Primitive society primitive man moved in order to satisfy a felt need or a necessity. He had to satisfy his hunger and so he had to search for food by hunting wild animals in the forests or by fishing along the rivers and streams. the physical activities of primitive man were not organized. His motives for physical activity were mainly to search for food and to protect himself from his enemies.

Historical background AND DEVELOPMENT OF PHYSICAL

EDUCATION

Ancient China India Ancient Egypt, Assyria, Babylonia,Syria,

Palestine, and Persia

Ancient oriental and Near East Countries

Ancient China This policy of isolation lacked the

motivating factor to be physically strong because there was no fear of aggression.

they neglected their physical body to something they believed was more important and which is the spirit. As early as 2698 B.C., the “Kung-Fu” was the earliest of exercises recorded in history.

India like that of ancient China, the religious life of the

people affected their concern for their physical well-being.

a great contribution of India to physical education is “Yoga” which composed of exercises in posture and regulated breathing. Although Yoga is a religious activity in India, it is being accepted today as important activity to discipline the mind and the body because it involves 84 different positions.

Ancient Egypt, Assyria, Babylonia, Syria, Palestine, and Persia

these country marked the turning point in the history of physical education in the ancient near east.

the Egyptians believed in living a full life. this meant a life full of physical activity. The

Egyptian young boys were instructed in the use of weapons of war, such as the bow and arrow, lance, and shield.

they engaged in many sports and gymnastics exercise.

Physical Education in Greece Physical Education in Rome Physical Education in Germany Physical Education in Philippines

Physical Education in European Countries

The two city states in ancient Greece which gave much importance to ancient Greece, were the Sparta and Athens.

in Sparta, the main objective of physical education was contribute to a strong and powerful army.

While in Athens, the individual’s life was not controlled and regulated as in Sparta, and one enjoyed individual freedom.

Physical Education in Greece

The objective of physical education was for physical perfection with emphasis on beauty of physique.

Greece laid the foundation for the present Olympic games which were first held in 776 B.C. and continued every four years thereafter. A number of Greek philosophers, teachers, and medical men contributed to the worth of physical education and among them were the following:

Herodotus Galen Hippocrates Socrates Plato Aristotle Xenophon

Army life was considered very important to the Romans and considered health as important only for military life.

Historians note that the most outstanding cause of the fall of the Roman empire was because of moral decay and physical deterioration.

Physical Education in Rome

The great contributor of physical education in modern Europe was Germany.

The Following great contributors were: Johann Bernhard Basedow (1723-1790)

established a school called Philanthropinum Johann Christophe Friedrich Guts Muths

(1759-1839) wrote two books Gymnastics for the Young and Games Adolf Spies (1810-1858) founder of Gymnastics in Germany

Physical Education in Germany

Physical education in the Philippines dates back to primitive society when physical activity was very important for survival, making it necessary for the adult to teach physical skills to the young.

Physical Education in the Philippines

The aborigines of the Philippines, the Negros or Aetas, had a way of life the same or similar to any other people’s living in a primitive society.

He was always known for his spectacular skill in the use of the bow and arrow.

The Negritos living in the mountains of Bataan, Zambales, and Tarlac are founded to be fond of music and dancing.

The Pre-Spanish Period

The Spanish conquest of the Philippines did not have much effect on the physical activities of the people.

The people generally had a sedentary living while waiting for the harvest time after planting.

Cockfighting which continued to be the favorite sport found its way to the other places in the country.

The Spanish Regime

The most colorful of all celebrations in the Santa Cruz

De Mayo or Santacruzan which consisted of praying for nine consecutive days and culminated in procession to the hermana mayor’s house.

Games were played by the Filipinos during a grand celebration or after the procession on the Santacruzan. A game called “pabitin” was very much enjoyed by the little children.

In 1901, physical exercise was one of the subjects introduced in the public schools, and a regular program of athletics was developed.

In 1905, Baseball and Track & Field were introduced and taught to the young boys in school.

In 1909, the athletic program for the schools was inaugurated which was given emphasis to the playing of western sports and coaching of tennis.

The American Period

In 1910,when the Carnival Meet was held in Manila In 1914, Basketball game for the girls was

introduced and was discontinued, because it was found very strenuous for the girls.

