iupac task force report the impact of...
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IUPAC Task Force Report
The Impact of Nanotechnology on
Chemistry
Contributors
Javier Garcia Martin Meyer
Alan Porter
Ismael Rafols Jae Hwan Park
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Table of Contents
Table of Contents ............................................................................................. 2 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 3 How to track Nanotechnology within Chemistry? ............................................. 4 Findings and Observations .............................................................................. 8
Nanotechnology Share of Papers in Leading Chemistry Journals ................ 8 A Closer Look at the Specialties ................................................................. 13
Analytical Chemistry ............................................................................... 15 Macromolecules ...................................................................................... 22 Chemistry of Materials ............................................................................ 32 Angewandte Chemie-Intl Ed ................................................................... 34
References..................................................................................................... 39
Introduction
Importance of Nanochemistry (see attached report, highlighted sections relevant)
o One of the areas with the highest economic potential o Also the area with the most scientific activity
Yet there is a relative lack of coverage of specialties within chemistry
Objective of this report: to highlight development within chemistry and understand better how the emergence of nanotechnology impacts the various fields of chemistry
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How to track Nanotechnology within Chemistry?
The definition of search strategies to capture nanotechnology in general has been a challenge since the early bibliometric studies of the field (see e.g. Porter and Cunningham, n.d.; Braun et al., 1998; Glänzel et al., 2003; Hullmann and Meyer, 2003). An even greater challenge is to identify certain subareas of nanotechnology (Meyer, Person & Nanotechnology Expert Group, 2002), such as the specialties of nanochemistry. We decided for this project to rely on a combination of well-established search strategies to identify nanotechnology relevant papers. More specifically, we adopted a keyword based search strategy that has been developed recently by bibliometric experts in cooperation with scientists in the field (Porter et al., 2007) and added elements of an earlier approach by Glänzel et al. (2003). The search strategy is summarised in Figure 1. The search consists of a basic part (highlighted in grey in the figure) and a journal specific search (marked in yellow, see below). The basic elements of the search strategy include searches #1-#10 which allow us to retrieve nanotechnology relevant articles in general. Searches #1-#8 are carried separately from another and then are combined in steps #9 and #10. In another step, we make the search more specific by focusing it on a specific chemistry journal. Step #11 allows us to identify all papers in a given journal for a given period. In step #12 a few articles containing phrases that are clearly not nano are filtered out. In steps #13 and #14, basic and journal specific searches are combined. #14 offers the final count of nano-papers in the chemistry journal of choice while #13 gives a more generous indication of the number of nano-papers. In this study we apply the slightly narrower definition which has proven to be quite effective in a brief validation exercise. The searches are all carried out in the expanded version of the Science Citation Index as it is available through the Web of Knowledge. The search is typically limited to articles and reviews. To ensure that the broad range of chemistry specialities is covered, we decided to study a broad range of journals. Table 1 and Table 2 summarise all journals that are included in this study.
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Figure 1: Search Strategy Adopted within the SCI-Expanded (figures in this example reflect hits for the year 2007)
# 14
351 #12 AND #10
# 13
452 #12 AND #9
# 12
1,772 SO=(ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION) NOT TS=(NANO2 OR NANO3 OR NANO4 OR NANO5 OR NANOSECON* OR NANO SECON* OR NANO GRAM* OR NANOGRAM* OR NANOMOL* OR NANOPHTALM* OR NANOMELI* OR NANOGETEROTROPH* OR NANOPLANKTON* OR NANOKELVIN* OR NANOCURIE OR NANO CURIE OR NANOS OR NANOS1 OR NANOPROTO*OR NANOPHYTO* OR NANOFLAGELLATE*)
