COMPOSITIONOF TRADE

AUSTRALIA2014-15

Composition of Trade Australia

2014-15

Economic Diplomacy, Trade Advocacy & Statistics Section Department of Foreign Affairs & Trade

December 2015

ISSN 1320-7547 (Print) ISSN 2200-6095 (Online) ISBN 978-1-74322-292-8 (Book) ISBN 978-1-74322-291-1 (PDF format)

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These two pivot tables are published on a calendar and financial year basis.

ii) Australia’s direction of goods and services trade:

Time series spreadsheets covering Australia’s trade in goods and services (exports, imports & two-way trade). Data on goods, services and goods and services is published for 34 of Australia’s major trading partners, as well as data by broad geographic groups and selected country groups.

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- v -

Contents

Table No. Page . . Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. viii . . Australia’s trade highlights 2014-15 ....................................................................................................... 1 . . Australia’s composition of trade ............................................................................................................. 3 . . Australia’s direction of trade ................................................................................................................... 6 . . Australia’s merchandise trade by level of processing ............................................................................ 7 . . Commodity forecasts .............................................................................................................................. 8

Feature articles:

. . Australia’s imports of Aircraft & parts - update for 2014 ......................................................................... 9

. . Low value threshold goods ..................................................................................................................... 15

. . Graphs: Australia’s trade with the top two-way trading partners ............................................................ 18 AUSTRALIA’S TRADE ON A BALANCE OF PAYMENTS BASIS Section 1 – Australia’s trade in goods and services 1 Australia’s trade in goods and services, balance of payments basis ..................................................... 22 2 Australia’s trade in goods and services, current price ............................................................................ 23 3 Australia’s trade in goods and services, chain volume measures .......................................................... 24 4 Australia’s top 25 goods and services exports ....................................................................................... 25 5 Australia’s top 25 goods and services imports ....................................................................................... 26

Section 2 – Direction of Australia’s trade in goods and services 6 Australia’s rank in world goods and services exports and imports ......................................................... 28 7 Australia’s trade in goods and services by top 15 partners .................................................................... 29 8 Australia’s total trade in goods and services by selected countries and regions ................................... 31 9 Australia’s exports of goods and services by selected countries and regions ....................................... 32 10 Australia’s imports of goods and services by selected countries and regions ....................................... 33

Section 3 – Australia’s trade in services 11 Australia’s exports of services, by type of activity .................................................................................. 36 Graphs: Australia’s exports and imports of services .............................................................................. 37 12 Australia’s imports of services, by type of activity .................................................................................. 38 13 Australia’s trade in services by top 10 partners, 2014-15 ...................................................................... 39 14 Australia’s total trade in services by selected countries and regions ..................................................... 41 15 Australia’s exports of services by selected countries and regions ......................................................... 42 16 Australia’s imports of services by selected countries and regions ......................................................... 43

AUSTRALIA’S MERCHANDISE TRADE ON A RECORDED TRADE BASIS Section 4 – Australia’s merchandise trade by level of processing 17 Australia's merchandise trade by broad category, total exports and imports ......................................... 47 18 Australia's merchandise exports by broad category, Australian produced exports ................................ 48 19 Australia's total merchandise exports by broad level of processing ....................................................... 49 20 Australia's total merchandise imports by broad level of processing ....................................................... 50 21 Australian produced exports by broad level of processing ..................................................................... 51 22 Australia's total merchandise exports by level of processing ................................................................. 52 23 Australia's total merchandise imports by level of processing ................................................................. 54 24 Australian produced exports by level of processing ............................................................................... 56

continued

- vi -

Contents (cont’d)

Table No. Page

Section 5 – Australia’s merchandise commodity ranking 25 Australia's major merchandise exports – rank, value and growth .......................................................... 60 26 Australia's major merchandise imports – rank, value and growth .......................................................... 62

Section 6 – Direction of Australia’s merchandise trade ranking tables 27 Australia's merchandise trade by country, 2014-15 ............................................................................... 66 28 Australia's merchandise export markets................................................................................................. 71 29 Australia's merchandise import sources ................................................................................................. 76 30 Australia's merchandise trade by country and regional groups .............................................................. 81 31 Australia's merchandise exports by country and regional groups .......................................................... 82 32 Australia's merchandise imports by country and regional groups .......................................................... 83

Section 7 – Australia’s major merchandise trading partners, top 20 exports and imports Country tables 33 Australia’s merchandise trade with Canada ........................................................................................... 86 34 Australia’s merchandise trade with China .............................................................................................. 87 35 Australia’s merchandise trade with France ............................................................................................ 88 36 Australia’s merchandise trade with Germany ......................................................................................... 89 37 Australia’s merchandise trade with Hong Kong (SAR of China) ............................................................ 90 38 Australia’s merchandise trade with India ................................................................................................ 91 39 Australia’s merchandise trade with Indonesia ........................................................................................ 92 40 Australia’s merchandise trade with Ireland ............................................................................................. 93 41 Australia’s merchandise trade with Italy ................................................................................................. 94 42 Australia’s merchandise trade with Japan .............................................................................................. 95 43 Australia’s merchandise trade with Malaysia ......................................................................................... 96 44 Australia’s merchandise trade with the Netherlands .............................................................................. 97 45 Australia’s merchandise trade with New Zealand .................................................................................. 98 46 Australia’s merchandise trade with Papua New Guinea ........................................................................ 99 47 Australia’s merchandise trade with the Philippines ................................................................................ 100 48 Australia’s merchandise trade with the Republic of Korea ..................................................................... 101 49 Australia’s merchandise trade with Singapore ....................................................................................... 102 50 Australia’s merchandise trade with Spain .............................................................................................. 103 51 Australia’s merchandise trade with Switzerland ..................................................................................... 104 52 Australia’s merchandise trade with Taiwan ............................................................................................ 105 53 Australia’s merchandise trade with Thailand .......................................................................................... 106 54 Australia’s merchandise trade with the United Arab Emirates ............................................................... 107 55 Australia’s merchandise trade with the United Kingdom ........................................................................ 108 56 Australia’s merchandise trade with the United States ............................................................................ 109 57 Australia’s merchandise trade with Vietnam .......................................................................................... 110 Country group tables 58 Australia’s merchandise trade with Africa .............................................................................................. 111 59 Australia’s merchandise trade with the Americas ................................................................................... 112 60 Australia’s merchandise trade with APEC .............................................................................................. 113 61 Australia’s merchandise trade with ASEAN ........................................................................................... 114 62 Australia’s merchandise trade with Asia ................................................................................................. 115 63 Australia’s merchandise trade with Europe ............................................................................................ 116 64 Australia’s merchandise trade with the European Union ........................................................................ 117 65 Australia’s merchandise trade with Oceania & Antarctica ...................................................................... 118 66 Australia’s merchandise trade with the OECD ....................................................................................... 119 67 Australia’s merchandise trade with All countries .................................................................................... 120

- vii -

Contents (cont’d)

Page

Technical appendices Appendix A – Explanatory notes .......................................................................................................................... 122 Appendix B – Composition of regions & country groups ...................................................................................... 130 Appendix C – Abbreviations and symbols used in all DFAT trade statistical publications ................................... 133 Appendix D – Confidential exports in the SITC 988 ............................................................................................. 136 Appendix E – ABS trade commodities classified to TRIEC 3041 – confidential trade ......................................... 138 Appendix F – Goods and services rankings ........................................................................................................ 140 Appendix G – DFAT adjustments to ABS official trade data ................................................................................ 142 Appendix H – TRIEC classification ...................................................................................................................... 157

- viii -

Introduction

Composition of Trade, Australia (COT) concentrates on the major trends in Australia’s trade statistics, looking at both trends in goods and services (on a balance of payments basis) and merchandise trade (on a recorded trade basis), including trade data by DFAT’s own trade classification - Trade Import Export Classification (TRIEC) and the United Nations’ Standard International Trade Classification (SITC).

The publication is divided into two major segments:

Australia’s trade on a balance of payments basis

Sections 1, 2 & 3 Section 1 provides summary data on Australia’s goods and services showing current price values, chain volume measures, movements in export and import prices and the terms of trade.

Section 2 shows the direction of Australia’s trade in goods and services to selected countries and regions, including Australia’s rank in world goods and services exports and imports.

Section 3 presents Australia’s composition of services trade by type of activity and the direction of services trade to selected countries and regions.

Australia’s merchandise trade on a recorded trade basis

Sections 4 to 7 Section 4 details Australia's merchandise trade by broad category and level of processing, including data on Australian produced exports. Section 5 provides commodity rankings for Australia’s major merchandise exports and imports by rank, value and growth.

Section 6 shows the direction of Australia’s merchandise trade by country by rank and selected regional groups.

Section 7 gives a detailed commodity breakdown of Australia’s top 25 trading partners by the top 20 merchandise exports and imports as well as by selected regions and economies (e.g. APEC, Europe).

This publication is designed to be used in conjunction with DFAT’s time series trade data products available on the DFAT website in Microsoft Excel format. These products include more detailed trade data by all countries and longer time series.

The website contains the following products.

• Three MS Excel time series spreadsheets covering

o Australia’s trade in goods and services with selected countries and country groups

o Australia’s trade and economic indicators – historical data

o Australia’s direction of merchandise trade – historical data

• Two MS Excel Pivot tables

o Australia's merchandise exports and imports by all countries and selected country groups by SITC at the 3-digit level and

o Australia's merchandise exports and imports by all countries and selected country groups by DFAT's TRIEC at the 1-, 2-, 3- and 4-digit levels.

- 1 -

Australia’s trade highlights 2014-151

Australia’s total trade in goods and services

Based on ABS catalogues 5368.0 and 5302.0.

• The value of total trade in goods and services decreased 1.5 per cent to $660.0 billion.

• In volume terms, total trade increased 3.3 per cent in 2014-15 compared with 2013-14

– since 2009-10, total trade values have increased by an average of 4.8 per cent per annum while volumes increased 4.3 per cent per annum.

• The trade balance recorded a trade deficit of $22.6 billion in 2014-15, a rise of $14.7 billion on the deficit of $7.8 billion in 2013-14.

Australia’s exports of goods and services

Based on ABS catalogues 5368.0 and 5302.0.

• The value of exports decreased 3.8 per cent to $318.7 billion

– however, since 2009-10 export values have increased by an average of 4.2 per cent per annum.

