fp= & vatyh] d{kk 5oha - jeevodaya - working for platform ... rks nwj] bl dk;z dks gh rqpn...

fp= & vatyh] d{kk 5oha

jsYos IysVQkeZ ij vDlj ;g ns[kus esa vkrk gS fd ,d cPpk xans diM+sigus gq, iVfj;ksa ds chp ls dqN chu jgk gSA ysfdu bl n'; ls vkxs cgqrgh de yksx mls ns[k ikrs gSaA vkb, gekjh vka[kksa ls vki Hkh blds vkxstkfu,&

FkksM+h nsj esa cPpk Åij IysVQkeZ ij vkrk gS vkSj vius nksLr ls ,d NksVhlh cksry ekaxrk gSA og ml cksry dks vius ikl j[ks ,d xans ls diM+s esamM+syrk gS vkSj mls lwa?kus yxrk gSA lwa?krs&lwa?krs og okil vius dke esa yxtkrk gSA

cksry esa D;k Fkk\ mlus ,salk D;ksa fd;k\ ,sals dbZ loky gSa ftuds mRrjcksyus esa vklku Hkh gksa vkSj vf/kdka'k ml ckyd ij vkjksi dh rjg Hkh gksaysfdu tjk vkxs gekjh tkudkjh D;k dgrh gS ml ij fopkj djsa fQj iqu%bl rjg ds iz'uksa ds mRrj <wa<saA

og ckyd igys tc IysVQkeZ ij u;k&u;k vk;k Fkk rc mlds ikl iSlsugha gqvk djrs FksA og IysVQkeZ ds cPpksa tSls dke Hkh ugha djrk Fkk D;ksafdmls ,slk djus esa f>>d gksrh FkhA ysfdu Hkw[k rks jkst yxrh gh Fkh] og dc:dus okyhA mls Hkh Hkw[k yxrh Fkh rks iqjkus cPps mls [kkuk ns nsrs FksA ysfdulkFk gh mlus mu cPpksa dks ns[kdj ;s Hkh lh[kk fd tc dHkh ,salh fLFkfr vktk, fd [kkuk u fey ik, rks OgkbVuj dks diM+s esa Mkydj lwa?kus ls Hkw[k ejtkrh gSA /khjs&/khjs vc OgkbVuj dk u'kk djuk mldh vknr cu tkrh gS vkSjmls vc OgkbVuj dk u'kk djuk vPNk Hkh yxrk gSA

;g rks bl rjg ds cPpksa ds thou dk flQZ ,d igyw gS ftls geus cgqrgh ljy djds vkids lkeus izLrqr fd;kA IysVQkeZ ij jgus ds [krjksa ds ckjsesa rks vHkh ckr dh gh ughaA ;s ge vki ij NksM+rs gSa fd vki [kqn irk djsaA

thoksn; lkslkbVh bUgha cPpksa ds chp bVkjlh IysVQkeZ ij dk;Z dj jghgSA IysVQkeZ ij NksVs]&cM+s] u,&iqjkus] xqe'kqnk vFkok fdlh dkj.k ls ?kjNksMdj vk, yM+ds&yM+dh feyrs gSaA

vius lqugjs Hkfo"; dk liuk rks irk ugha ;s cPps ;k fQj buds eka&ckins[k ikrs gksaxs ;k ugha ysfdu thoksn; t:j ns[krk gS vkSj pkSchlksa ?kaVs viuhrhuksa ifj;kstukvksa (Projects) ds tfj, bu liuksa dks lkdkj djus esa yxkjgrk gSA

fo"k; lwph ys[kd@jpukdkj i`-dz- vkidk iUuk vki vkSj gypy Vhe 02&02 eqn~ns dh ckr laikndh; 03&03 LVs'ku ij yM+dh ¼gdhdr½ iz'kkar cku[ksM+s]e;wjh cM+ksfu;k 04&06 taxy dk nksLr ¼dgkuh½ 'kksHkk] lkUrks] bZ'ojh] lfjrk 07&09 HkkSa&HkkSa] vk tkvks ¼Qqy>M+h½ ladfyr 10&11 ,d utj b/kj Hkh ladyu 12&13 pkbYM Qksje~ ladyu 14&14 BaMh dh fpeVh ¼rqdcanh½ vatyh 15&15 dkWeu ukmu ¼vkvks lh[ksas½ ladyu 16&17 nqfu;kW dh [kcj]gekjh ut+j ladyu 18&18

laiknu ,oa fMtkbu % fodze pkSjs]7566213945

* [email protected];ksx % 'kksHkk] lqejry] vatyh o vU;izwQ jhfMax % jkgqy cM+ksfu;kforjd % fyfiu ihVjizdk'kd % fl-Dykjk]

9425040188*[email protected]; lkslkbVh] usg:xat] bVkjlh]fiu&461111

eqnzd %vfuy Ldzhu fizaVlZ] bVkjlh]9425044752

gypy]vad&14]tuojh&Qjojh 2012]izdk'kd&fl-Dykjk]Mk;jsDVj]thoksn; lkslkbVh]bVkjlh&461111

