concepts in emergency management summary - who elements of preparedness. 14 concepts in emergency...
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Concepts in Emergency Management
The basis of EHA Training Programmes in WPRO
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Health Sector Emergency Managers
are concerned withpublic safety public safety and public healthpublic health
Our clients arethreatened or injured and damaged
communitiescommunities
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A Community A Community ……consists of 5 elements (each of which has specific
vulnerabilities from specific hazards):the peopletheir property (infrastructure,possessions and assets; public, private and cultural)their services (government and non-government, commercial and voluntary)their livelihoods (urban and rural, formal and informal)their environment (air, water and soil; urban and rural, built and natural)
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HazardsHazards
There are 4 classes of hazard:Natural hazardsTechnological hazardsBiological hazardsSocietal hazards
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is:
any potential threat to public health and safety
A HazardA Hazard
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An EmergencyAn Emergency
is:
any actual threat to public health and safety
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are:
the consequences of exposure to a hazard
RisksRisks
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dead and missing;injury (mental and physical);disease (mental and physical);secondary hazards (fire, disease etc.);contamination;displacement;breakdown in security;damage to infrastructure;breakdown in essential services.loss of property;loss of income …
Risks = consequences, outcomes
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are:
determinants of risk (outcomes, consequences)
VulnerabilitiesVulnerabilities
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Access to health careMeasles vaccination coverage rateUnder 5 nutrition rateUnder 5 mortality rate
Access to safe waterAccess to sanitationAccess to adequate housingAccess to regular source of incomeFemale literacy rates
Determinants of risk (people)
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are:
determinants of risk
CapacitiesCapacities
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is:
Measures to build capacities
PreparednessPreparedness
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Legal Framework
National levelNational levelPoliciesProceduresGuidelines
Local levelLocal levelPlansResourcesAuthority
Personal levelPersonal levelKnowledgeSkillsAttitudes
Ten elements of preparednessTen elements of preparedness
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A DisasterA Disaster
is:an emergency
in which local authoritiescannot cope
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find and rescue victimsevacuate victims to safe placeprovide first aid and medical transporttreat the injuredprovide shelter, sanitation, food and watercare for the dead and manage the missingestablish securityre-establish the lifelines (water, power, phone)plan and pay for recovery and reconstruction
they don’t have capacity to meet urgent needs:
Local authorities are unable to cope
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The goal of emergency emergency managementmanagement
isto protect public health and safetyto protect public health and safety
regardless of scale/cause
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All disasters are emergenciesbut not all emergencies are
disasters
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Two types of emergencies
Non-disaster emergenciesThe local emergency services are not part of
the affected population or group, and can function normallyDisaster emergencies
The local emergency services are themselves victims and cannot function effectively
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hazard
DisasterEmergency
Non-Disaster Emergency
• Reconstruction of the community
• Emergency services also victims
emergency
Local floods, storms etc.
Epidemics
Transport / Industrial accidents
Environmental pollution
community+
threat to public safety
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Non Disaster Emergency
Local capacities can cope
Disaster Emergency
International, national and local re-sponse needed
People Property Services Livelihoods Environment
natural technological biological societal
HAZARD
COMMUNITY
threat to public safety
• Surge in demand • Local services intact • Resources may or may not
be adequate or sufficient
• Surge in demand • Local services cannot
function normally • Resources destroyed,
damaged, inadequate and/or insufficient
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Disaster Management is:80% generic 15% specific 5% uniqueto all disasters to the hazard to the event
1. OrganisationEOC earthquake timecoordination large numbers of trapped and injured placecommunications large numbers of homeless and displaced weathertransport large numbers of dead and missinglogistics geographyinformation dead, injured and missing staff climatereporting damaged critical infrastruture (hospitals)2. Response loss of water, electricity, phone networks securitysearch and rescue loss of road, sea, air, rail accessevacuation politicsmass casualty management long period of SAR, victim extraction economydead and missing high demand for FA, stretchers, triage, medical transport governancesecurity high demand for beds, surgery, blood products, referraltemporary shelter high demand for temporary shelter, food, emergency management capacityemergency water, sanitation and energy water, energy, clothing, tents, blankets logistics capacityemergency food supplies wound infections, amputations, tetanusemergency public and environmental health high demand for orthotics, prosthetics, disability, dental leadershipemergency engineering and public works demand for specialised spinal and head injury care solidarity3. Recovery high demand for psychosocial support of victims and staff moralelifelinescurative and public health care few outbreaks of communicable diseases corruptioneducation variable demand for medicines and equipmentagriculture (acute injury care - high, infectious disease - low,trade and commerce potentially unstable chronic disease - medium)4. Rehabilitation and Reconstructionpeople contamination of water, air and soilproperty toxic chemical and gas leaks/spillsservices urban fires, explosionslivelihoods contaminated, infested and unsafe foodsenvironment increased vector breeding
loss of livelihoods, markets, distribution networks
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1. selects a hazard2. maps the distribution of the hazard3. identifies the communities exposed to the hazard4. predicts the consequences of that hazard interacting with
that community at a certain time in a certain season5. analyses each of the 5 elements of community in terms
of that hazard to identify the factors which will lead to each consequence i.e. determines the vulnerabilities of each element
6. identifies the capacities within the community to respond to that hazard
7. Undertake interventions to reduce risks by reducing exposure to hazards, reducing vulnerabilities and building capacities
The Risk Analysis process
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Risk analysis
risk analysis is based on the formula:
Public Safety Risk is proportional to:
Probability of hazard X Vulnerabilities---------------------
Capacities
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The purpose of a risk analysis is to guide communities in planning for protecting health and safety by developing and maintaining 3 sets of plans:
Hazard Reduction PlansVulnerability Reduction PlansEmergency Preparedness Plans
Risk analysis
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Outcome of our work
Safer and healthier communities
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Key learning points
The Risk Management Framework uses:4 classes of hazard5 elements of community10 components of preparedness
to produce:3 sets of community plans
to protect public health and safetyin communities
Concepts in Emergency Management
Thank you