• Export volumes increased 6.6 per cent

– export volumes have risen by an average rate of 5.0 per cent per annum since 2009-10.

Australia’s imports of goods and services

Based on ABS catalogues 5368.0 and 5302.0.

• The value of imports increased 0.7 per cent to $341.3 billion

– since 2009-10 import values have increased by an average of 5.3 per cent per annum.

• Import volumes increased 0.1 per cent

– import volumes have risen by an average rate of 3.7 per cent per annum since 2009-10.

1 Balance of payments basis.

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

2004-05 2006-07 2008-09 2010-11 2012-13 2014-15Export values Import values

A$b A$b

-15-10-505

1015202530

2004-05 2006-07 2008-09 2010-11 2012-13 2014-15

Values Volumes

% change

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

2004-05 2006-07 2008-09 2010-11 2012-13 2014-15

Values Volumes

% change

- 2 -

Terms of trade

Based on ABS catalogues 5368.0 and 5302.0.

• Australia’s terms of trade2 fell 10.2 per cent in 2014-15

– this was the result of export prices falling 9.7 per cent while import prices rose 0.6 per cent.

• Since 2009-10, export prices have fallen at an average rate of 0.7 per cent per annum and import prices have risen at an annual average rate of 1.5 per cent.

Table A: Australia's exports of goods and services (a)

Values

Volumes (b)

Change in

2013-14 2014-15 Growth

2013-14 2014-15 Growth

prices

$m $m % $m $m % %

Total goods & services exports 331,241 318,737 -3.8

331,241 352,948 6.6

-9.7

Rural 39,800 42,577 7.0

39,800 39,976 0.4

6.5

Minerals & fuels 165,900 142,991 -13.8

165,900 182,193 9.8

-21.5

Manufactures 42,081 43,517 3.4

42,081 41,065 -2.4

6.0

Other goods 26,089 26,882 3.0

26,089 28,012 7.4

-4.0

Services 57,371 62,770 9.4

57,371 61,705 7.6

1.7

(a) Balance of payments basis. (b) Chain volume measures - reference year 2013-14.

Based on ABS catalogue 5302.0.

2 The terms of trade are calculated as the ratio of the prices we receive for our exports to the prices we pay for our imports.

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

2004-05 2006-07 2008-09 2010-11 2012-13 2014-15

Index 2013-14=100

Index 2013-14=100

- 3 -

Australia’s composition of trade3

Australia’s exports of Rural goods

Based on ABS catalogues 5368.0 and 5302.0.

• Exports of Rural goods increased 7.0 per cent to $42.6 billion in 2014-15 (refer to Table A)

– in volume terms, Rural goods increased 0.4 per cent and prices received rose 6.5 per cent.

• Meat & meat preparations recorded the largest rise in Rural goods, increasing by 31.6 per cent to $13.0 billion. Wool & sheepskins increased 9.6 per cent to $3.2 billion. Cereal grains & cereal preparations fell 4.6 per cent to $8.9 billion; and Other rural fell 1.0 per cent to $17.6 billion.

Australia’s exports of Minerals & fuels

Based on ABS catalogues 5368.0 and 5302.0.

• Exports of Minerals & fuels decreased 13.8 per cent to $143.0 billion in 2014-15

– in volume terms, Minerals & fuels increased 9.8 per cent while prices received fell 21.5 per cent.

• Exports of Metal ores & minerals fell 19.1 per cent to $78.1 billion, Coal decreased 5.2 per cent to $38.0 billion and Other mineral fuels fell 7.9 per cent to $26.9 billion.

Australia’s exports of Manufactures

Based on ABS catalogues 5368.0 and 5302.0.

• Exports of Manufactures increased 3.4 per cent to $43.5 billion in 2014-15

– in volume terms, Manufactures decreased 2.4 per cent while prices received rose 6.0 per cent.

• Exports of Transport equipment rose 11.5 per cent to $5.7 billion; Machinery rose 9.2 per cent to $9.9 billion; Other manufactures rose 0.8 per cent to $16.9 billion while Metals (excl gold) decreased 1.0 per cent to $11.0 billion.

3 Balance of payments basis.

-10-505

101520253035

Total Meat Cereals Wool Other rural

% change

Value Volume

-25-20-15-10-505

101520

Total Metal ores Coal Other mineralfuels

% change

Value Volume

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

Total Metals Machinery Transportequip.

Othermanuf.

% change

Value Volume

- 4 -

Australia’s exports of Other goods

Based on ABS catalogues 5368.0 and 5302.0.

• Exports of Other goods increased 3.0 per cent to $26.9 billion in 2014-15

– in volume terms, Other goods increased 7.4 per cent and prices received fell 4.0 per cent.

• Within Other goods, exports of Non-monetary gold rose 0.5 per cent (or $77 million) to $14.2 billion in 2014-15.

Australia’s exports of selected Services

Based on ABS catalogues 5368.0 and 5302.0.

• The value of Services increased 9.4 per cent to $62.8 billion

– in volume terms, Services increased 7.6 per cent and prices received rose 1.7 per cent.

• Exports of Transport services rose 2.9 per cent to $6.7 billion, Travel services rose 10.2 per cent to $37.3 billion and Other services4 rose 10.6 per cent to $18.8 billion.

Australia’s principal goods & services exports

Based on ABS trade data on the DFAT STARS database and ABS catalogue 5302.0.

4 Other services consists of services such as: Construction; Insurance & pension; Financial; Intellectual property charges; Telecommunications, computer & information; Other business services; Personal, cultural & recreational; and Government services. It excludes Manufacturing services on physical inputs owned by others and Maintenance & repair services nie.

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Total Gold Other goods nes

% change

Value Volume

0

2

4

6

8

10

Total Transport Travel Other

% change

Value Volume

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000

Wheat

Aluminium ores & conc (incl alumina)

Beef, f.c.f.

Crude petroleum

Gold

Personal travel (excl education) services

Natural gas

Education-related travel services

Coal

Iron ores & concentrates

A$ million

2014-15

2013-14

2012-13

- 5 -

Australia’s imports of Goods

Based on ABS catalogues 5368.0 and 5302.0.

• Imports of Consumption goods increased 6.4 per cent to $86.7 billion in 2014-15 (up 2.7 per cent in volume terms).

• In 2014-15, imports of Capital goods increased 0.6 per cent to $65.1 billion (down 3.7 per cent in volume terms).

• Imports of Intermediate & other goods decreased 2.1 per cent to $114.5 billion in 2014-15 (up 3.7 per cent in volume terms).

• In 2014-15, imports of Non-monetary gold decreased 11.3 per cent to $3.7 billion (down 3.9 per cent in volume terms).

Australia’s imports of selected Services

Based on ABS catalogues 5368.0 and 5302.0.

• Imports of Services fell 0.6 per cent to $71.2 billion in 2014-15

– in volume terms, Services decreased 5.3 per cent while prices received rose 4.9 per cent.

• Imports of Transport services decreased 0.1 per cent to $17.1 billion, Travel services fell 4.0 per cent to $28.9 billion and Other services5 rose 4.8 per cent to $24.8 billion.

Australia’s principal goods & services imports

Based on ABS trade data on the DFAT STARS database and ABS catalogue 5302.0.

5 Other services consists of services such as: Construction; Insurance & pension; Financial; Intellectual property charges; Telecommunications, computer & information; Other business services; Personal, cultural & recreational; and Government services. It excludes Manufacturing services on physical inputs owned by others and Maintenance & repair services nie.

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

Total Consump. Capital Interm. &other

Gold

% change

Value Volume

-10.0

-7.5

-5.0

-2.5

0.0

2.5

5.0

Total Transport Travel Other

% change

Value Volume

0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000

Goods vehicles

Passenger transport services (d)

Medicaments (incl veterinary)

Computers

Freight services

Telecom equipment & parts

Crude petroleum

Refined petroleum

Passenger motor vehicles

Personal travel (excl education) services

A$ million

2014-15

2013-14

2012-13

- 6 -

Australia’s direction of trade6

• China was Australia’s largest individual two-way goods and services trading partner in 2014-15, accounting for 22.7 per cent ($149.8 billion) of total trade. Japan was the second largest trading partner accounting for 10.3 per cent ($67.7 billion) followed by the United States, accounting for 9.8 per cent ($64.6 billion).

• APEC members accounted for 72.5 per cent of Australia’s total trade; ASEAN members accounted for 14.9 per cent; members of the European Union accounted for 12.6 per cent; G20 members accounted for 68.8 per cent and OECD countries accounted for 44.3 per cent.

• In 2014-15 exports to: APEC members decreased 6.4 per cent; ASEAN members increased 8.0 per cent; members of the European Union increased 3.8 per cent; G20 members fell 6.9 per cent and OECD countries fell 1.5 per cent.

• Imports from: APEC members increased 4.0 per cent; ASEAN members decreased 5.4 per cent; members of the European Union fell 2.2 per cent; G20 members rose 4.7 per cent and OECD countries increased 2.2 per cent.

Major goods and services export markets

Based on ABS trade data on the DFAT STARS database, ABS catalogue 5368.0.55.004 and unpublished ABS data.

• China was Australia’s largest export market, accounting for 28.3 per cent ($90.3 billion) of total exports in 2014-15

– decreasing 16.0 per cent.

• Japan was Australia’s second largest export market ($46.6 billion)

– decreasing 8.8 per cent.

• the United States was Australia’s third largest market ($20.5 billion)

– increasing 20.0 per cent.

Major goods and services import sources

Based on ABS trade data on the DFAT STARS database, ABS catalogue 5368.0.55.004 and unpublished ABS data.

• China was Australia’s largest import source, accounting for 17.4 per cent ($59.5 billion) of total imports in 2014-15

– increasing 13.9 per cent.

• The United States was Australia’s second largest import source ($44.1 billion)

– increasing 6.6 per cent.

• Japan was Australia’s third largest import source ($21.1 billion)

– decreasing 0.2 per cent.

6 Goods on a recorded trade basis and services on a balance of payments basis.

0

30

60

90

120

China Japan UnitedStates

Republicof Korea

India NewZealand

2012-132013-142014-15

A$b

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

China UnitedStates

Japan Singapore Republicof Korea

Germany

2012-13

2013-14

2014-15

A$b

- 7 -

Australia’s merchandise trade by level of processing7

Exports • In 2014-15, exports of Unprocessed primary products decreased 14.4 per cent to $140.5 billion and

Processed primary products increased 8.1 per cent to $50.4 billion. Exports of Manufactures rose 3.2 per cent to $43.4 billion, with Simply transformed manufactures (STM) exports rising 5.5 per cent to $14.1 billion and Elaborately transformed manufactures (ETM) exports rising 3.3 per cent to $29.3 billion. Other goods (mainly Gold and confidential trade items) exports increased 1.7 per cent to $20.3 billion.