# 11
1,774 SO=(ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION)
# 10
72,870 #9 AND #8
# 9
88,843 #7 OR #6 OR #5 OR #4 OR #3 OR #2 OR #1
# 8
>100,000 TS=(monolayer* OR mono-layer* OR film* OR quantum* OR multilayer* OR multi-layer* OR array* OR molecul* OR polymer* OR co-polymer* OR copolymer* OR mater* OR biolog* OR supramolecul* OR monolayer* OR mono-layer* OR film* OR quantum* OR multilayer* OR multi-layer* OR array*)
# 7
11,209 TS=(biosensor* or (sol gel* or solgel*) or dendrimer* or soft lithograph* or molecular simul* or quantum effect* or molecular sieve* or mesoporous material*) AND TS=(monolayer* or (mono-layer*) or film* or quantum* or
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multilayer* or (multi-layer*) or array*)
# 6
217 TS=(pebbles OR NEMS OR Quasicrystal* OR (quasi-crystal*)) AND TS=(monolayer* or (mono-layer*) or film* or quantum* or multilayer* or (multi-layer*) or array* or molecul* or polymer* or (co-polymer*) or copolymer* or mater* or biolog* or supramolecul*)
# 5
21,635 TS=((TEM or STM or EDX or AFM or HRTEM or SEM or EELS or atom* force microscop* or tunnel* microscop* or scanning probe microscop* or transmission electron microscop* or scanning electron microscop* or energy dispersive X-ray or X-ray photoelectron* or electron energy loss spectroscop*) AND (monolayer* or (mono-layer*) or film* or quantum* or multilayer* or (multi-layer*) or array* or molecul* or polymer* or (co-polymer*) or copolymer* or mater* or biolog* or supramolecul*))
# 4
8,264 TS=(quantum dot* OR quantum well* OR quantum wire*)
# 3
21,588 TS=(molecul* motor* or molecul* ruler* or molecul* wir* or molecul* devic* or molecular engineering or molecular electronic* or single molecul* or fullerene* or coulomb blockad* or bionano* or langmuir-blodgett or Coulomb-staircase* or PDMS stamp*)
# 2
6,873 TS=((SELF ASSEMBL* or SELF ORGANIZ* or Self organis* or DIRECTED ASSEMBL*) AND (monolayer* or (mono-layer*) or film* or quantum* or multilayer* or (multi-layer*) or array* or molecul* or polymer* or (co-polymer*) or copolymer* or mater* or biolog* or supramolecul*))
# 1
47,616 TS=(nano*)
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Table 1: Covered Specialist Journals and Related Areas
Organic Chemistry: ORGANIC LETTERS (ACS, 4.7), JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (ACS, 3.8) Inorganic Chemistry: INORGANIC CHEMISTRY (ACS, 3.9) Analytical Chemistry: ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (ACS, 5.6) Chemistry and Health: JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY (ACS, 5.1) Physical Chemistry: JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B (ACS, 4.1) Environmental Chemistry: GREEN CHEMISTRY (RSC, 4.2) Education in Chemistry: JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION (ACS, 0.4) Polymers: MACROMOLECULES (ACS, 4.3) Materials Chemistry: Chemistry of Materials (ACS, 5.1) Chemical Engineering: AICHE JOURNAL (JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 2.1)
Table 2: Covered General Journals
CHEMICAL REVIEWS (ACS, 26.1) ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH, 10.2) JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (ACS, 7.7) CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS (RSC, 4.5)
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Findings and Observations
Nanotechnology Share of Papers in Leading Chemistry Journals
The share of nanotechnology papers in chemistry journals has more than doubled over the past ten years from 12% in 1996-7 to 26% in 2006-7 (see
9
Figure 2).
While there is an overall trend towards a growing share of nanotechnology papers in almost all chemistry journals, there is considerable variation (see Figure 3):
o Nanotechnology papers account for more than 50% of all
articles and reviews in a journal, such as Chemistry of Materials, 40% or more in journals, such as Macromolecules and Journal of Physical Chemistry.
o General journals have a ‘balanced’ number of nanotechnology related papers close to the average value of above 20% (in 2006).
o Journals in the inorganic and analytical chemistry cover nanotechnology ton a similar extent.
o Organic chemistry, environmental and medicinal chemistry related journals have experienced a growth in nano-papers while the share of nanotechnology papers still remains at around 10%
This difference in ‘nanotechnology intensity’ of certain subfields of chemistry becomes visible when one compares the share of nanotechnology papers in a given journal to the average (Figure 4)
o Chemical engineering seems to be apart from the
abovementioned fields a specialty to which nanotechnology is not as important as in other cases.
o Education in chemistry is another, perhaps not very suprising area of low nanotechnology coverage.