01

n eq>s bl ckj rqdcanh o Qqy>M+h ist cgqr vPNs yxsA ftlesa luksojus ,d yM+ds dh ukd ds vanj tysch ?kqlus dh ckr fy[kh Fkh] i<+usesa etk vk;kA jtuhdkar HkS;k }kjk cuk, x, dM+h ijh{kk ehBk Qy*dgkuh ds fp= cgqr vPNs FksA ¼'kksHkk iky&5oh½

n eSus dbZ fp= cuk, ij igyh ckj esjk fp= fdlh fdrkc esa Nik gSA;g ns[kdj eq>s cgqr [kq'kh gqbZA ¼uhrs'k xkSM&mez 11 lky½

n gypy esa pqVdqys ugha Nkis tkrsA eq>s pqVdqys cgqr ilan gSA blfy,vkxs dh gypy esa vki pqVdqys t:j NkisaA ¼mes'k&6oh] vtqZu&5oh½

n ^dM+h ijh{kk ehBk Qy* dgkuh esa ,dne lgh ckr dgh gSA ;fn gejkst i<+kbZ ij /;ku nsaxs vkSj /kS;Z j[kdj ifjJe djsaxs rks lQyrkt:j feyrh gSA ¼fot; fo'odekZ&8oh½

n dqN cPps LVst ij tkdj ?kcjkgV ds dkj.k dqN cksy ugha ikrsAysfdu Qqy>M+h* esa vtqZu us fy[kk fd Mj yx jgk Fkk fQj Hkh mlusvius fopkj j[ks] ;g i<+dj vPNk yxkA ¼xkxhZ'kadj&,e-vks-,e-½

n eSu gypy dh okf"kd lnL;rk yh gS ysfdu eq>s vad&12 ds ckndksbZ Hkh vad ugha feykA ¼lqJh ljkst flag pkSgku] ckjg caxyk bVkjlh½

fiz; fe=ksa6 vizSy rd gypy ds vad 13 ds ckn dksbZ vad ugha fudyk gSA nsjh

ds fy, vkils {kek pkgrs gSaA tSlk fd lqJh ljkst th dh ijs'kkuh gSAmUgsa vad 13 vHkh rd ugha fey ik;k gS] blds fy, muls ge O;fDrxr:i ls {kek pkgrs gSaA tYn gh ge mUgsa ;g vad Hkst nsaxsA vHkh dqNlnL;ksa dks ge gypy cqd&iksLV ls Hkst jgs gSa ;fn vkidks gypy dslaca/k esa dksbZ ijs'kkuh ;k f'kdk;r gks rks 'kh?kz lek/kku gsrq eksckby uacj7566213945 ij ,l-,e-,l djsaA viuk iwjk uke vkSj lnL;rk uacjfy[kuk uk HkwysaA

^/kU;okn* gypy Vhe


02

fiz; fe=ksaueLrs

D;k vkids cPps izkFkfed d{kk dh i<+kbZ dj jgs gSa\ ;fn gka rks mulsdfg, fd v[kokj ds dkxt ls tjk ,d gokbZtgkt cuk, vkSj mM+kdj fn[kk,AD;k os bls cuk ik jgs gSa vkSj og Bhd rjg ls mM+ ik jgk gSa\ ;fn ugha rks blckr dh laHkkouk cgqr vf/kd gS fd os 'kgj ds fdlh cM+s vkSj izfrf"Br Ldwy dscPps gksa] D;ksafd fdrkcksa ds cks>] V~;w'ku esa O;LFkrk ds dkj.k bu lc Qkyrw phtksads fy, muds ikl le; gh ugha gksxkA

;g cgqr gh xaHkhj fpark dk fo"k; gSA ftl rjg ds le; dks ge Qkyrwdk le; le>rs gSa mlh Qkyrw le; dh cnkSyr gekjk cPpk pyuk] cksyuk vkSjckr le>uk lh[krk gSA igys 6 lky dh mez esa cPps Ldwy tkrs Fks ij vc 3 lkydh mez ls gh Ldwy tkuk 'kq: gks tkrs gSaA og le; Hkh vk ldrk gS tc cPpsdks iSnk gksrs ls gh fdlh Ldwy esa Mky fn;k tk,A fQj 'kk;n 100 esa ls 80 cPpsbl ijh{kk esa ikl gksaxs vkSj ckdh ekrk&firk dks dg fn;k tk,xk dh vkidk cPpkviuh ftanxh esa 'kk;n dHkh py&fQj vkSj ckr u dj ik,A vr% vki Ldwy dsctk, bls fdlh vPNs ls MkWDVj dks fn[kk,saA mu ikl gksus okys 80 cPpksa ij rksvki viuh dYiukvksa ls ,d cgqr vPNh fdrkc fy[k ldrs gSaA

;gka fpark dk fo"k; ;g gS fd vktdy cPpksa ds gkFkksa dha dkS'ky {kerkde gksrh tk jgh gSA U;wVu vkSj ,fMlu tSls dbZ oSKkfud vius fopkjksa dks ij[kusds fy, iz;ksx djrs FksA bl gsrq mUgsa dbZ u, ;a= cukus gksrs Fks tks os [kqn viusgkFkksa ls rS;kj djrs FksA dHkh&dHkh lg;ksfx;ksa dk lgkjk Hkh ysrs FksA

ij gekjs ;s cPps vius fopkjksa ds vuq:i lkefxz;kW vius gkFkksa ls rS;kjdjuk rks nwj] bl dk;Z dks gh rqPN le>rs gSaA bUgsa rks cl jsMhesM phtsa <wa<us dhvknr gSA buds rks fopkj Hkh vktdy jkscksV dh rjg yxrs gSaA foKku izn'kZfu;ksads vk;kstu ds le; eSus vDlj cPpksa dks cus cuk, foKku izkstsDVksa ds fy, HkVdrsns[kk gSA ;s cPps Hkfo"; esa ,d vPNs eSustj ;k bathfu;j Hkys gh cu tk,sa ysfdubuls ,d vPNs oSKkfud cuus dh mEehn j[kuk eqf'dy gSA

vkidk fe= fodzegypy]vad&14]tuojh&Qjojh 2012]izdk'kd&fl-Dykjk]Mk;jsDVj]thoksn; lkslkbVh]bVkjlh&461111

