pdf.usaid.govpdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/pdacw421.pdfstatus report on water supply system...

Status Report on Water Supply System Sangli-Miraj-Kupwad, India

Task Consultants & Indo-US FIRE Project fire_smk (WSS)/ 31-Jan-02

Contents

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY................................................................................................................................... I

A. Overview ......................................................................................................................................i

B. Existing Water Supply System................................................................................................... ii Sangli....................................................................................................................................................... ii Miraj ....................................................................................................................................................... iii Kupwad....................................................................................................................................................iv Operation and Maintenance .....................................................................................................................v Key Issues .................................................................................................................................................v

C. Institutional Arrangement............................................................................................................v

D. Municipal Fiscal Status. .......................................................................................................... viii Water Supply Account..............................................................................................................................ix Billing and collection procedure. .............................................................................................................x Water Supply Connection .........................................................................................................................x

E. Future Proposals, Investment Plans and Sustenance...................................................................x Status of Planned Proposal.......................................................................................................................x Demand Supply Assessment.....................................................................................................................xi Potential Areas of Improvement .............................................................................................................xii Investment Plans, Financial Implications and Investment Assistance...................................................xiii

F. Water Supply Performance Indicators .....................................................................................xiv

I. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................1

A. Historical Background of Sangli - Miraj - Kupwad ....................................................................1 Population ................................................................................................................................................1 Location of the city ...................................................................................................................................1 Communication links with other cities......................................................................................................2 Local economy..........................................................................................................................................2

B. Background of the Status Report on Water Supply.....................................................................3 Scope of Consultant's Work ......................................................................................................................3 Base for report preparation......................................................................................................................6

C. Structure of the Report ................................................................................................................7

II. EXISTING WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM.............................................................................................8

A. Sangli Water Supply....................................................................................................................8 History ......................................................................................................................................................8 Raw Water and Treatment ........................................................................................................................9 Clear Water Transmission and Distribution...........................................................................................13 Service Coverage ....................................................................................................................................15 Performance and quality of service ........................................................................................................15

B. Miraj Water Supply...................................................................................................................17 History ....................................................................................................................................................17 Raw Water and Treatment ......................................................................................................................17 Clear Water Transmission and Distribution...........................................................................................20 Service Coverage ....................................................................................................................................21 Performance and Quality of the Service.................................................................................................21



C. Kupwad Water Supply ..............................................................................................................22 History ....................................................................................................................................................22 Distribution.............................................................................................................................................23 Service Coverage ....................................................................................................................................23 Performance and Quality of the Service.................................................................................................23

D. System Operation and Maintenance..........................................................................................24 Schedule of Operation and Maintenance................................................................................................24 Maintenance Facility ..............................................................................................................................24

E. Key Issues .................................................................................................................................25

III. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS.............................................................................................27

A. Organisation of The Corporation ..............................................................................................27 Background.............................................................................................................................................27 Existing Organisation Structure of SMK-MC.........................................................................................27

B. Organization of Water Supply Department...............................................................................30 Organisation Structure ...........................................................................................................................31 Staffing Pattern.......................................................................................................................................37 Staff Profile - General Analysis ..............................................................................................................39 Staff Profiles - co-relation ......................................................................................................................43 Adequacy of Qualifications and Experience...........................................................................................45 Adequacy in the respect of promotion to senior cadre ...........................................................................46 Human Resource Development Policies.................................................................................................46 Labour Relations ....................................................................................................................................48

C. Systems, Procedures and Records .............................................................................................48 Procedure for obtaining new water supply connections.........................................................................49 Customer Grievances And Complaint Redressal....................................................................................51 Periodical Reports ..................................................................................................................................53 Meter Repairing......................................................................................................................................54 Maintenance of water supply distribution system...................................................................................56 Other Records.........................................................................................................................................56 Stores ......................................................................................................................................................58 Record of revenue and capital expenditure ............................................................................................58 Employee related records and other administrative work......................................................................58

D. Key Issues .................................................................................................................................59

IV. MUNICIPAL FISCAL STATUS.........................................................................................................60

A. Municipal Accounts and Financial Reporting...........................................................................60

B. General Accounts ......................................................................................................................61 Financial Performance of the Corporation ............................................................................................61

C. Revenue Account ......................................................................................................................62 Revenue income. .....................................................................................................................................62 Revenue expenditure...............................................................................................................................66 Revenue surplus. .....................................................................................................................................67

D. Capital Account.........................................................................................................................68 Capital Income .......................................................................................................................................68 Capital Expenditure................................................................................................................................70

E. Financial Status .........................................................................................................................70

F. Water Account...........................................................................................................................71 Revenue Account - Income......................................................................................................................71



Sources of income. ..................................................................................................................................71 Tariffs .....................................................................................................................................................72 Revenue Account - Expenditure..............................................................................................................76 Operating ratio .......................................................................................................................................77 Capital Account - Income .......................................................................................................................78 Capital Account - Expenditure ...............................................................................................................78 Collection performance ..........................................................................................................................78

G. Billing and Collection Procedure ..............................................................................................80 Meter Reading ........................................................................................................................................80 Bill Preparation. .....................................................................................................................................83 Delivery and Collection of Bills..............................................................................................................83 Delayed Payment....................................................................................................................................84 Disconnection and Reconnection............................................................................................................84 Water Supply Connections......................................................................................................................84 Policy Regarding Metered Connections .................................................................................................85 Quantities Billed by Working and Non-working Meters.........................................................................86

H. Key Issues .................................................................................................................................87

V. FUTURE PROPOSALS, INVESTMENT PLANS AND RECOMMENDATIONS .......................88

A. Status of Planned Proposals ......................................................................................................88 Sangli Water Supply ...............................................................................................................................88 Miraj Water Supply.................................................................................................................................89 Kupwad Water Supply ............................................................................................................................90

B. Demand Supply Assessment .....................................................................................................90 Sangli Water Supply ...............................................................................................................................91 Miraj Water Supply.................................................................................................................................91 Kupwad Water Supply ............................................................................................................................94 Adequacy of the Augmentation Plans. ....................................................................................................94

C. Potential Areas of Improvement................................................................................................95

D. Investment Plans, Financial Implications and Investment Assistance. .....................................95 Investment Plans.....................................................................................................................................95 Financial Implications and Investment Assistance.................................................................................95



Tables Table 1.1: Population of Sangli, Miraj and Kupwad..............................................................................................1 Table 2.1: Average Rate of Water Supply in Sangli ............................................................................................16 Table 2.2: Average Rate of Water Supply in Miraj..............................................................................................22 Table 3.1: Sections and activities of Sangli Water Works ...................................................................................31 Table 3.2: Sections and activities of Miraj Water Works.....................................................................................34 Table 3.3: Summary of sanctioned and filled posts .............................................................................................38 Table 3.4: Number of connections per employee.................................................................................................38 Table 3.6: Age profile ..........................................................................................................................................40 Table 3.7: Experience profile ...............................................................................................................................40 Table 3.8: Education profile.................................................................................................................................41 Table 3.9: Salary profile.......................................................................................................................................42 Table 3.10: Co-relation between age and education ............................................................................................43 Table 3.11: Co-relation between experience and education.................................................................................44 Table 3.12: Qualifications and experience of operating staff...............................................................................45 Table 3.13: Monthly summary of consumer complaints (Year 2000-2001) ........................................................52 Table 3.14: History of repairs in pipelines ...........................................................................................................53 Table 4.1: Summarised income and expenditure of the Corporation ...................................................................61 Table 4.2: Summary of revenue income ..............................................................................................................62 Table 4.3: Components of the property tax..........................................................................................................63 Table 4.4: Collection performance of property tax ..............................................................................................64 Table 4.5: Summary of revenue expenditure .......................................................................................................66 Table 4.6: Revenue surplus / deficit .....................................................................................................................67 Table 4.7: Capital account performance...............................................................................................................68 Table 4.8: Municipal corporation funds ...............................................................................................................69 Table 4.9: Details of loans ...................................................................................................................................69 Table 4.10: Details of capital expenditure............................................................................................................70 Table 4.11: Summarised financial status..............................................................................................................70 Table 4.12: Details of water supply revenue income ...........................................................................................71 Table 4.13: Monthly meter rent............................................................................................................................72 Table 4.14: Water charges by metered supply .....................................................................................................73 Table 4.15: Schedule of minimum consumption..................................................................................................73 Table 4.16: Fitting and coolie charges .................................................................................................................74 Table 4.17: Meter testing fees ..............................................................................................................................74 Table 4.18: Schedule of security deposit..............................................................................................................74 Table 4.19: Minimum charges for non-working metered connections, charged by MJP.....................................75 Table 4.20: Minimum charges for non-metered connections, charged by MJP ...................................................75 Table 4.21: Details of water supply revenue expenditure ....................................................................................76 Table 4.22: Operating ratio (water supply) ..........................................................................................................77 Table 4.23: Details of water supply capital expenditure ......................................................................................78 Table 4.24: Collection performance - Sangli .......................................................................................................79



Table 4.25: Collection performance - Miraj.........................................................................................................80 Table 4.26: Schedule for meter reading in Sangli ................................................................................................81 Table 4.27: Number of connection as per category of consumers .......................................................................85 Table 4.28: Comparison of quantity billed/connection/year in Sangli .................................................................86 Table 4.29: Comparison of billed quantity/connection/year in Miraj ..................................................................87 Table: 5.1: Assessment of demand, supply and shortfall of Sangli water supply scheme ...................................92 Table: 5.2: Assessment of demand, supply and shortfall of Miraj water supply facility .....................................93 Table: 5.3: Investment for rehabilitation of water supply system........................................................................96 Table 5.4: Potential areas of improvement...........................................................................................................97



Figures Figure 3.1: Organisation chart of SMK-MC .........................................................................................................29 Figure 3.2: Existing Organisation Set-up of Water Supply and Drainage Services of SMK-MC........................30 Figure 3.3: Organisation chart of Sangli water works...........................................................................................33 Figure 3.4: Organisation chart of Miraj water works ............................................................................................36 Figure 3.5: Procedure for obtaining new water supply connection.......................................................................50 Figure 3.6: Format of weekly report to the Municipal Commissioner ..................................................................54 Figure 4.1 Composition of cost components of water supply operations .............................................................76 Figure 4.2: Procedure for billing and collection of water charges ........................................................................82


Abbreviations


a

Abbreviations

A/Amp : Ampere AC : Asbestos cement ACB : Air circuit breaker Annex : Annexure BA : Bachelor of Arts B. Com. : Bachelor of Commerce BE : Bachelor of Engineering B. Sc. : Bachelor of Science conn : Connection Cum : Cubic meter CI : Cast iron COD : Chemical oxygen demand CPHEEO : Central Public Health and Environment Engineering

Organization DCE : Diploma in Civil Engineering DEE : Diploma in Electrical Engineering DME : Diploma in Mechanical Engineering DI : Ductile iron dia : Diameter DG : Diesel generator DO : Dissolved oxygen DO (fuse) : Drop out (fuse) DP : Double pole ESR : Elevated service reservoir ETP : Establishment, Tools and Plant FIRE Project : Financial Institutions Reform and Expansion Project FSL : Full supply level GI : Galvanized iron GL : Ground level GOI : Government of India GOM : Government of Maharashtra GR : Government Resolution ha : Hectare hh : House hold HOT : Hand operated traversing (crane) HDPE : High density polyethylene HT : High tension HP/hp : Horse power HRD : Human Resource Development HS/hs : Hume steel IL & FS : Infrastructure Leasing & Financial Services (Ltd) IPS : Indian patent stone ITI : Industrial Training Institute kg : Kilogram kg/cm2 : Kilogram per centimeter


Abbreviations


b

km : Kilometer KT weir : Kolhapur type weir KVA : Kilo volt ampere KVAH : Kilo volt ampere hours KVARH : Kilo volt ampere reactance hour KW : Kilo watt L : Length LDL : Lowest drawable level LIC : Life Insurance Corporation LSGD : Local Self Government Diploma lpcd : Litres per capita per day lps : Litres per second LT : Low tension m : Meter m2 : Square meter m3 : Cubic meter MA : Master of Arts MBR : Master balancing reservoir MCCB : Miniature current circuit breaker M Com : Master of Commerce mcum : Million cubic meters Mech : Mechanical mg/l : Milligram / litre MJP : Maharashtra Jeevan Pradhikaran MIDC : Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation MIS : Management information system Misc : Miscellaneous ML : Million litres MLD : Million litres per day mm : Millimeter MPCB : Maharashtra Pollution Control Board M&R : Maintenance and repairs MSEB : Maharashtra State Electrical Board MT : Metric tonne NA : Not available NIC : National Informatics Centre No/no : Number / number NRAP : National River Action Plan NW : Non working OCB : Oil circuit breaker O&M : Operation and Maintenance OMB : Open Market Borrowing OT : Orthotolidine Test ppm : Parts per million PSC : Prestressed concrete PSP : Private sector participation PVC : Polyvinyl chloride RCC : Reinforced cement concrete


Abbreviations


c

Ref : Reference RL : Reduced level Rs : Rupees RTO : Regional Transport Office SMK-MC : Sangli Miraj Kupwad Municipal Corporation S. No. : Survey number SPDP : Screen protected drip proof Sr. No. : Serial number SS : Suspended solids SSC : Secondary School Certificate STP : Sewage treatment plant ` SWD : Standing water depth T : Total TDS : Total dissolved solids UCR : Uncoursed rubble UFW : Unaccounted for water V : Volt VT : Vertical turbine W : Working WTP : Water treatment plant


Executive Summary


i

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

A. Overview (1) The twin cities of Sangli-Miraj, which together with Kupwad form the Sangli - Miraj -

Kupwad Municipal Corporation, are located on the banks of the river Krishna in the southern part of Maharashtra State. Sangli, as a city, has seen growth mainly in the last two decades.

(2) The estimated population for the year 2001 is 0.45 million persons with the following

distribution of population in each city:

(a) Sangli 0.25 million; (b) Miraj 0.15 million; and (c) Kupwad 0.05 million.

(3) The growth of the city was faster in decades 1951-1961 and 1961-71, but in subsequent

decades, it appears to have slowed down and settled for a moderate level of about 30% per decade.

(4) The Sangli-Miraj-Kupwad Municipal Corporation (SMK-MC) has initiated a Water

Supply and Sewerage Project with private sector participation, with a twin objective of improving the operation, maintenance and management of the existing system and developing new projects for major investments for meeting the future demands. This effort is aimed at eventually privatising the water and sewerage system in a phase-wise manner.

(5) The Indo-USAID FIRE (D) Project1 is positioning Sangli-Miraj-Kupwad as a model for

medium-sized cities in the country for improvement of service delivery. The project is supporting the city in the areas of: private sector participation in water and wastewater, accounting reforms, energy audit, solid waste management, municipal resource mobilization and a strategy for improvement of access to services by the urban poor. The FIRE Project has also carried out an independent study on the municipal fiscal status. It is expected that the successful implementation of this demonstration project will lead to developing sustainable models for medium towns of Maharashtra (and India).

1 The Indo-USAID Financial Institutions Reform and Expansion (FIRE) project addresses the development

challenges facing India’s cities. In the early 1990s there was growing recognition that engaging the private sector could increase resources for cities. Accessing these resources requires that cities adopt the discipline of commercial viability. The FIRE project initiated activities based on this theme in November 1994 and the second phase continues through September 2003. The project is sometimes called the FIRE (D) project. The (D) refers to debt– helping cities mobilize resources by issuing bonds, obtaining loans from financial institutions, or using other debt financing mechanisms for urban infrastructure. FIRE (R), recently launched as a distinct USAID project, aims to regulate expansion of India’s capital markets.


Executive Summary


ii

B. Existing Water Supply System Sangli (6) The water supply system in Sangli town, which has been developed in four stages from

year 1957 to 1983, has following main components. (7) Raw Water and Treatment. The city of Sangli sources its water from the river Krishna,

through the storage created by a Kolhapur Type weir, which is periodically replenished through releases from the Koyana and Dhom irrigation projects. While the source is reliable, it is subjected to pollution by Sheri nalla. The project under the National River Action Plan, which is expected to solve the problem, is yet to be approved by the Government of India.

(a) Head Works: The headworks consisting of intake well, connecting pipe, jack well

and pump house are in good condition. (b) Raw Water Pumping: Raw water is pumped through pumping mains to the

Hirabag and Malbunglow Water works, at 818,000 Litres/hour and 1,500,000 Litres/hour respectively. Though the pumps are old, they are currently performing in conformity with their design capacity. The discharge, however, needs verification. The pumping main to Hirabag appears to be performing reasonably well, but the main to Malbunglow is plagued with serious problem of leakage in portion of low lying area (along Sheri nalla). Against a pumping rate of 1,500 cum/hour, the flow reaching at the treatment plant appears to be only 1050-1200 cum/hour.

(c) Water Treatment Plants: There are two water treatment plants in the system.

i. Hirabag treatment plant, with its design capacity of 19.3 mld, appears to be operating reasonably well. The aeration fountain, flash mixer, flocculators and clarifiers are capable of performing their designed function. The filters are, however, not performing well and it may be necessary to add filter beds to handle the design flows. Chemical dosing system, laboratory facility and disinfection also require to be upgraded.

ii. Malbunglow water treatment plant has the design capacity of 36 MLD. The

aeration fountain, flash mixer and clariflocculators are in a reasonably good condition and can perform their intended function, with some repairs and good O&M practices. The filter house and filter beds are, however, in a very poor state. The building and wash water tank need major repairs. Filter beds are clogged and their capacity is substantially reduced. Chemical dosing system, laboratory and disinfection also need a complete rehabilitation.


Executive Summary


iii

(8) Clear Water Transmission. Treated water, stored in clear water sumps, is pumped to the

two master balancing reservoirs in Hirabag and Malbunglow and the service reservoir in Jalbhavan compound. There are two more pumping stations in the distribution system, at Yashwantnagar and near Zilla Parishad Office. Gravity mains feed other reservoirs from the master balancing reservoirs. The pumps and the transmission mains appear to be performing to the design capacity, without any serious problems.

(9) Distribution. The distribution system consists of two master balancing reservoirs, five

service reservoirs and about 119 km long of distribution mains. The reservoirs are in a reasonably good condition. The reservoir in Shivajinagar is, however, not in use. The pipelines are old and leaking.

(10) Overall Sustainability of Sangli Water Supply System. A good, dependable source,

robust system and favorable topography of the town make the system quite dependable. But its sustainability is threatened by pollution from Sheri nalla, leaking distribution etc.

(11) Service Coverage. 27.65 sq km out of 53.97 sq km area (51.54%) and entire 258,133

population have an access to the piped water supply, either through house connections or through public standposts.

(12) Performance and Quality of Service. Water supply is intermittent, in two shifts and

through seven zones.

(a) Average per capita supply is 93.12 LPCD (109.14 LPCD through house connections and 30.40 LPCD through public standposts).

(b) Duration of supply is 4 hours (in two shifts of 2 hours each). The pressure is reasonably good.

(c) Quality of river water and water distributed to the consumers is good. Miraj (13) The water supply system in Miraj, developed in four stages, has following main

components. (14) Raw Water and Treatment. The source of water is Krishna river. The storage created by

a weir near village Mhaisal makes the source very dependable.

(a) Head Works: The headworks consisting of intake well, inspection wells, jackwell and pumphouse are capable of meeting the requirements of the scheme.

(b) Raw Water Pumping: Raw water is pumped to the treatment plant through two

pumping mains. The pumping machinery appears to be performing satisfactorily and may be even capable of producing additional quantity. While the old Hume Steel pumping main is leaking badly, the other PSC pipeline is in good condition.

(c) Water Treatment Plant: This plant, with total capacity of 19.20 MLD, consists of

aeration fountains, flash mixers, flocculators, clarifiers, filters and chlorination.


Executive Summary


iv

The units appear to be performing their design function reasonably well, though the filters need some repairs and control. The chemical dosing system, laboratory and chlorination equipment need to be upgraded.

(15) Clear Water Transmission. Clear water pumping is done to fill the three service

reservoirs. The sump, pumping machinery and pumping mains appear to be in good condition and capable of performing their designed function.

(16) Distribution. Water is distributed in the town through three service reservoirs and 107

km long distribution network. The reservoirs are sound in construction and in use. The pipe network is old and leaking.

(17) Overall Sustainability of Miraj Water Supply System. The system is robust, has a

dependable source of water and is capable to serve the town in future. However, repairs to old raw water pumping main, improvements in water treatment plant and repairs / replacement of heavily leaking pipes in the distribution system will be necessary.

(18) Service Coverage. 14.36 sq km out of 43.98 sq km area (32.64%) and about 98.80% of

the 149,974 population have access to the piped water supply system, through house connections or public standposts.

(19) Performance and Quality of Service. The water supply is intermittent, in two shifts,

through two principal zones.

(a) Average per capita supply is 79.30 LPCD (83.36 LPCD through house connections and 43.08 LPCD through public standposts).

(b) Duration of supply varies from 2 to 14 hours and the residual pressures vary from 4 to 12 meters.

(c) Quality of river water and water supplied to the consumers is good.

Kupwad (20) Kupwad does not have its own water supply facility. A supply of 1.2 MLD is obtained

from MIDC and distributed in the town. (21) Distribution. The distribution system consists of a service reservoir (0.45 ML) and

about 11.50 km long distribution network, consisting of AC, PVC and HDPE pipelines. (22) Service Coverage. About 43% of the area (8.77 sq km out of 20.33 sq km) and 69% of

the 42,297 population appear to have an access to the pipe network. (23) Performance and Quality of Service. The supply is intermittent and for a duration of 1

to 3 hours per day.

(a) Average per capita supply is about 51.89 LPCD. (b) The residual pressure in the distribution system is low. (c) Quality of water supplied to the town is generally good.


Executive Summary


v

Operation and Maintenance

(24) Schedule of Operation and Maintenance. The O&M system suffers from the lack of

O&M manuals, maps, drawings and formal schedule of operations, inspection and maintenance. However, a system of preventive maintenance of the pumps and other equipment is followed. There is also a regular system of water quality monitoring.

(25) Maintenance Facility. The SMK-MC staff does routine maintenance and repairs, while

special repairs are done through local workshops. History of special repairs is maintained in the registers.

Key Issues (26) Following areas call for a closer study and improvements.

(a) Sangli: Pollution of river water by Sheri nalla, reduced discharge of pumps, leaking pipelines, unsatisfactory performance of treatment plant units, such as filters, chemical dosing system, laboratory and chlorination and non-use of service reservoir in Shivajinagar.

(b) Miraj: Leaking hume steel pumping main, unsatisfactory performance of

treatment plant units such as filters, chemical dosing system, laboratory and chlorinators and leakages in the distribution system.

(c) Kupwad: No system of its own, poor coverage and leaking distribution mains. (d) System of Operation and Maintenance: No drawings, plans, manuals and formal

scheme of operation, maintenance and inspection. C. Institutional Arrangement. (27) Organization Structure of SMK-MC: The functioning of SMK-MC is controlled by the

two main wings. The first consists of the General Body and the committees like Standing Committee, Ward Committees (four in number), and other (subject) Committees, which together are responsible for the policies and other administrative matters referred to them. The second wing is administrative wing, headed by the Municipal Commissioner.

(28) The administrative set up is headed by the Municipal Commissioner, assisted in his

functions by the Deputy Municipal Commissioner, Executive Engineer (Public Works), Executive Engineer (Water Supply), Chief Auditor and Medical and Health Officer.


Executive Summary


vi

(29) Organization of Water Supply and Drainage Department: The setup of the water

supply and drainage services is as under: (30) Organization of Water Supply Department:

(a) Sangli water works has eight sections: (i) meter reading, (ii) bill collection, (iii) filter section, (iv) pumping section, (v) pipe inspection section, (vi) stores, (vii) meter repairing section and (viii) civil engineering section. Each section is under the control of one designated person.

(b) Miraj water works has six sections viz. (i) water rate section, (ii) city section, (iii)

meter repairing section, (iv) headworks section, (v) filter section and (vi) pure water pumping section. First three sections are under the control of the Sectional Engineer (Civil), while the Sectional Engineer (Mechanical) controls other three sections.

(c) There are in all 274 persons in the two water works, 153 in Sangli, 113 in Miraj

and 8 in Kupwad. The sanctioned strength is 233, 119, and 13 in Sangli, Miraj and Kupwad respectively. Out of the filled posts, 3 are in the managerial cadre, 15 are supervisors, 104 in operating category and 152 in helper category. The number of operating staff per 1000 connections is 7 in Sangli, 10 in Miraj and 3 in Kupwad with average figure of the whole corporation of 7 persons per 1000 connections. Average population served by one staff member is 1901 in Sangli (including Kupwad), 1327 in Miraj and 1693 in the Corporation as a whole.

(31) Staff profile: The profile of the staff is as under:

(a) The age profile of the staff shows that majority of the staff members (77 %) are in the age group of 36 to 55. 15 % of the staff are below the age of 35. Average age of the staff is 43.

(b) About 58 % employees have an experience of more than 15 years, while 42 %

have an experience of 5 to 15 years. Thus the staff is quite well experienced.

(c) Education wise, less than 10 % of the employees hold degree or diploma. Only 18% have some vocational training in the related trades, while almost 57 % employees are educated upto 10th school standard only.

Executive Engineer (Water Supply)

Water Works Engineer (Sangli)

Drainage Engineer (Sangli)

Water Works Engineer (Miraj)

Drainage Engineer (Miraj)


Executive Summary


vii

(d) 68 % of the staff are in the lowest salary scale, while another 29 % are in the next

higher scale. (32) Comparison of age with education and experience: Comparison of age and education

of the staff reveals that young employees upto age of 25 have only high school level education and 70% of the employees in the age group of 26 to 45 are educated only upto SSC level. Similarly, comparison of experience with education reveals that 80% of the staff, having less than 15 years of experience, have formal education upto SSC level only.

(33) Adequacy of qualifications and experience: The managerial staff has adequate

qualifications and experience for the designated functions. Only 4 out of 15 supervisors are not adequately trained to perform their functions. In operating cadre, large number of technical persons do not have suitable qualifications in the respective trades and would need formal training support.

(34) Adequacy in respect of promotion to senior cadre: Considering the age groups and

possibility of the staff on deputation going back to their parent organisation, there is a likelihood of crisis in manning the managerial posts in near future. For promotion to supervisory cadre from operating staff, suitably trained technical persons are not available. Similarly, there are very few persons in helper category, who are suitable for the promotion to the operating category.

(35) Human resources development policies: There are no well documented HRD policies,

which are followed in SMK-MC.

(a) The concept of manpower planning is not followed in a real sense. The list of "sanctioned" posts is used as a guideline. Vacancies are filled by recruitment or transfer. There are, at present, many vacancies in the water supply and drainage department. There is no system of career planning of individuals.

(b) The recruitment is done as per the set of Recruitment Rules of SMK-MC. There is

no formal policy for training. (c) Promotions are done as per the recommendations of the promotion committee. (d) Transfers are done by the Commissioner. (e) Some staff (usually in class IV) are employed on contract for a maximum period

of one year. (36) Industrial relations: Industrial relations in the Corporation have generally been

amicable. There are three employees' unions, which look after the interest of the employees. The major demand is application of the recommendations of the 5th Pay Commission.


Executive Summary


viii

(37) Systems, procedures and records: The Corporation has not framed its manual or by-

laws. It follows bylaws of the erstwhile municipal councils at Sangli and Miraj and the Maharashtra Municipal Accounts Code 1971.Record is kept in the form of registers, which are maintained manually. Only limited use of computer is made in billing and preparing demand register. However steps are being taken up to computerize many other operations of SMK-MC. The status of main systems and procedures followed is mentioned below:

(a) Granting new connections: Formal elaborate procedure and forms are prescribed

for granting new water supply and sewerage connections. (b) Customer grievance and redressal: In both Sangli and Miraj, a formal system of

receiving, recording and attending to the complaints of the citizens is operated. The redressal normally takes one or two days. On an average, about 3-4 complaints are received daily in water supply section.

(c) Periodical reporting: The Municipal Commissioner reviews the work of all the

departments every week, for which, one report is prepared by the Executive Engineer (Water Supply) for the review of the Commissioner.

(d) Meter repairing: Meter repairing and testing facilities exist both at Sangli and

Miraj. While, in the past, the meters were also provided by the then municipal councils / MJP, the present practice is to ask the applicant to bring his own meter and get it tested in the meter testing shops of the corporation. The capacities of the meter repairing workshops at Sangli and Miraj are underutilised.

(e) Other records and registers: Registers are maintained on daily basis at all the

pumping stations, treatment plants, testing of water samples, use of chemicals etc. In addition, stock registers, accounts of revenue and capital expenditure and employee related records are maintained periodically.

D. Municipal Fiscal Status. (38) Municipal accounts and financial reporting. The Corporation's accounts are

maintained on cash basis. Annual budget report, presented to the Corporation, includes last two years actual accounts and budget estimates for the next year. Budget covers two parts: Part 'C' represents water supply and sewerage operations while part 'A' covers all other services. Both these parts have capital and revenue accounts on income and expenditure.