Table 3 presents a detailed overview of how many nanotechnology articles could be identified in the three periods.
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Figure 2
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
1996-1997 2001-2002 2006-2007
Share of Nanotechnology Papers in Chemistry Journals
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Figure 3
Share of Nanotechnology Papers
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
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Figure 4
Share of Nano-Papers / Average Chem Journals
1%
10%
100%
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Table 3 Journal All Nano All Nano All Nano
1 Organic Letters 2,848 157 2,221 55 no record -
2 Journal of Organic Chemistry 2,898 233 2,760 152 3,001 101
Journal of Organic Chemistry
(+Organicmetallic/Inorganic biochemistry/biological
Inorganic/Physical Organic)
5,410 599 5,213 443 5,137 267
3 Inorganic Chemistry 2,809 758 2,085 401 2,171 372
Inorganic Chemistry (+communication)
3,447 880 2,563 472 2,234 372
4 Analytical Chemistry 2,217 608 1,772 336 1,584 183
5 Journal of Medicinal Chemistry
1,552 108 1,041 73 1,069 44
6 Journal of Physical Chemistry (+A/B/C+physics and
chemistry of solids/physical organic chem)
12,363 5,046 7,418 2,162 2,666 640
7 Green Chemistry 360 30 228 3 17 1
8 Journal of Chemical Education
719 11 607 7 939 2
9 MACROMOLECULES 2,501 1,046 2,645 655 2,502 430
10 Chemistry of Materials 1,819 1,000 1,430 654 788 316
11 AICHE JOURNAL 684 59 517 16 684 24
12 CHEMICAL (society) REVIEWS
574 131 281 27 294 36
13 ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-International EDITION
3,163 667 1,811 217 1,258 98
14 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
6,095 1,791 4,828 949 4,303 635
15 CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS
2,469 557 2,670 303 2,378 127
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A Closer Look at the Specialties
The data presented so far can give an overview of the general impact an emerging interdisciplinary research area, such as nanotechnology. However, its limits are soon to be reached.
Another approach to explore the role of nanotechnology in chemistry is to explore the emerging intellectual structures associated with nanotechnology. To this end we have carried out further bibliometric analysis. More specifically, we used co-word analysis at the journal level to see what kind of intellectual space nanotechnology occupies in certain chemistry journals.
While we could not cover all journals we have made a small selection of journals in different areas of chemistry and with different ‘nanotech intensity’, including:
o Analytical Chemistry o Macromolecules o Chemistry of Materials o Angewandte Chemie-International Edition
For each of these journals, we downloaded all papers (articles and reviews) for 1996-7, 2001-2, and 2006-7.
We then used the Bibexcel bibliometric freeware developed by Prof O Persson (Umeå University) to process the data further:
o Keywords were retrieved for each paper: a stemming algorithm
was applied o Co-word analysis was carried out on the basis of keywords
associated with individual articles, this means, that the most frequent keywords in papers are related to each other on the basis of how often they co-occur:
The following sections contain frequency distributions of
the keywords used most often in the papers Comparing the top keywords for the different time periods
indicates how the journal has developed o Maps can also be a helpful way to visualise the changes over
time. The maps are also generated for all three periods of the four journals and can be found at the end of each respective section:
For the interpretation of the results it is important to
understand that the closer two terms are on the map the more closely related they tend to be
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In addition cluster analysis of co-occurring terms was carried out; the different clusters resulting from the analysis are illustrated by varying colours
While it would be premature to use the list of top keywords as the basis for a thesaurus, they do indicate that there have been, sometimes even quite considerable, changes in the development of certain journals.
This type of analysis could be extended further to include terms generated from title or abstract.