Merchandise exports by level of processing: 2009-10 and 2014-15

Based on ABS trade data on the DFAT STARS database.

Imports • In 2014-15, imports of Unprocessed primary products fell 28.6 per cent to $14.5 billion and Processed

primary products increased 0.5 per cent to $35.2 billion. Imports of Manufactures rose 6.4 per cent to $191.7 billion, with STM imports rising 3.4 per cent to $15.4 billion and ETM imports rising 6.6 per cent to $176.3 billion. Other goods (mainly Gold and Confidential items of trade) increased 0.3 per cent to $11.1 billion.

Merchandise imports by level of processing: 2009-10 and 2014-15

Based on ABS trade data on the DFAT STARS database.

7 Goods on a recorded trade basis.

Unprocessed primary Processed primary STM (excl nickel) ETM

Other goods (incl gold)

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

2014-15

2009-10

Unprocessed primary

Processed primary STM ETM

Other goods (incl gold)

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

2014-15

2009-10

- 8 -

Commodity forecasts

• The Australian Bureau of Agricultural & Resource Economics & Sciences (ABARES) and the Department of Industry, Innovation and Science (DIIS) have forecast the value of Australia’s commodity exports to rise by 0.3 per cent in 2015-16. See Table B for more details.

Table B: Forecasts for major commodity exports

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16

2013-14 to 2014-15

2014-15 to 2015-16

$m $m $m % %

Forecast Forecast

Agricultural & fisheries (a)

Wheat 6,103 5,547 5,698

-9.1 2.7

Wine 1,847 1,983 2,051

7.3 3.4

Beef & veal 6,265 8,858 8,600

41.4 -2.9

Wool (b) 2,877 3,154 3,450

9.6 9.4

Total agricultural & fisheries exports 42,463 45,057 45,703

6.1 1.4

Resources & energy (c)

Metalliferous minerals & metals

Aluminium 9,736 11,119 12,819

14.2 15.3

Bauxite (d) 546 934 1,018

71.1 9.0

Alumina 5,711 6,353 8,312

11.2 30.8

Aluminium (ingot metal) 3,479 3,832 3,489

10.1 -9.0

Copper 8,707 8,514 8,478

-2.2 -0.4

Gold 13,010 13,052 14,263

0.3 9.3

Iron ores 74,671 54,411 52,534

-27.1 -3.4

Nickel (d) 3,216 3,584 4,348

11.4 21.3

Zinc 2,366 3,095 3,238

30.8 4.6

Energy

Crude petroleum 11,115 8,658 6,884

-22.1 -20.5

LNG 16,305 16,924 21,971

3.8 29.8

Coal 39,959 37,909 37,930

-5.1 0.1

Metallurgical 23,254 21,847 22,229

-6.1 1.7

Thermal 16,705 16,062 15,701

-3.8 -2.2

Total resources & energy exports 195,001 176,316 176,421

-9.6 0.1

Total commodity exports (b) (d) 237,455 221,373 222,124

-6.8 0.3

(a) Based on ABARES commodity groups for farm, forest & fisheries products. (b) Balance of payments basis. (c) Based

on DIIS commodity groups for resources and energy. (d) DIIS estimates.

Sources: ABARES Agricultural commodities, December quarter 2015 and DIIS Resources & Energy, September quarter 2015.

- 9 -

Australia’s imports of Aircraft & parts - update for 2014

Introduction This article updates analysis on the impact of confidentiality in Australia Bureau of Statistics (ABS) international merchandise trade statistics on imports of aircraft and parts. To avoid divulging commercially-sensitive details of individual firms, the ABS restricts release of statistics on certain commodities. These restrictions have led to the partial restriction of data released for imports of SITC code 792 - Aircraft, spacecraft & related parts and related trade country import totals in ABS reported data.

Below we provide an estimate of those imports, drawing on publicly available information including data from the countries where these imports are sourced.

Estimates of imports of aircraft and related parts in 2014 Australia’s imports of Aircraft, spacecraft & related parts fell 0.8 per cent (or $29 million) to $3.8 billion in 2014, making it Australia’s 16th largest import (in terms of goods and services). Table 1 shows imports of Aircraft, spacecraft & related parts by Australia’s major sources. For Australia’s two top sources, imports from the United States rose 43.0 per cent (or $736 million) to $2.4 billion while imports from France fell 21.1 per cent (or $162 million) to $608 million in 2014.

Table 1: Imports of aircraft & parts for selected countries (A$ million)

Year ABS Partner country Total

792 Aircraft, spacecraft & parts 2012 273 3,106 3,379 2013 211 3,573 3,785 2014 317 3,440 3,756 by selected country: Canada 2012 27 79 106 2013 45 105 150 2014 23 60 84 France 2012 36 796 833 2013 11 759 770 2014 43 564 608 Germany 2012 12 84 96 2013 8 263 271 2014 14 29 44 Netherlands 2012 2 58 60 2013 4 80 84 2014 41 94 135 Switzerland 2012 0 68 69 2013 1 99 99 2014 1 87 88 United States (a) 2012 150 1,790 1,940 2013 17 1,695 1,713 2014 141 2,308 2,448 (a) Excludes imports of military aircraft from Sep-2008 onwards which cannot be separately identified in US merchandise trade data. Based on ABS & UN merchandise trade data on DFAT STARS database and Global Trade Atlas.

- 10 -

Impact on country imports and trade balances Table 2 shows the impact of adding back to ABS published data estimates compiled by DFAT of confidential Aircraft, spacecraft & related parts based on partner country data for some of the major countries affected. In the case of France (and therefore the EU), imports and the related trade balances are both larger when the estimates are added back to the ABS data. For the United States in Table 2 the ABS published import data (excluding aircraft and other confidential imports) is compared with ABS unpublished data (including confidential imports) obtained by DFAT through ABS’s Special Data Service. The data show that both imports and the related trade balances for the United States are significantly under reported in published ABS data compared to unpublished ABS data.

Table 2: Impact on imports and trade balances for selected countries (A$ million)

Exports Imports Trade Balance

Year ABS ABS Partner country Total ABS Total

France 2012 1,077 3,818 796 4,614 -2,741 -3,537 2013 1,248 4,007 759 4,767 -2,759 -3,518 2014 1,141 4,247 564 4,811 -3,106 -3,670

EU28 (a) 2012 17,075 42,665 1,019 43,684 -25,590 -26,610 2013 13,017 42,381 1,232 43,613 -29,364 -30,596 2014 12,380 44,528 933 45,461 -32,147 -33,080

United States

ABS reported data

Unpublished ABS data

ABS reported data

Unpublished ABS data

2012 9,380 27,815 30,511 -18,435 -21,131 2013 9,608 24,571 26,669 -14,962 -17,061 2014 11,881 26,418 28,739 -14,536 -16,858

(a) Excludes imports of aircraft from the United Kingdom which cannot be separately identified in the United Kingdom's merchandise trade data from 2009 to 2013.

Based on ABS & UN merchandise trade data on DFAT STARS database, Global Trade Atlas and unpublished ABS data.

Update for financial year 2014-15 DFAT is able to provide a partial update of Australian aircraft imports for 2014-15 for France and the United States.

Table 3 details imports of Aircraft, spacecraft & related parts for France and the United States. It shows that imports from France fell 6.2 per cent (or $41 million) to $618 million in 2014-15, while imports from the United States (excluding military aircraft) rose 48.7 per cent (or $896 million) to $2.7 billion.

- 11 -

Table 3: Import of aircraft & parts (A$ million)

Year ABS Partner country Total

Aircraft, spacecraft & parts

by selected country:

France 2012-13 10 673 683

2013-14 24 635 659

2014-15 40 578 618

United States (a) 2012-13 110 1,654 1,764

2013-14 100 1,738 1,838

2014-15 190 2,545 2,734

(a) Excludes imports of military aircraft from Sep-2008 onwards which cannot be separately identified in US merchandise trade data.

Based on ABS & Global Trade Atlas.

Author: Frank Bingham Economic Advocacy and Analysis Branch statssection@dfat.gov.au

- 12 -

Attachment A: Methodology for estimating aircraft imports and impact on country import totals

Background The ABS changed the method used in confidentialising data for merchandise imports from the month of September 2008 onwards. Import data commodities that have the confidentiality restrictions of "No commodity details" or "No value details" are now aggregated into a single confidential country code. The ABS publication International Merchandise Trade: Confidential Commodities List (catalogue 7352.055.001) lists the commodities (in Harmonized Tariff Item Statistical Code (HTISC) and Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) codes) that are affected by this change8.

For import data prior to September 2008, data has been added back into the appropriate country totals (i.e. these totals show the correct level of trade). From September 2008 the confidential data are not being added back into the appropriate country totals. Instead they are published as "No country details" in total Australian import data. This change ensures the confidentiality of ABS data is not breached, however the country totals are now not necessarily showing the correct level of trade.

Table A shows that these commodities in aggregate represented $6.8 billion, or 2.7 per cent of total Australian merchandise imports in 2014.

Table A: Value of No country details not included in country totals

Year A$m

2008 2,025 2009 5,490 2010 6,099 2011 6,728 2012 5,155 2013 4,541 2014 6,784

Based on ABS trade data on DFAT STARS database

Impact on imports of aircraft and related parts Of the commodity codes affected by this change, SITC code 792 - Aircraft, spacecraft & related parts would make up the most significant component.

By comparing ABS import data with partner country export data (e.g. France’s exports to Australia), it is possible to obtain more details about Australia’s imports of Aircraft, spacecraft & related parts for the periods not published by the ABS. This can then be matched to the reported ABS data for 2008 to 2011 to arrive at an estimate of the true value of Aircraft, spacecraft & related parts for these years. Attachment B lists all the HTISC codes at the 6-digit level that make up SITC 792 and which of those are confidential9.

Based on ABS reported data only, imports of Aircraft, spacecraft & related parts (SITC 792) were valued at $317 million in 2014. This data excludes large aircraft from September 2008 and helicopters, medium-size aircraft and parts of aircraft or helicopters from December 2008.

