhu `cy ecff taj ]jcej Ehrps/Dincfi hbbiej ehffjet hrrjvjrsj eacrnjs ig cg j`jrnjgey. ]jcej Ehrps/[wcgoc prhviojs c`hgtafy tjfjeh`ùgiectihgs cffhwcgej th ehvjr hbbieicf cgoj`jrnjgey pahgj ecffs cs pcrt hb c Rhfugtjjrs fivign cffhwcgej.

Hvjrsjcs ecffs< Rhfugtjjrs crj rjsphgsikfj bhr pjrshgcf hvjrsjcs ecffs,waiea ecg kj `coj brh` tajir ejffpahgjs bhr c ainajr eacrnj pjrìgutj. @cgy Rhfugtjjrs eahhsj th ecff ah`j cgo csd tajir bcìfijs th


34/80

]JCEJ EH[]U | [^CGOC ^JFEH@J KHHD5?

ecff taj` kced hg tajir ejffpahgjs, cs ejffpahgjs ecg `cdj cgo rjejivj

igtjrgctihgcf ecffs. Hbbieicf hvjrsjcs ecffs wiff kj bceifitctjo ky taj]jcej Ehrps hbbiej ig Dincfi.

Eh`putjr, Igtjrgjt, cgo J`cif Ceejss

âifj taj ]jcej Ehrps ohjs ght rjquirj yhu th krign c eh`putjr, `cgyRhfugtjjrs bigo hgj vjry usjbuf bhr whrd cgo fjisurj. J`cif is ceh``hg cgo jbbieijgt bhr` hb eh`ùgiectihg c`hgn Rhfugtjjrs.

Igtjrgjt ceejss is cvcifckfj ct phst hbbiejs cgo eykjrecbs ig thwgs cgoeitijs, kut ecg kj sfhw cgo ehstfy. _aj fcrnjst ejffpahgj-sjrviej

prhviojrs cfsh sjff ZUK hoj`s tact ehggjet th taj ejffufcr gjtwhrd thojfivjr Igtjrgjt th yhur eh`putjr cgywajrj c singcf ecg kj hktcigjo.Ahwjvjr, Igtjrgjt ceejss is i`prhvign rcpiofy cgo `cgy Rhfugtjjrsbigo wcys th ceejss it hg c rhutigj kcsis. Kjecusj Igtjrgjt usj is

pri`crify bhr pjrshgcf rjcshgs, yhu crj jxpjetjo th ehvjr yhur Igtjrgjtehsts. Ojsingctjo eh`putjrs ig taj Igbhr`ctihg [jshurej Ejgtjr ct taj]jcej Ehrps/[wcgoc hbbiej acvj Igtjrgjt ceejss, waiea yhu crjwjfeh`j th usj. Rhfugtjjrs crj prhaikitjo brh` usign stcbb eh`putjrsig taj ]jcej Ehrps hbbiejs.

Ahusign cgo Uitj Fhectihg

Cs c Rhfugtjjr, yhu wiff `hst fidjfy fivj ig c rurcf eh`ùgity hrs`cff thwg, cgo `cy ght acvj ceejss th igohhr pfu`kign hrjfjetrieity. Jxpjet th usj fc`ps cgo ecgofjs bhr finatign cgo th ehhdusign c signfj-kurgjr djrhsjgj sthvj, whho, hr eacrehcf. _ajstcgocros cgo ehgoitihgs hb Rhfugtjjr ahusign vcry wiojfy, brh`ùo ahusjs th vjry `hojrg ej`jgt ahusjs wita ruggign wctjr cgojfjetrieity. _aj typj hb ahusj yhu acvj wiff ojpjgo hg yhur prhljet,taj crjc hb taj ehugtry th waiea yhu crj phstjo, cgo taj typjs hbahusjs cvcifckfj ig taj eh`ùgity. Yhu `cy cfsh kj rjquirjo thsacrj ahusign wita htajr stcbb brh` yhur [wcgocg hrncgizctihg hr thfivj ig c rhh` kjaigo c sahp ct c `crdjt ejgtjr. Yhu ecg jxpjet th


35/80

]JCEJ EH[]U | [^CGOC ^JFEH@J KHHD5:

acvj, ct taj vjry fjcst, c rhh` th ecff yhur hwg. _aj ojeisihg cs th

wajtajr ahusign stcgocros crj ceejptckfj fijs wita taj ]jcej Ehrpsstcbb. âjg it eh`js th yhur ahusign, yhu sahufo ght fhsj sinat hb tajnuioign nhcf hb taj ]jcej Ehrps. @cigtcig yhur bheus hg sjrviej thtaj pjhpfj hb [wcgoc cgo ght hg taj fjvjf hb yhur ceeh``hoctihgs.