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Analytical Chemistry Top key words 1996/97 16 BIOSENSOR 15 FILM 15 SENSOR 14 PROTEIN 14 SURFAC 14 ELECTROD 12 SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAY 11 ADSORPT 9 MOLECUL 9 SEPAR 9 SPECTROSCOPi 9 MICROSCOPi 8 ASSISTED LASER-DESORPT 8 ZONE ELECTROPHORESI 7 GOLD 7 ELECTROCHEMISTRi 7 ENZYME ELECTROD 7 MONOLAY 6 GOLD ELECTROD 6 IONiz 6 DNA 6 FRAGMENT 6 BIND 6 POLYM 6 RECOGNIT 6 GLUCOSE-OXIDAS 6 ACID 6 WATER 5 MEMBRAN 5 OLIGONUCLEOTID 5 SYSTEM 5 PARTICL 5 LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHi 5 FLUORESC 5 ELECTROPHORESI 5 GLAss 5 CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESI 5 CHROMATOGRAPHi 4 LASER-DESORPTION ION 4 ION 4 MATRIX 4 CAPILLARY ZONE ELECTROPHORESI 4 IDENTIF 4 POLYPYRROL 4 SURFACE-PLASMON RESON 4 IMMOBIL 4 OXIDAS 4 NUCLEIC-ACID 4 SPECTRA 4 OXID
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4 PHASE 4 ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPi 4 ALKANETHIOL MONOLAY 4 MIXTUR 4 PURIF 4 ZIRCONIUM PHOSPHONATE MULTILAY 4 VOLTAMMETRi 4 COMPLEX 4 ELECTROSPRAi 4 RESOLUT 4 ENZYM 4 DESORPT 4 STABIL 4 DERIV 4 DEVIC
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Top Keywords 01-02 27 SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAY 26 BIOSENSOR 26 SYSTEM 25 SURFAC 22 ELECTROD 21 PROTEIN 18 ADSORPT 17 PROBE 17 SEPAR 17 CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESI 17 RECOGNIT 16 FABRic 16 FILM 15 BIND 15 MOLECUL 15 PEPTID 15 IDENTIF 14 GOLD 14 SENSOR 14 SPECTROSCOPi 13 MONOLAY 13 PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHi 12 RESOLUT 12 FLOW 12 DNA 11 CHIP 11 CELL 11 MICROCHIP 11 OLIGONUCLEOTID 10 HYBRID 10 ELECTROPHORESI 10 MATRIX 10 QUARTZ-CRYSTAL MICROBAL 10 DEVIC 10 DYNAM 9 IMMUNOASSAi 9 POLYM 9 SIZE 9 CHANNEL 9 MICROELECTROD 9 WATER 8 IMMOBIL 8 CHROMATOGRAPHi 8 THIN-FILM 8 KINET 8 IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRi 8 ARRAi 8 GLUCOSE-OXIDAS 8 ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPi 8 ACID 7 OXID 7 SPECTROMETRi 7 PH 7 TRANSPORT 7 HYDROGEN-PEROXID 7 AMPEROMETRIC DETECT 6 MASS-SPECTROMETRi 6 STATIONARY PHAS
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6 AMPEROMETRIC BIOSENSOR 6 ENZYME ELECTROD 6 NUCLEIC-ACID 6 MEMBRAN 6 COMPLEX 6 LIVING CEL 6 GOLD ELECTROD 6 VOLTAMMETRi
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Top Keywords 06-07 65 SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAY 54 SURFAC 51 BIOSENSOR 51 FILM 47 PROTEIN 44 SYSTEM 43 SENSOR 42 ADSORPT 37 ARRAi 36 SPECTROSCOPi 35 NANOPARTICL 34 CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESI 33 SEPAR 33 BIND 32 MOLECUL 32 GOLD 31 DNA 29 ELECTROD 26 IMMUNOASSAi 26 CHIP 24 IDENTIF 24 MEMBRAN 24 ASSAi 23 PROBE 23 MONOLAY 23 FABRic 22 SURFACE-PLASMON RESON 21 POLYM 