03

bl ckj ge jsYos LVs'kuksa ij jgus okys cPpksa esa eq[; :i ls yM+fd;ksadks ysdj ckr djsaxsA ;g blfy, Hkh fdljdkj bl le; csVh cpkvks vfHk;ku esatksj&'kksj ls yxh gqbZ gS ysfdu IysVQkeZ

yM+fd;ksa dh lqj{kk dks ysdj ljdkj dh fpark utj ugha vkrhAdYiuk djsa fd dksbZ 12&13 lky dh 8oh d{kk i<+us okyh

yM+dh Ldwy esa [kjkc fjtYV vkus ds dkj.k vius eka&cki ds Mj ls?kj ugha tkrhA mls dqN le> ugha vkrk rks og ikl ds jsYos LVs'kuij tkdj IysVQkeZ ij [kM+h Vªsu esa cSB tkrh gSA dqN ?kaVksa ckn fdlhcM+s ls LVs'ku ij tc Vªsu :drh gS rks og ikuh ihus ds fy, IysVQkeZij mrjrh gSA mls bl ckr dh ijokg ugha gksrh fd xkM+h pyhtk,xh] D;ksafd mldh bPNk ?kj ls tkus dh ugha gS ysfdu og fjtYVds Mj ls ?kj okil Hkh ugha tk ldrhA bl vleatl esa og iklIysVQkeZ ds ,d fljs ij [kkyh csap ij tkdj cSB tkrh gSA buifjfLFkfr;ksa esa mlds lkFk D;k&D;k gks ldrk gS vkxs ns[krs gSaA

tc fdlh dkj.ko'k dksbZ ubZ yM+dh LVs'ku ij vkrh gS vkSjfdlh IysVQkeZ efgyk dh utj iM+rh gS rks og viuk dke djokusds fy, mls laj{k.k esa ys ysrh gSA ij IysVQkeZ ij vlkekftd yksxirk pyrs gh efgyk ij yM+dh lkSius dk noko M+kyus yxrs gSaA

;fn ubZ yM+dh bl bu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa fdlh efgyk dks ughacfYd lh/ks mu vlkekftd yksxksa ;k cM+s IysVQkeZ yM+dksa dks fn[ks rksos igys 'kqHkfpard cudj mlds ikl tkrs gSa vkSj tkudkjh ysrs gSa fdog dgka dh gS] fdlds lkFk gS] D;k mldk dksbZ fj'rsnkj ;gka jgrkgSA jkr gksrs gh yksxksa dh utjksa ls cpdj lko/kkuh iwoZd os mlscgykdj ;k tcjnLrh mBkdj tSlk Hkh ekSdk feys ys tkrs gSaA nksuksagh ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa mldk ;kSu&'kks"k.k gksrk gSA dHkh&dHkh os mlsgypy]vad&14]tuojh&Qjojh 2012]izdk'kd&fl-Dykjk]Mk;jsDVj]thoksn; lkslkbVh]bVkjlh&461111

04

vklikl [kkyh iM+s ;k [kaM+gj gq, ljdkjh edkuksa esa ca/kd cukdjmldk ;kSu 'kks"k.k djrs jgrs gSaA bu ekeyksa dk var yM+dh dh gR;k]vkRegR;k ;k ges'kk ds fy, IysVQkeZ thou viuk ysus ls gksrk gSA

IysVQkeZ ij jgus okys ifjokjksa dh yM+fd;ka Hkh lqjf{kr ughagSaA lqj{kk dh nf"V ls bu yM+fd;ksa dh eka 13 ls 15 lky dh mez esagh fdlh dekus okys yM+ds ls eafnj esa mldh 'kknh dj nsrh gSA

IysVQkeZ ij thoulkFkh vkSj tksfM+;ka cuus ds eq[; vk/kkjyM+dh ds fy, lqj{kk vkSj nksuksa ds fy, ;kSu laca/k cukuk gksrk gSAblfy, yM+dh dh eka dk yM+ds ls le>kSrk djuk] yM+dh ilan vkusij yM+ds }kjk mldh eka dks izHkkfor dj yM+dh ls 'kknh ds fy,jkth djuk] lqj{kk dh nf"V ls fdlh rkdroj yM+ds ds lkFk tksM+hcukdj mlds lkFk jgus yxuk vkfn ;gka ns[kus esa vkrk gSA

yM+ds dh nq?kZVuk esa ekSr gksus] vikfgt gks tkus ;k yacs le;ds fy, tsy pys tkus ls yM+dh ij fdlh vU; 'kfDr'kkyh yM+dsds lkFk jgus dk noko gksrk gS vkSj ;s laca/k VwVrs vkSj u, curs jgrsgSaA cPps ges'kk eka ds lkFk gh jgrs gSa ftuesa vDlj ,d ls vf/kdfirk ls iSnk gq, gksrs gSaA eka dk vf/kdrj /;ku mlds NksVs cPpksa ijgksrk gS vkSj cM+s cPps ds laca/k /khjs&/khjs de gksrs tkrs gSaA

vf/kdka'k IysVQkeZ dh yM+fd;ksa ds ;kSu laca/k ,d ls vf/kdiq:"kksa ds lkFk cuuk r; lk gSA izFke ckj bu laca/kksa ds curs le;bu yMf+d;ksa dh mez lkekU;r% 12 ls 15 lky ds chp gksrh gSA ;syM+fd;ksa tc rd fdlh ,d izHkkoh vlekftd O;fDr ;k cM+sIysVQkeZ yM+ds ds laj{k.k esa ugha jgrh rc rd gj dksbZ viuh ethZls mldk ;kSu 'kks"k.k djrs jgrk gSA

thoksn; laLFkk bVkjlh esa yM+fd;ksa ds fy, ,d ckyxglapkfyr djrh gSA blds lkFk gh fiNys lky ls laLFkk us eq[; :igypy]vad&14]tuojh&Qjojh 2012]izdk'kd&fl-Dykjk]Mk;jsDVj]thoksn; lkslkbVh]bVkjlh&461111