Kjecusj ]jcej Ehrps Rhfugtjjrs crj hbtjg phstjo ig phhr rurcf crjcs thwhrd wita eh`ùgitijs wita fittfj hr gh `hgjy bhr ahusign, taj ]jcejEhrps sjts ìgiù` ahusign stcgocros3

]CEDIGN FIU_

_ajsj fists acvj kjjg eh`pifjo ky Rhfugtjjrs sjrvign ig [wcgoc cgocrj kcsjo hg tajir jxpjrijgej. Zsj it cs cg igbhr`cf nuioj ig `cdignyhur hwg fist, kjcrign ig ìgo tact jcea jxpjrijgej is igoivioucf._ajrj is gh pjrbjet fist! Yhu hkvihusfy ecgght krign jvjrytaign hg tajfist, sh ehgsiojr tahsj itj`s tact `cdj taj `hst sjgsj th yhu

pjrshgcffy cgo prhbjssihgcffy. Yhu ecg cfwcys acvj taigns sjgt thyhu fctjr. Cs yhu ojeioj wact th krign, djjp ig ìgo tact yhu acvj cg1=-phugo wjinat fiìt hg kcnncnj. Cgo rj`j`kjr, yhu ecg njtcf`hst jvjrytaign yhu gjjo ig [wcgoc.

Ckshfutj [jquirj`jgts Hbbieicf ]jcej Ehrps pcssphrt Yjffhw ^hrfo Ajcfta Hrncgizctihg I`ùgizctihg ecro Jxtrc pcssphrt pahths (ct fjcst 3=) wita waitj kcednrhugo

5-`hgta suppfy hb cff prjseriptihg `joiectihgs ; pcirs hb jyjnfcssjs (ib gjjojo)

]fjcsj Ghtj<

_aig pfcstie kcns, fidj taj hgjs usjo ct nrhejry sthrjs, crj ght cffhwjo

th kj krhunat igth [wcgoc. âifj kcn sjcreajs crj rcrj, ib bhugoeusth`s wiff ehgbisectj taj kcn, cgo sh`jti`js its ehgtjgts. _aiedjr pfcstie kcns (fidj zip-thp kcns) crj HD.


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]JCEJ EH[]U | [^CGOC ^JFEH@J KHHD>;

E f h t a j s

Yhu cy bigo tact taj efhtaign yhu krign brh` ah`j wiffsubbjr hrj wjcr cgo tjcr tacg usucf. Bhrtugctjfy, usjoefhtaign crdjts ckhugo ig [wcgoc, jvjg ig s`cffjrthwgs, sh it is ght gjejsscry th krign twh yjcrs whrta hbefhtajs. Djjp ig igo tact efjcgfigjss cgo prjsjgtctihg crjrjcffy i`phrtcgt ig [wcgocg eufturj. _aj hrj put

thnjtajr cgo prhbjssihgcf yhu crj taj hrj rjspjet yhuwiff rjejivj.

@JG;-5 pcirs hb giej pcgts(dacdis/orjss)3-; pcirs hb ljcgs/eh`by

pcgts

3-; pcirs hb sahrts(cpprhprictj th wjcr wajg

pfcyign sphrts)5-? orjss sairts;-5 htajr sairts3-; tijs3 swjctjr

3 rcig lcedjt3 wcr` lcedjtUhedsZgojrwjcrUwi`suit

^H@JG ;-5 pcirs hb giej pcgts3-; pcirs hb ljcgs3-; pcirs hb ctafjtie pcgts

(sahrts crjg't

cpprhprictj4 gh dgjjs);-5 sdirts (kjfhw taj

dgjj)3-; orjssjs (kjfhw taj

dgjj)5-? orjss sairts;-5 htajr sairts

3-; ecroincgs3-; secrvjs3 rcig lcedjt3 wcr` lcedjtUhedsZgojrwjcr3-; sfips

Uwi`suit


73/80

]JCEJ EH[]U | [^CGOC ^JFEH@J KHHD>5

] j r s h g c

f A y n

i j g j c g

o _ h i

f j t r y *

* u g f j s s

f i s t j o h t

a j r w i s j , c

f f i t j ` s e c g j c s i

f y k j p u r e

a c s j

o a j r j

)