8 This publication is available at the ABS website. 9 The Australian HTISC classification is fully compatible with the international Harmonized System at the 6-digit level.

- 13 -

It should be noted that data as published by our major trading partners are not fully compatible with data published by the ABS. This is due to timing, coverage and valuation differences that will exist between the two data sets10.

Using partner country data to estimate the confidential ABS data, Australia imported an additional $3.4 billion of Aircraft, spacecraft & related parts in 2014 (which accounted for around 50.7 per cent of the $6.8 billion of confidential imports excluded from country import totals in 2014)11.

Impact on country imports and trade balances To calculate the impact on the country imports totals and related trade balances, the estimate of aircraft imports not being included in ABS statistics sourced from partner country data has been added to reported ABS country import totals. These estimates of actual country import totals are still under-reported as a range of other non-aircraft import commodities are also not included in country import totals.

In June 2010, the DFAT negotiated with the ABS the release of actual country import totals for the United States on a financial and calendar year basis only as a special data service. As a result, total imports from the United States covering all Australian imports from the United States (including the confidential aircraft and non-aircraft import commodities) are now available. DFAT has now replaced ABS reported total import data for the United States with actual total imports for the United States in all its trade publications (see Table 2). The ABS was unable to release this data for other partner countries.

Similarly, DFAT negotiated the release of actual import totals for France on a financial year basis. However the ABS was not able to release the actual total imports for the period 2008 to 2014 (see Table 2). DFAT estimates were used to compile total imports from France between 2008 and 2014 in all DFAT publications and outputs.

Refer to the document ‘DFAT adjustments to ABS official trade data’ on the DFAT website for more information.

10 A particular problem in using this type of analysis to estimate the imports of aircraft into Australia is to exclude imports of aircraft on an operational lease (which the ABS excludes for Australian import statistics). To try to overcome this issue the Civil Aviation Safety Authority’s civil aircraft register has been used to try and identify imports of leased aircraft so as to exclude these aircraft in partner country export data. 11 In 2009 both the United Kingdom and the United States confidentialised aircraft exports to a degree. For the United States the lower level of confidentiality still enabled the analysis of United States export data and ABS import data to produce an estimate of the value of imports of civil aircraft from the United States (excludes US military aircraft which could not be separately identified in US merchandise trade statistics). However the higher degree of confidentiality in the United Kingdom export statistics prevented the estimation of aircraft imports from the United Kingdom. As a result the estimation of Australian aircraft imports from 2009 to 2013 excludes imports from the United Kingdom.

- 14 -

Attachment B: List of all HTISC codes that make up SITC 792 – Aircraft, spacecraft & parts

SITC 792 – Aircraft, spacecraft & parts

Confidential codes

HTISC From Description

8802.11 Dec-08 Helicopters of an unladen weight not exceeding 2,000 kg

8802.12 Dec-08 Helicopters of an unladen weight exceeding 2,000 kg

8802.30 Dec-08 Aeroplanes and other aircraft (excl helicopters) of an unladen weight exceeding 2,000 kg but not exceeding 15,000 kg

8802.40 Sep-08 Aeroplanes and other aircraft (excl helicopters) of an unladen weight exceeding 15,000 kg

8803.30 Dec-08 Parts of aeroplanes or helicopters (excl propellers, rotors and under-carriages and parts thereof)

Non-confidential codes

HTISC Description

8802.20 Aeroplanes and other aircraft (excl helicopters) of an unladen weight not exceeding 2,000 kg

8802.60 Spacecraft

8801.00 Balloons and dirigibles, gliders and other non-powered aircraft

8803.10 Propellers and rotor parts

8803.20 Undercarriages and parts

8803.90 Other

- 15 -

Low value threshold goods

Introduction In August 2013 the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) commenced including estimates for the value of ‘low value threshold’ (LVT) goods imports into Australia’s official balance of payments statistics, with revisions back to September quarter 1998. In August 2014 methodological changes were announced, arising from three additional data sources, resulting in further revisions to the series.

What are LVT goods? Broadly, goods imported to Australia with a value below $1,000 (the LVT) do not require full import declaration (FID) to the Department of Immigration & Border Protection (DIBP). As such these imports are excluded from Australia’s merchandise trade statistics, and before August 2013, were also excluded from Australia’s Balance of Payments statistics12. LVT goods can be characterised in particular by the large range of ‘small’ purchases made via on-line retail.

Estimating LVT goods imports Investigations undertaken by the ABS together with DIBP revealed the number of parcels being imported under the LVT had become large – driven by the growth in on-line trade. A decision was taken to include estimates for these goods in Australia’s macroeconomic statistics. The estimates commenced with the August 2013 edition of International Trade in Goods in Services (ABS catalogue 5368.0) with revisions back to September 1998. The estimates have also been included in the Balance of Payments and International Investment Position (ABS catalogue 5302.0) from September 2013 release (including revisions) as well as other ABS outputs that include an international trade dimension.

Updates to LVT adjustments for official goods debits estimates LVT adjustments are applied only to balance of payments goods debits estimates, hence pushing the balance of payments debits series higher by the value of the LVT estimate relative to the corresponding merchandise imports series13. They were well below $1 billion in 1998-99 and around $6.7 billion in 2014-15, which represents 2.5 per cent of the ‘goods debits’ series in that year.

Impact on macroeconomic aggregates By default the balance (on goods and services) is also affected. And because the balance is a ‘net’ series the differences between balance of payments and merchandise trade estimates will vary more widely and, at times, will be at odds as to whether Australia’s trade is in surplus or deficit. The table below displays Australia’s goods trade balances for 1998-99 (when the LVT adjustment commences) as well as the period 2009-10 to 2014-15.

GOODS TRADE BALANCES Balance of payments versus Merchandise trade

(A$ billion)

1998-99 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 Balance of payments -12.5 -9.0 22.0 8.6 -4.6 6.4 -14.2 Merchandise trade -11.6 -3.3 31.9 24.3 10.7 20.7 -1.8 Difference -0.9 -5.7 -9.9 -15.7 -15.3 -14.3 -12.3 Source: ABS catalogues 5302.0 and 5368.0.

12 To date exports have been excluded from the process, even though conceptually they are in scope. When the ABS identifies reliable data sources, they will be considered for inclusion. 13 Note there are other adjustments applied to the balance of payments goods debits series which cause it to differ from merchandise imports.

- 16 -

In 1998-99 the difference between the goods trade balance was just $0.9 billion however over time, helped by the inclusion of LVT14 goods imports, the difference blew out to nearly $16 billion by 2011-12. In 2014-15, the difference had eased to $12.3 billion.

From the user perspective balance of payments is the preferred series as the adjustments incorporated by the ABS fill in gaps that exist in the merchandise trade statistics as well as providing a more realistic account of change of ownership. However balance of payments data is only available for broad aggregates, so users must still use the merchandise trade series where finer levels of detail are required.

More information For a more detailed description of inclusion of LVT estimates into Australia’s macroeconomic estimates see the explanatory notes of International Trade in Goods and Services, August 2013 (ABS catalogue 5368.0) as well as the information paper: Measurement of online Retail Trade in Macroeconomic Statistics, 2013 (ABS catalogue 8501.0.5.007). The August 2014 edition of International Trade in Goods and Services, (ABS catalogue 5368.0) provides details of the refinements in the technical note starting on page 45.

Author: Julie-Anne Andrew and Brent Perkins Economic Advocacy & Analysis Branch statssection@dfat.gov.au

14 Balance of payments goods debits are also adjusted for transactions other than LVT goods imports. See the Explanatory notes in ABS catalogue 5368.0.

- 17 -

- 18 -

Australia's trade with the top two-way trading partners Exports Imports

0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

04-05 06-07 08-09 10-11 12-13 14-15

A$m China

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

04-05 06-07 08-09 10-11 12-13 14-15

A$m Japan

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

40,000

45,000

50,000

04-05 06-07 08-09 10-11 12-13 14-15

A$m United States

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

04-05 06-07 08-09 10-11 12-13 14-15

A$m Republic of Korea

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

04-05 06-07 08-09 10-11 12-13 14-15

A$m Singapore

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

04-05 06-07 08-09 10-11 12-13 14-15

A$m New Zealand

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

18,000

04-05 06-07 08-09 10-11 12-13 14-15

A$m United Kingdom

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

04-05 06-07 08-09 10-11 12-13 14-15

A$m Thailand

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

04-05 06-07 08-09 10-11 12-13 14-15

A$m Malaysia

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

04-05 06-07 08-09 10-11 12-13 14-15

A$m India

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

04-05 06-07 08-09 10-11 12-13 14-15

A$m Germany

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

9,000

10,000

04-05 06-07 08-09 10-11 12-13 14-15

A$m Indonesia

- 19 -

(a) Special Administrative Region of China.Based on ABS trade data on DFAT STARS database, ABS catalogue 5368.0.55.003/4 and unpublished ABS data.

Australia's trade with the top two-way trading partners Exports Imports

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

04-05 06-07 08-09 10-11 12-13 14-15

A$m Taiwan

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

04-05 06-07 08-09 10-11 12-13 14-15

A$m Vietnam

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

04-05 06-07 08-09 10-11 12-13 14-15

A$m United Arab Emirates

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

04-05 06-07 08-09 10-11 12-13 14-15

A$m Hong Kong (a)

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

04-05 06-07 08-09 10-11 12-13 14-15

A$m Italy

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

04-05 06-07 08-09 10-11 12-13 14-15

A$m France

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

4,500

04-05 06-07 08-09 10-11 12-13 14-15

A$m Papua New Guinea

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

4,500

04-05 06-07 08-09 10-11 12-13 14-15

A$m Netherlands

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

4,500

5,000

04-05 06-07 08-09 10-11 12-13 14-15

A$m Switzerland

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

04-05 06-07 08-09 10-11 12-13 14-15

A$m Canada

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

04-05 06-07 08-09 10-11 12-13 14-15

A$m Philippines

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

04-05 06-07 08-09 10-11 12-13 14-15

A$m Ireland

- 20 -

- 21 -

AUSTRALIA'S TRADE ON A

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS BASIS

Section 1

Australia's trade in goods and services

- 22 -

2013-14 to 5 year2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2014-15 trend

Export Goods 201,805 247,006 265,728 248,882 273,871 255,967 -6.5 4.2Services 50,349 51,046 51,558 53,394 57,370 62,770 9.4 4.3Total goods & services 252,154 298,052 317,286 302,276 331,241 318,737 -3.8 4.2

Import Goods 210,800 225,028 257,136 253,486 267,430 270,127 1.0 5.1Services 53,954 58,369 62,189 67,546 71,632 71,177 -0.6 6.1Total goods & services 264,754 283,397 319,325 321,032 339,062 341,304 0.7 5.3

Total two-way tradeGoods 412,605 472,034 522,864 502,368 541,301 526,094 -2.8 4.6Services 104,303 109,415 113,747 120,940 129,002 133,947 3.8 5.3Total goods & services 516,908 581,449 636,611 623,308 670,303 660,041 -1.5 4.8

Goods -8,995 21,978 8,592 -4,604 6,441 -14,160 .. ..Services -3,605 -7,323 -10,631 -14,152 -14,262 -8,407 .. ..Total goods & services -12,600 14,655 -2,039 -18,756 -7,821 -22,567 .. ..