General Account (39) Total income of the Corporation increased from Rs.394.28 million in the year 1998-99

to Rs.477.11 million in the year 2000-01, thus registering an average growth of 10.2%. During the same period, expenditure increased from Rs. 397.28 million to Rs.439.96 million, with an average growth of 10.6%.


Executive Summary


ix

(40) Revenue account performance: Out of the total income, revenue income constitutes

86% share of the Corporation. Revenue income registered an annual growth of 19% during the period from 1998-99 to 2000-01 (Rs. 255.58 million to Rs.359.76 million). Out of the total revenue income, shares of the property tax and octroi are 17% and 59% respectively, whereas income from revenue grants is 15% of the total revenue income. Income from properties and miscellaneous sources constitute the remaining 9% share of the total revenue income. In the same period, revenue expenditure of the Corporation increased from Rs. 180.06 million in the year 1998-99 to Rs225.82 million in the year 2000-01, with average growth of 12% per annum. During this period, the Corporation generated average revenue surplus of Rs.112.37 million from Budget A operations. The water supply and sewerage operations resulted in an average deficit of Rs.17.96 million which is 15% of the average annual revenue surplus.

(41) Capital account performance: During the period under the review, the Corporation's

capital expenditure increased from Rs.69.41 million to Rs.120.37 million. During the same period, the capital income generated was Rs.0.42 million and Rs.0.29 million respectively. Thus, there was an average capital deficit of Rs.95.77 million from budget A and C operations. This is mainly due to the fact that there are no sources of capital income. Most of the capital expenditure is financed by the revenue surplus generated by the Corporation.

(42) Net surplus from operations. The opening surplus (reserves) available with the

Corproation at the beginning of the year 1998-99 was Rs.15.10 million. At the end of the year 1998-99, the surplus available was Rs.12.10 million, which increased to Rs.35.32 million at the end of the year 1999-00. Again in the year 2000-01, the net surplus dropped to Rs.26.47 million.

Water Supply Account (43) Revenue account performance

(a) Revenue income. Revenue income from water supply operations increased from

Rs.49.92 million in the year 1998-99 to Rs.73.99 million in the year 2000-01 indicating average growth rate of 23%. Out of this income, the share of income from water taxes is 95.2%. Other income results from delayed payment charges, meter rent, income from repairs etc and its share is negligible in the total revenue income. The Corporation's supply is metered and tariff per 1000 liters of supply ranges from Rs.4.50 to Rs.20.00 for different categories of the consumers. If the meters are not working, a flat charge of Rs.180 for two months is levied, based on a minimum consumption of 40,000 liters for two months. The current water tariff has come into effect from August 1, 1998.

(b) Revenue expenditure. Revenue expenditure covers expenditure on the items like

staff cost, M&R, power and fuel, water treatment, raw water charges and administrative costs. The revenue expenditure on water supply increased from Rs. 60.08 million in the year 1998-99 to Rs.81.22 million in 2000 - 2001, indicating a growth of 17%. The share of power and fuel is 50% of the total expenditure,


Executive Summary


x

whereas that of staff cost and raw water charges is 22% and 20% respectively. (c) Operating ratio. Operating ratio was 1.20 in the year 1998-99 and 1.10 in the year

2000-01 respectively.

(44) Capital account performance. Capital expenditure on water supply was Rs.6.66 million in the year 1998-99 and Rs.5.27 million in the year 2000-01. There is no capital income from water supply operations.

(45) Collection performance. Average collection performance of Sangli Water Works is

62% (Rs. 24 million in FY 2000-01) and 49% (Rs. 38 million FY 2000-01) in of current and total demand respectively. In case of Miraj, average collection performance is 42% (Rs. 29 million in FY 2000-01) of total demand.

Billing and collection procedure. (46) Meter reading. In Sangli there are 12 meter reader who cover 18 different areas of the

city. In Miraj, the area is divided in four wards and 12 meter readers together cover the entire town. The readings are taken once in two months.

(47) Bill preparation. Bills are prepared by the 28th of the previous month and are delivered

by the 10th of the current month. (48) Collection. Collection is done at the collection centres in Sangli and Miraj and also in

some branches of Vasantdada Shetkari Sahakari Bank Limited. Delayed payment charges at 1.5% per month on outstanding amount levied if the bills are not paid in time.

(49) Disconnection and reconnection. If more than 3 bills remain unpaid, a notice is served

to consumer regarding disconnection and a period of 30 days is given for payment. After that period, a connection is cut. A connection is restored after dues are received and the consumer pays reconnection fee.

Water Supply Connection (50) There are 36,671 water supply connections within the Corporation area out of which

24,924 (68%) are in Sangli and Kupwad and 11,742 (32%) are in Miraj. Out of the total collections, 34,591 (95%) are domestic connections and remaining are non-domestic and institutional connections. All the connections in Sangli and Miraj are metered connections whereas in Kupwad there are no meters. Out of the metered connections only 13%, connections are working in Sangli, whereas in Miraj 65% of the meters are in working condition.

E. Future Proposals, Investment Plans and Sustenance. Status of Planned Proposal (51) Sangli. One augmentation scheme has been prepared by MJP (1997- 98) to take care of

the future demand. The proposals include new pumps, transmission mains, additional


Executive Summary


xi

treatment plants, service reservoirs and distribution network. They are estimated to cost Rs. 598.19 million and the recurring cost will be Rs. 1092.33 million. The scheme has not been approved so far.

(52) Miraj. The augmentation and improvement scheme, prepared by MJP (1998), includes

new source works, pumping machinery, pumping mains, treatment plant, service reservoirs and additional distribution network. The capital cost is estimated at Rs. 454.67 million and the recurring cost is estimated at Rs. 90.23 million. The proposals are again being revised by MJP and are still not approved.

(53) Kupwad. The preliminary project, prepared by MJP (2001), is designed to include

components of new source works, pumping machinery, pumping mains, treatment plant, transmission mains, reservoirs and distribution system. The cost of the scheme is broadly estimated at Rs. 310.36 million. Detail engineering designs and cost estimates are not yet prepared.

(54) The FIRE project has scoped out and commenced implementation of a complementary

approach to address the issue of ensuring access by the urban poor to environmental infrastructure services. The FIRE Project proposes to formulate strategies to improve access by the poor to basic services in the development of commercially viable urban water supply and sewerage projects in Sangli-Miraj-Kupwad Municipal Corporation. City-level action plans for slum upgrading will be prepared with active participation of all stakeholders. Implementation of the community and city level action plans will help to improve access to urban services by the poor, empower communities to participate in the process, build municipal capacity to respond to demands for services from low income settlements, and converge funds from different sources and contributions from the communities. As a part of Phase I, the FIRE Project has identified 10,800 households in 99 low-income settlements, of which 49 are situated in Sangli, 39 in Miraj and 11 in Kupwad. About 64 % of these settlements are located on public land. About 77 % of these settlements have access to community water (public standposts) and only 4 % of the settlements have access to individual or group water connections.

Demand Supply Assessment (54) Sangli Water Supply. The analysis of the present demand and available supply shows

the following:

(a) Raw water source is quite adequate. (b) While the raw water quality appears to be acceptable, Sheri nalla poses a constant

threat of pollution. (c) The components like raw water pumping and clear water pumping appear to be

adequate to meet the present demand. However some shortfall in raw water conveyance and treatment is noticed. The storage capacity of the service reservoirs also requires to be increased. Some distribution lines, which are leaking, may need to be replaced.


Executive Summary


xii

(55) Miraj Water Supply. While the source of water is dependable, the capacities of components, like raw water pumping, raw water conveyance, treatment plant and service reservoirs, are not adequate to meet the present demand. Some pipelines in the distribution system, which are leaking heavily or are of small size, may need replacement.

(56) Kupwad Water Supply. There is no specific reservation of water for Kupwad. Present

facility, consisting of a service reservoir and distribution network, is grossly inadequate to meet the present demand of 5.710 MLD.

(57) Augmentation Proposals. The augmentation schemes, prepared by MJP, are still not

approved. They have been planned to take care of the demands in future (years 2016 and 2031).

(a) Sangli: The proposals in the new scheme will be largely adequate to meet the

demand in year 2016, except for the service reservoirs. Some additional capacities will be required to meet the demand in year 2031.

(b) Miraj: The proposed augmentation scheme is likely to meet the demands in years

2016 and 2031, except for the storage capacity of service reservoirs and distribution network.

(c) Kupwad: Formal allocation of water is required. The capacities proposed in the

preliminary project report will be adequate to meet the demand in year 2016, but will require to be augmented for year 2031 demand.

Potential Areas of Improvement

(58) Technical Aspects. Improvements are required in the following areas.

(a) Sangli Water Supply.

i. Prevention of pollution of river by Sheri nalla. ii. Improvement in discharge of raw water and clear water pumps. iii. Replacement of part of pumping main to Malbunglow treatment plant. iv. Improvement in the hydraulic properties of the transmission mains and

installation of flow meters. v. Improvement in treatment plants. vi. Arrangement to feed Shivajinagar ESR. vii. Flow meters at service reservoirs. viii. Leakage reduction in distribution and replacement of some lines.

(b) Miraj Water Supply.

i. Improvement in discharge of pumps. ii. Replacement of part of HS rising main. iii. Improvement in water treatment plant. iv. Flow meters in transmission mains and at service reservoirs.


Executive Summary


xiii

v. Leakage reduction in distribution system and replacement of some lines. (c) Kupwad.

i. Increasing the availability of water, through a possible supply from Malbunglow Zone.

ii. Additional distribution lines. (d) Operation and Maintenance.

i. Formal O&M plan. (59) Organizational Aspects. Improvements in the organizational set up are called for in

following areas.

(a) Homogeneous working of Sangli and Miraj water works. (b) Job specification and allocation of work through a work-study and reorganization

of the staff. (c) Plan of recruitment and grooming of engineers to handle the supervisory and

managerial functions, to avoid dependence on deputation from outside. (d) HRD policies for recruitment, training, promotion, transfer, reward and

incentives. (e) Use of spare capacity of meter repairing workshops. (f) System of records and procedures. (g) System of reporting and monitoring of key indicators of operational performance.

(60) Financial Aspects. The main attention needs to be focussed on following areas.

(a) Improvement in collection performance of property tax. (b) Uniform method of delayed payment charges. (c) Review of policy of flat rate for water supply in respect of non-working meters. (d) Control on energy and staff costs. (e) Revision of the water rates to take care of the adverse operating ratio of water

supply operations. (f) Preparation of comprehensive database of water supply connections. (g) Collection performance of water supply needs substantial improvement. (h) Problem of large number of non-working water meter needs to be addressed.

Investment Plans, Financial Implications and Investment Assistance.

(61) Investment Plans. The rehabilitation of the existing systems, required to take care of the

improvements suggested above, will require a substantial capital investment as under.

(a) Sangli : Rs. 94.45 million. (b) Miraj : Rs. 39.67 million. (c) Kupwad : Rs. 55.50 million. (d) Total : Rs. 189.62 million or say, Rs. 190 million.


Executive Summary


xiv

F. Water Supply Performance Indicators

Indicator Value A. % Coverage (Population with easy

access to water services)

Sangli Miraj Kupwad SMK-MC average

: : : :

100 98.80

69 96.71

B. Water consumption and production (a) Water Production i. LPCD

ii. m3/conn/ month. iii. m3/hh/month.

: : :

NA NA NA

(b) Water Consumption i. LPCD Sangli : 93.12 Miraj : 79.30 Kupwad : 51.89 SMK-MC average : 85.10 ii. m3/conn/ month. Sangli : 32.86 Miraj : 34.75 Kupwad : 20.00 SMK-MC average : 32.85 C. Metered water consumption (a) LPCD Sangli : 109.14 Miraj : 83.36 Kupwad : 0 SMK-MC average : 99.97 (b) m3/conn/ month. Sangli : 32.86 Miraj : 34.75 Kupwad : 20.00 SMK-MC average : 32.85 D. Unaccounted for water (UFW) (a) % : NA (b) m3/conn/ month : NA E. Metering practices (a) Proportion of connections that are

metered (%). Sangli Miraj Kupwad SMK-MC average

: : : :

100 100

0 95.18


Executive Summary


xv

Indicator Value

(b) Proportion of meters that are working (%).

Sangli Miraj SMK-MC average

: : :

13 65 34

(c) Proportion of water sold that is metered through working meters (%).

Sangli Miraj Kupwad SMK-MC average

: : : :

19 49

0 29

F. Pipe network performance (a) Pipe breaks/km in year in 2000-

2001 Sangli : 2.23

Miraj : 8.44 (b) Pipe breaks/conn in year in 2000-

2001 Sangli : 0.01

Miraj : 0.09 G. Cost and staffing. (a) Unit operational cost i. Rs/m3 sold 5.07 ii. Rs/ m3 produced NA (b) Staff per 1000 water connections Sangli : 7 Miraj : 10 Kupwad : 3 SMK-MC average : 7 (c) Staff per 1000 population served. Sangli

Miraj Kupwad SMK-MC average

: : :

0.59 0.76 0.27 0.63

(d) Labour cost as a proportion of operational cost (%).

: 22

(e) Contracted out service cost as a proportion of operational cost.

: Nil

H. Quality of service (a) Continuity of service (hours/day) Sangli : 4 Miraj : 2-4 Kupwad : 1-3

Sangli : 5.33 (b) Complaints about water supply service (% of water supply connections)

Miraj : 9.28


Executive Summary


xvi

Indicator Value

I. Billing and collection (a) Average tariff in Rs/m3(Total

revenue/water sold) : 4.50

(b) Total Revenue per population served in Rs/capita/year

: 149.40

(c) Residential fixed charge : Nil (d) Ratio of industrial to residential

charges : 4.44

Deposit : 500 Fitting : 100 Coolie : 10

(e) Connection charge (Rs. per connection)

Total : 610 (f) Collection period (Year end total

receivables/Total annual operating revenues expressed in months equivalent of sales)

Sangli Miraj SMK-MC average

: : :

7 9

7.5

J. Financial performance (a) Working ratio (Operational

expenses/ Total annual revenues)

i. in 1998-1999 and 1999-2000 : 1.20 ii. in 2000-2001 : 1.10 (b) Debt service ratio (% operating

revenue) : -

K. Capital Investment (a) Investment (% operating revenue) : 12 (b) Net fixed assets/capita : NA


Introduction


1

I. INTRODUCTION

A. Historical Background of Sangli - Miraj - Kupwad 1.1 The twin cities of Sangli-Miraj, which together with Kupwad form the Sangli - Miraj -

Kupwad Municipal Corporation, are located on the banks of the river Krishna in the southern part of Maharashtra State. Sangli, as a city, has seen growth mainly in the last two decades.

1.2 Historically, this city came into existence as a combination of six lanes called Saha (six)

Galli (lanes) in Marathi, which then came to be known as SANGLI - The City of Six Lanes. His Highness Chintaman Raje Patwardhan, the Maharaja of the then princely state of Sangli played a vital role in promoting Sangli as a major business centre in the State. Sangli is now known as a Decent City in Maharashtra.

1.3 Miraj a twin city with Sangli is famous for musical instruments like Sitar which are

exported from here. Miraj has also developed as a Healthcare Centre with famous Hospitals like the Wanless Hospitals, Cancer Hospital and the Mental Hospital. Miraj is also a major railway junction.

1.4 Kupwad, till recently a seperate municipal council, lies between Sangli and Miraj and

has developed as a satellite township, with an industrial estate dominating its present landuse.

Population 1.5 The historical population and growth trend of the three towns were as shown below.

Table 1.1: Population of Sangli, Miraj and Kupwad Population Year

Sangli Miraj Kupwad Total Growth

(%) 1951 50,287 40,224 6,326 96,837 1961 73,838 53,545 6,793 133,976 38.35 1971 115,138 77,606 9,353 202,097 50.85 1981 152,389 104,555 11,716 268,660 30.94 1991 196,181 121,564 33,313 351,058 30.67

2001 (estimated) 258,000 150,000 42,000 450,000 28.18 1.6 The growth of the city was faster in decades 1951-1961 and 1961-71, but in subsequent

decades, it appears to have slowed down and settled for a moderate level of about 30% per decade.

Location of the city 1.7 Sangli is located about 450 km from Mumbai (Bombay), 750 km from Bangalore and

260 km from Pune in Southern Maharahstra. It is just 30 km off the Mumbai-Bangalore National Highway NH4. The Nagpur-Ratnagiri Highway MSH3 also passes through


Introduction


2

Sangli. It lies on the border of Maharahstra and Karnataka States and acts as Maharashtra’s hub to South Indian States. Goa and Andhra Pradesh States are also nearby.

Communication links with other cities 1.8 Sangli enjoys a central and strategic location in Southern Maharashtra and is linked to

most parts of Maharashtra by road and railways. Twin cities of Sangli and Miraj lie on the Delhi-Goa Broad Gauge Railway line. Miraj is a major railway junction. The important railway routes like Delhi-Mysore, Mumbai-Bangalore also pass through Sangli-Miraj. The Kavalapur airport at Sangli which has been non-operational for the last decade due to short runway is now being expanded and will be ready for flights soon. This will connect Sangli to important cities in India.

Local economy 1.9 Over the years, Sangli has also developed as a prominent commercial centre in southern

Maharashtra. Sangli is a main wholesale market for turmeric, jaggery, chillies and food grains.

1.10 Sangli has also developed as major Sugar and Jaggery Centre in India during the regime

of Late Dr. Vasantdada Patil, the former chief minister of Maharashtra. He established various co-operative Sugar factories in the western Maharashtra region in and around Sangli. The Sugar Factory in SANGLI is the largest in Asia.

1.11 In addition to wholesale markets, there are localised retail markets in the commercial

areas of the cities dealing in food grain, grocery, wood and furniture items, clothing etc. Co-operative departmental stores are also popular in Sangli.

1.12 The Spices and Oilseeds Exchange, Sangli Chamber of Commerce and Krishna Valley

Chamber of Commerce and Industries are the major institutions associated with commercial activities in Sangli.

1.13 The head quarter of Sangli Bank Limited, one of the prominent banks in Maharashtra is

in Sangli. Sangli Bank has around 200 branches spread all over India. The city also houses various other nationalised banks and co-operative banks.

1.14 Sangli city has one of the largest industrial areas in Maharashtra. In addition to the

MIDC Industrial Estate, following industrial areas have many medium and small-scale industrial units:

i. Vasantdada Industrial Area, Sangli ii. Marathe Industrial Area, Miraj iii. Islampur MIDC Industrial Area iv. Vita MIDC Industrial Area v. Jaysingpur- Shirol Industrial Area vi. Ichalkaranji Textile Zone vii. Palus-Kirloskarwadi Industrial Area


Introduction


3

Some other new MIDC industrial areas are also coming up in Sangli district. 1.15 Recently Sangli is coming up as a mini metro city with a number of Educational

Institutes, Industrial Estates and all modern facilities such as Mobiles, Internet, etc. It has a large number of schools and colleges in both English and Marathi medium; such as colleges in Engineering and Information Technology, Medical, Pharmacy, Management, Law, etc.

B. Background of the Status Report on Water Supply 1.16 Objective. Sangli-Miraj-Kupwad Municipal Corporation (SMK-MC) has initiated a

Water Supply and Sewerage Project with private sector participation, with a twin objective of improving the operation, maintenance and management of the existing system and developing new projects for major investments for meeting the future demands. This effort is aimed at eventually privatising the water and sewerage system in a phase-wise manner.

1.17 USAID, FIRE - D and IL&FS are actively assisting SMK-MC in implementing this

reform program through PSP. It is expected that the successful implementation of this demonstration project will lead to developing sustainable models for medium towns of Maharashtra (and India).

This project will be implemented in two phases viz.

Phase I : Improved O & M and management of existing system through PSP.

Phase II : Development of the Project for meeting future demands, arranging finances with PSP and procurement of an operator for implementing the Project.

Scope of Consultant's Work 1.18 Preparation of a Status Report on the existing water and sewerage system. As per the

scope of work defined by FIRE, the consultant is expected to collect, compile and analyse the existing information on the existing water supply and sewerage as detailed below.

(a) Based on available records with SMK-MC like maps, drawings, data sheets,

reports etc assess the physical conditions and status of the water supply facilities such as raw water pumping, water treatment plants, raw and pure water rising mains, elevated service reservoirs, distribution systems, consumer connections and metering systems. In case of sewerage systems, such facilities would include collection and conveyance systems, treatment plants, pumping stations etc. The records will have to be collected from the concerned department of the Municipal Corporation and the local offices of the Maharashtra Jeevan Pradhikaran (MJP). The adequacy, accuracy and completeness of the records should be commented upon.

(b) Based on the records made available by the SMK-MC, compile the information


Introduction


4

about the age of facility and also status of the performance and utilisation of the facilities mentioned in (1) above. The objective of this assessment is to determine the service utility of the equipment for some more periods and the need to replace/repair some of that equipment to make it serviceable.

(c) Document from available sources, the service levels of the water supply and

wastewater facilities at various locations of the city. The important factors to be covered in this assessment are - coverage of the area, number of hours of supply, quantity, reliability, pressures and quality of water. The deficiencies noted in the service levels should be highlighted.

(d) Assess the population coverage and coverage of various categories of consumers

with respect to number and types of connections such as stand posts, individual connections and areas covered. This assessment should also include the slum settlements and other disadvantaged groups.

(e) Assess the nature and extent of record keeping in the municipal corporation with

respect to water supply and sewerage operations. This should cover the types of records (forms, registers, records etc) frequency of updating and utilisation. This assessment must cover the aspects of system records, maintenance, consumers, billing and collection and consumer grievance. The possibility of improving the record keeping through computerisation and other measures should be commented upon.

(f) Collect information on the present procedures followed for the maintenance of the

facilities (preventive or breakdown), scheduling of such maintenance, attending breakdowns, attending leakage etc. The nature and level of repairs and maintenance undertaken during last three years must also be documented. If some components show alarming levels of disrepair or neglect, on the basis of quick assessment of this records, these should also be highlighted.

(g) On the basis of the available reports, collect and compile the information on the

proposed augmentation plans of the water supply and sewerage facilities. The status of these plans with respect to various approvals, financing arrangements, implementation should be stated. The consultant is also expected to assess the nature and quality of augmentation plans in terms of technical, economic, social and environmental issues.

(h). Collect information on the organisational structure of the water supply and

sewerage departments of the Corporation covering Head Office set-up and set-ups provided at ward offices and installations. Compile the details of the staff deployment covering all the staff categories. The details should include name, age, staff category/position, job responsibilities, educational qualifications, collected for the permanent staff. For contract staff, the number of persons deployed for each category should be complied. Deficiencies noted in the quick analysis of the information should be highlighted.

(i) Collect information on the financial performance of the water supply and

sewerage services and assess the cost of service. (Based on expenses on staff,


Introduction


5

consumables, electricity, debt servicing if any etc.) The priority attention areas, which become evident in this assessment, should be noted.

(j) Conduct the demand-supply assessment of the water supply and sewerage

services. Cognisance of the proposed augmentation plans should be taken in this assessment.

(k) Conduct preliminary water audit of water production and consumption based on

the billing records. Broad recommendation should be made in respect of (i) making the records complete to cover various items to be considered in the water audit, (ii) areas of concern in respect of the unaccounted for water, and (iii) action plan which the Corporation should initiate to correct the situation.

(l) Compile all information available into presentable reports including preparation

of necessary maps. (m) Identify and describe potential areas of improvement.

1.19 Preparation of a Status Report on Billing and Collection System. The Consultant shall

collect, compile and analyse the existing information on the existing billing and collection system related to the water supply and sewerage services provided by the Corporation as detailed below.

(a) Collect and analyse the information on existing practices of record keeping

related to the billing and collection within the municipal corporation with respect to water supply and sewerage operations. This should cover all the activities from preparation of the bill till its receipt/recovery and generation of reports on arrears/collection, if any. The adequacy, accuracy and completeness should be commented upon. Recommendations should be given for making this record up-to-date and complete.

(b) Collect information on granting and execution of connections to various

categories of consumers. Appropriateness of the system should be commented upon.

(c) Collect information on the revenue generation mechanisms (including water

charges, connection charges, water tax, conservancy tax etc.) and their collection performance during past 3 years.

(d) Collect and compile information of present tariff and past revisions (last three

years) across various categories of the consumers. Since Miraj Water Supply Scheme has been recently taken over by the Municipal Corporation from Maharashtra Jeevan Pradhikaran, information on tariff profile of MJP in Miraj area should also be collected.

(e) Collect information on the existence and extent of illegal connections, if possible.

Details of surveys of illegal connections, if done in the recent past, should also be collected.


Introduction


6

(f) Collect information on the metering policy of the Corporation (installation,

maintenance and replacement) and assess the performance of the meter-based connections on the basis of available information. If any disparities exist in individual areas such as Sangli, Kupwad and Miraj due to the historical practices adopted by the local municipal bodies, MJP, MIDC etc, these should be highlighted.

(g) Assess and document the procedure for recording water consumption and

estimation of billing demand. The performance of meters, policy on repairs to meters and corrective measures in billing and recovery should also be highlighted.

(h) Assess the procedure for delivery of bills and collection of revenues. Document

the procedures for the delayed payment. The deficiencies noted in the procedures, areas of concern and the possibility of alternative measures to correct the situation should be highlighted.

(i) Assess the collection efficiency of water charges and / or taxes based on the

historical performance. Estimate the arrears from various categories of consumers. Areas, which need priority attention, should be noted.

(j) Collect information on the procedures for the disconnections and reconnections. (k) Collect information on customers grievance system including documentation of

type of complaints. Effectiveness of the system should be highlighted. (l) Compile all information available into presentable reports including preparation

of necessary maps. (m) Identify and describe potential areas of improvement.

Base for report preparation 1.20 The status report is based on the

(a) Project reports of various stages of development of water supply and sewerage services in SMK-MC, collected from the corporation and Maharashtra Jeevan Pradhikaran,

(b) Maps of the water supply and sewerage schemes showing the pipe and sewer

networks, (c) Records in various sections of water supply and drainage departments and other

department of SMK-MC, (d) Discussions with the officers and staff of various departments of SMK-MC, who

are connected with the water supply and sewerage operations in the town, (e) Field visits by a team of engineers to various installations of the existing water


Introduction


7

supply and sewerage schemes, for studying their condition and performance, (f) Reconnaissance surveys of all wards to gather information about the coverage and

level of service and assessment of likely demand, and (g) Field visits with the maintenance staff of SMK-MC for collecting information

required to prepare an updated map of the water supply distribution network. C. Structure of the Report Separate reports are prepared for water supply and sewerage systems. This report, which

deals with the water supply system, is divided into three volumes. Volume I contains the Status Report, which is divided in five chapters as under:

Chapter I : Background Chapter II : Existing Water Supply Chapter III : Institutional Arrangements Chapter IV : Municipal Fiscal Status Chapter V : Future Proposals and Investment Plans

Volume II includes following eight appendices, which provide detailed background

information, used for preparing the text of the above chapters.

Appendix A : Details of Pipe Network and System Coverage Appendix B : Details of Water Quantity Appendix C : Details of Water Quality Appendix D : Maintenance Practices Appendix E : Staffing Particulars Appendix F : Registers and Forms Appendix G : Municipal Finance Status Appendix H : Demand Assessment and Augmentation Proposals

Volumes III includes the fact sheets on each system component.


Existing Water Supply System


8

II. EXISTING WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM

2.1 Three independent water supply systems have been developed for Sangli, Miraj and

Kupwad. Systems at Sangli and Kupwad were being operated and maintained by the respective municipal councils, while Maharashtra Jeevan Pradhikaran (MJP) operated the system at Miraj. After the formation of the Sangli Miraj Kupwad Municipal Corporation (SMK-MC), all the three systems were transferred to the SMK-MC and are currently being operated by the municipal corporation.

A. Sangli Water Supply1 History 2.2 The water supply system in Sangli town is developed through four stages, as below:

(a) Stage I. The scheme was designed for a population of 100,000 at a supply rate of 35 gallons/head/day (158 LPCD). It was commissioned in the year 1957-58. The treatment plant capacity was 16 MLD.

(b) Stage II. This scheme was commissioned in 1963-64 at an estimated cost of Rs.

1.71 million, and comprised of:

i. Improvement in existing distribution system; ii. New distribution system in Sangliwadi area; and iii. Extension of water supply facility to new developments on Miraj road.

In 1965-66, additional works for the industrial area, at an estimated cost of Rs.

0.81 million, were taken up under this scheme. This comprised of:

i. Feeder mains of 675 mm dia and 300 mm diameter; ii. Sump of 0.91 ML; iii. Pumps of discharge of 162,000 litres/hour and run by 40 HP motors; iv. 300 mm dia pumping main; v. Elevated service reservoir of 0.45 ML capacity near RTO office; and vi. Distribution pipelines.

(c) Stage III. Taken up at an estimated cost of Rs. 1.44 million in year 1967-68, it

provided additional works of extending the system to Vishrambag area and comprised of: i. Clear water pumps in Hirabag water works with discharge of 317,000

litres/hour and run by 70 HP motors; ii. Clear water pumping main of 375 mm diameter; iii. ESR of 0.9 ML capacity in Vishrambag (Jalbhavan ESR); and iv. Distribution system.