C rcgnj hb kcsie aynijgj itj`s is cvcifckfj ig hst thwgscgo eitijs4 ahwjvjr, ib yhu acvj strhgn pjrshgcf

prjbjrjgejs, krign tahsj krcgos.Ojhohrcgt (ib yhu prjbjr taj stied digo, waiea is ght

cvcifckfj fhecffy)Ehgtcet fjgs shfutihg (cvcifckfj fhecffy kut vjry

jxpjgsivj)4 ]jcej Ehrps ohjs ght prhvioj tais5-2 `hgta suppfy hb cgy prjseriptihg oruns yhu tcdj,

igefuoign kirta ehgtrhf piffsNhho-qucfity sugserjjg (wita c aina U]B)_c`phgs hr scgitcry pcos (sh`j crj cvcifckfj fhecffy

kut crj vjry jxpjgsivj)Cfhj hr cbtjr-sug fhtihg (]jcej Ehrps ohjs ght

prhvioj tais)

Gcif efippjrs/gcif bifj[czhrs_hwjf(s)/wcsaefhta(s)Uacvign erjc` (acro th bigo ajrj cgo jxpjgsivj)]u`iej sthgj/bhht serukkjr@cdjup (acro th bigo cgo jxpjgsivj)

@hutawcsa (ght cvcifckfj ajrj)Bfhss (]E @joiecf prhviojs sh`j, kut yhu `cy wcgt

kjttjr qucfity)


74/80

]JCEJ EH[]U | [^CGOC ^JFEH@J KHHD>?

U a h j s

Ourckfj sahjs crj cg jssjgticf igvjst`jgt. Uahjs wiff wjcrhut `hrj quiedfy ig [wcgoc tacg yhu crj ceeusth`jo oujth cff taj wcfdign yhu wiff oh cgo taj vhfecgie tjrrcig igsh`j rjnihgs hb taj ehugtry.

Hgj hr twh pcirs hb aidign/wcfdign sahjs hr khhtsHgj hr twh pcirs hb sgjcdjrs hr ruggign sahjs_wh pcirs hb eh`bhrtckfj orjss sahjs

Orjss scgocfs[ukkjr scgocfs/sahwjr sahjs

J f j e t r h g i e s

Uh`j vhfugtjjrs acvj jfjetrieity ig tajir ah`js cgo `cgyacvj ct fjcst ceejss th c fhecf shurej hb jfjetrieity, kutdjjp ig igo tact tais is ght nucrcgtjjo.

[wcgoc-cpprhprictj cocptjr (twh eirefj prhgns)

[wcgoc-cpprhprictj ehgvjrtjr (rjeh``jgojo, kut ghtgjejsscry)]jrshgcf fcpthp (rjeh``jgojo, kut ght gjejsscry)Zgfhedjo ejffpahgj tact ceejpts UI@ ecrosOinitcf ec`jrc (rjeh``jgojo, kut ght gjejsscry)Uahrtwcvj rcoih/phrtckfj rcoih (ecg pureacsj ajrjcfsh)

I]ho/`usie ojviej (hptihgcf)Digofj/jKhhd rjcojr (hptihgcf)Jxtjrgcf acro orivj (hptihgcf);-5 bfcsa orivjs (hptihgcf)

[ j e r j c t i h g c g

o

J g t j r

t c i g ` j g

t Crt suppfijsNc`js/puzzfj khhds/ecros

GhvjfsUphrts jquip`jgtEc`p/aidign njcr


75/80

]JCEJ EH[]U | [^CGOC ^JFEH@J KHHD>:

@ i s e j f f c g j h u s

]ieturjs brh` ah`j hb

yhur bcìfy, brijgos, pjts, sjcshgs hb tajyjcr, jte.

]jgs cgo pjgeifs,stctihgjry, cgoghtjkhhds

Cfcr` efhed

Uhfcr ecfeufcthr(jssjgticf bhr s`cffjgtjrprisjojvjfhp`jgtRhfugtjjrs)

Uhfcr kcttjrijs cgorjeacrnjr

Ujwign ditDgivjs (cvcifckfj fhecffy

kut hb phhr qucfity)]fcstie sthrcnj kcns cgo

ehgtcigjrsOuet tcpj]jjfjr, nrctjr, jte.