2013-14 to 5 year2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2014-15 trend

Export volumesGoods 225,337 228,316 242,779 258,197 273,872 291,242 6.3 5.5Services 55,118 54,763 53,975 54,805 57,371 61,705 7.6 2.1Total goods & services 279,771 282,369 296,497 313,007 331,241 352,948 6.6 5.0

Import volumesGoods 222,658 242,673 273,444 270,781 267,430 271,451 1.5 3.7Services 55,970 64,484 69,362 74,430 71,631 67,836 -5.3 3.9Total goods & services 278,676 307,252 342,973 345,166 339,062 339,286 0.1 3.7

Total two-way trade volumesGoods 447,995 470,989 516,223 528,978 541,302 562,693 4.0 4.6Services 111,088 119,247 123,337 129,235 129,002 129,541 0.4 3.0Total goods & services 558,447 589,621 639,470 658,173 670,303 692,234 3.3 4.3

Goods & servicesTotal exports IPD 90.1 105.6 107.0 96.6 100.0 90.3 -9.7 -0.7Total imports IPD 95.0 92.2 93.1 93.0 100.0 100.6 0.6 1.5

Goods & services 94.9 114.4 114.9 103.8 100.0 89.8 -10.2 -2.2

(a) For the differences in measuring trade under balance of payments basis vs recorded trade basis refer to this section in theExplanatory notes . (b) Reference year for chain volume measures is 2013-14.Based on ABS catalogue 5302.0.

Terms of trade

Chain volume measures and indices (b)% growth

Implicit price deflators

TABLE 1: AUSTRALIA'S TRADE IN GOODS AND SERVICES

Balance on trade

Current prices% growth

(A$ million)BALANCE OF PAYMENTS BASIS (a)

- 23 -

2013-14 to 5 year2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2014-15 trend

Total goods & services exports 302,276 331,241 318,737 -3.8 4.2Goods exports 248,882 273,872 255,967 -6.5 4.2

General merchandise 232,370 259,519 241,340 -7.0 4.5Rural goods 36,273 39,800 42,577 7.0 10.2

Meat & meat preparations 7,645 9,861 12,975 31.6 14.4Cereal grains & cereal preparations 9,285 9,317 8,888 -4.6 10.1Wool & sheepskins 2,869 2,876 3,154 9.7 3.8Other rural 16,474 17,745 17,560 -1.0 9.0

Non-rural goods 196,097 219,718 198,763 -9.5 3.5Minerals and fuels 144,445 165,900 142,991 -13.8 4.7

Metal ores & minerals 79,107 96,564 78,077 -19.1 7.1Coal, coke & briquettes 38,914 40,148 38,043 -5.2 -0.9Other mineral fuels 26,424 29,188 26,871 -7.9 7.1

Manufactures 39,552 42,081 43,517 3.4 1.5Metals (excl non-monetary gold) 10,478 11,148 11,031 -1.0 -1.0Machinery 8,709 9,096 9,935 9.2 3.8Transport equipment 4,331 5,067 5,650 11.5 7.3Other manufactures 16,034 16,770 16,901 0.8 0.5

Other non-rural (incl sugar & beverages) 10,422 9,981 10,593 6.1 -3.2Goods procured in ports by carriers 1,678 1,757 1,662 -5.4 3.5

Net exports of goods under merchanting 277 232 431 85.8 9.3Non-monetary gold 16,235 14,119 14,196 0.5 -0.3

Services exports 53,394 57,371 62,770 9.4 4.3Manufacturing services on physical inputs owned by others 1 28 10 -64.3 -27.4Maintenance & repair services nie 57 88 64 -27.3 7.2Transport 6,087 6,465 6,652 2.9 0.8Travel 31,399 33,836 37,293 10.2 3.5Other 15,850 16,953 18,751 10.6 7.9

2013-14 to 5 year2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2014-15 trend

Total goods & services imports 321,032 339,062 341,304 0.7 5.3Goods imports 253,486 267,430 270,127 1.0 5.1

General merchandise 248,317 263,216 266,391 1.2 5.5Consumption goods 75,027 81,471 86,720 6.4 5.5Capital goods 64,984 64,761 65,146 0.6 5.6Intermediate & other goods 108,306 116,984 114,525 -2.1 5.4Non-monetary gold 5,169 4,213 3,736 -11.3 -10.3

Services imports 67,546 71,631 71,177 -0.6 6.1Manufacturing services on physical inputs owned by others 0 0 0 .. ..Maintenance & repair services nie 607 789 424 -46.3 14.8Transport 16,858 17,091 17,073 -0.1 4.6Travel 28,025 30,135 28,920 -4.0 4.3Other 22,056 23,617 24,760 4.8 9.6

(a) Balance of payments basis.Based on ABS catalogue 5302.0.

TABLE 2: AUSTRALIA'S TRADE IN GOODS AND SERVICES (a)CURRENT PRICE

Imports% growth

Exports% growth

(A$ million)

- 24 -

2013-14 to 5 year2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2014-15 trend

Total goods & services exports 313,007 331,241 352,948 6.6 5.0Goods exports 258,197 273,872 291,242 6.3 5.5

General merchandise 243,052 259,519 276,062 6.4 6.0Rural goods 39,111 39,800 39,976 0.4 6.8

Meat & meat preparations 8,461 9,861 10,454 6.0 8.2Cereal grains & cereal preparations 9,603 9,317 8,762 -6.0 7.5Wool & sheepskins 2,982 2,876 3,099 7.8 1.9Other rural 18,016 17,745 17,660 -0.5 6.7

Non-rural goods 204,006 219,718 236,087 7.5 6.0Minerals and fuels 150,587 165,900 182,193 9.8 7.7

Metal ores & minerals 85,032 96,564 111,247 15.2 11.2Coal, coke & briquettes 34,738 40,148 42,721 6.4 7.0Other mineral fuels 30,817 29,188 28,225 -3.3 -1.0

Manufactures 41,514 42,081 41,065 -2.4 0.9Metals (excl non-monetary gold) 10,888 11,148 9,946 -10.8 0.6Machinery 9,276 9,096 9,125 0.3 2.3Transport equipment 4,513 5,067 5,562 9.8 6.7Other manufactures 16,837 16,770 16,432 -2.0 -1.2

Other non-rural (incl sugar & beverages) 10,832 9,981 10,860 8.8 -3.5Goods procured in ports by carriers 1,780 1,757 1,972 12.2 0.0

Net exports of goods under merchanting 296 232 544 134.5 14.3Non-monetary gold 14,638 14,119 14,636 3.7 -1.9

Services exports 54,805 57,371 61,705 7.6 2.1Manufacturing services on physical inputs owned by others 1 28 10 -64.3 -29.1Maintenance & repair services nie 57 88 64 -27.3 5.1Transport 6,289 6,465 6,549 1.3 -1.5Travel 32,212 33,836 36,538 8.0 1.3Other 16,247 16,953 18,542 9.4 5.4

2013-14 to 5 year2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2014-15 trend

Total goods & services imports 345,166 339,062 339,286 0.1 3.7Goods imports 270,781 267,430 271,451 1.5 3.7

General merchandise 266,018 263,216 267,400 1.6 4.1Consumption goods 79,566 81,471 83,696 2.7 4.7Capital goods 69,685 64,761 62,369 -3.7 5.3Intermediate & other goods 116,789 116,984 121,335 3.7 2.9Non-monetary gold 4,688 4,213 4,050 -3.9 -11.4

Services imports 74,430 71,631 67,836 -5.3 3.9Manufacturing services on physical inputs owned by others 0 0 0 .. ..Maintenance & repair services nie 683 789 395 -49.9 11.9Transport 17,763 17,091 17,051 -0.2 3.8Travel 31,194 30,135 27,283 -9.5 1.8Other 24,791 23,617 23,107 -2.2 6.8

(a) Balance of payments basis. (b) Reference year for chain volume measures is 2013-14.Based on ABS catalogue 5302.0.

TABLE 3: AUSTRALIA'S TRADE IN GOODS AND SERVICES (a)CHAIN VOLUME MEASURES (b)

Imports% growth

Exports% growth

(A$ million)

- 25 -

% growth

2013-14 to 5 yearRank Commodity 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2014-15 trend

Total (b) 302,276 331,241 318,737 -3.8 4.2

1 Iron ores & concentrates 57,075 74,671 54,465 -27.1 8.52 Coal 38,640 39,960 37,885 -5.2 -0.93 Education-related travel services (c) 14,553 15,870 18,172 14.5 1.64 Natural gas 14,271 16,305 16,904 3.7 16.85 Personal travel (excl education) services 12,580 13,874 14,760 6.4 4.7

6 Gold 15,300 13,261 13,512 1.9 -0.67 Beef f.c.f 5,052 6,422 9,039 40.8 15.68 Crude petroleum 9,712 10,427 8,154 -21.8 -2.29 Aluminium ores & conc (incl alumina) 5,565 6,078 7,106 16.9 6.5

10 Wheat 6,750 6,084 5,528 -9.1 7.3

11 Copper ores & concentrates 5,337 5,220 5,274 1.0 2.312 Other ores & concentrates (d) 4,291 4,440 4,864 9.5 2.913 Professional services 4,505 4,598 4,680 1.8 9.614 Business travel services 4,266 4,092 4,361 6.6 7.815 Aluminium 3,593 3,846 4,165 8.3 -2.0

16 Meat (excl beef), f.c.f. 2,520 3,356 3,841 14.5 12.317 Financial services 2,326 2,828 3,545 25.4 29.818 Copper 3,101 3,712 3,370 -9.2 3.219 Technical & other business services 3,596 3,513 3,346 -4.8 -0.320 Wool & other animal hair (incl tops) 2,473 2,455 2,782 13.3 3.9

21 Telecom, computer & information services 1,838 1,959 2,661 35.8 7.822 Other transport services (e) 2,232 2,481 2,632 6.1 3.523 Refined petroleum 2,932 2,816 2,511 -10.8 0.824 Passenger transport services (f) 2,363 2,390 2,444 2.3 -3.025 Alcoholic beverages 2,000 2,016 2,187 8.5 -1.2

Analytical industry seriesEducation (g) 14,987 16,370 18,775 14.7 1.5Tourism (h) 26,101 27,176 nya .. ..