1 Layout of the system is shown in Figure 2.1 Details of components appear in Fact Sheets in Volume III.




9

(d) Stage IV. In order to cater to the increasing demand of the town and overcome pollution caused downstream of the confluence of Sheri nalla, a new scheme was prepared and commissioned in 1983 at an estimated cost of Rs. 47.15 million. The first phase of the scheme included construction of new source works to pump raw water to the old Hirabag Water Works. In the second phase a water treatment plant, of 36 MLD capacity, was constructed in the Malbunglow area and a conveyance system, storage and distribution works was developed from this plant.

Raw Water and Treatment 2.3 Abstraction. The city of Sangli sources its water from the Krishna River, drawn from

the river’s left bank. The source has a Kolhapur Type (KT) Weir located about 1 km on the downstream. This weir provides a good storage for steady performance of the water works. This storage is periodically replenished by releases from large irrigation storages of the Koyna and Dhom projects. The yearly allocation of water in Krishna River for Sangli town is 30.74 mcum (84.23 MLD). While the current drawl is substantially lower than the allocated amount, the river is an extremely reliable source of water.

The stored water in KT weir is subjected to pollution by the Sheri nalla, which carries a

substantial quantity of domestic (and some industrial) wastewater. Entry of water in the Intake well takes place through inlets provided at two different levels to enable drawal of water from the inlet close to the surface of water and thus avoid entry of mud and lower layer of water deficient in dissolved oxygen. However, this is not done probably because the intake well is not readily accessible. Since the condition of works is reasonably good, the sizes are adequate and the source of water is largely of unfailing nature, the works can continue to serve the system in future also. Measures are however required to control the pollution. While a project under the National River Action Plan (NRAP) is expected to solve the problem of river pollution, it is yet to be approved by the Government of India.

2.4 Head Works. The head works, consisting of intake well, connecting pipe, jackwell and

pump house, which are largely of sound construction and no major problems are visually apparent. Some minor repairs to plaster, flooring, ladders, railing may have to be carried out with regular maintenance of the same. The intake well is a 4m diameter well embedded in the riverbed. There are twin jack-wells of 9m diameter and a pump-house of 25x10.5m size over the wells. The system design capacity is 46.30 MLD.

2.5 Raw Water Pumping. Raw water is pumped through pumping mains to the Hirabagh

Water Works (600 mm Hume Steel pipe of 2,735 m length) and Malbunglow Water Works (750 mm CI Class A pipe of 2,880 m length). Raw water is pumped at the rate of 818,000 litres/hour and 1500,000 litres/hour, respectively, to the above water treatment plants (WTPs).

(a) Pumping Machinery. The raw water pumps and the electrical installation, though

about 40 years old, are largely in good condition and have ample standby. The pumps are currently performing in conformity with their design capacity. Due to age, the discharge is expected to have reduced this however needs verification through flow meters. The pumps can be depended upon for their continued use in the future.




10

(b) Pumping Main (Hirabag). The pumping main to Hirabag appears to be performing

reasonably well and may continue to serve this water works for another 10-15 years, provided regular maintenance is ensured.

(c) Pumping Main (Malbunglow). The pumping main to Malbunglow appears to be

plagued with serious problem. About 800 m length of this pipeline passes through low-lying areas (along the Sheri nalla) and is reported to be leaking heavily. Repairs in this section are also extremely difficult, due to water logging and difficult access. The rate of pumping to this WTP is 1,500 cum/hour (36 MLD) against which the flow recorder installed at the treatment plant shows a reading of about 1050-1200 cum/hour (ie. 26-28 MLD). While the accuracy and reliability of this recorder remains to be verified, there are clear indications of very heavy leakages in this pipeline. Since the Sheri nalla carries heavy loads of domestic sewage and industrial effluent, the pipeline is subjected to heavy contamination. This poses an extremely serious and hazardous problem.

The pumping main needs urgent replacement in stretches where heavy leakages

take place and which are difficult to repair. A detailed investigation and rehabilitation plan should reduce the extent of damage caused.

2.6 Water Treatment Plants. The Hirabag WTP and Malbunglow WTP treat 19.3 MLD and

36 MLD of water, respectively.

(a) Treatment Plant (Hirabag).

i. Aeration fountain. The basic structure is in a reasonably stable condition. However, the diameter of the fountain and width of cascades appear to be insufficient for the flow it is handling, (compared to the standard of the flow of 0.15-0.45 m2/m3/hour). The unit, thus, can continue to serve its purpose, provided it is loaded to its optimum capacity.

ii. Flash mixer. The basic structure is sound, the equipment is in working

condition and the size appears to be adequate, even though overloaded to some extent. The specifications of the equipment may however have to be checked. The unit appears to be capable of serving its purpose in future.

iii. Flocculators. Basic structure of the two tanks appears to be reasonably

good. The equipment is in good working condition. The size of the tanks may be sufficient even in overloaded condition (Since the detention available is than 60 seconds). The functional efficiency, however, cannot be ascertained for want of measurement (pertaining to flow, chemical dose, turbidity of water and specifications of equipments). However, there may not be any serious problems in its performance. The unit thus appears to be capable of performing to designed function.

iv. Clarifiers. The basic structure of two clarifiers is sound and no serious

problem is reported. The sizes are quite adequate. The specifications of inlet and outlet need to be checked for the desired loading of the clarifiers




11

and suitable changes can be made. The clarifiers appear to be capable of serving in future also. Suitable changes, such as inlet at centre and outlet weir throughout the perimeter of the clarifier to avoid short-circuiting, can be made to handle the design flows.

v. Filters. Civil structure is in reasonably good condition. Filter beds have

developed mud ball formation, indicating that the size is perhaps insufficient. All controls and measuring devices are out of order the operation is purely arbitrary. The filters thus do not appear to be performing well. Hence, the construction details of the structure and specifications of the piping/channels need to be analyzed in detail to determine the optimum capacity of the filters. All controls and meters need to be replaced. For the filters to be used in future for a certain capacity (of about 10 MLD) there may be a need to add filter beds to handle the design flows.

vi. Chemical dosing. The alum solution tanks and dosing pumps are in

working condition. However for want of mixing equipment and measurement of chemical dose, the application is done arbitrarily and the performance cannot be ascertained. The unit can be used in future, only after carrying out necessary repairs and replacement.

vii. Laboratory facilities. No seperate laboratory space is provided. Equipment

is also not available. Whatever little is available is either out of order or not used. Thus laboratory support is not available to the operation of treatment plant, except for the measurement of residual chlorine in the water in the clear water sump. Laboratory facility thus needs to be provided. Its use then should be made compulsory.

viii. Disinfection. The chlorinator is not in use. Chlorine dose is administered by

connecting the cylinder to the solutionizer tower. There is no measurement of the dose. The only way to check the performance is to measure the residual chlorine in the water in the sump. Hence properly designed new equipment needs to be installed to bring this facility in continued use.

Overall performance of Hirabag water treatment plant

(a) Basic units of the plant, except filters, appear to be capable of handling the

design flows. Filters are, however, inadequate and their performance is also not satisfactory;

(b) Chemical dosing and laboratory facility needs to be rehabilitated; and (c) Rehabilitating existing filters, adding new filters and providing an efficient

chemical dosing facility and laboratory support, are required for this plant to handle design flows.




12

(b) Treatment Plant (Malbunglow).

i. Aeration fountain. The basic structure is in a reasonably good condition.

The diameter of 8.6 m (with 5 cascades) provides an area of about 0.039 m2/cum/hour, which is within the prescribed limits of 0.015-0.045 m2/cum/hour. Thus the unit is capable of meeting its intended performance standards. The aeration fountain is in a reasonably sound condition and meets the performance standards. Hence it can continue to perform to its design capacity in the future, for about 30 years.

ii. Flash mixer. The civil structure is in a reasonably good condition. The

mechanical equipment is also in operating condition, subject to good maintenance. The size and the mode of rapid mixing meet the design standards and no serious problem appears to be seen in its performance. For reasons stated above, the unit can continue to perform its intended function.

iii. Clarifloccultors. There are two units of clariflocculators. The basic

structure is in a reasonably good condition. However maintenance appears to be poor and one of the flocculators is out of order. The scraper arrangement is not used regularly and systematically due to which the floc gets deposited. Algae growth is seen on the walls of the clarifier. Since one flocculator is non operational and due to lack of control on the chemical dosing system, the process of flocculation and sedimentation is not proper, due to which some floc gets carried over to the outlet of the clarifier. Though the basic sizes of the units appear to be adequate for the flow of 1500 m3/hour, the performance of this unit is not satisfactory, mainly due to the problem of operation and maintenance. With improved O&M, the units can be made to perform their intended function. A detailed investigation of the problems and measures in the form of repairs, replacement and introduction of good O&M practices is imperative.

iv. Filters. The filter house and filter beds are in a very poor state. The

building work appears to be of very poor quality and will require major repairs. Leaking roof and wash water tank located above the filter house, doors, windows, flooring all will need a substantial repair/replacement work. These filter beds appear to be substantially clogged, with mud ball formation. All the controls and measuring devices (rate of flow controller, flow recorder, loss of head recorder) are damaged. Performance of the filters is extremely unsatisfactory. The flow recorder, on the raw water channel, indicates a flow of 1050-1200 m3/hour (ie. 26 to 28 MLD) against the plant design capacity of 36 MLD. Despite this, some flow from the clarifier is led directly to clear water sump, bypassing the filters. Thus, the filters are not even capable of handling the 26-28 MLD flow. The daily operations of filters (like back washing) appear to be done arbitrarily on the basis of the judgement of the operators. In their present state, the filters are performing below their design capacity and thus are unsuitable for use in future. A detailed study of the filters and major rehabilitation (civil structure, sand beds, controls and operational practices) is required to be




13

undertaken, if they are to be used for a substantial period in future. v. Chemical dosing. While solution tanks have been provided, the equipment

for proper mixing, dosing and measurement of dose of chemicals is missing. The preparation of solution and its dosing is done arbitrarily. The civil structure of the chemical house is also in a very poor state. The present arbitrary method of preparing the solution of coagulant (alum) and its dosing is also unsatisfactory and the purpose of optimum dose is not at all met. While the system needs a complete overhaul, only the civil structure of the tanks can be used. A complete rehabilitation of chemical solution and dosing system is required.

vi. Laboratory. While some equipment exists, but it is not in use and most of it

is not in working condition. The operators are also not trained to use the equipment. The laboratory facility is not in use at all. The laboratory needs to be completely rehabilitated and its use needs to be made mandatory.

vii. Disinfection. The chlorinator is not in working condition. Measurement of

chlorine dose, administered by directly connecting the chlorine cylinder to the solution tower, is not possible. While chlorine dose is being administered, its measurement is not possible. Hence effectiveness cannot be ascertained. The test for residual chlorine in the water in clear water sump (OT test) is done to have an indirect control over the disinfection.

Overall performance of Malbunglow water treatment plant (a) It is being operated well below its design capacity of 36 MLD. Hence the

likely performance of the plant at 36 MLD flow is not known; (b) Filters appear to be a major constraint and need major rehabilitation; (c) Chemical dosing system (including disinfection) and laboratory support is

required to be re-established; and (d) Major repairs in civil work of filter house, chemical house and wash water

tank are necessary. Clear Water Transmission and Distribution2 2.7 Clear Water Pumping. Treated water is stored in clear water sumps of 2 ML and 1.5

ML capacity at Hirabag and Malbunglow, respectively, and is pumped to the master balancing reservoirs in the premises of the two water treatment plants. The pumping is done at the rate of 800,000 litres/hour through a 500 mm diameter hume steel pipeline of 60 m length at Hirabag and 1500,000 litres/hour through a 700 mm cast iron pipeline of 180 m length at Malbunglow.

2.8 The service reservoir in Jalbhavan compound is filled by pumping from the clear water

sump in Hirabag water treatment plant at the rate of 318,600 litres/hour through a 375 mm cast iron pipeline of 2350 m length. Also there are two booster pumping stations in the distribution system, near Zilla Parishad office and in Yashwantnagar service

2 Refer Figure 2.2 for the clear water transmission and distribution system.




14

reservoir compound, respectively. Pumping is done from the sump near Zilla Parishad office to the reservoirs in Vasant nagar through a 225 mm hume steel pipeline of 1100 m length and to the Vishrambag service reservoir through a 300 mm cast iron pipeline of about 2400 m length. Local pumping is also done from the sump in Yashwantnagar to the service reservoir in the same compound at the rate of 266,760 litres/hour through a 300 mm cast iron pipeline.

2.9 The service reservoir near RTO office and the sumps in Yashwantnagar and Zilla

Parishad office premises are filled by gravity mains of cast iron and AC pressure pipes (diameter ranging from 700 to 300 mm).

(a) Clear Water Pumping. Clear water pumps and the electrical installation are in

reasonably good condition and with adequate standby. The equipment appears to be performing to the design capacity. Accurate discharge of pumps can be ascertained through flow meters. The equipment at Malbunglow, Hirabag, Yashwantnagar and Miraj road booster station can continue servicing under current discharge for another 10 years.

(b) Clear Water Transmission Mains. Analysis of the mains indicates no serious

problems so far. However the problems, faced in operation of the system, need to be studied in detail to pinpoint the status of individual mains and the fixtures which cause recurrent problems. The pipelines are largely performing their functions, without any serious constraints. These mains will continue to be useful in future.

2.10 Distribution. The distribution system consists of two MBRs (Master Balancing

Reservoirs), five service reservoirs and about 119 kms of distribution mains3. Each water works has one MBR, of storage capacity of 2.05 ML and 2.20 ML at Hirabag and Malbunglow, respectively. The distribution system consists of CI pipelines (laid from 1957 onwards) and AC, HDPE and GI pipes (laid from 1990 onwards). There are about 350 public standposts distributed across the city with either one or two taps.

(a) Storage Reservoirs. Basic structure of the reservoirs is reasonably good, subject to

minor repairs/replacements. While the structure of the service reservoir in Shivajinagar is in sound condition, not in use since the feeder main cannot fill it4. The reservoirs appear to be performing the functions of balancing/service reservoirs without any serious problem.

(b) Distribution Mains. Cast iron pipelines are old and incrustation is likely to have

taken place. Pipes of other material (AC, HDPE, GI), laid in last 10 years, are leaking heavily and the sizes have been chosen arbitrarily. The pipelines are distributing water to all parts of town, but are leaking and incapable of providing equitable distribution. The pipelines will continue to be used in the system, though in sub-optimal condition. A detailed analysis of the leakage condition of

3 Refer Appendix A 4 Shivajinagar ESR (also known as Kalikhan ESR) was proposed to be filled by a branch on the gravity main from

the Malbunglow MBR. However, this gravity main also feeds the sump at the Yashwantnagar reservoir site, sump near Zilla Parishad and is also directly connected to the distribution system. Due to drop in hydraulic levels, this reservoir cannot be filled, unless a dedicated feeder main is provided.




15

pipe surface and hydraulic capacity is required. 2.11 Overall Sustainability of Sangli Water Supply System. The fact that the existing water

supply system in Sangli town has continued to perform its role in last 45 years, without serious breakdown in the system and a reasonably good water supply service to the consumers has been possible shows that the system is, by and large, a dependable system and the strong points can be as listed below.

(a) A good, dependable and unfailing source of water supply. (b) Raw water quality largely amenable to the conventional treatment process. (c) A robust system, despite the problems like leakage, however subjects to poor

operation of filters and overall neglect in the operation and maintenance. (d) The topography of town, which is largely plain, helping a reasonably equitable

supply of available water in different parts of the town. However, the sustainability of the system will face increasing threats in the future if:

(a) Threat of pollution resulting from Sheri nalla is not eliminated, (b) Rising main to Malbunglow water works is not rehabilitated urgently, (c) Treatment plants are operated without any controls and substandard filtration

system is not corrected, (d) Optimum use of service reservoirs is not done (example, Shivajinagar ESR), (e) Leakages in distribution system are not controlled. (f) Other improvements in O&M are not undertaken.

Service Coverage 2.12 Coverage of Area. From the available maps and reconnaissance surveys of the various

wards, it is seen that all the habitations in 39 wards are being served by water supply distribution network, through 23,160 house connections and 350 public standposts. Out of 53.97 sq km about 27.65 sq km area (51.24 %) is covered by piped water supply.

2.13 Coverage of Population. The pipe network extends to all the areas, which have been

inhabited. Thus all the estimated present population of 258,133 has an access to the piped water supply, either through house connections or through public standposts.

Performance and quality of service

2.14 Zoning5. The water supply in Sangli town is intermittent and water is supplied twice a

day. There are seven principal zones, controlled by the reservoirs in Hirabag, Malbunglow, Jalbhavan, Vasantnagar, Visharmbag, Yashwantnagar and Industrial Estate. Some of the zone are interconnected and do not have well defined boundaries.

2.15 Method of Supply. Water supply to the consumers is generally in two shifts. Supply

starts at 4 am in the morning, after the reservoirs are full. It is regulated in each zone (and subzones) by operating the control valves. The reservoirs get emptied within two hours and, later on, the pumped water continues to feed the supply network. In the

5 Refer Appendix A and Figure 2.2 for zones of water supply.




16

afternoon shift, supply is regulated by only partially opening the valves. In non-supply hours, the outlets of the reservoirs are kept partially open to keep the trunk mains charged.

2.16 Per Capita Supply. Total supply given to the consumers through house connections was

8,190,7996 cum (8190.802 ML) in the year 2000-2001. The average supply thus works out to 22.44 MLD. Supply trough 350 public standposts is also estimated to be about 1.60 MLD7. The supply is indicated below.

Table 2.1: Average Rate of Water Supply in Sangli

Mode of Supply Present Population Bulk Supply Per Capita Supply

(MLD) (LPCD) House connections 205,633 22.44 109.14 Public Standposts 52,500 1.59 30.40 Total 258,133 24.03 93.12

2.17 Duration of Supply and Residual pressures8. The average duration of supply is 4 hours,

in two shifts of 2 hours each. While residents in five wards reportedly get water with good pressure (more than 12 meters), in other areas, pressures are in medium to low range4 (3-4 m to 12 m.)

2.18 Quality of Water9: The water works department measures the turbidity of river water

settled water and filtered water daily. Chemical quality of water is also periodically measured, at an average interval of 3 months. About 6 samples from the taps of the consumer are collected daily and sent to the District Public Health Laboratory for the bacteriological analysis. Residual chlorine in their samples is also measured. Review of the results of quality monitoring done in year 2000-2001 shows the following. (a) Turbidity in river water varied between 20 and 500 ppm; (b) Chemical quality of river water was also largely acceptable except that in some

samples total solids and hardness were more than the acceptable limits (but lower than the limits specified as the cause for rejection); and

(c) Only 3 out of 1963 samples (ie. 0.15 %) from the consumer taps were found to be contaminated and bacteriologically unsafe. The residual chlorine in these samples varied from 0.2 to 2 mg/l.

6 Refer Appendix B 7 Refer Appendix B 8 Refer Appendix C 9 Refer Appendix C.




17

B. Miraj Water Supply10 History 2.19 The water supply system in Miraj town is developed through four stages. The oldest

scheme comprised of a series of wells in a local nalla to the north and infiltration gallery in the beds of Malgaon and Mallewadi nalla. With increase in demand, new infiltration works were constructed in the bed of Krishna river. Water was pumped to the steel service reservoir of 300,000 gallons (1.35 ML) capacity and distributed through a network of 3" to 18" (80 to 450 mm) diameter CI pipelines for a length of 34 km. This scheme was commissioned in May 1950. In 1963, the infiltration gallery was abandoned, as it got clogged and the source works were converted into surface intake works. A new water treatment plant of 9.6 MLD capacity was introduced. In 1982, another 9.6 MLD augmented this scheme by installing new pumps, a pumping main, additional water treatment plant and two service reservoirs. The total installed capacity of the present system is 17.60 MLD (in 22 hours).

Raw Water and Treatment 2.20 Abstraction. Miraj town is supplied by water from the Krishna River, drawn from the

left bank of the river near Krishnaghat gaothan. The storage in the riverbed is built up by a weir located near village Mhaisal on the downstream and is replenished periodically from big irrigation storages of Koyana project and Dhom project. The yearly allocation of water in Krishna River for Miraj town is 12.33 mcum (33.78 MLD). This is more than the present estimated drawl. Thus this is a very reliable source of water. Raw water is drawn through intake well with inlets provided at five different levels, to enable drawl of fresh water from the inlet close to the surface of water. This is, however, not done, probably because the intake well is not readily accessible. Since the condition of works is reasonably good, the sizes are adequate and the source of water is largely of unfailing nature, the works can continue to serve the system in future also.

2.21 Head Works. The head works consisting of an intake well, connecting pipe, inspection

well, 6.2 m. dia circular jack well and 9 X 9 m size rectangular pumphouse. The works appear to be largely of sound construction, except that some minor repairs may be required. Detail inspection will be required to list out the repairs, which may have to be undertaken. The civil works appear to be capable of meeting the requirements of the existing scheme and can continue to function in future also. Some repairs to inspection wells and pumphouse will be necessary.

2.22 Raw Water Pumping. Raw water is pumped to the water treatment plant located near

the Panchayat Samiti office at the rate of 800,000 litres/hour through two pumping mains (old 450 mm hume steel main and 500 mm prestressed concrete main, laid in 1982).

10 Layout of the system is shown in Figures 2.3. Details of components appear in Fact Sheets in Volume III.




18

(a) Pumping Machinery. The four pumpsets (with the electrical installation and other

accessories) are largely of sound design and construction and do not require any major repairs. The actual discharge of the pumps cannot be measured. Otherwise, the pumping machinery and electrical installation appear to be performing satisfactorily. While one out of the two 250 HP sets is capable of handling a flow of about 800,000 litres/hour, which is the installed capacity of the plant, there are two more sets of 125 HP and one set of 100 HP which provide additional capacity. Subject to the adequacy of pumping main and onward works, the raw water pumping station is even capable of producing additional quantity of water. Thus the installation can be depended upon for serving its function for some more years in future. Repairs of some units like soft start starter of 100 HP pump set, replacement of pressure gauges and electric meters will be required.

(b) Pumping Main. The old 450 mm dia hume steel pipe line, laid in 1950, is not in

good condition and heavy leakage is reported. The 500 mm PSC main, laid later in 1982, is in a relatively better condition and no major problems are reported. These two pipelines together are delivering the pumped quantity of water to the water treatment plant. The exact flow and the quantity of leakage is, however, not known for want of flow measuring equipment. The old pipeline will require replacement in the portions, which are reportedly leaking heavily. The more recent PSC pipeline appears to be adequate for its continued use in future. The exact discharge, which can safely pass through these pipelines, needs to be decided after detailed investigation of the problems and specifications of the pipelines.

2.23 Water Treatment Plant. The water treatment plant has two streams, with total capacity

of 800,000 litres/hour (or 19.20 MLD). (a) Aeration fountains and channels. The two aeration fountains are basically of

sound construction. There is no flow measuring device, due to which the flow handled by this unit is not known. However, the size appears to be sufficient for the design flow. The units are capable of performing their function in future, if flow measurement facility is introduced.

(b) Flash mixers. The civil structure of both flash mixers is in a reasonably good

condition. Mixer of the more recent flash mixer (installed in year 1982) is under repair now and not functioning. With the reinstatement of the mechanical mixer in new unit, which is expected to be done shortly, the flash mixers are capable of performing as per design and can serve the plant for about 30 years in future.

(c) Flocculators. There are four tanks (2 in earlier scheme in 1963 and 2 constructed

in 1982). Civil structures are reasonably good. The flocculating machinery in newer tanks is under repairs. Hence the intended function is not being performed. This in turn affects the performance of clarifiers. The units are however capable of serving their design function, provided the equipment is repaired/replaced.

(d) Clarifiers. There are two clarifiers, structures of which are in good condition.

Normally, the structure is design with an inlet at the centre and outlet along the




19

perimeter of the tank to ensure proper distribution of the flow and avoid short-circuiting. In these tanks, however, inlet is provided on one side and outlet is provided in the form of weir for half the perimeter on the opposite side of the tank. This arrangement is likely to cause cross currents and eventual carry over of the floc to the outlet weir. If the clarifiers are not overloaded, they function reasonably well, subject to the problem of some floc getting carried over to the outlet. The surface loading on the two tanks together is about 25 m3/m2/day and is quite within the limits. It needs to be studied whether some changes in inlet and outlet are possible to avoid short-circuiting and heavy weir loading. If it is possible to provide inlet at the centre and outlet weir through the entire perimeter of the clarifier, the clarifiers may even be capable of being overloaded to some extent. The clarifiers thus not only can serve their design function in future, but also may be overloaded with improved inlet and outlet designs.

(e) Filters. Civil structure of filter beds and filter house appears to be quite sound.

Filters appear to be operating reasonably well, but all the controls and meters are damaged resulting in operating the filters in an arbitrary manner. Hence, though they appear to perform their function, the efficiency at which they must be operating cannot be measured for want of controls and meters. The operations are done arbitrarily. Rated capacity of old filters is shown to be 12.74 MLD, while that of more recent beds is 9.6 MLD. If these figures are to be believed, these filters are designed to treat about 22 MLD (in 24 hours). With the replacement of the flow controls and loss of head gauges, the filters can be operated to their optimum capacity and used for many more years.

(f) Chemical dosing facility. The solution tanks have been provided and in

reasonably good condition. However, there is no mechanical mixing, constant head dosing and measuring facility. The doses are measured indirectly on the basis of measurement of solution consumed in a particular time interval. Due to lack of mixing and measuring arrangement for preparing and dosing the chemical solution, the performance is not likely to be satisfactory. If these tanks are to be used in the future, arrangement to prepare the solution by providing a mechanical mixer and to administer controlled and measured dose is essential.

(g) Laboratory. While seperate space is provided for the laboratory, most of the

essential equipment is not available. Laboratory support is thus almost entirely missing, due to which monitoring of the performance of different treatment units is not possible. Hence a complete new set of laboratory equipment needs to be provided and operators need to be trained.

(h) Chlorination. While a chlorinator is installed, measurement of dose is not possible

Dose is adjusted arbitrarily and cannot be measured. Only indirect indication is the test of residual chlorine in the treated water in sump. It is necessary to inspect the chlorinator and replace the essential chlorinator parts to make it fully operational, so that it can be used in future.




20

Clear Water Transmission and Distribution11 2.24 Clear Water Pumping. Treated water is stored in an underground clear water sump of

1.36 ML capacity and is pumped to the three service reservoirs. Pumping is done at the rate of 532,800 litres/hour to the two reservoirs (of 1.5 ML and 2 ML capacity located in the premises of the water works office, opposite the Panchayat Samiti) through a 450 mm hume steel pipeline and at the rate of 268,000 litres/hour to the 1 ML service reservoir on Nimajga Mal (behind Medical College) through a 400 mm CI pipeline.

(a) Clear Water Sump. The structure is sound, except for some damages to the roof

dome. It is in full use as a balancing storage and can be used in any future arrangement.

(b) Clear Water Pumps. Four centrifugal pumps and one vertical turbine pump are all

in good condition. Some electric meters and pressure gauges need to be replaced. The clear water pumps appear to be performing well, with no serious problem and can continue to operate in future. There is ample standby and hence extra capacity.

(c) Clear water pumping mains. There are reportedly no serious problems in both CI

and HS mains and both the mains appear to carry the design discharge without any problem. Visual inspections indicate that the mains can be used in future arrangements also. A closer study of the problem spots can help in strengthening the mains for their use in future.

2.25 Distribution. The distribution system consists of three service reservoirs (1.5 and 2.0

ML reservoirs in the office premises, opposite Panchayat Samiti and 1 ML reservoir on Nimajga Mal behind Medical College) and the distribution network of CI, AC, PVC, HDPE and GI pipes for a length of 107 kms12. There are about 200 public standposts distributed across the town with either one or two taps.

(a) Service Reservoirs. The basic structure of all the three service reservoirs appears

to be good. Some minor repairs and appurtenances such as water level indicators, lightning conductors are required. The reservoirs are presently in continuous use and can be conveniently used in future also.

(b) Distribution Mains. Cast iron pipelines are old and incrustation is likely to have

taken place. Pipes of other material (AC, HDPE, PVC, GI), laid in the last 20 years, are leaking heavily and the sizes are chosen arbitrarily. While the pipelines are performing the function of distributing water to all parts of town, they are leaking and incapable of providing equitable distribution. While they will continue to be used in the system, their hydraulic capacity will not be sufficient for distributing the water in equitable manner and with good pressure.

11 Refer Figure 2.4. 12 Refer Appendix B.




21

2.26 Overall Sustainability of Miraj Water Supply System. The water supply system in

Miraj is quite robust and has the capacity to serve in future, as

(a) The source of water is dependable and unfailing and can be depended upon in future also when the demand will increase.

(b) The town is compact and located on plain lands, due to which the distribution of water has become easy.

(c) The pumping equipment is performing well and has ample standby. However the sustainability and quality of the system is subject to

(a) Repairing, replacement of the heavily leaking portions of pumping mains. (b) Substantial improvements in the water treatment such as introducing the

measuring and control equipment, rehabilitation of filters, providing laboratory support and its compulsory use.