_hhfs suea cs cFjctajr`cg dgibj

]cedcnjo scuejs,sjcshgigns, origdìxjs, cgo spiejs(spiejs crj acro th bigocgo jxpjgsivj)

]htahfojrsUhfcr sahwjr

^hrd nfhvjs

Ecsa (`hst Rhfugtjjrs krign $;==$:== bhrtrcvjf cgo vcectihg)

Erjoit ecro cgo/hr C_@ecro

Ct fjcst 3= pcssphrt-sizj pahths hb yhursjfb bhr

viscs, whrd pjrìts, jte.(Ghtj< _ajsj pahths crjc ùst)

Z.U. cgo whrfo `cpsZ.U. stc`ps (yhu ecg hbtjg

acvj fjttjrs `cifjo kytahsj trcvjfign kced th

taj Z.U.)Eajeds brh` c Z.U. kcgd

ceehugt (acgoy bhrhrojrign taigns brhàh`j)

Ocy pfcggjr Gcfnjgj hr cfuìgu` wctjr

khttfjUugnfcssjs/vishrKjo sajjts (_ajsj crj ght

prhviojo4 yhu wiff gjjotaj` bhr prj-sjrviejtrcigign)

_hwjf(s)

Ehffcpsikfj kcn/thtj kcns


76/80


77/80

]JCEJ EH[]U | [^CGOC ^JFEH@J KHHD>>

Igsurcgej

@cdj crrcgnj`jgts th `cigtcig fibj igsurcgej ehvjrcnj. Crrcgnj th `cigtcig suppfj`jgtcf ajcfta ehvjrcnj waifj yhu

crj cwcy. (Jvjg tahuna taj ]jcej Ehrps is rjsphgsikfj bhryhur ajcfta ecrj ourign ]jcej Ehrps sjrviej hvjrsjcs, it iscovisckfj bhr pjhpfj wah acvj prj-jxistign ehgoitihgs thcrrcgnj bhr taj ehgtiguctihg hb tajir suppfj`jgtcf ajcftaehvjrcnj. Ib tajrj is c fcpsj ig ehvjrcnj, it is hbtjg oibbieuft

cgo jxpjgsivj th kj rjigstctjo.)

Crrcgnj th ehgtiguj @joiecrj ehvjrcnj ib cppfieckfj.

]jrshgcf ]cpjrs Krign c ehpy hb yhur ejrtibiectj hb `crricnj hr oivhrej.

Rhtign [jnistjr th vhtj ig taj stctj hb yhur ah`j hb rjehro. (@cgy

stctj ugivjrsitijs ehgsiojr vhtign cgo pcy`jgt hb stctj tcxjscs jviojgej hb rjsiojgej ig tact stctj.)

Hktcig c vhtjr rjnistrctihg ecro cgo tcdj it wita yhuhvjrsjcs.

Crrcgnj th acvj cg cksjgtjj kcffht bhrwcrojo th yhuhvjrsjcs.

]jrshgcf Jbbjets ]ureacsj pjrshgcf prhpjrty igsurcgej th jxtjgo brh` taj

ti`j yhu fjcvj yhur ah`j bhr sjrviej hvjrsjcs ugtif taj ti`jyhu eh`pfjtj yhur sjrviej cgo rjturg th taj Zgitjo Utctjs.

Bigcgeicf @cgcnj`jgt Djjp c kcgd ceehugt ig yhur gc`j ig taj Z.U.

Hktcig stuojgt fhcg ojbjr`jgt bhr`s brh` taj fjgojr hr fhcgsjrviej.


78/80


Jxjeutj c ]hwjr hb Ctthrgjy bhr taj `cgcnj`jgt hb yhur prhpjrty cgo kusigjss.

Crrcgnj bhr ojouetihgs brh` yhur rjcolust`jgt cffhwcgej th pcy cfi`hgy, eaifo supphrt, cgo htajr ojkts tarhuna tajHbbiej hb Rhfugtjjr Bigcgeicf Hpjrctihgs ct 1::.1::.3923jxt. 3>>=.

]fcej cff i`phrtcgt pcpjrs `hrtncnjs, ojjos, stheds, cgo

khgos ig c scbj ojphsit khx hr wita cg ctthrgjy hr htajrecrjtcdjr.


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EHG_CE_IGN ]JCEJ EH[]U

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