(a) Goods trade are on a recorded trade basis, Services trade are on a balance of payments basis. (b) Balance of payments basis.(c) Includes student expenditure on tuition fees and living expenses. (d) Other ores & concentrates - mainly of Lead, Zinc and Manganese ores & concentrates . (e) Other transport services exports covers a range of services provided in Australian airports and ports, includingCargo & baggage handling services , Agents fees associated with freight transportation and Airport & port charges. (f) Includes Relatedagency fees & commissions . (g) Education includes Education-related travel services , Royalties on education services and Othereducation services. (h) Tourism is based on the ABS Tourism Satellite Account (TSA) and is only available on a financial year basis.nya = not yet available.Refer to technical Appendix E for ranking methodology.Based on ABS trade data on DFAT STARS database and ABS catalogues 5368.0 and 5429.0.

TABLE 4: AUSTRALIA'S TOP 25 GOODS & SERVICES EXPORTS (a)(A$ million)

- 26 -

% growth

2013-14 to 5 yearRank Commodity 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2014-15 trend

Total (c) 321,032 339,062 341,304 0.7 5.3

1 Personal travel (excl education) services 23,313 25,532 24,320 -4.7 4.42 Passenger motor vehicles 17,330 17,834 18,708 4.9 5.43 Refined petroleum 16,844 19,203 18,074 -5.9 13.14 Crude petroleum 20,187 21,590 14,704 -31.9 0.85 Telecom equipment & parts 8,921 9,069 11,044 21.8 8.2

6 Freight services 9,144 9,700 9,905 2.1 4.47 Computers 6,650 7,108 8,046 13.2 4.88 Medicaments (incl veterinary) 8,021 7,673 7,076 -7.8 -1.69 Passenger transport services (d) 7,070 6,328 6,326 -0.0 3.6

10 Goods vehicles 7,698 6,055 6,123 1.1 1.3

11 Technical & other business services 5,868 5,900 5,715 -3.1 7.212 Professional services 4,932 5,014 5,059 0.9 16.313 Charges for intellectual property 4,112 4,282 4,565 6.6 4.514 Heating & cooling equipment & parts 2,596 3,950 4,241 7.4 16.015 Furniture, mattresses & cushions 2,929 3,436 3,932 14.4 8.7

16 Gold 5,169 4,767 3,772 -20.9 -11.517 Civil engineering equipment & parts 4,639 2,877 3,740 30.0 2.118 Business travel services 3,609 3,493 3,422 -2.0 2.919 Measuring & analysing instruments 2,741 3,012 3,316 10.1 5.120 Electrical machinery & parts, nes 2,567 2,883 3,186 10.5 6.3

21 Pumps (excl liquid pumps) & parts 2,952 3,687 3,157 -14.4 7.522 Telecom, computer & information services 2,080 2,767 3,093 11.8 9.623 Tubes & pipes of iron or steel 2,002 2,260 3,055 35.2 20.224 Plastic articles, nes 2,189 2,603 2,893 11.1 8.725 Iron, steel, aluminium structures 2,356 2,409 2,891 20.0 33.4

Analytical industry seriesEducation (e) 1,223 1,205 1,292 7.2 5.4Tourism (f) 33,671 34,871 nya .. ..

(a) Goods trade are on a recorded trade basis, Services trade are on a balance of payments basis. (b) Please note – imports of aircraftwere made confidential by the ABS from Sep-08 onwards. Imports of aircraft would rank in Australia's top 25 imports. DFAT estimatesthat aircraft imports were valued at around $3.8 billion in 2014. (c) Balance of payments basis. (d) Includes Related agency fees &commissions . (e) Education includes Education-related travel services , Royalties on education services and Other education services.(f) Tourism is based on the ABS Tourism Satellite Account (TSA) and is only available on a financial year basis.nya = not yet available.Refer to technical Appendix E for ranking methodology.Based on ABS trade data on DFAT STARS database and ABS catalogues 5368.0 and 5429.0.

TABLE 5: AUSTRALIA'S TOP 25 GOODS & SERVICES IMPORTS (a) (b)(A$ million)

- 27 -

Section 2

Direction of Australia's trade

in goods and services

- 28 -

Country 1994 Rank % share 2004 Rank % share 2014 Rank % share

World 5,411,480 11,525,350 24,018,740China 137,626 11 2.5 658,239 4 5.7 2,575,816 1 10.7United States 713,022 1 13.2 1,158,304 1 10.1 2,329,980 2 9.7Germany 492,320 2 9.1 1,056,779 2 9.2 1,779,075 3 7.4Netherlands 202,408 7 3.7 442,177 7 3.8 860,950 4 3.6France 326,092 4 6.0 566,864 5 4.9 850,989 5 3.5United Kingdom 275,004 5 5.1 545,192 6 4.7 847,359 6 3.5Japan 455,302 3 8.4 663,234 3 5.8 846,385 7 3.5Republic of Korea 113,601 13 2.1 298,385 12 2.6 679,519 8 2.8Italy 245,043 6 4.5 438,455 8 3.8 645,757 9 2.7Hong Kong (SAR of China) 181,780 10 3.4 320,703 11 2.8 630,119 10 2.6Belgium - - - 359,508 10 3.1 595,345 11 2.5Russian Federation 75,973 18 1.4 203,802 16 1.8 563,562 12 2.3Canada 189,334 8 3.5 367,048 9 3.2 561,004 13 2.3Singapore 119,869 12 2.2 247,062 14 2.1 550,202 14 2.3India 31,060 31 0.6 114,930 26 1.0 477,805 15 2.0Spain 110,555 14 2.0 268,739 13 2.3 459,292 16 1.9Switzerland 93,421 16 1.7 166,737 18 1.4 426,386 17 1.8Mexico 71,203 20 1.3 201,642 17 1.7 418,542 18 1.7United Arab Emirates 27,446 34 0.5 94,016 30 0.8 380,613 19 1.6Chinese Taipei 107,283 15 2.0 208,221 15 1.8 370,852 20 1.5Saudi Arabia 45,956 27 0.8 131,849 23 1.1 366,053 21 1.5Australia 62,046 22 1.1 115,019 25 1.0 295,169 22 1.2Thailand 56,901 23 1.1 115,288 24 1.0 282,869 23 1.2Malaysia 68,165 21 1.3 143,757 22 1.2 273,623 24 1.1Brazil 48,453 25 0.9 109,261 28 0.9 265,270 25 1.1

World 5,521,560 11,802,720 23,995,010United States 822,275 1 14.9 1,807,643 1 15.3 2,888,402 1 12.0China 131,914 11 2.4 633,950 3 5.4 2,342,966 2 9.8Germany 493,559 2 8.9 913,711 2 7.7 1,543,414 3 6.4Japan 381,591 3 6.9 586,355 5 5.0 1,014,166 4 4.2France 303,676 4 5.5 570,586 6 4.8 926,130 5 3.9United Kingdom 294,035 5 5.3 620,557 4 5.3 887,728 6 3.7Netherlands 191,640 7 3.5 399,257 8 3.4 744,189 7 3.1Hong Kong (SAR of China) 186,887 9 3.4 304,032 12 2.6 676,396 8 2.8Republic of Korea 121,060 12 2.2 274,961 13 2.3 640,533 9 2.7India 35,043 29 0.6 135,416 18 1.1 610,921 10 2.5Italy 217,404 6 3.9 438,493 7 3.7 587,067 11 2.4Canada 187,602 8 3.4 338,707 9 2.9 582,024 12 2.4Belgium - - - 334,636 10 2.8 567,689 13 2.4Singapore 116,568 13 2.1 223,481 14 1.9 507,806 14 2.1Mexico 95,028 16 1.7 221,579 15 1.9 446,491 15 1.9Russian Federation 66,474 23 1.2 130,669 22 1.1 429,083 16 1.8Spain 107,728 14 2.0 317,437 11 2.7 428,288 17 1.8Switzerland 78,255 17 1.4 135,276 19 1.1 368,567 18 1.5United Arab Emirates 28,491 35 0.5 87,164 29 0.7 333,396 19 1.4Brazil 46,446 25 0.8 83,694 30 0.7 327,612 20 1.4Chinese Taipei 106,554 15 1.9 199,981 16 1.7 319,962 21 1.3Australia 66,675 22 1.2 134,215 20 1.1 304,252 22 1.3Thailand 69,855 21 1.3 117,487 25 1.0 281,153 23 1.2Turkey 27,052 37 0.5 107,893 26 0.9 267,527 24 1.1Saudi Arabia 41,706 27 0.8 73,071 33 0.6 259,921 25 1.1

Sources: World Trade Organization online statistics database and ABS data on dX database.