(c) Repairs/replacement of heavily leaking pipes (especially AC, HDPE pipes). Service Coverage 2.27 Coverage of Area. About 32.64 % of area of Miraj town (14.36 sq km out of 43.98 sq

km) is covered by pipe network, which consists of about 107 km pipelines of various materials.

2.28 Coverage of Population. Almost 98.80 % of the 149,974 population have access to

piped water supply, through 11,742 house connections and 200 public standposts. Only a few isolated habitations do not have access to piped water supply,

Performance and Quality of the Service 2.29 Zoning13. There are two principal zones (one controlled by two service reservoirs, of 1.5

ML and 2 ML capacity, located in the compound of the water works department and the other controlled by the 1 ML service reservoir at Nimajga Mal). The supply is intermittent and in two shifts.

2.30 Method of Supply. The morning shift starts at 6 am after the reservoirs are full and

extends upto 8 am. The evening supply is between 6 pm and 8 pm. The area under Nimajga Mal service reservoir gets its evening supply from 6 pm to 8 pm and morning supply from 8 am to 9 am, after which the supply to Kripamayee area and developments on Sangli road continues upto 3 pm. The outlets of the service reservoirs are partially open even in non supply hours to keep the trunk mains full. Some areas continue to get water, at low pressure, during this period.

2.31 Per Capita Supply. Total supply to the consumers is estimated to be 10 MLD14 through

house connections and 1.292 MLD15 through 200 standposts. The per capita supply thus

13 Refer Appendix A. 14 Refer Appendix B. 15 Refer Appendix B.




22

works out as under Table 2.2: Average Rate of Water Supply in Miraj

Mode of Supply Present Population Bulk Supply Per Capita Supply (MLD) (LPCD)

House connections 118,874 10.00 83.36 Public Standposts 30,000 1.29 43.08 Total 148,174 11.29 79.30

2.32 Duration of Supply and Residual Pressures16. The reconnaissance survey shows that

the duration varies from 2 hours (in ward 8) to as high as 14 hours (in ward 27). The residual pressures in the distribution system appear to vary generally between 4 and 12 meters.

2.33 Quality of Water17. The turbidity of river water, settled water and filtered water is

measured and recorded by the water works staff daily. River water samples are also chemically analyzed periodically (at on average interval of 3 months). The tests for residual chlorine and bacteriological quality are taken in 3 to 4 samples daily. The results of analysis in year 2000-2001 showed the following features. (a) Turbidity in river water varied between 50 and 100 ppm. (b) Chemical quality was largely acceptable, except that the total solids and hardness

exceeded the acceptable limits in some samples. (c) The bacteriological analysis of 1,123 samples from consumer taps shows that the

water supplied to consumers was safe and had reasonable level of residual chlorine (0.6 to 2 mg/l).

C. Kupwad Water Supply History 2.34 Kupwad does not have its own water supply facility and is dependent on the water

supply scheme of Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation (MIDC). A total supply of about 1.2 MLD is available through three bulk meter connections and is supplemented by local private wells, which supply about 0.5 MLD. While a 0.45 ML capacity service reservoir has been constructed in the Kupwad gaothan, it is not in use, as it cannot to be filled on account of low pressure in MIDC main. Recently, SMK-MC has constructed a ground sump and pump house near this reservoir to solve this problem. Presently, however, the supply from MIDC connections is directly distributed through the distribution network, consisting of AC, PVC and HDPE pipelines through 1,765 house service connections.

16 Refer Appendix C. 17 Refer Appendix C




23

Distribution

(a) Service Reservoir. While the structure is sound and usable, it is presently bypassed and not in use. The municipal corporation has recently undertaken the work of a sump and pumphouse with a purpose to fill this reservoir and bring it in use. The reservoir can be suitably integrated in the scheme, which may be planned for Kupwad.

(b) Distribution Mains. They consist of AC, PVC and HDPE pipes for a length of

11.50 kms.18, which tend to develop frequent leakage. While they are able to distribute the limited quantity of water presently available from MIDC supply, they may not be adequate to handle larger quantities and higher pressures in future, as and when a new facility is created.

Service Coverage19 2.35 Coverage of Area. The pipeline network in Kupwad consists of AC, HDPE, PVC and

GI pipelines with diameters ranging from 250 mm to 63 mm. It covers about 11 km. roads and approximately 43 % of the area (8.77 sq km out of 20.33 sq km).

2.36 Coverage of Population. Only 69 % population (29265 out of 42297) have some access

to piped water supply through 1,769 house connections and about 46 standposts. Remaining households depend on private wells.

Performance and Quality of the Service 2.37 Mode of Supply. The supply from the MIDC main is distributed directly to the

consumers for a period of 1 to 3 hours per day. 2.38 Per Capita Supply. The total supply through 1,765 house connections is about 1.16

MLD20, estimated at 51.89 LPCD to a population of 22,365 persons. Another 6,900 people receive some supply from 46 public standposts. The quantity, however, could not be estimated.

2.39 Pressures. The pressures in the distribution network are mostly low (less than 7 m),

except in a few low-level areas, which get the supply at a reasonably good pressure. 2.40 Quality of Water. In year 2000-2001, 67 samples from consumer taps were analyzed for

bacteriological quality. One sample (ie. 1.49 %) showed contamination. Other samples showed that the water distributed through piped water supply system was safe. Residual chlorine was reported to be between 0.5 and 2 mg/l.

18 Refer Appendix A. 19 Refer Appendix A. 20 Refer Appendix B.




24

D. System Operation and Maintenance Schedule of Operation and Maintenance 2.41 Documents and Manuals. The water supply systems are quite old and as built

drawings, plans and the O&M manuals of the installations are not available. Some maps of the distribution system are available, but do not show all the lines and are not updated. The local body lays some pipelines every year, but they are not shown on the maps. The individual know-how of the operating staff (fitters and maistries) is the most valuable piece of information. Since the developments in the facility have been done only in few known stages, this know-how appears to be serving the purpose in the O&M of the system.

2.42 Schedule of Daily Operations. A formal detailed scheme and schedule of unit

operations is not prepared and documented. The daily operations of each component of the water supply schemes are largely planned on the experience of the operating staff. The alterations required to be done in operations due to changes in the raw water quality, interruptions in power, breakdowns, etc. are also done on the basis of individual experience of the operators.

2.43 Schedule of Inspection and Maintenance of the Installations. Like the schedule of

operation, periodical maintenance (i.e. preventive maintenance) and inspection is also required to be prepared and should be available with the operating staff and supervisory staff; however, such schedules are not available. The preventive maintenance, being done, also depends on the experience and initiative of the operating staff.

2.44 Maintenance Practices.21 The operating staff attends to routine preventive maintenance

of electrical and mechanical equipment such as pumps, valves, piping, motor, starters, transformers, oil circuit breakers, panel boards, meters, capacitors, cables, etc. of the pumping stations. Maintenance of flow recorders, flash mixers, flocculators, clarifiers, piping, valves, dosing equipment, etc. of treatment plants is also taken up by the staff. The maintenance of civil works such as painting and minor repairs is attended to as and when required. A regular system of monitoring the quality of raw water and water supplied to the consumers is also followed. However, the measurement of flows, checking the discharges of pumps and pipelines and the sanitary survey of sources of water is not done regularly.

Maintenance Facility 2.45 Routine Maintenance and Small Repairs. Repairs such as routine checking of electrical

and mechanical plant and equipment, cleaning, connections, changing contacts, change of oil in transformers, etc. are done by the SMK-MC staff. A register is maintained to record these repairs. The spares required for the repairs are drawn from stores or are locally purchased.

21 Refer Appendix D.




25

2.46 Special Repairs. Special repairs like motor winding and repairs to pump shafts,

bearings, impellers, sleeves are done through local workshops. These repairs are regularly recorded in the history sheets or repair registers, separately for each installation. Seperate pages are allotted to each mechanical and electrical component and the special repairs carried out are recorded to show:

(a) Date of repairs; (b) Description of repairs; (c) Agency through which repairs are carried out; and (d) Amount spent.

E. Key Issues 2.47 Sangli Water Supply. Following areas need a closer study and possible improvements

(a) Source of water is adequate but subjected to pollution by Sheri nalla. (b) Discharge of raw water pumps may have gone down and will need verification

through flow measurement. (c) Heavy leakages are reported in the pumping main to Malbunglow water treatment

plant, especially in a portion of 800 m through the Sheri nalla area. (d) Filters, chemical dosing system, laboratory facilities and chlorine require

revamping, controls and meters need to be replaced and possibly additional filter beds may be required.

(e) Filters in Malbunglow Water Treatment Plant are in a very bad shape. Civil works require repairs, filter beds, controls and meters require to be rehabilitated.

(f) Chemical house and wash water tank in Malbunglow require major repairs. Solution and dosing systems need a complete overhaul, laboratory needs to be rehabilitated and chlorinator needs to be replaced.

(g) Clear water pumping and transmission are in reasonably good condition. However, there is no arrangement to measure the discharge.

(h) One service reservoir (in Shivajinagar-Kalikhan) is not in use, as it cannot be filled by the present gravity main. A dedicated feeder main is required.

(i) Pipelines are of different material, laid at different times and are reportedly leaking.

2.48 Miraj Water Supply. The key issues, requiring attention are

(a) Structures of head works are in reasonably good condition and are useful, with

some minor repairs. (b) Raw water pumps are operating well, but the discharge cannot be measured and

may have gone down. (c) Hume steel rising main, conveying raw water to the water treatment plant, is

leaking badly and some portions are required to be replaced. Other PSC main is in good condition.

(d) Filters in the treatment plant require controls and meters. (e) Chemical solution and dosing equipment and laboratory facility require to be

rehabilitated. (f) Chlorinator needs some repairs to function efficiently.




26

(g) Clear water pumping and conveyance appear to perform satisfactorily. However, the discharge cannot be measured.

(h) Distribution networks consists of different pipe materials and developed at different times in last 50 years. Leakage is reported.

2.49 Kupwad Water Supply. Kupwad area does not have its own water supply system. It

receives water from MIDC. (a) The reservoir in Kupwad gaothan is not being used and the advantage of the

balancing storage in the distribution system is lost. (b) Distribution system of AC, PVC and HDPE pipes is reportedly leaking and may

not be adequate to handle larger quantity.

2.50 Coverage. About 51.24% of the area and almost 100% population have been covered by the piped water supply facility in Sangli. Similarly, 32.64% of area and 98.80% population in Miraj have access to the piped water supply facility. However 43% of area and only 69% of population in Kupwad are served by piped water supply system.

2.51 Service Level and Quality. While average supply of water to the consumers is

reasonably good in Sangli and Miraj, it is much lower in Kupwad and also at low pressures.

2.52 System Operation and Maintenance. The operation and maintenance mainly suffers

from the following (a) There are no updated drawings, plans and manuals of the existing system. (b) No formal schedule is prepared for operation, inspection and maintenance, though

some preventive maintenance practice is followed.


Institutional Arrangements


27

III. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS

3.1 This chapter presents the review and observations on the organisational and procedural

aspects of Sangli and Miraj Water Works. The review is presented in two sections viz. (a) Organisation Structure and (b) Systems, Procedures and Records.

A. Organisation of The Corporation Background 3.2 The Municipal Corporation of Sangli, Miraj and Kupwad came into existence according

to the provisions of the Government of Maharashtra Resolution No. GEN.1956/258/CR-154/96/UD-24 dated February 9, 1998. The Corporation was formed by merging the local urban areas of Sangli, Miraj and Kupwad, which were then under the administration of individual Municipal Councils.

3.3 Immediately after formation, the administration of SMK-MC came under the control of

the Administrator. On July 27, 1998, first elections of the Corporation were held to elect local representatives. The Ward Committees (Prabhag Samiti) were formed under the resolution No 41 of SMK-MC dated October 9, 1998 by the elected representatives. The Bombay Provincial Municipal Corporation Act, 1949 (The Act), is now applicable to SMK-MC.

Existing Organisation Structure of SMK-MC 3.4 The functioning of SMK-MC is controlled by the two main wings. The first wing

consists of the General Body and the Committees like Standing Committee, Ward Committees (Prabhag Samiti) and other (Subject) Committees represented by the elected members. These are mainly responsible for formulating the policies and other administrative matters that are referred to them according to the provisions of the Act. The second wing is the administrative wing, which is headed by the Municipal Commissioner. The Commissioner controls and supervises the working of various departments and implements the policies formulated by the elected representatives.

3.5 Functional Committees. As per the provisions of the Act, the following Committees

function in SMK-MC.

(a) Standing Committee. The Standing Committee of SMK-MC has sixteen members including the Chairman, who is appointed by the Corporators. One half of the members of the Standing Committee retire every succeeding year and new members are appointed out of the elected representatives. The members of the Standing Committee appoint one member as the Chairman who holds the office for a period of one year.

(b) Ward Committees. There are four Ward Committees in SMK-MC as mentioned

below. These four Ward Committees represent 68 Wards of SMK-MC.




28

a. Ward Committee 1 … Sangli b. Ward Committee 2 … Sangli c. Ward Committee 3 … Kupwad c. Ward Committee 4 … Miraj

Members of these Ward Committees are appointed from the areas (Wards) falling

under the jurisdiction of each Ward Committee. These members, in turn, appoint the Chairperson of the Ward Committee. On the administrative side, each Ward Committee has one Ward Officer. In SMK-MC, Ward Officers of Ward Committees 1 and 2 report to the Assistant Commissioner (Sangli), whereas those of the wards 3 and 4 report to the Assistant Commissioner (Miraj).

The Ward Committees are important components of the administrative set up

because they are the main and direct link between the citizens and the Municipal administration. This is evident from the nature of the following main functions assigned to the Ward Committee by the Act.

i. The speedy redressal of common grievances of citizens, connected with

local and essential municipal services like water supply, drainage, sanitation and storm water disposal.

ii. To consider and make recommendations on the proposals regarding

estimates of expenditure pertaining to the wards under different heads of account of the budget before being forwarded to the Commissioner.

iii. To grant administrative approval and financial sanction to the plans for

municipal works to be carried out within the territorial area of the Ward Committee and costing upto Rs. 0.5 million, provided that specific provision for these works exists in the budget sanctioned by the Corporation.

The General Body of the Corporation can delegate additional functions to the

Ward Committees. In addition to the budgetary provisions, the Ward Committees can sanction expenditure out of the budget of Rs. 0.4 million allocated to each corporator.

(c) Other Committees. SMK-MC has following other (subject) Committees.

i. City Improvement and Law Committee ii. Women and Child Welfare Committee iii. Backward Class Committee

3.6 Administrative set up. The Municipal Commissioner is appointed by the State

Government. The tenure of his office is for three years, which can be extended for a further period of three years. He functions according to the powers assigned by the Act. The organisation chart of SMK-MC is presented in Figure 3.1.




29

Figure 3.1: Organisation chart of SMK-MC

LibrarianMunicipalEngineer

ExecutiveEngineer

(Public Works)

Water WorksEngineer(Sangli)

Water WorksEngineer(Miraj)

ExecutiveEngineer

(Water Supply)

InternalAuditor(Miraj)

InternalAuditor(Sangli)

Chief Auditor

HealthOfficer

Medical Officer

Medical and HealthOfficer

Ward Officer(No.1)

Ward Officer(No.2)

AssistantCommissioner

(Sangli)

AdministrativeOfficers

(Gen / Est.)(Sangli / Miraj)

Assessor &Collector of Taxes

OctroiSuperintendent

ChiefAccountant

WardOfficer(No.3)

WardOfficer(No.4)

AssistantCommissioner

(Miraj)

Admn.OfficersPrimary Education

(Sangli & Miraj)

Head MistressesBal Mandir - SangliMiraj High School

Town Planner(Sangli and

Miraj)

DeputyCommissioner

Municipal Commissioner



Task Consultants & Indo-US FIRE Proje

fire_smk (WSS)/ 31-Jan-02

3.7 As can be seen in the organisation chart, following officers directly report to the

Municipal Commissioner.

(a) Deputy Municipal Commissioner (b) Executive Engineer (Public Works) (c) Executive Engineer (Water Supply) (d) Chief Auditor (e) Medical and Health Officer

Other departmental / sectional heads report to the Municipal Commissioner through

these officers as shown in the organisation chart. B. Organization of Water Supply Department 3.8 Before formation of SMK-MC, the respective Municipal Councils managed water

supply and drainage operations of Sangli and Miraj towns. Sangli Municipal Council had an independent Water Works Department and Drainage Department. In Miraj, however, Maharashtra Jeevan Pradhikaran (MJP) (a Government of Maharashtra undertaking) managed water supply operations, and the Drainage Department of the Municipal Council looked after sewerage system.

3.9 After formation of SMK-MC, these four independent units were brought under the

administrative control of the Executive Engineer (Water Supply). The sub-division of MJP, which was looking after the operations of Miraj Water Works, was merged with SMK-MC with effect from August 1, 1998 along with the staff working therein. Operation of Kupwad water supply is under the control of Water Works Engineer (Sangli). With these changes, the Organisation structure of SMK-MC is now as shown in the Figure 3.2.

Figure 3.2: Existing Organisation Set-up of Water Supply and Drainage Services of SMK-

MC

Executive Engineer (Water Supply)

Water Works Engineer (Sangli)
Drainage Engineer (Sangli)
ct

DrainageEngineer (Miraj)

Water Works Engineer (Miraj)

30




31

Organisation Structure 3.10 Operations of Sangli and Kupwad water supply are controlled and supervised by Water

Works Engineer (Sangli) from his office located in the Hirabag Water Works complex. Office of the Water Works Engineer (Miraj) is located near Miraj Water Works.

3.11 Even though the Water Supply and Drainage Departments of Sangli and Miraj are

functioning under the control of an Executive Engineer, they still have retained their original forms/structures. Both the Water Works have independent sections /departments2 to take care of all functions like granting and installing new connections, meter reading, billing and recovery, meter repairing facilities, pumping stations and filter operations etc.

3.12 Sangli Water Works. The major activities carried by these sections are listed in the

following Table. Table 3.1: Sections and activities of Sangli Water Works

Section / Sectional Head Major activities performed by the Section 1. Meter Reading Section (Assistant Accountant - additional charge)

(a) Visit sites for meter reading (b) Record meter readings in the Demand Registers (c) Feed data to computer agency for processing

the bills (d) Check and sign the bills (e) Deliver the bills to consumers

2. Bill Collection Section (Assistant Accountant)

(a) Operate collection window for collecting payments against water supply bills and other miscellaneous charges

(b) Maintain scrolls of the receipts and reconcile the daily collection

(c) Prepare challans of the amounts collected in Collection Section and also amount collected by the Bank

(d) Deposit cash in the HO (e) Hand over counterfoils of the challans to

Computer agency for data entry of collection

3. Filter Section (Chemist)

(a) Operate the filters (b) Monitor chemical dosing (c) Test the quality of raw and treated water. (d) Correspondence with Government/other

departments (e) Carry out maintenance work of filters Supervise work of Gardeners (additional charge)

2 Refer Figures 3.3 and 3.4 for organisation charts of Sangli Water Works and Miraj Water Works.




32

Table 3.1: Sections and activities of Sangli Water Works (Contd.) Section / Sectional Head Major activities performed by the Section 4. Pumping Section (Acting Foreman)

(a) Operate pumping stations (b) Maintain log books of pumps and other records (c) Prepare duty list and daily morning reports (d) Carry out routine and break-down maintenance

activities

5. Pipe Inspection Section (Senior Pipe Inspector)

(a) Receive and check the applications for new water supply connections

(b) Visit sites and prepare site maps for working out cost estimates

(c) Install connections after receiving deposit receipts, NOC, meter testing reports and other compliance

(d) Send details of new connection to Meter Reading Section for entry in Demand Register

(e) On advice from Meter Reading Section, undertake work of disconnection / reconnection

(f) Record and attend to the complaints received from consumers

(g) Maintain and update records of connections

6. Stores (Storekeeper - Vacant)

(a) Receive demands from different sections for material and arrange for the procurement

(b) Receive cost estimates from Water Works Engineer

(c) Receive quotations from vendors and prepare comparative statements

(d) Receive material in store or at site (e) Keep records of purchase of material

7. Meter Repairing Section (Head Meter Repairer)

(a) Test the meters for new connection and issue test certificate

(b) Repair faulty meters and test the same before installation

8. Civil Engineering Section (Sectional Engineer)

This section is recently created and no specific line function is assigned to this section




33

Figure 3.3: Organisation chart of Sangli water works

CIVIL SECTIONSectional Engineer

(SY Belwalkar)

Meter SupervisorMeter ReadersSenior Clerks

Peons / Khalashis

METER READING SECTIONOffice Superintendent

(Vacant)

ClerksPeon

BILL COLLECTION SECTIONAssistant Accountant(Ramesh Waghmare)

Filter OperatorsFilter Attendants

Gardners

FILTER SECTIONChemist

(PS Joshi)

Pump OperatorsOilmenFitters

Labourers

PUMPING SECTIONForeman (Vacant)

(DB Kamble - Addl. Charge)

Pipe InspectorsFitters

Labourers

PIPE INSPECTION SECTIONSenior Pipe Inspector

(MB Jamadar)

Chemical ClerkLabourers

STORESHead Store Keeper

(Vacant)

Meter RepairersLabourer

METER REPAIRING SECTIONHead Meter Repairer

(Mr. Deokule)

Water Works Engineer(TB Wadkar)

Executive Engineer(SS Joshi)




34

3.13 Miraj water works. Water Works Engineer (Miraj) is in-charge of this water works.

Two Sectional Engineers who look after civil and mechanical works respectively assist him. Sectional Engineer (Civil) supervises the working of Meter Rate Section, City Section and Meter Repairs Section. The Sectional Engineer (Mechanical) is responsible for the operations of the Head Works Section, Filter Section and Pure Water Pumping Section. The sections of Miraj Water Works and their respective functions are listed below.

Table 3.2: Sections and activities of Miraj Water Works

Section / Sectional Head Major activities performed by the Section (a) Sections reportable to Sectional Engineer (Civil). 1. Water Rate Section (Water Rate

Superintendent)

(a) Supervise the work of Meter Readers and Ledger Clerks

(b) Monitor collection of water tax (c) Ensure timely delivery of bills to the consumers (d) Monitor the recovery of water tax and issue

notices to consumers having arrears of water tax (e) Maintain registers of new connections (f) Participate in recovery drive and recover arrears (g) Keep the Billing Register up to date and ensure

that correct entries are posted in the register (h) Correspondence regarding consumer complaints,

billing and water rate section in general (i) Obtain sanction for change of name on water

supply bill and record such changes in the Demand and Bill Register

(j) Reconcile the receipts received in bank and collection counter with the records in ledger

(k) Prepare challans for the amount collected and send the same to the Head Office

2. City Section (Maistry)

(a) Look after daily maintenance and repairs and ensure uninterrupted water supply

(b) Receive, record and attend the complaints of the consumers regarding water supply

(c) Scrutinize applications for new connection and get these sanctioned from Water Works Engineer after completing all formalities

(d) Provide assistance in recovery drive (e) Attend to complaints regarding contaminated

water supply




35

Table 3.2: Sections and activities of Miraj Water Works (Contd.) Section / Sectional Head Major activities performed by the Section 3. Meter Repairing Section (Head Meter Repairer)

(a) Carry out testing of new meters and issue test certificates to the consumers

(b) Keep the records of meters deposited in the Section

(c) Visit the sites for meter installation (d) Supervise the work of actual meter installation (e) Maintain the records of meters received for

repairs

(b) Sections reportable to Sectional Engineer (Mechanical). 1. Head Works Section (Electrical Supervisor)

(a) Operate the main line from Krishna Ghat to Miraj

(b) Attend to the leakage in the line (c) Supervise the work of staff at pumping station (d) Look after the repairs and maintenance of the

pumping machinery (e) Maintain the records and log books at the

pumping station

2. Filter Section (Filter Inspector)

(a) Decide the dose of chemicals according to the quantum of water supply

(b) Check the samples of water in the city (c) Keep the records of chemicals used for the

treatment of water (d) Supervise day to day operations of treatment

plant.

3. Pure Water Pumping Section

(Electrician)

(a) Supervise the operations and maintenance of the pumping machinery

(b) Maintain log books and other records of pumping station

(c) Look after the maintenance of the stand posts and bore wells and other water supply connections in the buildings owned by SMK-MC




36

Figure 3.4: Organisation chart of Miraj water works

Meter ReadersLedger Clerks

Majoor

WATER RATE BRANCHWater Rate Superintendent

(SS Rajput)

FittersPlumber

MukadamMajoor

CITY SECTIONMistry

(YA Sawant / BG Riswade)(SB Upadhye)

Meter RepairersMajoor

METER REPAIRS SECTIONHead Meter Repairer

(ND Dhobale)

Sectional Engineer(Civil)

(SG Kulkarni)

Pump OperatorMukadam

Majoor

HEAD WORKS SECTIONElectrical Supervisor

(RA Jadhav)

Filter OperatorsFitter

MajoorWatchman

FILTER SECTIONFilter Inspector(SH Parulekar)

OperatorsMajdoor

PURE WATER PUMPINGSECTIONElectrician(PB Patil)

Sectional Engineer(Mechanical)(RY Joshi)

OFFICE STAFFJunior Clerks - 6

Peons - 2

Water Works Engineer(PD Patil)

Executive Engineer(SS Joshi)




37

Staffing Pattern 3.14 Sangli and Miraj Water Works have following categories of the staff.

a. Managerial staff -

1. Executive Engineer 2. Water Works Engineer

b. Supervisory staff - 1. Sectional Engineer (Civil) 2. Sectional Engineer (Mech.) 3. Junior Engineer (Elec.) 4. Chemist 5. Senior Pipe Inspector 6. Filter Inspector 7. Office Superintendent 8. Assistant Accountant 9. Head Meter Repairer 10. Head Store Keeper 11. Maistry 12. Senior Clerk 13. Foreman 14. Meter Supervisor 15. Water Rate Superintendent

c. Operational staff - 1. Junior Clerk 2. Typist-cum-Clerk 3. Recovery Clerk 4. Meter Reader 5. Machine Fitter 6. Pipe Inspector 7. Electrician 8. Fitter 9. Electrical Operator 10. Pump Operator 11. Filter Operator 12. Mukadam 13. Plumber

d. Helper staff - 1 Filter Attendant 2. Oilman 3. Valve man 4. Labourer / Majoor 5. Khalasi 6. Casual Labourer (Harkami) 7. Watchman 8. Driver 9. Gardner 10. Peon

3.15 The details of sanctioned and filled posts in Sangli, Miraj and Kupwad are compiled3

from the Kamgar Kalyan Vibhag (Labour Welfare Department) of SMK-MC and summarised in the following table.

3 Comparison of sanctioned and filled post is presented in Appendix E




38

Table 3.3: Summary of sanctioned and filled posts

Staff category Sangli Miraj Kupwad Total Nos. Nos. Nos. Nos. 1. Managerial staff Sanctioned 2 1 0 3 Filled 2 1 0 3 Vacant 0 0 0 0 2. Supervisory staff Sanctioned 12 9 1 22 Filled 6 9 0 15 Vacant 6 0 1 7 3. Operational staff Sanctioned 99 49 4 152 Filled 58 45 1 104 Vacant 41 4 3 48 4. Helper staff Sanctioned 110 60 8 178 Filled 87 58 7 152 Vacant 23 2 1 26 5. Total staff Sanctioned 223 119 13 355 Filled 153 113 8 274 Vacant 70 6 5 81

3.16 Above table reveals that 31% posts in Sangli and 38% posts in Kupwad are vacant. In

Miraj, however, only 5% of the posts are not filled, the reason being that in Miraj the staff transferred in August 1998 from MJP is considered as sanctioned staff and actual staff deployed at present is compared with original deployment.

3.17 Based on the above staff strength, ratio of number of connections per staff works out as

mentioned below. Table 3.4: Number of connections per employee

No of staff Staff / 1,000 connections Water Works Connections Sanctioned Filled Sanctioned Filled

Nos. Nos. Nos. Nos. Sangli 23,160 223 153 10 7 Miraj 11,742 119 113 10 10 Kupwad 1,769 8 5 5 3 Total 36,671 355 266 10 7

3.18 Ratio of staff per 1,000 connection worked out on the basis of filled posts is on lower

side in Sangli as compared to Miraj Water Works. This could be due to the reason that many posts in Sangli Water Works are still vacant. If the said ratio is compared with sanctioned strength, it is comparable in both Sangli and Miraj. In Kupwad, the ratio is even less as Kupwad does not have its own source works, pumping stations and treatment plant. It also functions under Sangli Water Works and the employees attached




39

to the Sangli Water Works share many tasks. International best practice is around 2 to 3 staff per 1,000 connections.4

Staff Profile - General Analysis 3.19 Profiles of the employees working in water supply services both at Sangli and Miraj are

developed to facilitate further analysis of their background and the adequacy for the functions they perform. For this purpose, information of the staff members working in these sections covering aspects such as - name, age, education, number of years of experience, training completed if any and salary scale is collected from the Kamgar Kalyan Vibhag of SMK-MC5. Following tables present the staff profiles developed on different parameters

(a) Age profile. Age profile presents the age groups of the staff working in different

hierarchial groups is given in Table 3.6

It can be observed from the above analysis that,

i. A large number of staff members (77%) are between the age group of 36 to 55 years.

ii. Out of 3 managers, 1 manager will retire in two years time and the remaining 2 will retire within the next 3 to 4 years. As a result a gap is likely to be created at the top level of the water supply department.

iii. In the supervisory and operating categories also, about 13% of the staff will retire within next 3 years and another 33% will retire within next 10-13 years.

iv. The average age of staff members in Sangli and Miraj water supply departments is 43 years.