In 1911, the” athletic handbook” he was published which prescribed a few simple group games and relays in the first part, while the second part continued the rules for baseball, basketball for the girls, volleyball, indoor baseball, track and field, and lawn tennis.

In 1920,a syllabus entitled “Physical Education: manual for Teachers” was published which was submitted by a special committee of superintendents and edited by Frederick O. England, then Playground Director of the City manila.

Physical Education was made a required subject in the curriculum of all public schools.

Discuss: Answer the following questions intelligently.

1. Describe the physical activities of the primitive society.

2.What emphasis of the European physical education activities? Explain.

ACTIVITY

Is an integral part of the education program. It is designed to promote the optimum

development of the individual: Physical Mental Social Emotional

Definition of Physical Education

Through total body movement in the performance of properly selected physical activities.

It is also important segment of general education which aims to contribute to the total development of the learner through participation in selected vigorous activities.

Considering these four aspect; Fitness is the ability To live a healthy Satisfying Useful life This kind of life is what the education

philosophers and thinkers term as the “good life”. This is the ultimate goal of education.

Major Goal of Physical Education

Physical DevelopmentMental DevelopmentSocial DevelopmentEmotional Development

Objectives of Physical Education

Through carefully selected physical education activities, an individual who participates actively will develop and maintain good health and high level of physical fitness.

Physical Development

Through participation is physical education activities the individual develops his mental capacities as he learns the mechanics principles underlying movements, as he acquires knowledge and understanding of the rules and strategies of the games and sports, and as he discovers ways of improving his movements in basketball tournament.

Mental Development

Participation of physical education activities opportunities for the development of desirable social traits needed for adjustment to the social life in general. Some worthwhile traits are:

Friendliness Cooperation Respects for the right of others Sportsmanship Honesty in the group activity or competition.

Social Development

Participating in varied physical activities enable one to acquire pleasant attitudes, desirable habits, appreciations and values. The formal nature of physical activities offers opportunities for self- expression and emotional mastery.

These are: self-confidence self-reliance self-control courage and

determination

Emotional Development

Organic Vigor Endurance Strength Power Flexibility Agility Balance Speed

The Components of Physical Fitness

Refers to the soundness of the heart and lungs which contributes to the ability to resists disease.

Organic Vigour

Is the ability to sustain long continued contractions where a number of muscle groups are used; the capacity to bear or last long in a certain task without undue fatigue.

Endurance

Is the capacity to sustain the application of force without yielding or breaking; the ability of the muscle to exert effort against a resistance.

Strength

Refers to the ability of the muscles to release maximum force in the shortest period of time.

Power

Is a quality of plasticity which gives the ability to do a wide of movement.

Flexibility

Is the ability of the individual to change direction or position in space with quickness and lightness of movement.

Agility

Is the ability to control organic equipment neuro-mascularly; a state of equilibrium.

Balance

Is the ability to make successive movements of the same kind in the shortest period of time.

Speed

Every individual desires to live a long, healthy, and happy life. Based on clinical experimental data undertaken in progressive countries, many people today know how to get and stay in shape.

Physical Education and Testing

It is known the exercise, diet, and attitude affect health and one’s ways of living so that a careful study of these factors and their application can lead to a healthy lifestyle.

Standing long jump Cur-up 50-meter sprint Pull-up Flexed-arm hang(girls) Shuttle run Sit and reach 3-minute step test

Physical Fitness Battery Test

Parts of the Body

Jog in place Head bending/Isolation Head rotation Shoulder rotation Arm circling/hands clapping(forward/backward) Trunk rotation/bending Knee rotation/bending Ankle rotation Leg swings Jumping jacks

The Warm-up Exercises

Twist (Stand Erect) Knee and arm lift (Stand Tall) Long stretch (Sit with legs extended in front,

hands on waist)

Basic Conditioning Exercises

Twister Toe- touch (Stand Tall) Knee toe balance (Stand tall & Hands on

waist) Dipsy- Doodle (Stand tall with feet together Knee grasp and pull (Stand tall, hands on

sides) Hip walk (Sit with feet extended arms in

front, shoulder level)

Exercises for Particular Needs