05

ls IysVQkeZ efgykvksa ds fy, dqN ,d egRoiw.kZ xfrfof/k;ka 'kq: dhftuls cnyko ns[kus dks fey jgs gSaA laLFkk esa IysVQkeZ ifjokjksa dhefgykvksa ds lkFk izfrekg ehfVax dk vk;kstu fd;k tkrk gS tgkamuds lkFk vlqjf{kr ;kSu laca/k] ,M~l] ifjokj fu;kstu] ljdkjhnLrkostksa dk egRo] ljdkjh ;kstukvksa] vkfn ij ckr dh tkrh gSAlaLFkk ds lks'ky odZj bu ifjokjksa dks jk'ku dkMZ] oksVj vkbZMh]tUe&eR;q izek.k i= vkfn cuokus vkSj cSad [kkrk [kksyus esa enndjrs gSaA bUgsa flykbZ izf'k{k.k dsanz Hkstk x;k gS o dqN dks IysVQkeZij lQkbZ ds dk;Z esa yxk;k x;k gSA vkmVjhp izksxzke ds tfj,laLFkk dk vkj-ih-,Q-] th-vkj-ih-] dqyh vkfn LVsdgksYMlZ ds lkFkfu;fer laidZ cuk jgrk gS ftlls IysVQkeZ ij vkus okyh bu ubZyM+fd;ksa dh lwpuk Hkh feyrh jgrh gSA

thoksn; laLFkk ds lg;ksx ls fiNys o"kZ rd 8 IysVQkeZefgykvksa us ifjokj fu;kstu Hkh viuk;k gSA IysVQkeZ ifjokjksa esavktdy eqgYyksa esa fdjk, ds dejs ysdj jguk] efgykvksa o cPpksa dkIysVQkeZ ij de utj vkuk] cPpksa dk lkQ lqFkjs jgdj ljdkjhLdwyksa vkSj vkaxuokfM;ksa esa tkuk vkSj nksigj dk Hkkstu djuk] cPpksadks fdlh laLFkk eas jgus ds fy, Hkstuk] jk'ku o feV~Vh dk rsyljdkjh nqdku ls ysuk vkfn cnyko ns[ks tk jgs gSaA bl rjgyM+fd;ksa ds IysVQkeZ u vkus vkSj laLFkkvksa esa jgdj i<+us ls os ;kSu'kks"k.k vkSj de mez esa fookg gksus ls cp jgh gSaA

¼;g ys[k lqJh e;wjh cMksfu;k] Jh iz'kkar cku[ksM+s vkSj dqN IysVQkeZefgykvksa ls ckrphr ds vk/kkj ij rS;kj fd;k x;k gSA lqJh e;wjh thoksn; laLFkk}kjk lapkfyr 'ksYVj gkse esa IysVQkeZ vkSj Lye ,fj;k ds cPpksa ds fy, ukWu QkeZy,tqds'ku vkSj gsYFk ,.M gkbZthu laca/kh xfrfof/k;ksa dk dk;Z ns[krh gSA Jh iz'kkarbVkjlh jsYos LVs'ku ij yxHkx fiNys 10 lkyksa ls laLFkk esa vkmVjhp dk dk;Z ns[kjgs gSaA½


06

pkj nksLr t;ar] tkosn] izgykn vkSj fouksn xfeZ;ksa dh NqV~Vh esataxy ?kweus fudysA pkjksa cgqr gh vPNs nksLro ges'kk nwljksa dh enn djus okys FksA mUgsaizdfr ls cgqr yxko FkkA gjs&gjs isM+&ikS/ks]

fgju] canj] [kjxks'k ns[kuk mUgsa vPNk yxrk FkkA tkosn vkSj t;arrks vDlj taxy ?kweus tk;k djrs ij bl ckj os vius lkFk izgyknvkSj fouksn dks Hkh ys vk, FksA pkjksa taxy dh BaMh gokvksa vkSj isM+ksadh NkWo dk vkuan mBkrs gq, lko/kkuh iwoZd tk jgs FksA jkLrs esa nksuksavius nksLrksa dks le>k jgs Fks fd os taxy esa vdsys b/kj&m/kj utk,saA mUgsa jLrs esa ,d iqy feykA iqy ds Åij ls Vªsu dh iVfj;kW Fkho uhps ls fudyus ds fy, jkLrk cuk gqvk FkkA iqy ds nwljh vksjlhesaV ds dqN ikbi iM+s gq, FksA os ogka tkdj yqdk&fNih dk [ksy[ksyus yxsA t;ar vkSj tkosn us ns[kk fd ikl gh >jus dh vkoktsa

vk jgh gSA nksuksa us izgyknvkSj fouksn ls ogha :dus dks

dgk vkSj os vkokt dh vksjpy iM+sA FkksM+h nwj tkus ij mUgsa

,d unh fn[kkbZ nh ftlesa ,d iryh/kkjk cg jgh FkhA fdukjs ij ,d

xM~Mk Fkk ftlesa ikuh Hkjk FkkA mlesaNksVh&NksVh eNfy;ka rSj jgha FkhA tkosnvkSj t;ar ogha eNfy;ksa ds lkFk [ksy esayx x, vkSj mUgsa le; dk irk gh ughapykA