4 Reference - The World Bank Report No 18321 - India Water Resource Management Sector Review,

Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Report - June 26,1998 5 Refer Appendix E for details of staff at Sangli and Miraj Water Works respectively. Information about staff

working in Kupwad is not available.




40

Table 3.6: Age profile

Particulars Upto 25 26 to 35 36 to 45 46 to 55 Above 56 Total (Years) 1. Managers Sangli 0 0 0 1 1 2 Miraj 0 0 0 1 0 1 Sub-total (1) 0 0 0 2 1 3 2. Supervisors Sangli 0 0 4 1 1 6 Miraj 0 0 4 4 1 9 Sub-total (2) 0 0 8 5 2 15 3. Operating staff Sangli 2 6 29 23 7 67 Miraj 0 3 22 18 2 45 Sub-total (3) 2 9 51 41 9 112 4. Helper staff Sangli 5 13 35 20 5 78 Miraj 2 9 31 13 3 58 Sub-total (4) 7 22 66 33 8 136 Total 9 31 125 81 20 266

(b) Experience profile. Experience profile (Table 3.7) presents the level of experience

acquired by the employees working in different hierarchical groups. Table 3.7: Experience profile

Particulars Upto 5 6 to 15 16 to 25 26 to 35 Above 36 Total (Years) 1. Managers Sangli 0 0 0 2 0 2 Miraj 0 0 0 1 0 1 Sub-total (1) 0 0 0 3 0 3 2. Supervisors Sangli 0 3 1 2 0 6 Miraj 0 2 2 5 0 9 Sub-total (2) 0 5 3 7 0 15 3. Operating staff Sangli 5 15 23 14 1 58 Miraj 0 8 28 9 0 45 Sub-total (3) 5 23 51 23 1 103 4. Helper staff Sangli 7 42 26 12 0 87 Miraj 5 24 25 2 2 58 Sub-total (4) 12 66 51 14 2 145 Total 17 94 105 47 3 266

About 58% employees have more than 15 years of experience. 42% employees

are in a bracket of 5 to 15 years of experience. Employees of Sangli and Miraj




41

Water Works have average experience of 18 years. The staff of water supply department is, thus, well experienced.

The analysis further reveals that,

i. All managers have more than 26 years of experience. ii. 50% of the supervisors have more than 26 years of experience. iii. 29%, 47% and 24% of the operating staff is in the experience brackets of

upto 15, 16 to 25 and more than 26 years of experience. The employees in all the staff categories are adequately experienced.

(c) Education profile. Analysis of the formal education levels of the staff working in

water supply departments of Sangli and Miraj is presented in the following table. Table 3.8: Education profile

Education level Particulars PG GD VT SSC HS PS NE Total

Nos. Nos. Nos. Nos. Nos. Nos. Nos. Nos. 1. Managers Sangli 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 Miraj 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 Sub-total (1) 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 3 2. Supervisors Sangli 1 3 1 1 0 0 0 6 Miraj 0 3 1 4 0 1 0 9 Sub-total (2) 1 6 2 5 0 1 0 15 3. Operating staff Sangli 0 8 30 12 8 0 0 58 Miraj 0 5 8 20 11 1 0 45 Sub-total (3) 0 13 38 2 19 1 0 103 4. Helper staff Sangli 0 2 7 6 48 21 3 87 Miraj 0 0 0 3 43 12 0 58 Sub-total (4) 0 2 7 9 91 33 3 145 Total 1 24 47 46 110 35 3 266

Note. PG - Post graduate, GD - Graduate / Diploma, VT - Vocational training, SSC. - Secondary School Leaving examination, HS- High School level, PS - Primary School level and NE - No education

The statistics presented in the above table indicates that,

i. Less than 10% of the employees have diploma or degree level education in water supply departments of Sangli and Miraj. However, all managers have acquired formal education upto diploma / graduation level in engineering.

ii. Almost all supervisors have undergone formal education from SSC to graduate levels, with the exception of one supervisor (Head Meter Repairer) in Miraj who has only a nominal formal education.

iii. About 37% of the operating staff members have acquired some vocational




42

training such as ITI or short courses in the trades like electrician, plumbing, fitter's course etc.

iv. Also 51% of the operating staff have formal education above SSC level. v. Most of the staff in the category of helpers (88%) are educated only upto

10th standard level in the schools. (d) Salary profile. Analysis of the basic salary levels of the staff working in water

supply departments of Sangli and Miraj is presented in the following table.

For the purpose of salary profile, the salary scales are grouped according to categories.

i. Group A .. Helpers Rs. 750-900 to 975-1660 ii. Group B .. Operating staff Rs. 1200-1800 to 1400-2600 iii. Group C .. Supervisors Rs. 1640-2900 to 2000-3500 iv. Group D .. Managers Rs. 6500-10500 and above

The results of the analysis are presented in the following table.

Table 3.9: Salary profile

Salary Groups Particulars A B C D

Total

Nos. Nos. Nos. Nos. Nos. 1. Managers Sangli 0 0 1 1 2 Miraj 0 0 0 1 1 Sub-total (1) 0 0 1 2 3 2. Supervisors Sangli 0 4 1 1 6 Miraj 0 6 1 2 9 Sub-total (2) 0 10 2 3 15 3. Operating staff Sangli 20 37 1 0 58 Miraj 16 29 0 0 45 Sub-total (3) 36 66 1 0 103 4. Helper staff Sangli 86 1 0 0 87 Miraj 58 0 0 0 58 Sub-total (4) 144 1 0 0 145 Total 180 77 4 5 266

The salary profile presented above indicates that 68% of the staff of Water Works

is in the lowest salary scale and 29% in the next higher scale. Thus, almost all staff members (97%) are in the lowest two categories/groups of salary scale.




43

Staff Profiles - co-relation 3.20 In addition to the general analysis of the background of the staff working in various

categories, analysis is also done co-relating different parameters age, education and experience. The results are presented in the following tables.

Table 3.10: Co-relation between age and education

Upto 25 26 to 35 36 to 45 46 to 55 Above 55 Total (Years) Nos. 1. Post graduate Sangli 0 0 1 0 0 1 Miraj 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sub-total (1) 0 0 1 0 0 1 2. Graduate / Diploma Sangli 1 0 10 2 2 15 Miraj 0 2 4 3 0 9 Sub-total (2) 1 2 14 5 2 24 3. Vocational Training Sangli 0 2 16 15 5 38 Miraj 0 0 4 4 1 9 Sub-total (3) 0 2 20 19 6 47 4. SSC. Sangli 1 4 8 5 1 19 Miraj 0 2 13 12 0 27 Sub-total (4) 1 6 26 17 1 46 5. High School Sangli 3 9 24 17 3 56 Miraj 2 8 28 14 2 54 Sub-total (5) 5 17 52 31 5 110 6. Primary School Sangli 2 4 7 6 2 21 Miraj 0 0 8 3 3 14 Sub-total (6) 2 4 15 9 5 35 7. No Education Sangli 0 0 2 0 1 3 Miraj 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sub-total (7) 0 0 2 0 1 3 Total 9 31 125 81 20 266

3.21 The analysis reveals that,

(a) Young employees upto age of 25 have only high school level education. (b) Only 13% employees in the age group of 26 to 35 have formal vocational training

or diploma. (c) About 70% of the employees in the age group of 26 to 45 are educated only upto

SSC level.




44

This indicates that the staff, irrespective of the age groups, would need formal training

to handle efficiency improvement measures and diligent working of water supply operations.

Table 3.11: Co-relation between experience and education

Upto 5 6 to 15 16 to 25 26 to 35 36 and above

Total

(Years) 1. Post graduate Sangli 0 1 0 0 0 1 Miraj 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sub-total (1) 0 1 0 0 0 1 2. Graduate / Diploma Sangli 1 8 3 3 0 15 Miraj 0 5 1 3 0 9 Sub-total (2) 1 13 4 6 0 24 3. Vocational Training Sangli 1 7 21 9 0 38 Miraj 0 0 5 4 0 9 Sub-total (3) 1 7 26 13 0 47 4. SSC. Sangli 3 7 6 3 0 19 Miraj 1 6 15 5 0 27 Sub-total (4) 4 13 21 8 0 46 5. High School Sangli 5 27 14 9 1 56 Miraj 4 21 25 4 0 54 Sub-total (5) 9 48 39 13 1 110 6. Primary School Sangli 2 8 6 5 0 21 Miraj 0 2 9 1 2 14 Sub-total (6) 2 10 15 6 2 35 7. No Education Sangli 0 2 0 1 0 3 Miraj 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sub-total (7) 0 2 0 1 0 3 Total 17 94 105 47 3 266

3.22 It can be seen from the above table that -

(a) About 80% of the staff having less than 15 years of experience has formal education upto SSC level only.

(b) In the group of 16 to 25 years of experience, about 30% of the employees have acquired either vocational training or degree/diploma.

Although the employees are experienced, they lack background of formal education,

and would need support of training to perform their functions effectively in the new




45

working environment. Adequacy of Qualifications and Experience 3.23 Managerial cadre. The functions in managerial cadre are basically of technical

(engineering) nature. All the three officers working in this cadre have engineering degree or diploma and they have worked in the water supply/sewerage field for more than 25 years. They are, thus, suitable to perform their designated functions.

3.24 Supervisory cadre. The supervisory cadre, however, has a variety of functions to

perform like technical, administrative and accounting. The two supervisors performing engineering functions are adequately qualified and experienced for the posts. Among other technical supervisors - chemist, head meter repairer and filter inspector also appear to possess the required qualification while others like the senior pipe inspector, head meter repairer (in Miraj) and maistries do not have the necessary education or training in the respective functions and are performing these functions merely through their experience. Similarly, two out of the three supervisors performing the administrative or accounting functions possess graduate or post-graduate qualifications while the third supervisor has passed SSC examination. With an experience of 14 to 21 years, they appear to have acquired adequate competence to manage these functions.

3.25 Operating cadre. In operating cadre, there is a large variation in nature of functions. For

example, technical functions cover posts like pump operators, electrician, fitters, filter operators, plumbers, meter repairers, pipe inspectors etc. Non-technical functions cover positions like clerks, meter readers, typist-cum-clerk etc. Adequacy of the operating staff in respect of qualifications and experience is summarized in the following table.

Table 3.12: Qualifications and experience of operating staff

Number of operating staff Category of operating staff Total Adequate

qualifications No

qualification

Total experience in the trade

(No.) Technical Sangli 50 25 25 4 to 36 Miraj 26 8 18 14 to 29 Non-technical Sangli 17 17 0 1 to 30 Miraj 19 19 0 12 to 29 Total Technical 76 33 43 4 to 36 Non-technical 36 36 0 1 to 30

Thus, a large number of technical persons in operating cadre do not have suitable

qualifications in the respective trades. The situation can be corrected by arranging (trade/subject) specific training for such staff, so that the skills of this otherwise experienced staff can be enhanced to perform their functions in a better manner.




46

Adequacy in the respect of promotion to senior cadre 3.26 Promotions to managerial cadre There is a distinct possibility of engineers in

supervisory cadre being promoted to the managerial cadre, which consists of engineering posts. As stated before, all the three officers in the managerial cadre are retiring in the next 4 years. Also two of them are currently on deputation from the MJP. While there are three engineers in the supervisory cadre, two of them are again on deputation from MJP. Thus, there is a likelihood of crisis in manning the senior posts in the near future. The concerted effort of recruiting suitable engineers in supervisory cadre at the initial stage and grooming them in the next 4 to 5 years to handle the responsibility as managers of the water works is essential.

3.27 Promotions to supervisory cadre The functions in supervisory cadre are multifarious -

engineering functions in O&M of pumping stations and distribution systems, other technical functions in O&M of the treatment plants and administrative and accounts (billing and recovery) functions. The engineering functions will need qualified engineers and the persons from lower (operating) cadre will not qualify for these functions. Other technical functions (like filter inspector or chemist) require specific qualifications and experience in treatment plant operations and sanitary chemistry. Filter operators in Sangli and Miraj need to be trained extensively in these two specific disciplines so that they emerge suitable to man the post of filter inspector. If suitable candidates are not available for the post of chemist, it will be essential to recruit candidates with required qualifications from outside. For the senior pipe inspector's post also, it should be possible to provide specific training in the O&M of the pipeline distribution system to the inspectors and make them suitable to man the post of senior pipe inspector (in Sangli) and maistry (in Miraj). Most of the junior clerks and meter readers have minimum qualifications of SSC, while many of them are graduates. With their experience in the water works sections, they will be quite suitable for promotion to the senior posts in the supervisory cadre.

3.28 Promotions to operating cadre For promotion from helper cadre to operating cadre,

minimum qualifications in a particular field is essential. In Miraj, seven workers possess certificate of wireman course or plumber course and will be eligible to move to the operating cadre. There are a few persons in unskilled staff with SSC. (or higher) qualifications and, with required training can perform the functions of meter reader, recovery clerk and junior clerk. What is required is a formal policy of promotions and recruitment and a plan for next 5 to 10 years to manage the various functions of the water works.

Human Resource Development Policies 3.29 The policies followed by SMK-MC for human resource development are not yet

documented. Information regarding various aspects of HRD policies was collected from the Assistant Commissioner (Sangli) who also heads the Kamgar Kalyan Vibhag (Labour Welfare Department) of SMK-MC. The policies followed for different components of HRD (described in the following sections) are mostly based on the provisions and guidelines given in the Bombay Provincial Municipal Corporations Act, 1949, The Maharashtra Civil Service Rules and Bylaws of Sangli Municipal Council.




47

3.30 Manpower Planning The concept of manpower planning is not practiced in its real

sense in SMK-MC. In the absence of a documented business plan, the qualitative and quantitative requirements of staff cannot be projected. The only criteria followed for deciding the requirements of the additional staff (and skills ) is the comparison of actual staff deployment with the "sanctioned" posts. The vacancies resulting due to retirements and transfers of employees are filled in either by recruitment or by transfers. However, there are delays in the process. It is observed that in water supply and drainage departments there are many positions, which are not yet filled (and are still vacant) or managed by junior level employees.

3.31 There is no system available to monitor the career of individual staff member. The

promotions are made on the basis of seniority. As a result, individual staff member do not have any incentives to work hard. He / she is also unaware of future career. Introduction of scientific manpower planning system which is based and backed by a business plan and proper assessment of workload and skill requirement for the future is, therefore, essential in water supply and drainage departments.

3.32 Recruitment The Recruitment Rules framed by SMK-MC are followed for the

recruitment of the staff. The requirement of staff is conveyed by the departmental head to the Commissioner. The Commissioner has power to appoint staff on a temporary basis for a period of six months. The permission for extension of his services beyond six month is obtained from the Standing Committee. For permanent appointment, approval of the General Body is required.

After a decision of recruitment is made, an advertisement is published in the

newspapers. Similarly, availability of a suitable candidate in the Employment Exchange is also determined. After scrutiny of applications, interviews of the short-listed candidates are conducted by the Selection Committee formed as per the provisions under Section 54 of the Act. The Selection Committee does the final selection of candidate.

3.33 Training. There is no formal policy for training in the Corporation. SMK-MC, from

time to time, receives circulars/letters from the Government departments announcing the training courses arranged for the local body staff. With the approval of the Standing Committee, the staff is deputed for such training.

3.34 Promotions The Promotion Committee of SMK-MC has the powers of promoting the

staff. The promotions are based on a confidential report, service record and seniority. Interviews are, however, not conducted for promotions. Promotions are done only on the basis of verification of these records.

3.35 Transfers The Commissioner has the authority to transfer the staff. For transfers,

approval of the Standing Committee or the General Body is not required. 3.36 Rewards and Incentives There is no system of giving rewards and incentives to

employees. Although advance salary increments are permissible, such increments are so far not given to any employee of SMK-MC.




48

3.37 Contract Staff Departmental heads have powers to appoint contract staff for a maximum period upto one year. Usually such appointments are done for Class IV category of staff.

Labour Relations 3.38 The labour relations in SMK-MC have been generally cordial since its formation. The

staff went on strike on one occasion for five days (26th October to 30th October 1999) for pressing the demand of making 5th Pay Commission applicable to SMK-MC staff.

3.39 Following three unions are active in SMK-MC

(a) Sangli Miraj Kupwad Mahapalika Kamgar Union (b) Nagarpalika Kamgar Union, and (c) Mahapalika Kamgar Sabha

3.40 The major demands of these unions are:

(a) Application of the recommendations of 5th Pay Commission (b) Making the temporary employees permanent in SMK-MC (c) Giving residential accommodation to the staff (d) Providing residential accommodation to Sweepers (e) Opposition to downsizing measures (f) Opposition to privatisation

C. Systems, Procedures and Records 3.41 Analysis of the current operating practices and broad workflow of the Water Supply and

Drainage Departments at Sangli and Miraj was carried out to study the present status of the systems, procedures and records. This was accomplished by reviewing the records used in the backdrop of discussions with the managerial, supervisory and operating staff. The records reviewed included the forms and registers used for carrying out various functions in these departments. Brief description of the major systems and procedures followed is given below6.

(a) Acts, Rules and Manuals. SMK-MC has not yet prepared a systems manual or

framed the by-laws pertaining to the systems and procedures to be followed. Present systems and procedures in use are adopted from different sources like the Maharashtra Municipal Accounts Code, 1971 and the by-laws of Sangli and Miraj Municipal Councils (according to the provisions of the Maharashtra Municipal Act, 1965, old by-laws remain in force till such time new by-laws are adopted).

(b) Procedure for introduction of new system. The Corporation can introduce any

new system and procedure that would facilitate convenience of operation and generation of required information. However, certain formats viz. Bill for Water Charges, Demand Register, Bill Register etc. which are prescribed by the Act cannot be changed drastically. If any change is required in such formats,

6 Description of the formats of the forms and registers in use is presented in Appendix F.




49

permission of the Urban Development Department of the Government of Maharashtra is necessary.

(c) Methods of record keeping. Most of the records maintained in Water Supply and

Drainage Departments are in the form of various registers. These registers are written manually. Some of the registers in use are prescribed in the Maharashtra Municipal Account Code, 1971. Use of pre-designed forms is also a common feature for collecting and disseminating information. This has reduced the clerical work considerably.

(d) Use of computers. There is a scope for computerisation of systems and

procedures in the Water Supply and Drainage Departments. However, except billing and demand register, other records are not yet computerised. For example, elaborate database of properties connected with water supply and sewerage connections can be developed on computer to monitor the service levels and revenues effectively.

There are plans for introduction of computerisation in the working of SMK-MC.

The contract is already awarded to the National Informatics Centre (NIC) and required software is being developed. Data-entry work is also in progress. The Corporation has already purchased necessary hardware.

Computerisation is to be introduced in a phased manner. In the first phase,

operations of the Public Works Department, Workshops, Water Works, Property Tax will be computerized, whereas in the second phase operations of the Octroi Department will be computerised.

Procedure for obtaining new water supply connections 3.42 For obtaining new water supply connection, an elaborate procedure is laid down. Figure

3.5 illustrates the major steps involved in this procedure. 3.43 Detailed steps involved in the procedure of obtaining new water supply connections are

listed below.

(a) Applicant submits his application to Water Works along with the necessary enclosures as listed in Appendix F, for the issuance of application form for new connection. After scrutiny of the papers submitted by the applicant, he is asked to purchase an application form by paying Rs.25.

(b) The application for new connection is in the form of a booklet. Contents of this an

application form are listed in Appendix F. In this application, the applicant once again fills in necessary information and signs the agreement. Application is recorded in inward register.




50

Figure 3.5: Procedure for obtaining new water supply connection

Note: In numbering sequence, letter indicates the agency responsible for activity and number indicates sequence of activities.

(c) Subsequently Water Works Engineer directs Pipe Inspection section to visit the site and confirm whether the connection can be given. In case it is feasible, Inspection Section prepares estimate of expenditure for the work. Certificate to that effect is prepared and signed by Pipe Inspector and Senior Pipe Inspector.

(d) Application is then forwarded to Meter Section to check whether there are any

dues of water charges of the existing connection from the applicant give clearance of no dues.(This is applicable only for the application for additional connection in the property) If there are any dues, applicant is asked to clear the dues and its receipt is recorded on the application form by Recovery Clerk and Assistant Accountant.

(e) Applicant can obtain the connection on urgent basis by paying extra charges. In

case such charges are paid, Water Works Engineer directs to put the application on priority list and number and date of registering the name in priority list is mentioned on the application.

(f) Application is then forwarded to the Meter Repairing Section. After testing of the

meter, the Head Meter Repairer gives his test certificate and records testing registration number on the application.

A. Applicant

A1. Submit application for

new connection

A2. Make necessary

payments

A9 Get new meter tested

B. Water Works Engineer

B4. Direct Pipe Section for

site inspection

B8. Approve urgent

processing

B12. Recommend allotment

of connection for

approval of the

Commissioner

B14. Direct Inspection

Section to accept

connection charges

E. Recovery Section

E3. Accept application fee

E7. Accept arrears if any

E15. Accept connection and

urgent processing

charges if any

C. Pipe Inspection Section

C5. Inspect site and

prepare cost estimates

C16. Install connection and

issue certificate to that

effect

F. Meter / BillingSection

F6. Check old dues of

the existing

connection if any

and inform

applicant to pay

F17. Allot consumer

number and

make entries in

Demand

Register, Meter

Reading Books

F18. Update master

data file

F19. Issue first bill to

consumer

G. Meter RepairingSection

G10. Receive meter for

testing

G11. Issue test

certificate

D. Municipal Commissioner

D13. Sanction new

connection




51

(g) After completion of these formalities, Senior Pipe Inspector and Water Works

Engineer recommend allotment of connection to the applicant and give their consent to accept the connection charges and other incidental expenses from the applicant.

(h) The application is then forwarded to the Commissioner for giving his approved,

after obtaining clearances from the Assistant Commissioner and Deputy Commissioner.

(i) Water Works Engineer then directs the applicant to pay the amounts of meter

deposit, connection fee, urgent connection fee (if applicable), advance amount against estimated amount equal to one year's bill amount as deposit, fitter and coolie charges, meter testing fee, road cutting charges etc.

(j) After the applicant pays the amount, the recovery clerk and assistant accountant

sign the receipt of the amount received on the application.

(k) The pipe fitter then installs the connection on site and issues certificate to that effect, which is countersigned by the Pipe Inspector on the application. The application docket is then forwarded to the Billing Section.

(l) Billing Section allots consumer number to the new connection and records the

date of sending the first bill on the application. This remark is signed by the Meter Reader and Meter Supervisor.

The above procedure is followed in Miraj and Sangli Water Works with slight

variations. In Sangli, all the payments are accepted and forms delivered from a Single Window7.

Customer Grievances And Complaint Redressal. 3.44 System. A formal system of recording complaints and the follow up action is adopted, in

the water supply departments, both at Sangli and Miraj. The complainant attends the office and registers his complaint in the Complaint Book kept in the Water Works Office. He could also register his complaint by the telephone. A register is maintained8 to record the complaints received in the office either personally or on phone. (There are small variations in the format at each place)

There is a system of all the operating staff in the distribution system such as fitters to

meet daily in the morning in the office of the water supply department, when the work of attending to the complaints and other repairs for the day is allotted to them. It usually takes the fitter to attend to the complaints one or two days. Next day, the report of previous day's work is recorded in the register. Summary of report is prepared every day in Miraj.

7 Billing and collection procedure for water charges is described in Chapter IV of the report. 8 Refer Appendix F for format of Complaint Register




52

3.45 Number and nature of complaints. Record of complaints received and attended during

the year 2000-2001 was reviewed. The complaints in water supply system are mainly on leakage noticed in the street pipelines or at the ferrule connections. Few complaints relate to low pressure, odour, dirty water, damage to pipe lines and standposts, removal of air valves or standpost taps, difficulty in operating the valves, etc. The monthly summary is indicated in Table 3.13.As seen from the table, the average number of complaints received in water supply department every day is 3 or slightly more at Sangli and Miraj.

Table 3.13: Monthly summary of consumer complaints (Year 2000-2001)

No. Month Sangli Miraj Total Nos.

1 April 2000 118 34 152 2 May 2000 155 83 238 3 June 2000 127 97 224 4 July 2000 102 77 179 5 August 2000 73 83 156 6 September 2000 92 128 220 7 October 2000 92 85 177 8 November 2000 111 110 221 9 December 2000 76 122 198 10 January 2001 120 102 222 11 February 2001 89 81 170 12 March 2001 80 88 168 Total 1235 1090 2325 Average / Day 3 3 6




53

3.46 History of repairs of pipeline. The number of repairs to be attended is far more in AC,

PVC and HDPE pipes as seen from the following table. Table 3.14: History of repairs in pipelines

No. Pipe material Number of repairs in years 1998-1999 1999-2000 2000-2001 A. Sangli

1. CI pipes 12 33 28 2. Hume steel pipes - - - 3. PSC pipes 3 - - 4. PVC pipes - 17 3 5. HDPE pipes 3 32 15 6. AC pipes 149 287 217 7. GI pipes - 6 3 Total 168 375 266 B. Miraj

1. CI pipes 13 23 28 2. PVC and HDPE pipes 466 743 792 3. GI pipes 40 47 37 4. PSC/HS pipes 23 39 46 5. Valves and connections 100 184 142 Total 642 1036 1045

Periodical Reports 3.47 The Municipal Commissioner reviews the work of all the departments every week. The

Executive Engineer (Water supply) submits the weekly report to the Commissioner in the format indicated in Figure 3.6.

It is observed that there is no formal management information system in operation at the

Executive Engineer's level. In order to have proper control on operations, it is essential to have a periodical feedback on the important issues related to the operations and management of the water supply systems. The feedback should be in a form of a formal report generated at various sections and should include, among other things the details like:

(a) Performance monitoring of pumping stations, treatment plants, distribution

network; (b) Functioning of various equipment/gadgets; (c) Chemical dosing, water quality test reports; (d) Service levels - water produced, water sold, losses; (e) New connections, disconnection, reconnections etc.; (f) Billing and collection performance; (g) Report on physical progress of the schemes under execution if any; and (h) Staff related matters like category-wise staff deployment, leave, absenteeism, etc.




54

Figure 3.6: Format of weekly report to the Municipal Commissioner

Weekly Report - From ------------ to -------------

No of working days. 6 Sr. No.

Particulars Sangli & Kupwad

Miraj Total Remarks

Assistant Accountant 1) Recovery Arrears Current Total 2) Notices issued 3) Action initiated Senior Pipe Inspector 1) No of connections cut for

recovery of arrears

2) No of reconnections after recovery

3) No of new connections Head Meter Repairer 1) Old and new meters tested 2) New meter testing 3) No of old meters received for

repairs in the workshop

4) Meters installed after repairs 5) Total non-working meters 6) Total working meters

Meter Repairing 3.48 Systems. Sangli and Miraj Water Works have independent meter repairing workshops.

(a) The meter repairing workshop is mainly responsible for testing the old and new meters. All the water supply connections in Sangli and Miraj are metered connections. For a new connection, a consumer is required to purchase his own meter and get it tested from the meter repairing workshop before installation.

(b) The meters are received directly in the workshop along with the application for

new connection. After receiving the meter, details like date of receipt, job number, brief description of the work to be done and the receipt number of meter testing fees are entered in the inward register. Meters are then tested and if found to be in order, certificate to that effect is prepared in a pre-designed format. In the docket of the application of new connection, details of the certificate are entered.




55

(c) Before handing over the tested meters and test certificate to the consumer,

following details are entered in the outward register. i. Outward number; ii. Reference and date; iii. Ward number; iv. Consumer number; v. Name and address of the consumer; vi. Make of meter - old/new; vii. Meter number and size; viii. Inward number and date; ix. Receipt number and date; x. Remarks; xi. Readings before and after testing; and xii. Signature of the customer

(d) The meter repairing section also attends to the complaints regarding faulty meters.

In such cases, the meter repairing section is responsible for the removal and installation of meters. When such meters are brought for the testing, entry is made in a register and following details are recorded.

i. Date; ii. Size of meter; iii. Private meter number; iv. Ward; v. Consumer number; vi. Old meter reading; vii. Name of consumer; and viii. Government meter number.

(e) After repairs and testing of the repaired meters, entries are again made in the

outward register.

(f) In the months of February, March and April, the staff of the meter repairing workshop are assigned additional work of recovering arrears.

(g) In addition to meters of the consumers, Miraj Workshop also receives large size

meters for testing from the organisations like MIDC and other Municipal Corporations. For testing of these meters, the same procedure is followed.