TABLE 6: AUSTRALIA'S RANK IN

(US$ million)

Exports

Imports

WORLD GOODS AND SERVICES EXPORTS AND IMPORTS

- 29 -

% share 2013-14 to 5 yearRank 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 of total 2014-15 trend

1 China 131,089 159,786 149,793 22.7 -6.3 10.82 Japan 69,399 72,193 67,689 10.3 -6.2 2.23 United States 54,859 58,433 64,576 9.8 10.5 5.44 Republic of Korea 30,587 34,878 34,755 5.3 -0.4 4.95 Singapore 29,051 29,473 28,406 4.3 -3.6 5.76 New Zealand 21,021 22,750 23,654 3.6 4.0 2.37 United Kingdom 21,830 20,317 21,142 3.2 4.1 -1.28 Thailand 19,410 18,804 19,926 3.0 6.0 -0.19 Malaysia 17,051 19,888 19,577 3.0 -1.6 6.8

10 India 17,006 14,788 17,968 2.7 21.5 -6.211 Germany 15,627 17,032 16,771 2.5 -1.5 3.112 Indonesia 14,376 15,988 14,789 2.2 -7.5 4.413 Taiwan 12,421 12,588 12,845 1.9 2.0 1.414 Vietnam 7,132 9,253 10,201 1.5 10.2 12.015 United Arab Emirates 8,574 8,678 9,297 1.4 7.1 5.9

Total all countries 623,308 670,303 660,041 100.0 -1.5 4.8 of which: APEC 438,883 486,846 478,665 72.5 -1.7 5.8

ASEAN 92,242 98,930 98,580 14.9 -0.4 5.0European Union (c)(d) 81,324 83,596 83,089 12.6 -0.6 1.2G20 419,350 461,088 454,029 68.8 -1.5 4.8OECD 276,403 290,928 292,573 44.3 0.6 3.0

% share 2013-14 to 5 yearRank 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 of total 2014-15 trend

1 China 84,691 107,531 90,297 28.3 -16.0 12.22 Japan 48,691 51,030 46,558 14.6 -8.8 2.63 United States 14,842 17,079 20,495 6.4 20.0 6.44 Republic of Korea 20,900 22,489 20,464 6.4 -9.0 0.55 India 13,363 10,464 12,667 4.0 21.0 -10.96 New Zealand 10,844 11,541 12,345 3.9 7.0 2.07 Singapore 9,947 10,956 12,020 3.8 9.7 8.78 United Kingdom 9,703 7,799 8,583 2.7 10.0 -6.59 Malaysia 6,809 7,241 7,913 2.5 9.3 10.3

10 Taiwan 8,250 8,156 7,752 2.4 -5.0 -1.011 Indonesia 6,033 6,912 6,884 2.2 -0.4 4.612 Thailand 5,754 5,610 5,987 1.9 6.7 -2.413 Hong Kong (SAR of China) 4,326 4,728 5,166 1.6 9.3 2.614 Vietnam 2,749 3,839 4,492 1.4 17.0 13.515 United Arab Emirates 2,791 3,292 3,959 1.2 20.3 8.7

Total all countries 302,276 331,241 318,737 100.0 -3.8 4.2 of which: APEC 233,953 266,503 249,450 78.3 -6.4 6.1

ASEAN 33,845 37,145 40,111 12.6 8.0 6.5European Union (c) 24,362 21,823 22,660 7.1 3.8 -3.1G20 223,214 247,500 230,325 72.3 -6.9 4.1OECD 125,827 130,115 128,212 40.2 -1.5 1.5

continued ……

Australia's top export markets

% growth

TABLE 7: AUSTRALIA'S TRADE IN GOODS AND SERVICES (a) (b) BY TOP 15 PARTNERS

(A$ million)% growth

Australia's top two-way trading partners

- 30 -

% share 2013-14 to 5 yearRank 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 of total 2014-15 trend

1 China 46,398 52,255 59,496 17.4 13.9 8.52 United States 40,017 41,354 44,081 12.9 6.6 5.03 Japan 20,707 21,163 21,131 6.2 -0.2 1.64 Singapore 19,104 18,517 16,386 4.8 -11.5 3.95 Republic of Korea 9,687 12,389 14,291 4.2 15.4 14.66 Germany 12,464 14,098 13,959 4.1 -1.0 3.97 Thailand 13,656 13,194 13,939 4.1 5.6 1.38 United Kingdom 12,127 12,518 12,559 3.7 0.3 3.39 Malaysia 10,242 12,647 11,664 3.4 -7.8 4.8

10 New Zealand 10,177 11,210 11,309 3.3 0.9 2.711 Indonesia 8,343 9,076 7,904 2.3 -12.9 4.312 Italy 6,663 7,411 7,291 2.1 -1.6 5.213 France 5,771 6,302 6,079 1.8 -3.5 -2.114 Vietnam 4,383 5,414 5,709 1.7 5.5 11.115 United Arab Emirates 5,782 5,385 5,338 1.6 -0.9 4.2

Total all countries 321,032 339,062 341,304 100.0 0.7 5.3 of which: APEC 204,931 220,343 229,214 67.2 4.0 5.5

ASEAN 58,397 61,786 58,469 17.1 -5.4 4.1European Union (c)(d) 56,962 61,773 60,429 17.7 -2.2 3.1G20 196,136 213,588 223,703 65.5 4.7 5.6OECD 150,577 160,812 164,361 48.2 2.2 4.3

(a) All data is on a balance of payments basis, except for goods by country which are on a recorded trade basis. (b) May excludeselected confidential export or import commodities from partner country totals as well as for the country groups. Refer to Appendix Gfor details on all DFAT adjustments to ABS official trade data. (c) Services data is EU27 to August 2013, EU28 from September 2013.(d) Includes DFAT estimate for France from 2009-10 to 2012-13.Based on DFAT STARS database, ABS catalogues 5368.0 (Sep 2015) & 536830.55.003 and unpublished ABS data.

Australia's top import sources

TABLE 7: AUSTRALIA'S TRADE IN GOODS AND SERVICES (a) (b) BY TOP 15 PARTNERS (cont'd)

(A$ million)% growth

- 31 -

% share 2013-14 to 5 yearSelected countries 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 of total 2014-15 trendArgentina 1,076 1,139 1,124 0.2 -1.3 7.0Belgium & Luxembourg 3,302 3,247 3,051 0.5 -6.0 0.3Brazil 1,859 2,191 2,611 0.4 19.2 -2.3Brunei 1,162 898 929 0.1 3.4 -6.2Canada 5,558 5,280 5,534 0.8 4.8 3.0Chile 1,942 1,831 1,587 0.2 -13.3 1.2China 131,089 159,786 149,793 22.7 -6.3 10.8Fiji 1,546 1,643 1,719 0.3 4.6 3.5France 7,623 8,220 7,926 1.2 -3.6 -1.3Germany 15,627 17,032 16,771 2.5 -1.5 3.1Greece 560 681 733 0.1 7.6 5.1Hong Kong (SAR of China) 7,886 8,309 8,904 1.3 7.2 3.6India 17,006 14,788 17,968 2.7 21.5 -6.2Indonesia 14,376 15,988 14,789 2.2 -7.5 4.4Ireland 3,310 3,285 3,440 0.5 4.7 -2.1Italy 7,814 8,615 8,570 1.3 -0.5 3.7Japan 69,399 72,193 67,689 10.3 -6.2 2.2Malaysia 17,051 19,888 19,577 3.0 -1.6 6.8Mexico 2,944 2,617 2,937 0.4 12.2 4.9Netherlands 5,876 5,542 5,883 0.9 6.2 0.8New Zealand 21,021 22,750 23,654 3.6 4.0 2.3Norway 1,216 1,210 1,237 0.2 2.2 4.8Papua New Guinea 6,813 6,795 6,400 1.0 -5.8 1.5Peru 397 380 418 0.1 9.9 1.2Philippines 3,421 3,881 3,942 0.6 1.6 11.5Republic of Korea 30,587 34,878 34,755 5.3 -0.4 4.9Russian Federation 1,737 2,398 1,464 0.2 -38.9 4.9Saudi Arabia 2,755 2,987 2,895 0.4 -3.1 5.5Singapore 29,051 29,473 28,406 4.3 -3.6 5.7South Africa 3,142 3,054 3,221 0.5 5.5 -3.6Sweden 2,924 2,880 2,688 0.4 -6.7 -2.6Switzerland 5,518 6,086 5,732 0.9 -5.8 4.2Taiwan 12,421 12,588 12,845 1.9 2.0 1.4Thailand 19,410 18,804 19,926 3.0 6.0 -0.1Turkey 1,640 1,761 1,585 0.2 -10.0 11.3United Arab Emirates 8,574 8,678 9,297 1.4 7.1 5.9United Kingdom 21,830 20,317 21,142 3.2 4.1 -1.2United States 54,859 58,433 64,576 9.8 10.5 5.4Vietnam 7,132 9,253 10,201 1.5 10.2 12.0Country Groups (c)APEC 438,883 486,846 478,665 72.5 -1.7 5.8ASEAN 92,242 98,930 98,580 14.9 -0.4 5.0European Union (d) 81,324 83,596 83,089 12.6 -0.6 1.2G20 419,350 461,088 454,029 68.8 -1.5 4.8OECD 276,403 290,928 292,573 44.3 0.6 3.0Geographic Regions (c)Africa 12,158 11,059 8,524 1.3 -22.9 1.2Americas 70,773 73,902 81,127 12.3 9.8 4.8Asia 384,327 425,544 415,627 63.0 -2.3 5.6Europe 92,272 95,921 93,846 14.2 -2.2 1.6Oceania & Antarctica 31,296 33,416 33,912 5.1 1.5 2.2Other (e) 32,482 30,460 27,006 4.1 -11.3 8.7World 623,308 670,303 660,041 100.0 -1.5 4.8

(a) All data is on a balance of payments basis, except for goods by country which are on a recorded trade basis. (b) May excludeselected confidential export/import commodities from partner country totals as well as for the country groups. Therefore movements in the confidentialised country totals may not reflect the true pattern of trade. Refer to Appendix G for details on all DFATadjustments to ABS official trade data. (c) Refer to the Explanatory notes for country group definitions. (d) Services data is EU27 from 2006-07 to August 2013, EU28 from September 2013. (e) Includes unallocated and confidential trade.Based on ABS catalogues 5368.0 & 5368.0.55.003/4 and unpublished ABS data.