b/kj izgykn vkSj fouksn vf/kd le;gksus ls ?kcjk x, vkSj nksLrksa dks <wW<us fudy


07

iM+sA t;ar vkSj tkosn Hkh okil vkdj bl ckr dks ysdj fpafrr Fksfd muds nksLr dgka pys x,A ;g lkspdj fd os mUgsa unh dh vksjgh <wa<us x, gksaxs os fQj ls unh dh vksj tkdj mUgsa <wW<us yxsAvpkud mUgsa unh fdukjs >kkfM;ksa ls dqN vtho lh vkoktsa vkbZAnksuksa cM+s gh fuM+j FksA mUgksaus ogka tkdj ns[kk fd ,d fgj.k dhpM+esa Qalh gqbZ gSA tkosn us >V ls ,d cM+h lh ydM+h ys vk;k vkSjmldh enn ls nksuksa us mls dhpM+ ls fudyus esa enn dhA dhpM+ lsfudyus ds ckn fgj.k dqN {k.kksa ds fy, ogka :dk ekuks og mUgsa ennds fy, /kU;okn dj jgk gks] fQj PkkSdM+h Hkjrs gq, ogka ls pyk x;kA

nwljh vksj unh ds fdukjs FkksM+h nwjh ij izgykn vkSj fouksnvius nksLrksa dks <wW< jgs FksA fgj.k us ns[kk fd os yksx ijs'kku ls yxjgs FksA mlus lkspk fd 'kk;n ;s yksx vius nksuksa nksLrksa ls fcNM+ x,gksaxsA fQj mlus bl nksLrksa dks feykus dh ,d rjdhclksphA mlus fNidj iSjksa ls lw[ksiRrksa dh vkokt dhA izgykn vkSjfouksn us tc iRrksadh vkokt lquh rksos ;g lkspdj fdmuds nksLr m/kj gksxs]vkokt nsrs gq, pyiM+sA fgj.k Hkh mulsNqirs gq, iRrksa dhvkokt djrs gq, mlrjQ tkrh jgh tgkWmlus tkosn vkSjt;ar dks ns[kk FkkAgypy]vad&14]tuojh&Qjojh 2012]izdk'kd&fl-Dykjk]Mk;jsDVj]thoksn; lkslkbVh]bVkjlh&461111

08

;gka tkosn vkSj t;ar Hkh vius nksLrksa dks vkoktnsrs gq, <wW< jgs FksA tc os djhc vkrs x, rks mUgsa ,dnwljs dh vkokt Hkh lqukus yxhA bl izdkj os ,dnwljksa dks [kkst ik,A vc dgha tkdj mu yksxksadh tku esa tku vkbZA os,d lkFk FkksM+h nsjds fy, cSB x,Aizgykn crk jgk Fkkfd igys os mUgsa[kkstrs gq, nwljhvksj tk jgs Fks ysfduiRrksa dh vkokt lqudjos bl vksj vkus yxsAfgj.k us viuk vglkunksLrksa dks pqdk fn;kFkkA og ,d ckj fQjmuds ikl xbZ vkSjekuks og mUgsa dg jgh gks fd vc 'kke gksus okyh gS vki yksx ?kjfudy tk,sa eSa Hkh fudy jgh gwWA pkjksa nksLrksa dks iwjh ckr le>rs nsju yxhA fQj os tYnh gh ?kj dh vksj fudy iM+sA

lHkh fp=&lqejry] 5oh]

¼;g dgkuh dq-'kksHkk&5oh] dq-lkUrks&5oh] dq-bZ'ojh&3jh o dq- lfjrkch&7oh us feydj cukbZ gSA ;gka lqejry }kjk cuk, x, rhu fp=ksa dks ns[kdjdgkuh cukus dks dgk FkkA blesa 6 lewgksa us viuh&viuh dgkfu;ka cukbZ FkhA ;gdgkuh muesa ls vPNh yxh blfy, gypy esa Nkih tk jgh gSA½


09

nksLrksa bl ckj cPpksa us ges ^larjs ds cxhps esa fidfud* vkSj^ckykthiqje~ eafnj dh lSj* ds ckjs esadqN etsnkj ckrsa crkbZ gSaA thoksn;laLFkk ls cYykjlkg vkbZ-Vh-vkbZ- djus

ds fy, tkus okys cPps Hkh gypy esa viuh Hkkxhnkjh c<+kuk pkgrs gSaAvkb;s ns[ksa cPps D;k dgrs gSa&ikyh HkkfV;k th ds cxhps dh lSj&n ge yksx Vªd esa cSBdj HkkfV;k vady ds[ksr esa x, rks ogka ij gekjk Lokxr dqRrksaus HkkSddj fd;kA eSa rks xkSre lj ds lkFkvanj pyh xbZA lkUrks]5oh

n lHkh dg jgs Fks fdT;knk larjs er rksM+uk ij

eu ugha eku jgk Fkk vkSj geusNqi&Nqi dj larjs rksM+sA ogha ikl gh[ksr esa xk; dh gM~Mh iM+h Fkh rks gesa

xk; ds Hkwr ls Mj yxus yxkA ek;k] 5oh

n larjs [kkdj ge cksj gks x, rks ikl esa dchV dk isM+ ns[kkA ogka,d ?kj Fkk ftlesa ,d yM+dh FkhA geus mlls iwNk fd ge dchV rksM+ysa rks mlus gka dg fn;kA fQj geus dchV rksM+dj [kk,A vatyh] 5ohA

n Vªd esa vkrs le; npds yx jgs Fks rks lHkh yksx ,d&nwljs dsÅij fxj jgs FksA dqN yksxksa us T;knk [kk fy;k Fkk mUgsa mYVh gks xbZFkhA dqN cPps ,d&nwljs dks csj dh xqBfy;ka ekj jgs FksAA eSuk] 3jhAgypy]vad&14]tuojh&Qjojh 2012]izdk'kd&fl-Dykjk]Mk;jsDVj]thoksn; lkslkbVh]bVkjlh&461111