3.49 Types of meters. As mentioned earlier, previously the Municipal Councils used to install

their own meters. In Sangli and Miraj some of these meters are still in working condition. The quality of old meters was found to be better than the meters available currently. It was reported that old meters used to function for 30 to 40 years (50,00,000 litres flow), but new meters hardly function for 3 to 4 years (5,00,000 litres flow). Following brands of meters are popular.




56

(a) Anand; (b) Capstan; (c) Kranti; (d) Chambal; and (e) Bhagirathi

Out of these brands Anand and Capstan are considered to be of better quality. The main

problem of quality pertains to the material of gear-wheel. Due to reaction of chlorine, the gear wheels do not function properly.

3.50 Utilisation of capacity. Both at Sangli and Miraj, facilities of the meter repairing

workshop, are underutilised because there is no incentive for the consumers having non-working meters to keep their meters in working condition. The present charges of Rs.90 per month for non-working meters need to be increased to such a level that it would be beneficial for the consumers to keep their meters in working condition. Moreover, since most of the connections serve more than one family, there is a possibility of loss of revenue due to average charges of Rs.90 per month per connection charged to the non-working metered connections. Considering the large number of non-working meters (especially in Sangli), it will be prudent to initiate the action against the consumers who have faulty meters. This is critical as efficiency gains would be tested based on the meter readings.

Maintenance of water supply distribution system 3.51 Pipe Inspection Section is responsible for the maintenance of existing pipe lines and

undertaking civil works. In case of major problems, pipelines are sometimes replaced. The work is undertaken departmentally or by appointing contractors by following the usual tendering procedures of the Corporation.

Other Records 3.52 Water supply pumping stations. Details of pumping operations of the water supply

pumping are recorded in the register of pump operation. It includes the details like.

(a) Time of starting; (b) Time of shut off; (c) Meter reading; (d) Unit; (e) Volt meter reading; (f) Amperes; (g) Power factor; and (h) Head

This information is recorded for each pumping set in the register.




57

3.53 Treatment Plants. Following records are maintained in the treatment plants. The

contents of the records maintained at both the places are more or less the same. There are minor variations in the formats of the registers maintained to record the information.

(a) Weekly duty list. Chemist prepares weekly duty list of the employees indicating

names of the operators assigned to each shift. In the duty list, names of the relievers are also mentioned.

(b) Register of chlorine tests. In this register, the results of the chlorine tests are

recorded every day. The following details are usually recorded.

i. Date; ii. Place of sample taken; iii. Time of sample taken; iv. Dose in ppm v. Signature of filter operator; and vi. Shift-wise results of hourly tests carried out at sump

(c) Log sheet. Log sheet of treatment plant is maintained which contains information

as mentioned below:

i. Hourly report of filter operation covering details like time of report, hours, rate of raw water (liters/hr), quantity of raw water, rate of filtration per hour, loss of head, quantity of filtered water, chlorine, lime and alum doses and doses of other chemicals;

ii. Shift-wise duty lists of filter operator, filter attendant and labourers etc.; iii. Daily test reports of turbidity and pH values of raw, settled and filtered

water, results of chlorine tests, and details of alum dose, lime dose and copper sulfate doses; and

iv. Daily summary report indicating total quantities of raw water, filtered water, alum used, chlorine used, other chemicals and lime used for treatment

(d) Details of pumping operations. Details of pumping operations of the raw and clear

water pumping station are recorded in Miraj in the Register of Pump Operation. It includes details such as:

i. Time of starting; ii. Time of shut off; iii. Meter reading; iv. Unit; v. Volts; vi. Amperes; vii. Power factor; and viii. Head

This information is recorded for each pumping set in the register.




58

(e) Stock statement of daily use of alum. A register is maintained to record the daily use of alum in both the filtration plants. The details like date, shift number, balance quantity of earlier shift, quantity received in the current shift, quantity used in the current shift and balance quantity of the current shift are recorded and signed by the operator.

Stores 3.54 There are stores both in Sangli and Miraj Water s for the material required by the civil

and mechanical sections. These stores do not carry large inventories but are primarily used to stock the frequently required miscellaneous consumable items such as GI pipe fittings, grease, oil, bearings, electrical spares etc. Normally, material required for any repair or maintenance work is purchased as and when required. The stock registers are maintained as per the format given in Appendix F. Similarly, Repairs Registers are maintained to record the details of repairs done to pipe lines or other facilities like pumping stations. There is no system of audit and valuation of inventory. There is also no formal system of reconciliation of stock as per the stock book and actual quantity.

Record of revenue and capital expenditure 3.55 The bills pertaining to the revenue expenditure such as electricity bill, bills of suppliers

of material etc are recorded in the bill registers before they are forwarded to the Accounts Department for further processing. Expenditure incurred on capital works such as purchase of pumps, pipe lines, contractor's bills etc is recorded in a register called Budget Control Register. This facilitates monitoring of the budget provisions (account budget head-wise) and the balance of the budget available against a particular budget head is worked out after every expenditure. Following information is recorded in the Budget Control Register.

(a) Budget head; (b) Budget provision (Rs.); (c) Serial number; (d) Nature of work; (e) Estimated expenditure; and (f) Balance provision

Employee related records and other administrative work 3.56 The employee related records maintained in the Water Supply and Drainage

Departments are musters rolls (attendance sheets) and leave records. The junior clerk also prepares monthly salary sheets. Other administrative work assigned to the clerical staff is the miscellaneous correspondence with the government, maintenance of stock registers, inward / outward work ,etc.




59

D. Key Issues 3.57 Improvements are required in respect of following important aspects.

(a) Water supply departments in Sangli and Miraj continue to function as independent units, rather than parts of a homogeneous department.

(b) Job specifications and allocation of work are not done in a rational manner. (c) Dependence on the engineers on deputation at the senior managerial (and

supervisory) level and not developing its own second line of engineering officers is likely to create a crisis in near future.

(d) Advance manpower planning needs to be done considering the situation in near future (of say five years).

(e) Lack of formal education in the respective disciplines needs to be corrected by a sustained scheme of formal training.

(f) There is no element of incentive in the present personnel policies. (g) There is spare capacity in meter repairing workshops, which continue to be

underutilized. (h) Records and registers are not appropriately designed and maintained. (i) There is no formal system of reporting and monitoring the key indicators of the

operational performance to the Executive Engineer (Water Supply). (j) Auditing and inventory valuation systems need to be introduced.


Municipal Fiscal Status


60

IV. MUNICIPAL FISCAL STATUS

A. Municipal Accounts and Financial Reporting 4.1 SMK-MC's budget is prepared in two main parts. Budget 'A' covers general

administration and all other services provided by the Corporation except water supply and sewerage. The budgets for water supply and sewerage services are covered separately in Budget 'C'. Both the budgets have revenue and capital accounts. Revenue account covers incomes from taxes, duties and fees etc. and expenditure on establishment, operations and maintenance of the services and debt servicing. The capital account includes the capital income (various grants and other income) and expenditure on capital works such as water supply, sewerage, etc.

4.2 After providing for all the expenditure, surplus of revenue income over expenditure is

transferred to the General Reserve. In addition to the General Reserve, the Corporation maintains ten other funds, which include -

(a) Pension Fund, (b) Salary Reserve Fund, (c) Provident Fund, (d) Cremation Fund, (e) 10th Finance Commission Fund, (f) ICDS Scheme Fund, (g) Depreciation Fund, (h) Development Fund, (i) Suvarna Jayanti Urban Employment Scheme Fund, and (j) Slum Improvement Programme Fund.

4.3 The financial performance of the Corporation is reported in the form of an annual

budget report. The budget report covers actual revenue earned and expenditure incurred in the last two years and budget estimates for the next financial year. The report is prepared by the Commissioner and placed before the Standing Committee for sanction. After obtaining necessary clarifications and explanations to the budget proposals made by the Commissioner, the Standing Committee accords its sanction. The budget estimates approved by the Standing Committee are then laid before the Corporation (General Body) for consideration.

4.4 The accounts of the Corporation are, at present, maintained on a cash basis. The actual

expenditure and budget estimates presented in the annual budget reports are also on cash basis. A study has been recently undertaken for introduction of accrual accounting system in the Corporation.

4.5 All financial transactions of the Corporation are routed through the municipal funds

created as per the provisions of the Section 82 of the Act . All the moneys received by the Corporation in the form of taxes, disposal of properties and from Government or public bodies etc. are deposited in the funds. The payments are also made from these funds as per the provisions of the Act. The balances of the funds reported in the budget report represent actual funds available with the Corporation as on that date. As per the




61

provisions of the Act, the excess funds are invested in the fixed deposits. B. General Accounts Financial Performance of the Corporation 4.6 The total income (revenue and capital) of the Corporation was Rs.394.28 million in the

year 1998-1999, increased to Rs.477.11 million in the year 2000-2001, thus registering an average growth of 10.2%. On the other hand, total expenditure (revenue and capital) of the Corporation has increased by 10.6% over this period i.e. from Rs.397.28 million to Rs.439.96 million in the year 1998-1999 and 2000-2001 respectively. This includes all services of the Corporation including water supply and sewerage (Budget 'A' and 'C'). The summary of the financial performance is presented in Table 4.11.

Table 4.1: Summarised income and expenditure of the Corporation

Details 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 Average Share (Rs. Million) (%) Income Revenue income Budget 'A' 255.58 327.16 359.76 314.17 70.84% Budget 'C' 54.16 75.91 78.12 69.39 15.65% Sub-total (I) 309.74 403.07 437.88 383.56 86.49% Capital income Budget 'A' 0.41 0.05 0.09 0.18 0.04% Budget 'C' 0.01 0.27 0.20 0.16 0.04% Sub-total (ii) 0.42 0.32 0.29 0.34 0.08% Debt heads9 84.12 55.65 38.94 59.57 13.43% Total income 394.28 459.04 477.11 443.47 100.00% Expenditure Revenue expenditure Budget 'A' 180.06 199.53 225.82 201.80 45.90% Budget 'C' 74.03 91.93 96.09 87.35 19.87% Sub-total (I) 254.09 291.46 321.91 289.15 65.77% Capital expenditure Budget 'A' 62.74 89.01 112.07 87.94 20.00% Budget 'C' 6.67 9.55 8.30 8.17 1.86% Sub-total (ii) 69.41 98.56 120.37 96.11 21.86% Debt heads 73.78 45.80 43.68 54.42 12.37% Total expenditure 397.28 435.82 485.96 439.68 100.00%

Source: Budget 2000-2001 and Accounts Department of SMK-MC 4.7 The growth in the revenue income from year 1998-1999 to 1999-2000 was 30%,

whereas in the subsequent year, the revenue income increased only by 9%. The higher rate of growth in the year 1999-2000 could be due to the impact of the revisions in the rates of taxes done by the Corporation immediately after formation. In the subsequent year, i.e. 2000-2001, the rate of growth of revenue income stabilized to 9%. Share of the

1 Details of income and expenditure on revenue and capital account are presented in Appendix G. 2 Debt heads are un-adjusted deposits and advances both for receipts and payments.




62

capital income in the total income of the Corporation is very negligible both in case of Budget A and C.

4.8 As regards expenditure, the revenue expenditure indicated an average growth of 13%

during the period 1998-1999 to 2000-2001, whereas, during the same period the capital expenditure grew at an average rate of 32%.

C. Revenue Account 4.9 Over the period under review, the corporation could consistently achieve revenue

account surplus in Budget 'A'. Revenue income of Rs.255.58 million generated in the year 1998-1999, increased to Rs.359.76 million in year 2000-2001 with average growth rate of 19%. Revenue expenditure during this period increased from Rs.180.06 million to Rs.201.81 million, thus registering a growth of 12%. (Refer Tables 4.2 and 4.5).

Revenue income. 4.10 SMK-MC generates its revenue income from property tax, octroi, income from own

property, income from fees and other miscellaneous sources. In addition to taxes, charges and fees for the services, the Corporation also receives revenue grants from the Government.

Table 4.2: Summary of revenue income

Income groups 1998-99

1999-00

2000-01

Average Share

(Rs. Million) (%) Income from taxes Property tax General tax 31.32 38.28 36.04 35.21 Water supply benefit tax 2.18 4.34 4.97 3.83 Sewerage benefit tax 2.90 5.68 6.47 5.02 Education tax - MC 2.88 3.51 3.43 3.27 Road tax 0.74 1.41 1.58 1.24 Firefighting tax 0.72 1.69 1.58 1.33 Tree tax 1.09 1.55 1.65 1.43 Sub-total (i) 41.83 56.46 55.72 51.33 17% Octroi 157.80 184.11 217.76 186.56 59% Income from property 0.32 0.30 0.66 0.43 - Health tax 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 - Sub-total (1) 199.96 240.89 274.16 238.34 76% Income from properties 14.81 18.57 21.09 18.15 6% Grants 34.99 61.94 44.11 47.01 15% Miscellaneous income 5.81 5.78 20.40 10.66 3% Total Revenue Income 255.57 327.18 359.76 314.16 100%




63

4.11 The composition of revenue income is explained below:

(a) Income from taxes. The Corporation generates income from various taxes and duties and also from the fees charged for the services provided. These incomes are clubbed under the head of income from taxes. These include property tax, octroi, income from property, grants and other miscellaneous income.

i Property tax. Property tax is one of the major components of the taxes

levied by the Corporation. Average income from the property tax is 11.6% of the total revenue income under Budget 'A'. Share of property tax in revenue income is 17%. Property tax is levied as per the provisions of the Section 127(1) of the Act. The basis for the property tax valuation is the Annual Rateable Value

(ALV)10. The ALV is determined on the basis of the principles of 'standard

rent'. The property tax consists of the components as mentioned in the following

table. Table 4.3: Components of the property tax

Component % of ALV General tax 22% Water supply benefit tax 3% Sewerage tax 5% Sewerage benefit tax 4% Education tax 2% Road tax 1% Fire fighting tax 1% Tree tax 1% Education tax * 2% to 12% Employment guarantee tax * (on commercial properties only)

3%

Total property tax 39% to 44% Note: * taxes are collected on behalf of Government of Maharashtra for which the Corporation receives

commission. Out of these components, revenue from the sewerage tax is allocated to

Budget 'C' for the sewerage operations and considered as income of sewerage services. The sewerage benefit tax and water supply benefit tax revenue is not allocated to Budget 'C' and is treated as a part of the revenue income in Budget11 'A'. However, considering the provisions of the Act, it appear to be possible to allocate these taxes to Budget 'C' in case water

10 In case of SMK-MC instead of ARV, the term Annual Letable Value (ALV) is used. 11 According to the Section 129 of the BPMC Act, the Corporation, in addition to water tax and sewerage tax, can

levy additional water benefit tax and sewerage benefit tax as a part of property tax to meeting the whole or part of the expenditure incurred or to be incurred on the capital works of water supply and sewerage facilities respectively.




64

supply and sewerage operations are separated from the Corporation. The current ALV was last revised in the year 1992 in Sangli and Miraj.

Before the merger, Kupwad was a Gram Panchayat and hence property tax was not applicable. The Corporation, at present, is in the process of revising the ALV and standard rents. For this purpose a survey of the properties has been undertaken and the properties are grouped into following groups depending on their year of construction:

i. before 1971; ii. between 1972 to 1992; iii. between 1993 to 1997; and, iv. after 1998.

For deciding the standard rent, the Corporation has divided the entire city

area into 30 zones. Out of these, Sangli and Kupwad each have 9 zones and 12 zones are in Miraj. The standard rates for these zones are decided depending on the development of the area and market rates. The sanction of the Standing Committee for these standard rents is yet to be obtained.

The property tax bills as per the new assessment will be sent to the property

owners after February 15, 2002 onwards. The bills sent for the year 2001-2002 are prepared at the old rates and will be treated as provisional bills. It is reported that the likely increase in the revenue from the property tax will be approximately 25%.

The property tax bills are generally sent to the consumers in the month of

October-November. However, for delayed payment or non payment there is no penalty. The collection performance of the property tax has therefore been on a lower side, as seen in the following table.

Table 4.4: Collection performance of property tax

Particulars 1998-1999 1999-2000 2000-2001 (Rs. Million) Opening balance / arrears * 50.0 42.0 39.0 Current demand 47.0 68.0 48.6 Total demand 97.0 110.0 87.6 Recovery 55.0 71.0 48.0 Closing arrears 42.0 39.0 39.6 Collection performance (%) 57% 65% 55%

Source: The Assessor and Collector of Taxes, SMK-MC * Note: Estimated arrears from Government and arrears due to court cases amounting to Rs. 1.5 million are not

included in the above figures

It is reported that, about 20% of the property owners pay their bills on their own within the prescribed time limit. For recovery of tax from the remaining 80% property owners, the Corporation's staff has to make considerable efforts. Some kind of incentives (concessions for early payment) or penalty (for late/non-payment) incentives in the property tax




65

collection system may improve the collection performance. ii. Octroi. Octroi is the main revenue earner for the Corporation. The share of

octroi in the total income of the Corporation is 42.1% and that in revenue income is 59%. After formation of the Corporation, the first schedule of octroi was introduced on January 1, 2000. On certain items, octroi is charged on weight basis, while on others it is charged on percentage basis. The rates of octroi vary from 0.5% to 6%12. There are 28 octroi check-posts around the Corporation limits which are manned by 186 persons in all the three shifts.

Between 1998-1999 and 2000-2001, income from octroi rose by an average

17.5% (Rs.157.8 million to Rs. 217.76 million). It is reported that the Corporation is planning to re-classify the octroi schedule and rationalise the octroi rates. Due to economic slow down, the income from octroi does not indicate an increase.

iii. Income from theatre and show taxes. The Corporation has earned an annual

income from theatre and show taxes and advertisement taxes to the tune of Rs.428,000 (average) during the last three years. This income has increased at on average rate of 57.2% mainly due to a revision in the tax rates.

(b) Income from municipal properties and fees. The Corporation generates income

from the properties owned and rented out. Similarly, there are other components of income from integrated city development scheme, fees and other miscellaneous income, which is grouped under this head. The share of such income in the total income13 is 4%. The share of this income in revenue income is 6%.

(c) Income from grants. The Corporation receives revenue grants from the

Government and other sources. Out of the grants received from the Government, the major share is of dearness allowance grant. Other government grants include grants for the construction and maintenance of the roads, share in entertainment tax, grants for family welfare centres at Sangli and Miraj and for urban health scheme. Other grants include grants received from the Police Department for providing traffic facilities etc. The share of grants in total income of the Corporation is 10.6% and in revenue income it is 15%. The revenue grants received from the government have increased at the rate of 24% over the period under the review. This appears to be mainly due to increase in the dearness allowance grants.

(d) Miscellaneous income. This component of the revenue income includes income

from interest on the deposits (funds invested by the Corporation), interest on loans given by the Corporation, cartage and gutter fees, income of sale of scrap, sale of voters lists, birth and date certificate fees, income from library etc. The income under this head as reported for the year 2000-2001 is Rs. 20.39 million as compared to the previous years income of Rs. 5.78 million. The substantial rise

12 Maximum rate of 12% octroi is on Gutka (chewing tobacco). 13 Total income is revenue plus capital income in Budget A and C.




66

could be due to the rise in the income from interest on the funds invested by the Corporation and receipts from the telephone department. The share of this component in the total income is only 2.4% and in revenue income it is 3%.

Revenue expenditure. 4.12 Items of revenue expenditure consist of expenditure incurred on the establishment and

operations of the departments that provide various kinds of services to the citizens. This includes expenditure on general administration of the Corporation, octroi, property tax, pension, fire fighting services, public health services, public gardens and town planning works, educational services etc14. Total revenue expenditure of the Corporation in the year 1998-1999 was Rs. 180.06 million, which rose to Rs.225.82 million in the year 2000-2001 thus registering a growth rate of 12%.

The Corporation follows a practice of reporting revenue expenditure in different groups

in the budget report. The summary of expenditures as reported in different groups in the Budget 2000-2001 is summarised in Table 4.5.

Table 4.5: Summary of revenue expenditure

Expenditure group 1998-99 (Actual)

1999-00 (Actual)

2000-01 (Actual)

Average Share

(Rs. Million) (%) Group** - A (General administration, audit department, secretarial, octroi, property tax, refunds, pension, provident fund interest etc.)

43.62

68.70

75.02

62.45

31% Group - B (Fire fighting and electrical departments)

19.84

20.79

21.79

20.81

10%

Group - C (Public health, workshop, medical services, public gardens and works, town planning and development)

90.69

85.74

94.06

90.16

45% Group - D (Education, Montessori, library, women and child welfare, backward class committee, city development committee)

11.25

18.21

27.34

18.93

9% Group - E (Other expenses)

0.40

0.00

0.30

0.23

-

Group - F (Miscellaneous expenses)

13.15

5.07

5.84

8.02

4%

Group - M (Property department)

1.11

1.00

1.47

1.20

1%

Total Revenue Expenditure 180.06 199.51 225.82 201.80 100% Note: ** Grouping of expenditure heads as presented in Budget 2000-2001.

14 Head-wise details of the revenue expenditure are presented in Appendix G.




67

It is seen that the departments/functions covered in Group A and C have maximum

share in the revenue expenditure of the Corporation. Group A covers expenditure on salary and general administration whereas Group C pertains to the expenditure relating to the obligatory services provided the Corporation.

Revenue surplus. 4.13 The total revenue income of the Corporation (Budget 'A' and 'C') was Rs.309.74 million

in the year 1998-99 which increased to Rs.437.88 million in the year 2001-02 thus registering an average growth of 19% per annum. During the same period, total revenue expenditure increased at an average rate of 13% per annum from Rs.254.09 million in the year 1998-1999 to Rs. 321.91 million in the year 2001-2002. The debt servicing (interest + repayment)15 during these years accounted for less than a 1% share in the total revenue expenditure. This indicates that most of the investments (capital expenditure) have been undertaken with internal accruals or grants.

Table 4.6: Revenue surplus / deficit

Details 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 Average (Rs. Million) Revenue Income Budget 'A' 255.58 327.16 359.76 314.17 Budget 'C' 54.16 75.91 78.12 69.39 Sub-total (i) 309.74 403.07 437.88 383.56 Revenue Expenditure Budget 'A' 180.06 199.53 225.82 201.80 Budget 'C' 74.03 91.93 96.09 87.35 Sub-total (ii) 254.09 291.46 321.91 289.15 Surplus / (Deficit) Budget 'A' 75.52 127.63 133.94 112.37 Budget 'C' (19.87) (16.02) (17.97) (17.96) Net Surplus / (Deficit) 55.65 111.61 115.97 94.41

Note: Opening balances of revenue income are ignored in the above table and revenue and expenditure pertaining to the respective years only are compared.

4.14 The average revenue surplus generated by Budget 'A' is Rs. 112.37 million which is

36% of the average annual revenue income of Rs. 314.17 million. The Corporation, over these years, has consistently generated revenue surplus from Budget 'A'. However, in Budget 'C', the water supply and sewerage operations have resulted in revenue deficit during all the three years under review. This indicates that the operations of water supply and sewerage services are dependent on the Budget 'A' for financial support.

4.15 Average annual deficit generated by Budget 'C' is Rs. 17.96 million. This is 15% of

average annual revenue surplus (Rs. 112.37 million) generated by Budget 'A'.

15 Details of the present loans of the Corporation are presented later in this Chapter.




68

D. Capital Account 4.16 Expenditure on capital account covers investments for capital works and development

of assets. As mentioned above, these investments are mainly funded out of transfers from the revenue surplus, government grants and borrowings. The capital income and expenditure performance under Budgets 'A' and 'C' is presented in Table 4.7.

Capital Income 4.17 The sources of capital income, as indicated in Budget 'A', are only government and

other grants. However, it is evident from Table 4.7 that these grants are not sufficient to meet the expenditure. There are other sources like transfers from general fund (revenue surplus) and term loans, which are used for funding the expenditure.

Table 4.7: Capital account performance

Details 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 Average (Rs. Million) Capital income Budget 'A' 0.41 0.05 0.09 0.18 Budget 'C' 0.01 0.27 0.20 0.16 Sub-total (i) 0.42 0.32 0.29 0.34 Capital expenditure Budget 'A' 62.74 89.01 112.07 87.94 Budget 'C' 6.67 9.55 8.30 8.17 Sub-total (ii) 69.41 98.56 120.37 96.11 Surplus / Deficit Budget 'A' (62.33) (88.96) (111.98) (87.76) Budget 'C' (6.66) (9.28) (8.10) (8.01) Net surplus / Deficit (68.99) (98.24) (120.08) (95.77)

Source: Budget 2000-2001 and Accounts Department of SMK-MC 4.18 Other sources of funding of the capital expenditure are as mentioned below.

(a) Internal resources. As mentioned earlier, the Corporation transfers its revenue surplus (after meeting establishment and operations and maintenance expenditure of various services) to the funds established for specific purposes. These funds are established as per the provisions of the Act. Separate bank accounts are maintained for each of these funds. Surplus amount is invested in fixed deposits to take advantage of better interest rates. The funds in operation and balances as on 31st January 2001 appear in Table 4.8 below:




69

Table 4.8: Municipal corporation funds

Name of the fund Amount

(Rs. Million) 1. General fund 72.46 2. Pension fund 1.76 3. Salary reserve fund 18.17 4. Provident fund 54.19 5. Cremation fund 0.50 6. 10th Finance Commission fund 11.81 7. ICDS scheme fund 10.50 8. Depreciation fund 0.40 9. Development fund 6.51 10. Suvarna Jayanti urban employment scheme fund 11.46 11. Slum improvement programme fund 0.49 Total 188.25

Source: Budget 2000-2001

(b) Borrowings. The Corporation has borrowed funds from LIC and the Government of Maharashtra for investment in water supply scheme and purchase of fire fighting equipment respectively, as shown below:

Table 4.9: Details of loans

Agency Purpose of Loan

Date of Loan

Loan Amount

Interest Rate

Period (years)

(Rs. mllion) (%0 (Years) LIC Water supply 30/3/79 5.00 8.5 22 LIC Water supply 1/4/80 3.30 8.5 22 LIC Water supply 12/8/81 7.90 8.5 22 LIC Water supply 1/4/84 3.10 8.5 22 GoM Fire fighting N.A. 1.15 12 20 GoM IUDP N.A. 4.23 11 20 GoM IUDP N.A. 7.00 11 20

Note: LIC - Life Insurance Corporation of India, GoM - Government of Maharashtra IUDP - Integrated Urban Development Program

Balance amounts of these loans as on 31-1-2001 are as mentioned below:

i. LIC - Rs. 3.79 million ii. GoM - Rs. 11.26 million




70

Capital Expenditure 4.19 Break-up of capital expenditure is as below16. Table 4.10: Details of capital expenditure

Particulars 1998-1999 1999-2000 2000-2001 Average Share (Rs. Million) (%) Budget 'A' Town planning 12.10 4.98 6.00 7.69 Building schemes 7.80 14.75 9.90 10.82 Other scheme 42.76 36.79 37.91 39.15 Ward Committees 0.08 32.49 58.26 30.28 Sub total (a) 62.74 89.01 112.07 87.94 91.5% Budget 'C' Water supply 6.67 5.43 5.27 5.79 6.0% Sewerage 0.00 4.12 3.03 2.38 2.5% Sub-total (b) 6.67 9.55 8.30 8.17 8.5% Total (a+b) 69.41 98.56 120.37 96.11 100.0%

4.20 Thus, as the above figures reveal, 91.5% of the capital expenditure is incurred on the

services covered in Budget 'A' (other than water supply and sewerage). The share of water supply and sewerage services in total capital expenditure is 6% and 2.5%, respectively.

E. Financial Status 4.21 It is thus clear that the capital income (as presented in the Budget) is not sufficient to

meet the capital expenditure. The extent to which the surplus generation on revenue account (after meeting the revenue expenditure) is sufficient for financing the capital expenditure, can be studied from the following table.

Table 4.11: Summarised financial status

Details 1998-1999 1999-2000 2000-2001 (Rs. Million) 1. Opening balance 15.10 12.10 35.32 2. Surplus / (Deficit) on revenue account 55.65 111.61 115.97 3. Debt Heads - (Income) 84.12 55.65 38.94 4. Debt Heads - (Expenditure) 73.78 45.80 43.68 5. Surplus / (Deficit) on capital account (68.99) (98.24) (120.08) Net Surplus / (Deficit) (1+2+3-4-5) 12.10 35.32 26.47

4.22 It can be seen that the Corporation generated net surplus of Rs.35.32 million in the year

1999-2000, approximately three times the surplus generated in the year 1998-1999. The main reason could be the impact of additional taxes and duties and revisions in the tax rates introduced after formation of the Corporation. The performance in the subsequent

16 Detailed break-up of the capital expenditure of water supply and sewerage services is presented later in this

chapter.




71

year, however, was not as good as the previous year. The net surplus declined by Rs. 8.85 million in that year (2000-2001). In future, the Corporation will have to make efforts to consistently achieve at least 20% compound growth in the generation of net surplus. This is essential for meeting the demands of the service levels / facilities which are likely to emerge from the growth of the population and expectation of better service.