21 MICROARRAi 20 FLUORESC 19 IMMOBIL 18 RECOGNIT 18 PERFORM 18 HYBRID 18 PEPTID 18 NUCLEIC-ACID 17 ACID 17 LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHi 17 CELL 16 DEVIC 16 ANTIBODi 16 SENSIT 16 MASS-SPECTROMETRi 15 MICROFLUIDIC DEVIC 15 TECHNOlog 14 ELECTROCHEMISTRi 14 INTERFAC 14 PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHi 14 PARTICL 14 KINET 14 ELECTROCHEMICAL DETECT 13 GOLD NANOPARTICL 13 QUARTZ-CRYSTAL MICROBAL 13 MICROSCOPi 13 ELECTROPHORESI 13 OLIGONUCLEOTID 13 CARBON NANOTUB 12 WATER
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12 DYNAM 12 MICROCHIP 12 DIFFUS 11 SCANNING ELECTROCHEMICAL MICROSCOPi 11 THIN-FILM 11 ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPi 11 GOLD SURFAC 11 OPTICAL-PROPERTi 11 LIGAND 11 PROTEOM
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Macromolecules Top Keywords 96-97 69 POLYM 35 BEHAVIOR 30 DIBLOCK COPOLYM 26 MOLECULAR-WEIGHT 25 POLYSTYREN 25 FILM 25 BLOCK-COPOLYM 23 MORPHOlog 22 BLEND 21 DYNAM 21 MODEL 20 POLYMER 19 SYSTEM 18 COPOLYM 17 CHAIN 17 CRYSTAL 16 SURFAC 14 INTERFAC 14 MELT 14 LIGHT-SCATT 14 POLYETHYLEN 14 STYREN 14 MICEL 13 MONOLAY 13 THIN-FILM 13 ACID 13 SCATTER 13 MIXTUR 13 BLOCK COPOLYM 12 ADSORPT 12 SPECTROSCOPi 12 COMPLEX 12 DERIV 12 DEPEND 11 X-RAY-SCATT 11 TRANSIT 11 TEMPERATUR 10 MICROPHASE SEPAR 10 PHASE-BEHAVIOR 10 MECHAN 10 KINET 9 AQUEOUS-SOLUT 9 ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATT 9 TRIBLOCK COPOLYM 9 DEGRAD 8 LANGMUIR-BLODGETT-FILM 8 FLUORESC 8 SPECTRA 8 RING-OPENING POLYMER 8 MISCIbl 8 SPINODAL DECOMPOSIT 8 PROTEIN 8 POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE) 8 POLYEST
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7 POLYMER BLEND 7 MOLECUL 7 MECHANICAL-PROPERTi 7 ANIONIC-POLYMER 7 POLYMER SURFAC 7 MEMBRAN 7 SIMUL 7 MICELLE FORM 7 LIQUID-CRYSTALLINE POLYM 7 HOMOPOLYM 7 HOMOPOLYMER BLEND
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Top Keywords 01-02 127 POLYM 77 MORPHOlog 73 BLOCK-COPOLYM 62 BEHAVIOR 48 DIBLOCK COPOLYM 42 FILM 38 POLYSTYREN 36 DYNAM 34 COPOLYM 33 THIN-FILM 33 BLEND 32 MOLECULAR-WEIGHT 31 SURFAC 27 ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPi 27 LIGHT-SCATT 27 SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAY 27 CONJUGATED POLYM 27 SPECTROSCOPi 25 ADSORPT 25 POLYMER 23 TRANSIT 23 PHASE-BEHAVIOR 23 CRYSTAL 22 MICEL 22 CHAIN 21 MELT 21 POLYETHYLEN 21 STYREN 21 AQUEOUS-SOLUT 20 SYSTEM 20 X-RAY-SCATT 19 INTERFAC 19 COMPLEX 19 WATER 19 PHASE 19 MODEL 18 MIXTUR 18 TRIBLOCK COPOLYM 18 POLY(ETHYLENE OXIDE) 18 TEMPERATUR 17 ORIENT 17 LIGHT-EMITTING-DIOD 17 POLYMER BLEND 17 PARTICL 17 KINET 16 METHYL-METHACRYL 16 ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATT 16 DERIV 16 SIMUL 14 COMPOSIT 14 OXIDE) 14 MECHANICAL-PROPERTi 14 MICROPHASE SEPAR 13 POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE) 13 PHOTOLUMINESC 13 ELECTROLUMINESC 13 MONOLAY 13 BRUSH