10

x.kra= fnol&n cjlkr gksus ls Ldwy esadk;Zdze vk/kk gh gks ik;kAfQj ge yksx xka/kh xzkmaMesa dk;Zde ns[kus x,A ogka

,d Ldwy dk Mkal py jgk FkkrHkh ,d dqRrk chp esa ?kql vk;k

vkSj vktw&cktw nkSM+us yxkA lHkhyksxksa dks fQj galh vkus yxhA 'kksHkk] 5ohA

ckykthiqje~ dh lSj&n eafnj ds Åij tkus esa Mj yxjgk FkkA ysfdu igqapdj cM+ketk vk;kA fQj ge uhps vkdj,d cM+s ls lkai dh iwaN esa ls?kqldj eqag esa fudysA eqLdku] 2jhA

n nhnh us gesa uko esa fcBk;kA eSa igyh ckj uko esa cSBk FkkA cM+k etkvk;kA ugkus ds ckn tc ge tk jgs Fks rks x.ks'k ds ihNs dkys eqag dkcanj yx x;kA larks"k] mez 13lkyA

Ogksdsluy Vªsfuax djus okys cPps&n gekjs eksUV&QksVZ vkbZ-Vh-vkbZ gkWLVy esa ,dlIrkg esa rhu ckj v.Ms o nks ckj fpdufeyrk gSA esjk nksLr eq>ls dgrk fd gesabruk vPNk [kkuk feyrk gS fQj Hkh geyksx eksVs D;ksa ugha gksrsA eSus dgk fd cznjftruk f[kykrs gS mlls dbZ xquk T;knk rks xsarh QkoM+k pyokdjfudky ysrs gSaA jkftr] vkbZ-Vh-vkbZ- eksVj eSdsfudA


11

fp=& lqejry] d{kk 5oh

fp=& vatyh] 5oho h

fp=& lat;] 8 lky

fp=& vKkr fp=dkj] le;ksx

fp=& v:.k] 11 lky


12

fp=& 'kk sHkk] 5oh

fp=& lquhy] 13 lky

fp=& lquhy] 13 lky


13

fp=& f'kokuh] 10lky

fp=&mes'k] d{kk 5oh

tuojh vkSj Qjojh ekg 2012 dh ehfVax esa cPpksa us vius vuqHkoksa dsvk/kkj ij ppkZ esa dqN eqn~ns fudkys gSaAbuesa ls dqN egRoiw.kZ eqn~ns vki lHkh dslkFk ;gka fopkj&foe'kZ gsrq fn, tk jgs

gSaA mEehn gS ge lHkh bu eqn~nksa ij vo'; gh xaHkhjrk ls fopkj djsaxsvkSj vU; yksxksa dks bu ppkZvksa esa 'kkfey Hkh djsaxsAekg tuojh 2012 dh ehfVax&

n oSls rks ge cPps Ldwyksa esa f'k{kdksa ds cqjs O;ogkjij dgrs gh jgrs gSa ij gesa ;g Hkh lkspukpkfg, fd ge mudh ckrksa dk et+kd umM+k,sa vkSj mudk vieku djus esa xkSjoeglwl u djsaA

ekg Qjojh 2012 dh ehfVax&

n ek¡ cki dks ;g ugh le>uk pkfg, fdyM+dh dks nwljs ds ?kj tkuk gS rks og i<+fy[k dj D;k djsxhA ;g lc lkspus dsctk; mudks vPNh f'k{kk fnyokuk pkfg,An lHkh cPpksa dks leku le>rs gq, vPNk ekxZn'kZu nsdj mUgs vius y{;

rd igqpus esa mudh enn djuh pkfg, u fd mudks cks> le>ukpkfg,A yM+fd;ksa dks Hkh yM+dksa ds leku f'k{kk fn;k tkuk pkfg,An cky fookg dks jksdk tkuk vfr vko';d gSA blds fy, gj xkWo o

'kgj ds eqgYyksa esa dksbZ O;fDr ;k ,tsalh gksuk pkfg, tks yksxksa dks blckjs esa tkx:d djrs jgs vkSj bl rjg ds ekeyksa ij utj j[ksAle;≤ ij blds fy, f'kfoj dk vk;kstu Hkh gksrs jguk pkfg,A

¼thoksn; laLFkk esa jgus okys cPpksa dh lgHkkfxrk ds fy, ,d ^pkbYM Qksje* dkfuekZ.k 18 vxLr 2011 dks fd;k x;k FkkA Qksje ds lnL;ksa esa Jh euh"k frokjhv/;{k] lqJh iwtk Bkdqj mik/;{k] Jh dqUnu cSxk lfpo] Jh 'kqHke izdk'k milfpovkSj lqJh 'kksHkk iky] lqJh T;ksfr] Jh vtqZu Jh ln~nke] Jh fpUVw lnL; gSaA½gypy]vad&14]tuojh&Qjojh 2012]izdk'kd&fl-Dykjk]Mk;jsDVj]thoksn; lkslkbVh]bVkjlh&461111