F. Water Account 4.23 Revenue and expenditure patterns of water supply and sewerage operations are

presented in Budget 'C'17. As illustrated in Table 4.6, the revenue account has been in deficit since 1998-99 to the extent of Rs.17 to 19 million. There is also the capital account deficit as indicated in Table 4.7. Budget 'C' has been receiving transfers from the general budget (Budget 'A') for the past three years.

Revenue Account - Income 4.24 During last three years, the revenue from water sector accounted for more than 95

percent of the revenue income of Budget 'C' and it grew at an average of 23% per annum, as seen in the Table 4.12.

Table 4.12: Details of water supply revenue income Particulars 1998-1999 1999-2000 2000-2001 Average Share

(Rs.Million) (%) Water charges 48.49 68.12 69.32 61.98 95.2 Delayed pay. charges 1.04 2.73 4.14 2.64 4.0 Meter rent 0.07 0.08 0.04 0.06 0.1 Income from repairs 0.21 0.29 0.25 0.25 0.4 Miscellaneous income 0.11 0.14 0.24 0.16 0.3 Total revenue income 49.92 71.36 73.99 65.09 100.0

Sources of income.

4.25 Revenue income of water supply operations is generated from the following sources:

(a) Water charges. Water charges are recovered from the consumers on the basis of actual consumption recorded on meter. If the meter is not working, a fixed charge is applied, assuming minimum consumption based on the size of the connection. This is the single largest source of income that contributes 95% of the total revenue income from water supply operations. Average income from this source is Rs. 61.98 million during the last three years.

(b) Delayed payment charges. If the water charges are not paid within the stipulated

period of 30 days, delayed payment charges are levied on the entire outstanding bill amount at the rate of 1.5% per month (18% per annum). For calculating the delayed payment charges, Sangli and Miraj Water Works follow different methods. In Sangli, such charges are levied only on the outstanding amount of water supply charges and not on the outstanding delayed payment charges. In

17 Appendix G presents income and expenditure pattern of water supply operations




72

Miraj, however, delayed payment charges are levied on the total outstanding amount including unpaid delayed payment charges (compound interest). Average income from delayed payment charges during the last three years was Rs. 2.63 million which constituted 4% of the total revenue income.

(c) Meter rent. Meter rent is charged to the consumers who have installed the

Corporation's meters. However, consumers are now required to purchase their own meters and install the same after obtaining a test certificate from the Corporation. The meter rent is, therefore, charged only to the connections having Corporation's meters. The meter rent is charged at rates given in Table 4.13.

(d) Income from repairs of private connections and miscellaneous income. The

Corporation recovers charges from the consumers for the repairs of private connections. Similarly, there are other miscellaneous income sources like meter testing charges, fitter coolie charges and new connection deposits. The share of revenue under this head is insignificant in total revenue from water supply operations.

Table 4.13: Monthly meter rent

Size of connection Meter rent (mm) (Rs. / month)

15 2.00 20 4.00 25 6.00

38 to 50 10.00 80 12.00

100 16.00 150 20.00

Tariffs

4.26 Water supply tariffs of the Corporation are as mentioned below:

(a) Current tariff. Following tariffs were introduced by SMK-MC with effect from August 1, 1998 under resolution no 539/98-99 dated July 24, 1998. i. Water charges for metered supply (working meters). The water supplied by

metered connection is billed at the rates mentioned in Table 4.14.




73

Table 4.14: Water charges by metered supply

Particulars Rate Within Corporation limits: (Rs./1000 Liters) Domestic use 4.50 Institutional use (Schools, Colleges, Government and

Semi-government Offices, Trusts etc )

8.00 Non-domestic use (Commercial and Industrial) 20.00 Outside Corporation limits: Domestic use 5.50 Non-domestic use 25.00

Subsequent to the above-mentioned notification, tariff rate of Rs.10 per

1,000 litres is introduced for the non-domestic (commercial) category. Rs. 20 per 1,000 litres are charged to the industrial consumers.

ii. Water charges for metered supply (non-working meters). In case of non-

working meters, the charges are levied on the basis of average consumption recorded in the last three bills or Rs.180 (two months) whichever is higher. (For 1/2" connection the amount of Rs.180 is based on the minimum consumption of 40,000 litres) In Miraj, average of last three bills of current year is compared with average of last three bills of the same period of the previous year and higher average among these two is considered for billing.

For working out minimum charges, following minimum consumption is

considered for different sizes of connections. Table 4.15: Schedule of minimum consumption

Connection size Minimum consumption (Inches) (Liters per month)

½ 20,000 ¾ 50,000 1 1,00,000

1.5 1,50,000 2 2,50,000 3 6,00,000 4 12,00,000 6 40,00,000 8 70,00,000

iii. Water charges for non-metered supply. Non-metered supply is only in

Kupwad area. The water charges at a flat rate of Rs.90 per month (Rs.180 for two months) per household are recovered from the consumers in Kupwad area.

iv. Charges for new connections. While applying for the new connection (15

mm), consumer pays Rs.500 towards deposit, Rs.100 as fitting and coolie charges and Rs.10 for meter testing fees. Fitting and coolie charges and




74

meter testing fees are based on the following schedule of rates. v. Fitting and coolie charges. Fitting and coolie charges are levied as per the

following schedule at the time of giving new connection or repairs. Table 4.16: Fitting and coolie charges

Connection size Charges (Inches) (Rs. per day)

½ 50 ¾ 70 1 110 2 250

A minimum amount of Rs.100 is charged for 1/2" connection. vi. Meter testing fee. Before installation of new meters and after the repairs of

old meters, the Corporation tests them in the Meter Repairing Workshop. For this, service charges are levied as mentioned in Table 4.16.

vii. Reconnection charges. Reconnection charges of Rs.100 are levied for

reconnecting the disconnected connection. Table 4.17: Meter testing fees

Connection size Meter testing fee (Inches) (Rs. per test)

½ 10 ¾ 20 1 40 2 100 3 200 4 400 6 1,000

viii. Temporary connection. The Corporation gives temporary connections to

exhibitions, circus, contractors etc. The rates of security deposits levied for such connections are as mentioned below. The water supply is charged for actual consumption by installing meters.

Table 4.18: Schedule of security deposit

Connection size Security Deposit (Inches) (Rs.)

½ 1,000 ¾ 1,500 1 2,000

ix. Standpost supply Supply of water by standpost is free.




75

(b) Past tariff. The water tariffs mentioned above were introduced after formation of

SMK-MC. These are not yet revised.

However, in case of Miraj, before formation of the Corporation, water supply was managed by Maharashtra Jeevan Pradhikarn, which had different tariff schedules. The details of tariffs applicable at that time were as below:

i. Metered supply Water charges for the metered supply were -

Domestic retail supply Rs. 4.75 per 1,000 Litres Institutional retail supply Rs. 9.55 per 1,000 Litres

ii. Minimum charges for non-working metered connections. Minimum charges

for the non-working metered connections were as indicated in the Table 4.19.

Table 4.19: Minimum charges for non-working metered connections, charged by MJP

Diameter of connection

Retail domestic supply per

connection per month

Institutional supply per connection per

month

Non-domestic supply per

connection per month

(mm) (Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.) 15 46 97 228 20 83 193 457 25 183 388 914 32 275 580 1,372 40 373 770 1,828 50 458 963 2,285 65 593 1,254 2,973

iii. Minimum charges for non-metered connections. Following charges were

applicable for the non-metered connections in Miraj. Table 4.20: Minimum charges for non-metered connections, charged by MJP

Diameter of connection

Flat rate for domestic supply

per connection per month

Flat rate for Institutional supply per connection per

month

Flat rate for non-domestic supply

per connection per month

(mm) (Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.) 15 105 213 543 20 213 427 1,198 25 427 854 2,169

iv. Stand-post supply. Minimum charge for un-metered public standpost was

Rs.550 per month per standpost




76

Revenue Account - Expenditure

4.27 Revenue expenditure, as presented in the Budget, is grouped in the following maner for

further analysis18.

(a) Staff cost; (b) Maintenance and repairs (M&R); (c) Power and fuel; (d) Water treatment and chemicals; (e) Raw water purchase; and, (f) Administrative costs.

4.28 Summary of revenue expenditure on water supply operations is presented in the

following Table 4.21 and Figure 4.1. Table 4.21: Details of water supply revenue expenditure

Particulars 1998-1999 1999-2000 2000-2001 Average Share (Rs. Million) (%) Staff cost 13.02 17.26 17.10 15.79 22% Maintenance & Repair 1.59 3.47 2.93 2.66 3% Power and fuel 30.49 38.48 36.07 35.01 50% Water treatment 2.36 3.18 1.37 2.30 4% Raw water purchase 11.97 15.44 22.46 16.63 20% Administrat. expenses 0.65 0.86 1.29 0.94 1% Total expenditure 60.08 78.69 81.22 73.33 100.0

Figure 4.1 Composition of cost components of water supply operations

4.29 The analysis reveals that,

(a) Revenue expenditure shows a growth of 17% per year over a period of three years of analysis. The average growth of expenditure, at 17%, is lower than the growth of revenue income, which has registered 24% growth. Expenditure on

18 Refer Appendix G for details of revenue expenditure

Power

50%

Staff

22%

Raw Water

20%

M&R

3%

Chem.

4%

Admin.

1%

Power Staff Raw Water M&R Chem. Admin.




77

maintenance and repairs, raw water purchase and administration has increased at a rate greater than that average growth rate.

(b) Charges on power and fuel account for a major share (50%) of the total revenue

expenditure. This component is very sensitive because any hike in the power tariffs would result in increase in the total revenue expenditure. Considering the possibility of revision in power tariffs by the Maharashtra State Electricity Board, it is essential to keep watch on this item of expenditure.

(c) Staff cost also forms a major portion of the total expenditure (22%). If the salary

scales are revised, the staff cost is likely to escalate further.

(d) Raw water purchase (20% of water costs) is also one of the major factors contributing to the total cost. The Government of Maharashtra has recently proposed hike in water charges supplied to the local bodies by the Irrigation Department. This is expected to increase the burden on the total cost.

(e) By controlling the expenditure on these three major components (power, staff and

raw water), 90% of the revenue expenditure on the water supply can be controlled.

(f) Other costs like M&R, chemicals and administration cost are 8% of the total

costs. However, in the efforts of controlling the overall cost within the desired limits, these costs need also to be monitored.

Operating ratio

4.30 Operating ratio is used as an indicator to examine whether the revenue income from the

services is adequate to cover the operating costs (excluding debt servicing and depreciation). It is a ratio of annual O&M cost divided by total annual billing. In case of SMK-MC, the operating ratios for the years under review work out as indicated below:

Table 4.22: Operating ratio (water supply)

Particulars 1998-1999 1999-2000 2000-2001 Average (Rs. Million) Revenue Income 49.93 71.36 73.99 65.10 Revenue Expenditure 60.08 78.69 81.22 73.33 (Times) Operating Ratio 1.20 1.10 1.10 1.13

4.31 The operating ratio improved in the year 1999-2000 and remained at the same level in

the subsequent year also. However, the ratio indicates that income generated from the water supply operations is not sufficient to generate adequate revenue surplus to finance the operating expenses and also contribute towards the capital expenditure.

4.32 If the Corporation intends to make the water supply operations financially sustainable,

water supply tariffs will need revision. Moreover, as indicated above, additional burden due to rise in the costs like power and raw water charges is likely to have adverse impact on the financial status of the water supply operations.




78

Capital Account - Income 4.33 In the Budget reports, the Corporation has not reported any capital income since 1998-

1999.

Capital Account - Expenditure 4.34 For the purpose of analysis, individual expenditure heads listed in the Budget19 as

capital expenditure are grouped as below:

(a) Civil works; (b) Purchase and laying of pipe lines; (c) Augmentation / expansion of facilities / new schemes; (d) Purchase of equipment and material; and (e) Other expenses.

Summary of capital expenditure incurred during the period under review is presented in

the following table. Table 4.23: Details of water supply capital expenditure

Particulars 1998-1999 1999-2000 2000-2001 Average Share (Rs. Million) (%) Civil works 0.00 0.00 0.77 0.26 4 Pipe lines 2.06 3.84 2.61 2.83 49 Expan. / new schemes 3.98 0.84 1.37 2.07 36 Equip. and material 0.62 0.75 0.52 0.63 11 Total expenditure 6.66 5.43 5.27 5.79 100.0

4.35 It can be seen that, the expenditure on purchase and laying of pipelines, expansions and

implementation of new schemes are the main groups covering 85% share of the total capital expenditure on water account. The total expenditure, however, shows decreasing trend over the three year period.

Collection performance

4.36 Collection performance is expressed in terms of ratio of recovery and demand. It

indicates the efficiency of the agency in recovering the arrears and the demands raised for the services provided to the consumers. Collection performance of Sangli (including Kupwad and Wanleswadi) and Miraj is analysed on the basis of the available data for the years 1998-1999 through 2000-2001.

4.37 The information required for assessing the collection performance is collected from the

Water Works of Sangli and Miraj. It was noticed that the methods of keeping records of the billing and collection are different in Miraj Water Works and Sangli Water Works. The formats used for the analysis of collection performance of Sangli and Miraj water

19 The details of capital expenditure are presented in Appendix G.




79

supply operations are, therefore, different20. 4.38 Analysis of collection performance is done on two parameters, viz. current demand and

total outstanding.

(a) Sangli water works. Analysis of collection performance of Sangli water supply operations (which includes Kupwad and Wanleswadi water supply also).

Table 4.24: Collection performance - Sangli

Particulars 1998-1999 1999-2000 2000-2001 (Rs. Million) Demand Arrears 38.53 38.64 39.22 Current demand 36.31 40.73 41.43 Total demand 74.84 79.37 80.65 Recovery Arrears 12.77 14.71 13.89 Current demand 23.49 25.44 24.48 Total recovery 36.26 40.15 38.37 Closing balance Arrears 25.76 23.93 25.33 Current demand 12.82 15.29 16.95 Closing balance 38.58 39.22 42.28 Collection performance Current demand 65% 62% 59% Total demand 48% 51% 48%

Note: (1) Arrears include balance recovery of Rs.25.00 million balance recovery from villages (2) Demand and recovery figures are inclusive of Kupwad area

Comparison of ratio of current demand reveals that the recovery is gradually

slowing down over the years, while recovery of total demand has more or less remained at the same level. However, the collection performance is, in general, not satisfactory and needs considerable improvement.

(b) Miraj water works. In Miraj water works since the information for the year 2000-

2001 is not yet compiled, the analysis is done only for two years viz. 1998-1999 and 1999-2000. Water supply operations of Miraj were managed by the MJP before formation of SMK-MC. After merger, the outstanding arrears of water supply managed by MJP were also transferred to Miraj Water Works of SMK-MC. The figures mentioned in the Appendix G for the year 1998-1999 cover period from October 1998 to March 1999. Opening arrears of Rs.26.66 million pertain to MJP, which include arrears of Rs.16.52 million of domestic supply and Rs.10.14 million of industrial supply. Collection performance is summarized and presented in the Table 4.25.

20 The details of collection performance of Sangli and Miraj water works are presented in Appendix G.




80

Table 4.25: Collection performance - Miraj

1998-1999 1999-2000 Details Domestic Industrial Total Domestic Industrial Total

(Rs. Million) Demand Arrears 16.52 10.14 26.66 16.67 10.37 27.04 Current 11.89 4.58 16.47 24.45 11.76 36.21 Total 28.41 14.72 43.13 41.12 22.13 63.25 Recovery** 11.74 4.35 16.09 20.73 9.27 30.00 Closing balance 16.67 10.37 27.04 20.39 12.86 33.25 Collection performance

41%

30%

37%

50%

42%

47%

** Details of recovery against current demand and against arrears are not available separately, hence collection performance of current demand is not worked out.

Comparison of ratio of current demand reveals that the collection performance of both

domestic and industrial water supply has improved in the year 1999-2000 as compared to the year 1998-1999. However, the collection performance of total demand is not satisfactory and needs considerable improvement.

G. Billing and Collection Procedure 4.39 Major activities involved in the procedure of billing and collection for water supply

services are presented in the Figure 4.2 and are described below: Meter Reading21 4.40 Sangli and Miraj water works follow different procedures for meter reading as described

in the following paragraphs.

(a) Sangli water works. In Sangli, meter reading is done bi-monthly between 20th day of previous month and 5th of next month. The distribution of areas for meter reading and allocation of work is summarised in the Table 4.26.

21 For formats of forms and registers used in various procedures refer Appendix F.




81

Table 4.26: Schedule for meter reading in Sangli

Sr.No Meter Reader Area Connections Months of billing 1 Meter Reader-1 Khan Bhag - 1 1,347 9,11,1,3,5,7 Meter Reader-1 Khan Bhag - 2 1,509 10,12,2,4,6,8 2 Meter Reader-2 Gaon Bhag - 1 1,250 9,11,1,3,5,7 Meter Reader-3 Gaon Bhag - 2 1,293 10,12,2,4,6,8 3 Meter Reader-2 Peth Bhag - 1 1,200 9,11,1,3,5,7 Meter Reader-2 Sangliwadi 1,266+355 10,12,2,4,6,8 4 Meter Reader-4 Shivajinagar - 1 1,202 9,11,1,3,5,7 Meter Reader-4 Shivajinagar - 2 1,600 10,12,2,4,6,8 5 Meter Reader-4 Miraj Road - 1 2,250 9,11,1,3,5,7 Meter Reader-5 Miraj Road - 2 500 10,12,2,4,6,8 6 Meter Reader-5 Miraj Road - 2 1,393 9,11,1,3,5,7 Meter Reader-6 Miraj Road - 3 1,300 10,12,2,4,6,8 7 Meter Reader-7 Vakhar Bhag - 1 2,500 9,11,1,3,5,7 Meter Reader-7 Vakhar Ind.Estate 10,12,2,4,6,8 8 Meter Reader-8 Vakhar Bhag - 2 2,500 9,11,1,3,5,7 Meter Reader-8 Abhaynagar 10,12,2,4,6,8 9 Meter Reader-9 Miraj Road - 4 2,600 9,11,1,3,5,7 Meter Reader-10 Kupwad,

Wanleswadi 10,12,2,4,6,8

Allocation of number of meters to the meter readers is done according to the

meters density in the area. On a daily basis the Meter Reading Registers are sent to computer agency for data entry. From April 1, 1997 use of manual Demand Register has been discontinued and the Demand Registers are now computerised. There are 12 Demand Registers.

(b) Miraj water works. In Miraj water works, the Water Rate Section undertakes

meter reading work. For the management of meter reading work, the area is divided into 4 wards and work is allocated to meter readers as mentioned below.

i. A ward ..4 meter readers ii. B ward ..2 meter readers iii. C ward ..3 meter readers iv. D ward ..2 meter readers v. A&B wards ..1 additional meter reader

Meter reading work is completed between the 1st and 10th day of every month.

Each meter reader reads about 1000 meters during that period. The routes or locations of the sites are decided according to the areas. Readings of the meters are recorded in Reading Register, a format of which is given in Appendix F. From the Reading Register, information is posted in the Meter Reading Registers maintained in the Section. In this register, actual consumption of water is worked out. This work takes another 10 days. These registers are then handed over to the computer agency for data entry and printing of the bills.




82

Figure 4.2: Procedure for billing and collection of water charges

METER READING PROCDURE

Meter Reader Update Meter Reading Books by

adding / noting new connections /

cut connections

Meter Reader • Visit sites and record meter

reading

• Report problems / illegal

connections, if any

Meter Reader • Add meter readings in Demand

Registers maintained by

private (computer) agency

(Sangli)

• Update Demand Registers

manually (Miraj)

Private (Computer) Agency • Add readings to master data

base on the basis of Meter

Reading Books (Sangli) /

Demand Registers (Miraj)

• Print bills

Meter Reading / Billing Section • Check bills received from

agency and make entries in Bill

Register (Miraj)

• Sign the bills and arrange for

distribution area-wise

• Distribute the bills to

consumers

BILLING AND COLLECTION PROCEDURE

Consumer • Payment of bills within 30 days

at the collection centers / Bank

Billing Section Record receipts in by private

(computer) agency (Sangli) and in

Bills Registers and subsequently

in computer data base (Miraj)

Maintenance of Records

• Meter Reading Books

(Sangli / Miraj)

• Demand Registers

(Manual - at Miraj)

• Demand Registers

• (Computerised at Sangli)

• Bill Registers (Miraj)

Monitoring, supervision and follow-up

Meter Reading • Monitor average billing in

case of non-working

meteres

• Take action against

illegal connections

Billing • Random checking of

meter reading and billing

• Follow-up of outstanding

bills

• Attend to the consumer

complaints regarding

billing Billing Section • Initiate action for disconnection

in case of non-payment of bills




83

Bill Preparation. 4.41 Sangli and Miraj water works follow different procedures for bill preparation.

(a) Sangli water works. Bills are processed within 8 days by the computer agency. The printed bills are given to the meter readers for their signature and fixing rubber stamp of signature of Water Works Engineer. Demand register is printed after all the bills are printed and ready for delivery

(b) Miraj water works. Consumption data is entered by the computer agency on the

basis of the meter reading registers updated by the meter readers. After processing, the bills are printed by 28th of the month and handed over to the ledger clerks. Ledger clerks maintain bill accounting registers22. It is a demand register in which the details of the consumption, billing and recovery are entered. Bills are then handed over to the meter readers for checking and signing.

Delivery and Collection of Bills. 4.42 Delivery of Bills. The bills are delivered to the consumers personally by Khalasis23

after 10th of every month. In Sangli this work is distributed among 10 Khalasis. In Miraj there are 9 employees for distribution of the bills.

4.43 Collection of Bills. The process of collection of bills involves following activities.

(a) For collection of payment of water supply bills, Sangli and Miraj Water Works operate collection counters. In Miraj, only cash payment is accepted on the counter. In addition to these counters, payment is also accepted in the branches of Vasantdada Shetkari Sahakari Bank in Sangli and Miraj. Payment by cheque is accepted only if amount is more than Rs.500.

(b) Water supply bill is printed in three parts. One part is retained by the billing

section as office copy. Out of the remaining two parts, after accepting the payment, one part is given to the consumer as a receipt. Third part is returned by collection counter / Bank to the billing section. The bank sends such parts after every 10 days. For the cash received on the cash counter, handwritten receipts are issued.

(c) The counterfoils received from the bank are given to the computer agency for data

entry of the payment received. (d) Cashier prepares challans of daily cash receipts and deposits the cash in the Head

Office along with challans. Similarly, challans for the amount received in the banks are also prepared.

22 Refer Appendix F 23 Khalasis are labourers deployed to undertake unskilled work.




84

(e) Cashier maintains scroll register to record daily receipts. This is a columnar

register in which receipts for different account heads are entered. Summary of daily collection is entered in the daily collection register giving details of various taxes/charges collected by cheques or by cash and against current demand or old outstanding. At the end of the month, totals of receipts are tallied with the records in the Accounts Department.

(f) In addition, the cashier maintains miscellaneous receipts register, deposit register

and cheque register to record the receipts of fitter and coolie charges, various deposits and cheques received on the counter.

Delayed Payment 4.44 In case the consumers do not pay the bills within the stipulated period of 30 days,

delayed payment charges are levied on the outstanding bill amount. The charges are 18% per annum or 1.5% per month. The methods of charging the delayed payment charges are different in Sangli and Miraj. In Sangli, the delayed payment charges are charged only on the amount of the balance water charges amount (simple interest) whereas in Miraj, such charges are calculated on outstanding water charges plus outstanding interest also (compound interest).

Disconnection and Reconnection 4.45 Disconnection. If more than 3 bills remain unpaid, a notice is served to the consumer

for disconnection of his water supply connection. A period of 30 days is given to the consumer for payment of the dues. If the dues are not received then the list of such consumers is handed over to the inspection section for initiating the action of disconnection. If the payment is not received, the connection is permanently disconnected. The meter reader notes remarks of disconnection on the meter reading registers and demand registers. In Sangli 380 connections are cut whereas in Miraj the number of non-working (cut) connections is 2,275. Inspection section maintains a register of permanently disconnected connections24.

4.46 Reconnection. Connection is restored after payment of the dues and reconnection

charges of Rs.100 by the consumer. Consumer is required to submit an application for restoration of his connection. Only after confirmation of payment of dues by the recovery section, instructions are given to the pipe inspection section to restore the connection. Remarks of restored connection are noted in the demand register and meter reading registers.

Water Supply Connections25 4.47 Analysis of the existing water supply connections, is based on the information compiled

from the meter reading section and water rate section of Sangli and Miraj Water Works respectively, using meter reading registers as the source. There are 36,671 water supply

24 Refer Appendix F for format of Register. 25 Refer Appendix G for details of connections.




85

connections within the Corporation area. Out of these, 24,924 (68%) are managed by Sangli Water Works and 11,742 (32%) by Miraj Water Works. Connections in Kupwad and Wanleswadi are managed by Sangli Water Works. The information on connection is further grouped according to the consumer category, ward (area) and sizes.

(a) Consumer categories. For the billing purpose, water supply consumers are

categorised in the following groups:

i. Domestic ii. Institutional (Schools, Colleges, Trust, Government and Semi-Government

offices) iii. Non-domestic (covering all other types, commercial and industrial

consumers) iv. Corporation's own connection (Gardens, Fire fighting, etc.)

The details appear in the following table:

Table 4.27: Number of connection as per category of consumers

Consumer category Sangli Miraj Kupwad Total (Number of connections) 1. Domestic 21,755 11,071 1,765 34,591 2. Institutional 183 122 0 305 3. Non-domestic 1,193 369 4 1,566 4. Municipal connections 29 180 0 209 Total Connections 23,160 11,742 1,769 36,67116

It is seen that domestic connections account for 95% of the total connections,

while non-domestic connections, which comprise commercial and industrial connections, are only 4% of the total. This means that there is a limited scope for cross subsidising water supply revenue from the commercial and industrial sectors to other sectors.

Policy Regarding Metered Connections 4.48 Except in Kupawad area, all connections in the Corporation area are metered. All new

connections allotted by the Corporation are also metered. While installing new connection, the consumer is required to purchase his own meter. The Corporation only provides the facility to test the meter. Meters are installed after obtaining test certificate from the Water Works Departments of Sangli / Miraj.

4.49 Earlier the Corporation supplied the meters. However, now this practice is discontinued.

Within the Corporation area, therefore, some customers still have meters supplied by the Corporation (Government meters).

4.50 According to the By-laws, the consumers are responsible for the maintenance of the

meters and keeping them in working condition. However, analysis of the condition of meters (working/non-working) has revealed that most of the consumers do not look after

16 36,160 of these connections are of 1/2" (15 mm) size. Refer Appendix G.




86

their meters and a large number of meters are not working. In the entire Corporation area only 34% meters are working17 (only 13% in Sangli and 65% in Miraj). The main reasons for a large number of non-working meters are mentioned below:

(a) Most of the old meters are not accessible. Some of these meters are buried under

ground and some are installed in such places where repairing is not possible. (b) The onus of maintaining meter and keeping it in working condition is on the

consumer. (even if the meter is a government meter). Consumers do not maintain the meters properly. They complain about the meter only if the meter is showing excess reading.

(c) As per the present policy of billing, the Corporation charges Rs.90 per month per

connection if meter is not in working condition. There is no incentive for the consumer to get the meter repaired in the present billing system.

(d) The quality of meters is poor. Due to reaction of chlorine, the gearwheels in the

meters do not function properly. Since the selection of brand of meter is left to consumers, they prefer cheaper quality meter to a good quality meter.

Meter Repairing Workshops at Sangli and Miraj have capacity to undertake repairing

work. This facility can be utilised for keeping the meters in working conditions. For this purpose, policy changes in billing system will be essential.

Quantities Billed by Working and Non-working Meters 4.51 A large number of meters are not working. While actual quantity of water supplied to

the household is billed, where meters are working, the bills are raised on the basis of prescribed minimum consumption, where meters are not working. The average quantity of water supply billed for working and non-working connections is worked out in the following tables.