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12 DIFFUS 12 MOLECUL 12 TRANSFER RADICAL POLYMER 12 LAYER
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Top Keywords 06/07 151 POLYM 149 BLOCK-COPOLYM 115 MORPHOlog 113 DIBLOCK COPOLYM 82 BEHAVIOR 80 THIN-FILM 70 TRANSFER RADICAL POLYMER 68 POLYSTYREN 67 COPOLYM 67 MOLECULAR-WEIGHT 60 TRIBLOCK COPOLYM 56 SURFAC 54 MECHANICAL-PROPERTi 53 FILM 53 NANOPARTICL 51 CONJUGATED POLYM 43 X-RAY-SCATT 41 ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPi 40 NANOCOMPOSIT 37 AQUEOUS-SOLUT 36 COMPOSIT 36 CRYSTAL 36 POLYMER 33 ADSORPT 33 COMPLEX 33 BLEND 33 POLY(ETHYLENE OXIDE) 32 PHASE-BEHAVIOR 32 PARTICL 31 MICROPHASE SEPAR 31 MIXTUR 31 MICEL 30 KINET 29 LIGHT-EMITTING-DIOD 29 MELT 29 WATER 29 CHAIN 29 TEMPERATUR 28 NANOSTRUCTUR 27 RADICAL POLYMER 27 TRANSIT 26 PHASE 26 METHYL-METHACRYL 26 ARRAi 26 DYNAM 26 SYSTEM 26 SELF-ORGAN 23 LIGHT-SCATT 23 MOLECUL 23 STYREN 23 ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATT 23 BRUSH 23 POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE) 21 RING-OPENING POLYMER 21 MODEL 21 MECHAN 21 FREE-RADICAL POLYMER 21 INTERFAC
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20 MEMBRAN 20 SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAY 20 SIDE-CHAIN 19 PHASE-SEPAR 19 OPTICAL-PROPERTi 19 DENDRIM
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Chemistry of Materials Top Keywords 96-97 24 POLYM 23 FILM 23 THIN-FILM 22 PARTICL 18 OXID 16 SURFAC 14 COMPLEX 14 CLUSTER 13 CHEMISTRi 13 CRYSTAL-STRUCTUR 13 PRECURSOR 13 MECHAN 11 BEHAVIOR 11 MONOLAY 10 SPECTROSCOPi 10 GLAss 10 CRYSTAL 10 CATALYST 10 GROWTH 9 CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSIT 9 ELECTROD 9 MOLECUL 9 SIZE 9 OPTICAL-PROPERTi 8 DECOMPOSIT 8 STATE 8 WATER 8 SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAY 8 GOLD 8 ACID 8 HYDROLYSI 8 POLYMER 7 DESIGN 7 POWDER 7 METAL 7 SEMICONDUCTOR CLUST 7 SYSTEM 6 COat 6 INTERCAL 6 SOL-GEL PROCEss 6 DEPOSIT 6 MESOPOROUS MOLECULAR-SIEV 6 SILic 6 CELL 6 MOLECULAR-SIEV 6 NANOCOMPOSIT 6 SEMICONDUCTOR 6 PHASE 6 CHAIN 5 MODEL 5 TEMPLAT 5 NYLON 6-CLAY HYBRID 5 RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPi 5 CONDUCT 5 SPECTRA
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5 ENCAPSUL 5 SENSOR 5 MAGNETIC-PROPERTi 5 OXYGEN 5 ION-EXCHANG 5 SOLID-ST 5 ORGAN 5 HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESI
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Top Keywords 01-02 64 THIN-FILM 58 FILM 47 OXID 42 MOLECULAR-SIEV 40 SURFAC 35 SILICA 34 POLYM 33 NANOPARTICL 32 GROWTH 30 MECHAN 30 SPECTROSCOPi 29 CHEMISTRi 29 ADSORPT 26 PARTICL 26 CRYSTAL-STRUCTUR 25 OPTICAL-PROPERTi 24 SYSTEM 24 MONOLAY 23 DEPOSIT 23 CATALYST 23 TEMPERATUR 22 CRYSTAL 21 COPOLYM 21 MESOPOROUS MOLECULAR-SIEV 21 BEHAVIOR 21 COMPLEX 20 DERIV 19 TEMPLAT 19 ARRAi 19 SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAY 18 CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSIT 18 CLUSTER 17 CONJUGATED POLYM 17 COMPOSIT 16 PRECURSOR 16 GOLD 16 MOLECUL 15 NANOCOMPOSIT 15 X-RAY-DIFFRACT 15 SIZE 14 TRANSIT 14 FRAMEWORK 14 DESIGN 14 ELECTROD 13 NANOCLUST 13 DEVIC 13 MESOPOROUS SILICA 13 GLAss 13 MONTMORILLONIT 13 MCM-41 13 MAGNETIC-PROPERTi 13 ROUT 12 SOLID 12 FABRic 12 MORPHOlog 12 INTERCAL 12 STABIL
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12 LAYER 12 PHASE 12 DYNAM 12 POLYMER 11 NANOCRYST 11 LIGHT-EMITTING-DIOD 11 LANGMUIR-BLODGETT-FILM 11 COat 11 STRUCTURAL CHARACTER 11 QUANTUM DOT 10 PHOTOLUMINESC 10 REDUCT 10 AQUEOUS-SOLUT 10 SURFACT 10 METAL 10 METAL-OXID
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Chemistry of Materials Top Keywords 06-07 116 THIN-FILM 90 NANOPARTICL 79 FILM 66 GROWTH 62 SURFAC 59 POLYM 57 PARTICL 56 FABRic 55 OXID 53 NANOCRYST 46 SIZE 44 OPTICAL-PROPERTi 44 MOLECULAR-SIEV 43 SYSTEM 41 SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAY 40 SPECTROSCOPi 39 NANOCOMPOSIT 39 NANOTUB 38 SILICA 38 NANOSTRUCTUR 38 CATALYST 37 PRECURSOR 37 DERIV 37 CRYSTAL 36 ARRAi 36 COMPLEX 35 CHEMISTRi 34 ADSORPT 34 CRYSTAL-STRUCTUR 34 NANOWIR 34 CONJUGATED POLYM 33 DEPOSIT 33 COMPOSIT 31 QUANTUM DOT 30 MORPHOlog 30 TEMPLAT 28 ROUT 28 COPOLYM 27 MOLECUL 26 MECHAN 25 AQUEOUS-SOLUT 24 WATER 24 MAGNETIC-PROPERTi 24 PERFORM 24 THIN-FILM TRANSISTOR 24 MONOLAY 23 LIGHT-EMITTING-DIOD 23 SEMICONDUCTOR 23 CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSIT 22 DEVIC 22 DESIGN 22 MESOPOROUS SILICA 22 LUMINESC 22 ELECTROD 20 GOLD NANOPARTICL
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20 NANOROD 20 MEMBRAN 20 TEMPERATUR 19 CARBON NANOTUB 19 BLOCK-COPOLYM 18 FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTOR 18 BEHAVIOR 18 EFFICI 18 GEL 17 FRAMEWORK 17 REDUCT 17 PHASE 17 SPHERE 17 ROOM-TEMPERATUR 17 EMISS 17 POLYMER
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Angewandte Chemie-Intl Ed Top Keywords 96-97 20 COMPLEX 11 MOLECUL 8 CRYSTAL-STRUCTUR 6 MOLECULAR RECOGNIT 6 RECOGNIT 5 C-60 5 CHANNEL 5 CHEMISTRi 5 CRYSTAL 5 MONOLAY 5 POLYM 5 ION 5 LIGAND 4 DESIGN 4 ELECTRONIC-STRUCTUR 4 SURFAC 3 SYSTEM 3 MOLECULAR-STRUCTUR 3 SOLID-ST 3 FULLEREN 3 HYDROGEN-BOND 3 ROTAXAN 3 SOLID-STATE STRUCTUR 3 ACID 3 BUCKMINSTERFULLEREN