14

BaMh vkbZ BaMh vkbZvks<+ks HkkbZ] [kwc jtkbZA

lqcg] jkr&fnu fpeVh [kksyhlnhZ] [kkWlh] ukd cgkbZA

tkuk gS Ldwy lqcg lsjkst&jkst dh vkQr vkbZA

gYnh okys xje nw/k uslcdh BaMh [kwc HkxkbZA

dfork&vatyh

¼vatyh us nks dfcrk,sa fy[kh FkhA ,d dfork gypy dks ysdj FkhA ijarqmijksDr dfork BaMh ij Fkh vkSj ;g ekSle Hkh BaMh dk gSA ;g lkspdj geus bls;gka NkihA dfork i<+us esa vPNh yxs blfy, LVkQ us mls enn dh gSA dfork dsHkko vkSj vk;fM;k ewy :i ls vatyh dk gh gSA½


15

fiNyh ckj geus nouns dkoxhZdj.k ns[kkA nouns dks nks

Hkkxksa esa ckWVk x;k Fkk& common noun

vkSj uncommon noun. ;gka ge common noun ds ckjs esa dqN foLrkjls tkusaxsA

Common nounos noun tks fdlh rjg ls [kkl ugha gSa ;k ;wa dgsa fd vke gS] common

noun gksrs gSaAbUgsa fuEu izdkjksa esa ckaVk tk ldrk gS&¼1½ Collective noun- ;s ,d rjg ds lewgksa ds uke gksrs gSaA ftls ge

Nwdj dg ldsa fd ;s gSaA ;s countable vkSj uncountable nksuksarjg ds gksrs gSaA

Eg: countable collective noun- class, family, army, team. uncountable collective noun- furniture, jewllery.

¼2½Material noun- ;s inkFkksZa ds uke gksrs gSaA inkFkZ countable ughagksrkA

Eg: money, wheat, rice, suggar, hair, milk. note- wheat vkSj rice ds nkus countable gSa ysfdu O;ogkj esa

mUgsa milk dh rjg yhVj dh txg fdyks tSls nwljs noun ds lgkjs fxurs gSaA blfy, mUgsa uncountable gh ekurs gSaA¼3½Abstract noun- ;s noun xq.k n'kk] voLFkk vkSj dk;ksaZ dk cks/k

djkrs gSaA bUgsa bafnz;ksa ds ek/;e ls ugha tku ldrsAEg: honesty, poverty, childhood, fight.

Singular ls Plural noun cukus ds fu;e&

¼1½ lkekU;r% var esa s yxkdj plural cukrs gSaAEg: house- houses, girl- girls


16

¼2½ ftu 'kCnksa ds var esa ch/s/sh/ss/x/o gksrs gSa] muds var esa es

yxkrs gSaaAEg: bus- buses, box- boxes

note- branch esa p dk mPpkj.k vk/ks p ds leku gSA ;fn blds ckn s yxk,saxs rks vk/ks p dk mPpkj.k ugha gks ik,xk blfy, ;gka

es yxkdj czkaUpl i<+rs gSaA¼3½;fn var esa fdlh consonant ds ckn y vkrk gS rks ies yxkrs gS

ysfdu fdlh vowel ds ckn y vkrk gS rks s yxkrs gSAEg: copy- copies, toy- toys¼4½;fn noun ds var esa f ;k fe vkrk gS rks lkekU;r% f gVkdj ves

dj nsrs gSaAEg: leaf- leaves, knife- knives,

note- dqN viokn gSa roof- roofs, safe- safes

¼5½dqN noun dk :i cnydj plural cukrs gSaAEg: child- children, woman¼owesu½- women¼oheu½, tooth- teeth,

foot- feet.¼6½dqN noun esa singular vkSj plural ,d lk gksrk gSAEg: deer- deer, fish- fish/fishes.¼7½dqN ,sals noun gksrs gSa tks dsoy plural esa gh bLrseky fd, tkrs gSaAEg: people, cattle ¼i'kq½, clothes ¼clothes ;kuh flys diM+s

ftldk singular ugha gksrkA tcfd cloth ;kfu diM+k tks fdmaterial gS vkSj uncountable gSAnote- nks vaxksa okyh phtksa ds uke plural esa gh gksrs gSaA tSlsscissors ¼dSph½, pants, trousers, salwars, payjamas, jeans,

spectacles, glasses, goggles, tongs ¼lalh½, pliers, forceps

¼fpeVh½, ;fn ,d dSph dguk gS rks dgsaxs fd one pair of seissors.

dze'k%-------


17

varjkZ"Vªh;@jk"Vªh;&1- baXySaM esa jg jgs o izfl) miU;kl ^feMukbV~l fpYMªu* ds Hkkjrh;

ewy ds ys[kd lyeku :'nh ohfM;ks dkaQzsaflx ds tfj, t;iqjlkfgR; mRlo dks lacksf/kr djus okys FksA ysfdu eqfLye leqnk; dsfojks/k ds dkj.k ;g dk;Zdze jí djuk iM+kA ^lSusfVd olsZt+*miU;kl esa bLyke fojks/kh fVIif<+;ksa ds dkj.k os fookfnr gSaA

2- mRrjizns'k ds 2012 ds fo/kkulHkk pquko esa dsUnzh; dkuwu ea=h uspquko vk;ksx ds funsZ'kksa ds ckotwn eqfLye vkj{k.k dh ckr dgdjvkpkj lafgrk dk mYya?ku fd;kA pquko vk;ksx us bldh f'kdk;rjk"Vªifr ls dh gSA bfrgkl esa ,slk igyk ekeyk gS tc pquko vk;ksxdks jk"Vªifr ls f'kdk;r djuh iM+h gksA