Table 4.28: Comparison of quantity billed/connection/year in Sangli

Number of Connections Quantity of Water Billed Litres/Connection/ Day Size W NW T W NW T W NW T

(Numbers) (M3) (Litres) 1/2 3,024 19,904 22,928 1,700,856 6,540,432 8,261,288 1,559 900 967

3/4 19 94 113 14,998 62,838 77,836 2,163 1,831 1,887

1 32 65 97 32,736 191,481 224,217 2,803 8,071 6,333

1-1/2 0 1 1 0 3,612 3,612 0 9,896 9,896

2 1 3 4 10,699 30,564 41,263 29,312 27,912 28,262

3 0 5 5 0 261,360 261,360 0 143,211 14,321

4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

6 0 12 12 0 262,680 262,680 0 59,973 59,973

8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Total 3,076 20,084 23,160 1,779,289 7,352,967 9,132,256 1,585 1,003 1,080

17 Appendix G gives area-wise numbers of working and non-working meters.




87

Comparison of supply in Miraj is presented in the following table. Table 4.29: Comparison of billed quantity/connection/year in Miraj

Number of Connections Quantity of Water Billed (m3) Litres / Connection/ Day SizW NW T W NW T W NW T

(Numbers) (M3) (Litres) 1/2 7,703 3,779 11,482 1,759,263 1,318,580 3,077,816 626 956 734

3/4 64 49 113 28,753 72,885 101,638 1,231 4,075 2,464

1 67 38 105 98,449 109,019 207,468 4,026 7,860 5,413

1-1/2 9 7 16 27,760 60,466 88,226 8,451 23,666 15,107

2 11 6 17 41,829 94,415 136,244 10,418 43,112 21,957

3 1 2 3 38,735 90,756 129,491 106,123 124,323 118,257

4 2 1 3 243,855 33,936 277,791 334,048 92,975 253,690

6 1 1 2 137,650 235,608 373,258 377,123 645,501 511,312

8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

9 0 1 1 0 504,544 504,544 0 1,382,312 1,382,312

Total 7,858 3,884 11,742 2,376,267 2,520,209 4,896,476 828 1,778 1,142

H. Key Issues 4.52 Improvements are required in respect of following important aspects.

(a) Collection performance of property tax needs further improvement. (b) Different methods are followed for working out delayed payment charges at

Sangli and Miraj, uniformity requires to be established. (c) Policy of charging flat rate for non-working meters needs to be reviewed. (d) Cost of energy and staff cost needs critical control. (e) Since the beginning the operating ratio of water supply operations is adverse and

the water supply services are not able to generate income to cover operations and maintenance costs.

(f) There is no comprehensive database of water supply connections in Sangli and Miraj

(g) Collection performance needs to be improved. (h) Large number of meters is not working in Sangli and Miraj.


Future Proposals, Investment Plans and Recommendations


88

V. FUTURE PROPOSALS, INVESTMENT PLANS AND

RECOMMENDATIONS 5.1 The existing water supply systems in Sangli and Miraj are quite old. The last organized

effort of augmenting the water supply facilities look place in eighties. Thereafter, except for some extension in pipeline network undertaken by the local bodies through their own funds, no major improvements have taken place. Realizing the need to augment the facilities to meet and future demands, SMK-MC has initiated the efforts of planning the augmentation schemes for Sangli and Miraj and a new scheme for Kupwad. This chapter discusses the realistic demands of the town of the present and future population, assesses the supply position and evaluates the adequacy of the new schemes, which are being planned.

A. Status of Planned Proposals Sangli Water Supply 5.2 Need. The total capacity of the existing water supply scheme is 46 MLD (Hirabag - 16

MLD and Malbunglow - 30 MLD). Maharashtra Jeevan Pradhikaran has prepared a project report on "Improvement to Sangli Water Supply Scheme, Stage V" to take care of the additional demand in coming years and to extend the benefit of the system to areas not covered so far.

5.3 Components of the Augmentation Proposal1. The new scheme is planned to include 5.4 Capital Investment. The augmentation scheme is estimated to cost Rs. 598.19 millions,

which is proposed to be met by Government of Maharashtra grants of Rs. 149.55 millions, loan from Life Insurance Corporation of India of Rs. 141.76 millions and open market borrowing of Rs. 306.88 millions.

(a) New pumps, which be installed in the existing pumphouse for augmenting the

capacity of Hirabag and Malbunglow systems, (b) Raw water pumping mains, (c) Additional water treatment plants of 19 MLD (Hirabag) and 7 MLD

(Malbunglow) capacity, (d) Clear water pumps in Hirabag and Malbunglow water works, (e) Clear water pumping mains, (f) Six new service reservoirs, (g) Additional distribution system, and

1 Details are given in Appendix H. Layout of the system is given in Figure 5.1




89

(h) Miscellaneous works. 5.5 Recurring Cost. Total annual expenditure on operation and maintenance is estimated at

Rs. 390.44 millions and the liability of debt servicing and machinery renewal fund is estimated at Rs. 701.89 millions. Thus the recurring cost will be Rs. 1092.33 millions per year.

5.6 Present Status of the Proposal. The municipal corporation has resolved to accept the

proposals on 2 August, 1999. However, the administrative approval and technical sanction has not been received so far.

Miraj Water Supply 5.7 Need. The capacity of the existing system of 16 MLD is going to fall short of the

demand in coming years. There is a need to replace the small size G. I. pipelines and HDPE lines, which are old and leaking. The older raw water pumping main bursts frequently and requires urgent replacement. Maharashtra Jeevan Pradhikaran has, therefore, prepared the proposals of "Augmentation and Improvements to Miraj Water Supply Scheme" in October, 1998.

5.8 Components of the Augmentation Proposal2. The components proposed in the new

scheme are

(a) New source works of intake well, connecting pipe, jackwell and pumphouse, (b) Three raw water pumps, (c) A new raw water pumping main to supplement the existing PSC pipeline, (d) A new 31.42 MLD water treatment plant, adjacent to the existing plant, (e) Clear water pumps, (f) Clear water pumping mains, (g) Four new service reservoirs, (h) Additional distribution network.

5.9 Capital Investment. The augmentation proposals are estimated to cost Rs. 454.67 millions, which is proposed to be met by Government grant in aid of Rs. 106.09 millions, beneficiaries contribution of Rs. 45.47 millions, loan from LIC and open market borrowing of Rs. 303.11 millions.

5.10 Recurring Cost. Total annual recurring cost is estimated at Rs. 90.23 millions (O & M

expenditure of Rs. 28.22 millions and debt servising liability of Rs.62.01 millions).

2 Details are given in Appendix H and layout of the system is given in Figure 5.2




90

5.11 Present Status of the Proposal. The municipal corporation has resolved and conveyed

to MJP its acceptance to the proposed scheme. However the proposals are reportedly again being reviewed and revised by MJP.

Kupwad Water Supply 5.12 Need. Kupwad does not have a well-organized water supply scheme. The town is

growing fast after its inclusion in the corporation area and present water supply from MIDC is very inadequate.

5.13 Components of the Proposed Water Supply Scheme3. Following works are proposed in

the scheme.

(a) Source works in Krishna River, located by the side of existing source works of Sangli town,

(b) Three raw water pumps, (c) Raw water pumping main, (d) One 19.50 MLD water treatment plant in Kapase Vasti of Kupwad town, (e) Clear water pumps, (f) Clear water pumping mains and gravity mains, (g) Seven new service reservoirs, and (h) Distribution system.

5.14 Capital Investment. The detail engineering of the proposals is not yet done. The cost of

the scheme is broadly estimated at Rs. 310.36 millions. 5.15 Present Status. Only preliminary project proposals are prepared. Detail engineering

designs and cost estimates are not yet prepared. B. Demand Supply Assessment 5.16 Parameters for Demand Assessment. The demand is estimated by assuming the

following parameters4.

(a) Rate of water supply of 135 lpcd. (b) System losses of 15 % in distribution system, 2 % each in raw water and clear

3 Details of the system are given in Appendix H and layout is given in Figure 5.3 4 Population is projected in Appendix H and the demands based on the above parameters are worked out in

Appendix H




91

water transmission and 3 % in water treatment process. (c) 24 hours supply. (d) Peak factors of 1.2 and 3 in the design of transmission mains and distribution

system respectively. (e) Minimum residual pressure of 12 m. in the distribution system. (f) Service storage equivalent to one third of the total daily demand.

Sangli Water Supply 5.17 Raw water source. Sangli town is permitted to draw 30.744 mcum of water per year

from Krishna river against Sangli's present demand of 16.063 mcum. Thus the source is quite adequate to meet the demand. The K.T. weir, which is located about 1 km on the downstream, creates sufficient balancing storage, which is regularly replenished by the releases from Koyana and Dhom project. The source is thus quite adequate and dependable to meet not only the present demand but also the demand upto about year 2025.

5.18 Quality of raw water. Raw water turbidity reportedly goes upto about 3000 ppm in

rainy season but is at moderate level in other seasons. Results of chemical analysis of raw water show that the river water is of acceptable quality, though at times the hardness and total solids exceed the acceptable limits. The bacteriological quality of river water is not tested regularly. The Sheri nalla, which carries wastewater of the northern part of the town and industries in the area, joins the river downstream of the intake works but upstream of the KT weir and poses a constant threat of pollution. The corporation arrests the flow in this nalla by constructing a temporary earthen bund and pumps it to a pipeline which carries the nalla water to the downstream of the Irwin bridge from where it flows through an open channel to the downstream of KT weir. If this arrangement fails (due to breach in the earthen bund, non availability of power or breakdown of pumps), the nalla water pollutes the storage in KT weir.

5.19 Existing Water Supply and Sewerage Facilities. The capacity of the various

components of the existing scheme is compared with the present demand in table 5.1. Miraj Water Supply 5.20 Raw water source. The present allocation of water for Miraj is 12.330 mcum i.e. about

33.78 MLD against the present demand of 9.333 mcum (i.e. 25.57 MLD) of the town. The intake works are located in the storage of Mhaisal weir, located on the downstream, and the storage gets regularly replenished. Thus the present source is adequate and dependable to meet the present demands and future demands upto about 2011 or so. Additional allocation will however be necessary for additional demands beyond that period.

5.21 Quality of raw water. Raw water turbidity is high in rainy season. Otherwise the

physical and chemical quality of raw water remains largely acceptable.




92

Table: 5.1: Assessment of demand, supply and shortfall of Sangli water supply scheme

Quantity Sr. No.

Component Demand Supply Shortfall

Remarks

1. Raw water pumping station

44 MLD 46 MLD

(16-Hirabag, 30-Mulbunglow in 20 hours)

- The raw water pumping capacity is adequate.

2. Raw water conveyance

44 MLD 16 MLD to Hirabag and 22-24 MLD to Mulbunglow (in 20 hours)

Marginal shortfall

The main to Malbunglow leaks badly.

3. Water treatment plant

43 MLD 16 MLD at Hirabag and 22 MLD at Mulbunglow in 20 hours (actual out put about 22 MLD in 20 hours)

5 MLD The filters especially at Malbunglow need rehabilitation.

4. Clear water pumping

41.835 MLD

16 MLD at Hirabag and 30MLD at Malbunglow

- Adequate

5. Clear water mains from WTP

41.835 MLD

46 MLD - Adequate

6. Service reservoirs

13.66 ml 10.9 ml (out of these, one ESR of 1.8 ml not in use)

2.76 ml (plus 1.8 ml which is not used).

It is essential to bring in use the ESR in Shivajinagar to make up for some shortfall.

7. Distribution System

40.998 MLD

Distribution net-work exists in all wards. Total supply of about 26-27 MLD is made in a period of 4-6 hours.

Capacity may be adequate to carry the supply of 40.998 MLD with (a lower) peak factor of 3.

Some lines (particularly A. C., HDPE pipeline) leaking heavily. G. I. pipes of small sizes may need eventual replacement.




93

5.22 Existing water supply facilities. Table 5.2 analyses the adequacy of the existing

facilities with respect to the demand.

Table: 5.2: Assessment of demand, supply and shortfall of Miraj water supply facility Quantity Sr.

. Component

Demand Supply Shortfall Remarks

1. Raw water pumping station

25.569 MLD

16 MLD (20 hours)

9.569 MLD There are some additional pumps, which may provide additional capacity.

2. Raw water conveyance

25.569 MLD

16 MLD (20 hours)

9.569 MLD. The old H.S. pipeline is leaking. Requires replacement in about 800m. length.

3. Water treatment plant

25.058 MLD

16 MLD (20 hours)

9.058 MLD Augmentation necessary, besides improvements in existing plants.

4. Clear water pumping station

24.306 MLD

about 16 MLD

8.306 MLD -

5. Clear water pumping mains

24.306 MLD

16 MLD 8.306 MLD -

6. Service reservoirs

8 ml 4.50 ml 3.50 ml New reservoirs at appropriate locations required.

7. Distribution System

23.820 MLD

16 MLD supplied in about 4 hours

Present system may be capable of absorbing 23.820 MLD at 3 peak factor.

Some lines (particularly A. C., HDPE pipeline) leaking heavily. G. I. pipes of smaller diameter eventually may need replacement.




94

Kupwad Water Supply 5.23 Raw water source. At present, Kupwad does not have its own source works. It

purchases treated water from M.I.D.C., which has its source works located by the side of raw water station of Sangli town. There is a reservation of 13.366 mcum per year of water for Kupwad industrial estate and 2 villages. A specific reservation for Kupwad-Wanleswadi urban areas needs to be obtained. The quality of raw water is acceptable, except for the danger of pollution resulting from the wastewater in Sheri nalla flowing in the river.

5.24 Existing water supply facilities. Kupwad does not have its own water works. It receives

about 1.2 MLD of water from MIDC, which is directly distributed through the existing distribution system of A.C., PVC and HDPE pipelines. The reservoirs of 400,000 litres in Kupwad gaothan and 150,000 litres in Wanleswadi are bypassed. The present demand of the town is estimated at 5.710 MLD with a storage requirement of 1.9 ml. If existing reservoirs are used, additional 1.35 ml storage will need to be created. Also the existing distribution system of A.C., PVC and HDPE pipeline of 11.510 km. length will need to be extended in uncovered areas and strengthened in areas where piped water supply is available.

Adequacy of the Augmentation Plans. 5.25 There are some augmentation (or new) schemes, which have been prepared by

Maharshtra Jeevan Pradhikaran. Most of them are still to be approved. Some of them may also undergo further changes and some may not eventually be implemented in their present form. Hence, the discussion on the adequacy of these proposals to meet the demand in future may be of academic nature to some extent.

5.26 Augmentation of Sangli Water Supply Scheme. A new scheme has been prepared by the

Maharashtra Jeevan Pradhikaran, but has not been sanctioned by the Government of Maharashtra so far. Appendix H analyses the adequacy of the proposals to meet the demands in years 2016 and 2031. Following observations are made.

(a) The proposals are largely adequate to meet the demand of year 2016, except that

the service storage may fall short of the requirements. (b) For the demands in year 2031, additional pumping capacity, pumping mains,

service reservoirs may be required, in addition to those included in the project proposal.

5.27 Augmentation of Miraj Water Supply Scheme. The scheme, prepared by Maharashtra

Jeevan Pradhikaran, is still in the stage of modifications in the technical proposals. The analysis is done in Appendix H to ascertain the adequacy of the proposal. It will be seen that, the proposals made out in this project will be adequate to meet the demands in year 2016 and 2031, except for the storage capacity of service reservoirs and some new distribution mains, which may be required in second stage.




95

5.28 New Water Supply Scheme for Kupwad. The proposals are in the form of preliminary

project report, which is still at the stage of review in Maharashtra Jeevan Pradhikaran. The detailed survey and engineering designs will be required before the project is proposed for Government approval. Assuming that the proposed project will receive the approval, the components are analyzed for their adequacy to meet the demands in years 2016 and 2031. The analysis appears in Appendix H It will be necessary to seek formal allocation of water from Krishna River for Kupwad. The capacities proposed in the preliminary project proposal appear to be adequate to meet the demand of year 2016, but will require to be augmented again for year 2031 requirements.

C. Potential Areas of Improvement 5.29 Based on the study of the condition and performance of the components of the water

supply system and study of the organizational and financial aspects, the potential areas of improvement are identified and measures are suggested in table 5.4 attached at the end of this chapter.:

D. Investment Plans, Financial Implications and Investment Assistance. Investment Plans 5.31 Some new works or repairs to the existing works will be required for rehabilitation of

the systems to improve the coverage, level and quality of service. A detailed diagnostic study will have to be done and engineering details of these measures will have to be worked out. A broad estimate of the investment required to improve the systems at Sangli and Miraj and to increase coverage and level of water supply facility in Kupwad has been prepared5. This is summarized below:

Investment for (a) Sangli : Rs. 94.445 million (b) Miraj : Rs. 39.665 million (c) Kupwad : Rs. 55.500 million (d) Total : Rs. 189.610 million

or say 190 million Financial Implications and Investment Assistance 5.32 Time table. The Implementation of the measures to improve the performance of the

systems and extend their coverage and quality will require a period of approximately two years (six months for preparation and one and half year for actual implementation).

5.33 Requirement of Funds. The requirement of funds to implement these measures will be

Rs. 90 millions and Rs. 100 millions in the years 2002-2003 and 2003-2004 respectively.

5 Refer Appendix - H




96

5.34 Investment Assistance6. Government of Maharashtra has recently announced the

financing pattern for the rehabilitation of water supply schemes. The municipal corporations will be entitled to get a grant in aid of 23.33% will have to contribute its 10% share and the balance funds of 66.67% may be raised through loan. Thus, the rehabilitation package of SMK-MC for its water supply systems may be implemented through the investment plan mentioned in Table 5.3..

Table: 5.3: Investment for rehabilitation of water supply system

Source Amount (Rs. Million) 1. GoM grant-in-aid 44.33 2. Loan 126.67 3. SMK-MC contribution 19.00 Total 190.00

6 Refer Government Resolution (Water Supply and Sanitation Department No Le PaAa - 1000/CR 507 / WS - 22

of November, 2001.




97

Table 5.4: Potential areas of improvement

Issues Potential Areas of Improvement Suggestions for Improvement A. TECHNICAL ASPECTS (a) Sangli Water Supply 1. Source of water. The wastewater flow in Sheri nalla is presently

arrested by a temporary earthen bund and diverted to the downstream of K.T. weir. The bund is damaged in monsoon and storage in the weir is polluted. Permanent arrangements for diversion and treatment of wastewater in Sheri nalla are necessary.

The project under National River Action Plan is likely to be taken up with the financial assistance of Government of India. When implemented, this project will solve the problem.

2. Raw water pumps (i) The discharge of individual pumps cannot be measured. Monitoring of discharge of each pump is required to be done.

(ii) Discharge of pumps appears to have gone down. Measures are necessary.

(ii) Other miscellaneous repairs may be necessary to improve the performance and monitoring.

(i) Periodical measurement of discharge of each pump, using portable flow meters.

(ii) Measures such as restoring wearing ring clearances or their replacement, polishing and coating of impeller discs and scrapping the incrustation inside column pipes.

(iii) Other miscellaneous repairs to mechanical and electrical equipment.

3. Raw water pumping mains.

(i) Pumping main to Malbunglow treatment plant is heavily leaking, is inaccessible for repairs in some portion along Sheri nalla.

(ii) Hydraulic properties of main to Malbunglow need to be improved.

(iii) Flow meters are required to measure the quantity of raw water pumped for water audit and payment of raw water charges to the irrigation department.

(i) Replacement of about 1000 m. portion by D.I. pipes to be laid along an accessible route.

(ii) In situ mortar lining of C.I. main. (iii) Flow meters to be installed on both mains.




98

Issues Potential Areas of Improvement Suggestions for Improvement

4. Water treatment plants (i) Major repairs to filters, chemical house and wash water tank of Malbunglow water treatment Plant

(ii) Major rehabilitation of filters of Hirabag water treatment plant is necessary.

(iii) Other miscellaneous improvements in chemical dosing system, laboratory and other units are required.

(i) Detail diagnostic study. (ii) Major repairs in Malbunglow and Hirabag water treatment

plants. (iii) Improvements in chemical dosing system and laboratory. (iv) Other miscellaneous repairs as suggested.

5. Clear water pumping (i) Discharge of pump cannot be measured. Monitoring of discharge is required.

(ii) Measures to improve the discharge of pumps may be necessary.

(iii) Other miscellaneous repairs may be necessary to improve the performance and monitoring.

(i) Periodical measurement of discharge of each pump using portable flow meters.

(ii) Measures such as restoring wearing ring clearances or their replacement, polishing and coating of impeller discs.

(iii) Other minor repairs.

6. Clear water transmission.

Flow measurement should be possible for water audit.

Installing flow meters on each main.

7. Reservoirs (i) Dedicated main is required to feed Shivajinagar ESR and bring it in use.

(ii) Flow meter on inlets are required for reservoirs which are away from pumping stations/ MBRs for purpose of water audit.

(i) New main from Malbunglow MBR upto this reservoir. (ii) Flow meters at service reservoirs in Shivajinagar,

Jalbhavan, Vasantnagar and Vishrambag.

8. Distribution network (i) Measures to reduce the leakages are required. (ii) Some heavily leaking or small size pipes may be

required to be replaced.

(i) Leakage reduction programme. (ii) Replacement of some AC / PVC / HDPE / GI pipes by CI /

DI pipes.




99


(b) Miraj Water Supply. 1. Source Works Some repairs to inspection well and pumphouse

may be necessary. Measures such as plastering, painting, repairs to brick works RCC work.

2. Raw water pumps. (i) Discharge of pump cannot be measured. (ii) Discharge of some pumps may have reduced.

(i) Arrangement for periodical measurement of discharge of each pump, using portable flow meters.

(ii) Measures such as restoring wearing ring clearances or their replacement, polishing and coating of impeller discs and scrapping the incrustation inside column pipes.

(iii) Other minor repairs to mechanical / electrical equipment.

3. Raw water transmission. (i) Part of old H.S. pipeline is badly leaking and requires replacement.

(ii) Measurement of flow will be helpful in water audit and payment of raw water charges.

(i) Replacement of about 800 m. H.S. pipeline. (ii) Fixing flow meters on two mains.

4. Water treatment plant. (i) Modifications in clarifier inlet and outlet design will improve the quality of settled water and the feasibility of overloading.

(ii) Improvement in chemical dosing system and laboratory support are required.

(iii) Some works require repairs.

(i) Study of clarifier design and carrying out. (ii) Introducing flow measurement facility and controls in

filters. (iii) Facility to measure chemical doses and laboratory support. (iv) Other necessary repairs.

5. Clear water pumps. (i) Discharge of pumps cannot be measured. Monitoring of discharge is required.

(ii) Discharge of pumps may have gone down and will require measures.

(iii) Some miscellaneous repairs will be necessary.

(i) Periodical measurement of discharge of each pump, using portable flow meters.

(ii) Measures such as restoring wearing ring clearances or their replacement, polishing and coating of impeller discs.

(iii) Other minor repairs




100


6. Clear water transmission.

Measurement of flow is required. Flow meters on both mains.

7. Service reservoirs Flow measurement at inlet of Nimajga Mal reservoir is required for purpose of water audit.

Flow meter on inlet of ESR at Nimajga Mal.

8. Distribution network. (i) Leakages need to be reduced. (ii) Replacement of heavily leaking pipes may be

necessary.

(i) Leakage detection and reduction programme. (ii) Replacement of leaking AC/ PVC / HDPE / GI pipes.

(c) Kupwad Water Supply 1. Increasing the coverage

and service level. It is necessary to increase the supply and extend it to

uncovered population. Possibility of improved discharge of pumps and repairs to pumping main of Malbunglow Zone will result in production of extra 4-5 MLD supply. This can be pumped to Kupwad through seperate pumps, pumping main and one reservoir.

2. Distribution network Additional pipelines will be required in uncovered areas.

Additional pipelines in nearby developed areas.

(d) Quality of Water Supply Service 1. Raw water quality. i) Monitoring of quality of raw water is required i) Regular sanitary survey of the source needs to be done

ii) More frequent and regular testing of river water samples for physical, chemical, biological and bacteriological analysis should be done.

2. Supervision on quality control.

There is no supervision on the routine testing of samples of water supplied to the consumers

A system of surprise checks by an independent agency (like the Public Health Department of SMK-MC) can be formally introduced, as an additional control over the quality monitoring program.




101


(e) Maintenance Facility 1. Formal O & M plan.

There is no formal operation and maintenance plan, which provides detail schedule of operation and preventive maintenance of each component and the system, the assignment of responsibility to individuals, schedule of supervision and reporting, inventory of material.

Rather than depending on the initiative of individual operators, a formal O & M plan needs to be prepared for each component and the system as a whole. There appears to be a reasonably good provision of funds for this item in the budget and it can be used more rationally and efficiently, if a formal O & M plan is prepared for each year.

B. ORGANIZATIONAL ASPECTS 1. Lack of homogeneous

working of Sangli and Miraj water works.

Even after merger of the Sangli and Miraj water works under the control of the Executive Engineer (Water Supply), these units still do not function as one homogeneous unit. Optimum utilization of the available human resources and sharing of the expertise developed by these units does not happen.

A sense of team work and optimum use of resources, by transferring the employees from one unit to another, frequent interactions of the employees through periodical meetings etc.

2. Job Specification and allocation of work.

Many categories of the staff in Sangli and Miraj Water Works do not match with the actual work assigned to them. For example a chemist is managing the operations of filters in Sangli instead of a Filter Inspector. In Miraj, Maistries are looking after new connections and maintenance of pipe lines instead of Pipe Inspectors.

Work study and reorganization of existing staff are required.

3. Depending on staff on deputation at the servoir level.

At present there are four senior engineers, working in Sangli and Miraj water works, on deputation from MJP. Their transfer back to MJP will result in lack of continuity.

A systematic plan for recruitment and grooming of engineers to handle the supervisory and managerial functions.




102


4. Lack of formal education.

Only approximately 54% of the operator level staff have education upto SSC level; whereas 88% helpers have formal education at the school level only.

Formal training to meet their responsibilities in an efficient manner.

5. HRD policies The HRD policies in respect of recruitment and training, promotions and transfers, reward and incentives are followed on the basis of the provisions of the Act and By-laws. These policies in their present form do not provide any incentive to the employees to do their best.

Introducing system for rewarding hard work, efforts and talents of the employees by implementing measures like performance linked incentives for groups and individuals.

6. Spare capacity in meter repairing workshops.

Meter Repairing Workshops at Sangli and Miraj have capacity to repair average 15 to 18 meters per day, whereas present workload is only 3 to 4 meters per day.

Incentive for the consumers to keep their meters in working condition and compulsion to get the meters repaired in SMK-MC workshops.

7. Records and registers Records are based on the formats prescribed in the Municipal Accounts Code 1971. All the columns in these registers are not utilised / filled in and in some cases registers prescribed for specific use or function are used for recording different type of details. There is lot of duplication of information recorded in the forms like Application Form for New Water Supply Connection.

A detailed study of systems and procedures to eliminate redundant records, modify and improve the formats of existing registers and forms and identify the areas suitable for computerization.

8. Formal system of reporting and monitoring of key indicators of operational performance.

At present there is no formal system of reporting the key issues / indicators of the operational performance to the Executive Engineer (Water Supply).

Periodical reporting to the Executive Engineer in the important aspects like the operational performance of all installations, connections and dis-connections, capital and revenue expenditure compared with budget provisions, demand, collection and recovery performance, staff related matters, progress about new schemes etc.




103


C. FINANCIAL ASPECTS 1) Collection performance

of property tax needs further improvement.

The collection performance of property tax improved from 57% in the year 1998-99 to 65% in the year 1999-2000, but again dropped down to 55% in subsequent year. There is no penal charge for delayed payment.

Some kind of positive or negative incentive should be introduced to encourage the property owners to pay the taxes in time (for example, some concessions / discounts for early payment and delayed payment charges or higher notice fee).

2) Different methods for delayed payment charges at Sangli and Miraj.

It is observed that in Sangli, 1.5% interest on the delayed payment is charged at simple rate whereas in Miraj it is charged at compound rate.

Uniformity in charging delayed payment charges.

3) Review of policy of charging flat rate for non-working meters.

In case of non-working meters, flat charges of Rs. 90 per month are recovered from the consumers. Consumers continue to pay these charges without any protest because there is no element of penalty in these charges. There is no incentive to keep their meters in working condition.

An element of penalty to be introduced in the flat rate charging system, with much higher rates.

4) Controlling energy and staff costs.

The expenditure on energy and staff cost forms 50% and 22% of the total operating cost of water supply operations. In view of the increasing MSEB power charges, the power cost is likely to rise continuously in future. Similarly, there is demand of the Unions to apply the Fifth Pay Commission's recommendations, which is also likely to affect the staff cost.

By adopting the measures like energy audit and utilizing the available staff in an optimum manner with the measures like internal transfers (between Sangli and Miraj and also between water supply and sewerage departments), these costs should be controlled.




104


5) Adverse operating ratio of water supply operations

It is observed that during all the three years reviewed the operating ratio of water supply operations is negative. The revenue generated is not sufficient to meet even the O&M costs. The tariffs charged presently needs a critical review in this respect.

Revision in water tariff should be done at the earliest.

6) No comprehensive database of water supply connections in Sangli and Miraj

Manual system of maintaining records of the data pertaining to the properties connected with the water supply connections has limitations. Generation of information for monitoring the billing and ensuring that every connection is billed is difficult with such a system.

While introducing the use of computer in water supply operations, priority should be given for creation of database of properties with the details of connections according to the consumer type, size, meter status etc so that monitoring of billing and recovery will be possible. Billing and demand registers can be an integral part of such database. This database should be managed as far as possible departmentally by the trained staff in the meter reading and billing sections and monitored by their sectional heads.

7) Collection performance of water supply needs to be improved.

Collection performance of Sangli and Miraj can be improved further.

A special drive for recovery supported by the positive / negative incentives to the consumers would help to improve the collection performance of the water supply operations.

8) Large number of meters are not working in Sangli and Miraj

In Sangli only 13% meters are in working condition where as in Miraj 65% are in working condition. The reason appears to be the lack of incentive for the consumers to keep their meters in the working condition.

Penal charges for non-working meters and threat of disconnection for the non-working meters should be an integral part of the tariff policy.