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Angewandte Chemie-Intl Ed Top Keywords 01-02 35 COMPLEX 22 CHEMISTRi 21 MOLECUL 20 FILM 12 DESIGN 12 CLUSTER 12 LIGAND 11 POLYM 10 SURFAC 9 WATER 9 GOLD 9 MONOLAY 9 SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAY 8 SYSTEM 8 CRYSTAL 8 COORDINATION POLYM 8 BIND 8 RECOGNIT 7 ARRAi 7 COORDIN 6 PHASE 6 TRANSITION-MET 6 OPTICAL-PROPERTi 6 DERIV 6 CRYSTAL-STRUCTUR 6 BUILDING-BLOCK 6 CAPSUL 5 SUPERLATTIC 5 FULLEREN 5 BEHAVIOR 5 GROWTH 5 DENDRIM 5 BLOCK-COPOLYM 5 STABIL 5 SPECTROSCOPi 5 MOLECULAR RECOGNIT 5 C-60 5 SIZE 5 NANOTUB 5 NANOPARTICL 4 MECHAN 4 PHASE-TRANSIT 4 GEL 4 ENCAPSUL 4 ADSORPT 4 SUPRAMOLECULAR CHEMISTRi 4 NANOWIR 4 MICEL 4 MAGNETIC-PROPERTi 4 COMPON 4 MOTION 4 DIMER 4 NANOCRYST 4 PROTEIN 4 MESOPOROUS SILICA 4 RECEPTOR
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4 SELF-ORGAN 4 DEVIC 4 DIFFRACT 4 CAGE 4 POLYMER 4 OLIGOM 4 TEMPLAT 4 CONJUGATED POLYM 4 INTERFAC 4 TETRANUCLEAR 4 ACID 4 SOLID-ST 4 ORGAN 4 SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPi
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Angewandte Chemie-Intl Ed Top Keywords 06-07 78 COMPLEX 60 CHEMISTRi 54 NANOPARTICL 54 POLYM 52 MOLECUL 45 SURFAC 43 DESIGN 37 CRYSTAL 37 ARRAi 34 FILM 34 SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAY 33 RECOGNIT 31 NANOSTRUCTUR 30 SYSTEM 29 LIGAND 28 CRYSTAL-STRUCTUR 28 CLUSTER 28 ORGAN 24 ADSORPT 24 BIND 24 WATER 22 ASSEMbl 22 SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPi 21 QUANTUM DOT 20 THIN-FILM 19 PROTEIN 19 NANOTUB 18 MONOLAY 18 FABRic 17 GROWTH 17 PHASE 17 PARTICL 16 GOLD NANOPARTICL 16 STABIL 16 FLUORESC 16 NANOCRYST 15 TEMPLAT 15 DERIV 14 MOLECULAR RECOGNIT 14 DYNAM 14 PORPHYRIN 14 BUILDING-BLOCK 14 ACID 13 MICEL 13 CARBON NANOTUB 13 CAPSUL 13 COORDINATION POLYM 13 NETWORK 13 FULLEREN 13 NANOWIR 13 DNA 12 ENCAPSUL 12 DEPOSIT 12 BEHAVIOR 12 MORPHOlog 12 BLOCK-COPOLYM
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12 MECHAN 12 GOLD 11 DENDRIM 11 SELECT 11 TRANSIT 11 ARCHITECTUR 11 DEVIC 11 GEL 11 DIBLOCK COPOLYM 11 SIZE 11 AQUEOUS-SOLUT 11 C-60 11 CARBON 11 ENERGY-TRANSF 11 OPTICAL-PROPERTi
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References Braun, T., et al., (1998) Nanotechnology on the balance. Scientometrics, Glänzel, W.; Meyer, M.; Du Plessis, M.; Thijs, B.; Magerman, T.; Schlemmer, B. ; Debackere, K.; Veugelers, R. (2003) Domain Study ‘Nanotechnology: Analysis of an Emerging Domain of Scientific and Technological Endeavour’. Steunpunt O&O Statistieken, K.U. Leuven Hullmann, A; Meyer, M. (2003) Publications and Patents in Nanotechnology. An overview of previous studies and the state of the art. Scientometrics, 58 (3) 507-527. Meyer, M.; Persson, O.; Power, Y.; with Nanotechnology Expert Group and Eurotech Data (2002), Mapping excellence in nanotechnologies. Preparatory study for the European Commission, DG Research. Porter, A.; Cunningham, P. (n.d). Wither Nanotechnology. Foresight Update. Porter, A.; Youtie, J. (2007) Nano Research Publication & Patent Profiling: Europe and the World. Atlanta GA.