3- ukosZ ds LVkoSaxj esa jgus okys vizoklh Hkkjrh; naifRr ls ogka dhljdkj ds pkbYM ds;j foHkkx us muds nks cPpksa dks bl vk/kkj ijmuls ys fy;k fd os vius cPpksa dks i;kZIr lqfo/kk,sa ugha ns ik jgs gSaAfiNys vkB ekg ls eka&cki cPpksa dks ikus ds fy, HkVd jgs FksA bllaca/k esa Hkkjr ljdkj vkSj ukosZ ljdkj ds chp ckrphr tkjh gSA

4- bVyh ds ,d ekyokgd tgkt ^,ufjdk ysDlh* ds lqj{kkdfeZ;ksa usnks Hkkjrh; eNqvkjksa dks leqnzh yqVsjs le>dj xksyh ekj nh ftllsmudh ekSr gks xbZA ;g ?kVuk dsjy ds vkykiq>k rV ls egt 14 ehynwj dh gSA fQygky tgkt dks dksfPp rV ij jksd fy;k x;k gS vkSjiqfyl baDok;jh tkjh gSA

5- fof'k"V ukxfjd lEeku iù&Hkw"k.k izkIr varfj{k vuqla/kku laxBu¼bljks½ ds v/;{k Jh ek/kou uk;j o iwoZ v/;{k o rhu vU; dks,afVªDl nsokl le>kSrs ekeys esa dkyh lwph esa M+kyrs gq, Hkfo"; esafdlh ljdkjh ukSdjh ds fy, izfrcaf/kr dj fn;kA Jh ds dk;Zdkyesa gh panz;ku&1 vfHk;ku lQyrk iwoZd laiUu gqvk FkkA


18

QkeZ dks ;gka ls dkVdj vFkok QksVksdkih djds Hkjdj izdk'kd ds irs ij Hkstsa vFkokesy djsaA QkeZ iwjk HkjsaA


19


20

le;ksx ifj;kstuk&IysVQkeZ vkSj vklikl jgus@?kweus okys ifjokjksao cPpksa ds fy, ts-ts bdkbZ;ksa ds lkFk feydj vkmVjhp xfrfof/k;kapykuk vkSj mUgsa IysVQkeZ NksM+us gsrq izsfjr djuk gSA

Fbl ifj;kstuk dh egRoiw.kZ xfrfof/k;ka&l 24?kaVs 'ksYVj l fM&,fMD'ku l tkac IyslesaV l LVsdgksYMj ehfVaxl Vsfyfotu l esfMdy dsai ldkmalfyax l gSYFk ,aM gkbthul ,u-,Q-bZ- l Qsfeyh ehfVax l ckylHkk l [ksydwn xfrfcf/kl QsfLVoy l fidfud l ckyesyk l Ogksds'kuy Vªsfuax

dksvkfMZusVj& Jh nhid feL=h] laidZ&07572241531] 8435645949

LikdZ ifj;kstuk&IysVQkeZ ij jgus@?kweus okys yM+dksa ds fy, ,diquoZlu dsUnz gSA ;gka muds vkJ; vkSj vk/kkjHkwr t:jrksa dh iwfrZ of'k{kk dh O;oLFkk dh tkrh gSA

Fbl ifj;kstuk dh egRoiw.kZ xfrfcf/k;ka&l QsfLVoy l fidfud l ckyesyk l Ogksds'kuy Vªsfuaxl ,tqds'ku l [ksydwn l uSfrd f'k{kk l pkbYM ikfyZ;kesaVldjkrs l dSfj;j xkbMsal l Mkal l E;wftdl Mªkbax ldkmalfyax l xkMZfuax l ,Dlikstj fc+ftVl fidfud ldzk¶V&Vsyfjax l ;ksxk l izkFkZuk ,oa ewY;kadu

dksvkfMZusVj& Jh jkgqy cMksfu;k] laidZ&07572230490] 9827985013

fpjkx ifj;kstuk&;g ifj;kstuk yM+fd;ksa dk iquoZlu dsUnz gS ;gkalHkh xfrfof/k;ka LikdZ ifj;kstuk dh gh rjg pykbZ tkrh gSAizkstsDV dksvkfMZusVj&lqJh iwtk jko] laidZ&07572236191] 9713814058

¼thoksn; laLFkk cky vf/kdkjksa dh ,MCgksdslh gsrq ftyk cky vf/kdkj eapgks'kaxkckn dk leUo;u djrh gS ftlesa vHkh 40 ls vf/kd laLFkk,sa vkSjokysafV;lZ lnL; gSaA lkFk gh ftys esa pkbYM QzsMyh ekgkSy cukus vkSj ckylaj{k.k gsrq laLFkk us ofdZax desVh dk xBu fd;k gS ftlesa 30 'kkldh; ov'kkldh; laLFkk,sa o okysafV;lZ lnL; gSaA nksuksa lfefr;ksa dh cSBd izfrekgpkSFks 'kfuokj 2 cts ls gksrh gSA½

u bZlkbZ] u flD[kksa dku eqfLye] u fganw dkAyky gjk] I;kjk I;kjk lk>aMk gS ;s] fiaVw dkA

fiaVw ds ikik us mldksijlksa gh fnyok;k FkkAgesa crkus fiaVw usLdwy esa ysdj vk;k FkkA

fp=& ’kksHkk] d{kk 5oha

fp= & vatyh] d{kk 5oha - jeevodaya - working for platform ... rks nwj] bl dk;z dks gh rqpn...

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