TABLE 8: AUSTRALIA'S TOTAL TRADE IN GOODS AND SERVICES (a) (b)BY SELECTED COUNTRIES AND REGIONS

% growth

(A$ million)

- 32 -

% share 2013-14 to 5 yearSelected countries 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 of total 2014-15 trendArgentina 307 192 262 0.1 36.5 -10.1Belgium & Luxembourg 1,587 1,343 1,247 0.4 -7.1 -1.1Brazil 1,164 1,377 1,873 0.6 36.1 -2.8Brunei 98 84 93 0.0 10.6 0.6Canada 2,342 2,088 2,282 0.7 9.3 0.9Chile 486 537 431 0.1 -19.7 0.1China 84,691 107,531 90,297 28.3 -16.0 12.2Fiji 437 452 501 0.2 10.8 1.8France 1,852 1,919 1,847 0.6 -3.7 1.4Germany 3,163 2,933 2,811 0.9 -4.2 -0.5Greece 89 91 88 0.0 -3.3 1.3Hong Kong (SAR of China) 4,326 4,728 5,166 1.6 9.3 2.6India 13,363 10,464 12,667 4.0 21.0 -10.9Indonesia 6,033 6,912 6,884 2.2 -0.4 4.6Ireland 762 672 583 0.2 -13.3 0.5Italy 1,151 1,204 1,278 0.4 6.2 -3.2Japan 48,691 51,030 46,558 14.6 -8.8 2.6Malaysia (c) 6,809 7,241 7,913 2.5 9.3 10.3Mexico 680 533 558 0.2 4.8 -10.8Netherlands 2,937 2,667 2,825 0.9 5.9 -1.6New Zealand 10,844 11,541 12,345 3.9 7.0 2.0Norway 368 356 440 0.1 23.7 5.3Papua New Guinea 3,307 2,943 2,578 0.8 -12.4 1.0Peru 184 173 149 0.0 -13.9 -2.1Philippines 2,178 2,146 2,330 0.7 8.6 8.4Republic of Korea 20,900 22,489 20,464 6.4 -9.0 0.5Russian Federation 832 875 648 0.2 -26.0 -5.1Saudi Arabia 2,329 2,600 2,465 0.8 -5.2 7.3Singapore 9,947 10,956 12,020 3.8 9.7 8.7South Africa 1,781 1,673 1,640 0.5 -2.0 -6.4Sweden 500 580 532 0.2 -8.2 -5.8Switzerland 1,406 1,783 1,460 0.5 -18.1 7.1Taiwan 8,250 8,156 7,752 2.4 -5.0 -1.0Thailand 5,754 5,610 5,987 1.9 6.7 -2.4Turkey 897 836 572 0.2 -31.6 10.3United Arab Emirates 2,791 3,292 3,959 1.2 20.3 8.7United Kingdom 9,703 7,799 8,583 2.7 10.0 -6.5United States 14,842 17,079 20,495 6.4 20.0 6.4Vietnam 2,749 3,839 4,492 1.4 17.0 13.5Country Groups (c)APEC 233,953 266,503 249,450 78.3 -6.4 6.1ASEAN 33,845 37,145 40,111 12.6 8.0 6.5European Union (d) 24,362 21,823 22,660 7.1 3.8 -3.1G20 223,214 247,500 230,325 72.3 -6.9 4.1OECD 125,827 130,115 128,212 40.2 -1.5 1.5Geographic Regions (c)Africa 4,691 4,308 4,268 1.3 -0.9 -2.1Americas 20,737 22,762 27,179 8.5 19.4 4.1Asia 226,926 255,131 237,765 74.6 -6.8 5.3Europe 28,110 25,980 26,093 8.2 0.4 -2.3Oceania & Antarctica 15,648 16,182 16,629 5.2 2.8 1.8Other (e) 6,163 6,877 6,803 2.1 -1.1 6.2World 302,276 331,241 318,737 100.0 -3.8 4.2

(a) All data is on a balance of payments basis, except for goods by country which are on a recorded trade basis. (b) May excludeselected confidential export commodities from partner country totals as well as for the country groups. Therefore movements in the confidentialised country totals may not reflect the true pattern of trade. Refer to Appendix G for details on all DFATadjustments to ABS official trade data. (c) Refer to the Explanatory notes for country group definitions. (d) Services data isEU27 from 2006-07 to August 2013, EU28 from September 2013. (e) Includes unallocated and confidential trade.Based on ABS catalogues 5368.0 & 5368.0.55.003/4 and unpublished ABS data.

TABLE 9: AUSTRALIA'S EXPORTS OF GOODS AND SERVICES (a) (b)BY SELECTED COUNTRIES AND REGIONS

% growth

(A$ million)

- 33 -

% share 2013-14 to 5 yearSelected countries 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 of total 2014-15 trendArgentina 770 947 862 0.3 -9.0 15.7Belgium & Luxembourg 1,715 1,904 1,804 0.5 -5.3 1.3Brazil 695 814 737 0.2 -9.4 -1.6Brunei 1,064 814 836 0.2 2.7 -6.8Canada 3,216 3,192 3,252 1.0 1.9 4.7Chile 1,456 1,294 1,155 0.3 -10.7 1.9China 46,398 52,255 59,496 17.4 13.9 8.5Fiji 1,110 1,191 1,218 0.4 2.3 4.2France 5,771 6,302 6,079 1.8 -3.5 -2.1Germany 12,464 14,098 13,959 4.1 -1.0 3.9Greece 471 590 645 0.2 9.2 5.7Hong Kong (SAR of China) 3,559 3,581 3,738 1.1 4.4 5.2India 3,643 4,324 5,301 1.6 22.6 15.7Indonesia 8,343 9,076 7,904 2.3 -12.9 4.3Ireland 2,548 2,613 2,857 0.8 9.3 -2.7Italy 6,663 7,411 7,291 2.1 -1.6 5.2Japan 20,707 21,163 21,131 6.2 -0.2 1.6Malaysia 10,242 12,647 11,664 3.4 -7.8 4.8Mexico 2,264 2,084 2,379 0.7 14.1 11.7Netherlands 2,939 2,875 3,058 0.9 6.4 3.5New Zealand 10,177 11,210 11,309 3.3 0.9 2.7Norway 848 854 796 0.2 -6.7 4.7Papua New Guinea 3,506 3,852 3,822 1.1 -0.8 1.8Peru 213 208 269 0.1 29.6 3.8Philippines 1,243 1,735 1,612 0.5 -7.1 16.6Republic of Korea 9,687 12,389 14,291 4.2 15.4 14.6Russian Federation 905 1,523 816 0.2 -46.4 17.3Saudi Arabia 427 387 430 0.1 11.0 -2.7Singapore 19,104 18,517 16,386 4.8 -11.5 3.9South Africa 1,361 1,381 1,581 0.5 14.4 0.1Sweden 2,424 2,300 2,155 0.6 -6.3 -1.8Switzerland 4,112 4,303 4,273 1.3 -0.7 3.2Taiwan 4,172 4,433 5,093 1.5 14.9 6.1Thailand 13,656 13,194 13,939 4.1 5.6 1.3Turkey 742 925 1,013 0.3 9.6 11.9United Arab Emirates 5,782 5,385 5,338 1.6 -0.9 4.2United Kingdom 12,127 12,518 12,559 3.7 0.3 3.3United States 40,017 41,354 44,081 12.9 6.6 5.0Vietnam 4,383 5,414 5,709 1.7 5.5 11.1Country Groups (c)APEC 204,931 220,343 229,214 67.2 4.0 5.5ASEAN 58,397 61,786 58,469 17.1 -5.4 4.1European Union (d) 56,962 61,773 60,429 17.7 -2.2 3.1G20 196,136 213,588 223,703 65.5 4.7 5.6OECD 150,577 160,812 164,361 48.2 2.2 4.3Geographic Regions (c)Africa 7,467 6,751 4,255 1.2 -37.0 4.7Americas 50,036 51,140 53,948 15.8 5.5 5.1Asia 157,401 170,413 177,862 52.1 4.4 6.1Europe 64,161 69,941 67,753 19.9 -3.1 3.3Oceania & Antarctica 15,648 17,234 17,283 5.1 0.3 2.6Other (e) 26,319 23,583 20,202 5.9 -14.3 9.6World 321,032 339,062 341,304 100.0 0.7 5.3

(a) All data is on a balance of payments basis, except for goods by country which are on a recorded trade basis. (b) May excludeselected confidential import commodities from partner country totals as well as for the country groups. Therefore movements in the confidentialised country totals may not reflect the true pattern of trade. Refer to Appendix G for details on all DFATadjustments to ABS official trade data. (c) Refer to the Explanatory notes for country group definitions. (d) Services data isEU27 from 2006-07 to August 2013, EU28 from September 2013. (e) Includes unallocated and confidential trade.Based on ABS catalogues 5368.0 & 5368.0.55.003/4 and unpublished ABS data.

TABLE 10: AUSTRALIA'S IMPORTS OF GOODS AND SERVICES (a) (b)BY SELECTED COUNTRIES AND REGIONS

% growth

(A$ million)

- 34 -

- 35 -

Section 3

Australia's trade in services

- 36 -

TABLE 11: AUSTRALIA'S EXPORTS OF SERVICESBY TYPE OF ACTIVITY

2013-14 to 5 yearServices - Type of activity 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2014-15 trend

1 28 10 -64.3 -27.4Maintenance & repair services nie 57 88 64 -27.3 7.2Transport services 6,087 6,465 6,652 2.9 0.8

Passenger (a) 2,363 2,390 2,444 2.3 -3.0Freight 373 322 241 -25.2 -10.0Other transport 2,232 2,481 2,632 6.1 3.5Postal & courier services (b) 1,119 1,272 1,335 5.0 7.5

Travel services 31,399 33,836 37,293 10.2 3.5Business 4,266 4,092 4,361 6.6 7.8Personal 27,133 29,744 32,932 10.7 3.0

Education-related 14,553 15,870 18,172 14.5 1.6Other personal travel (c) 12,580 13,874 14,760 6.4 4.7

Construction services 32 151 185 22.5 10.0Insurance & pension services 473 531 535 0.8 10.7Financial services 2,326 2,828 3,545 25.4 29.8Charges for the use of intellectual property nie 827 826 1,024 24.0 -1.9Telecom, computer & information services 1,838 1,959 2,661 35.8 7.8

Telecommunication 258 251 355 41.4 12.5Computer & information 1,580 1,708 2,306 35.0 7.2

Computer 1,258 1,383 1,850 33.8 6.5Information 81 114 106 -7.0 18.8Other computer & information 241 211 350 65.9 8.2

Other business services 8,730 8,874 8,834 -0.5 5.2Research & development 629 763 808 5.9 8.9Professional & management consulting 4,505 4,598 4,680 1.8 9.6

Legal, accounting, management consulting, public relations & other professional 3,693 3,839 3,879 1.0 8.0Advertising, market research & public opinion polling 812 759 801 5.5 19.6

Technical, trade-related & other business 3,596 3,513 3,346 -4.8 -0.3Architectural, engineering & other technical 1,786 1,640 1,563 -4.7 -2.6Waste treatment & de-pollution, agricultural & mining 295 305 210 -31.1 -1.2Operational leasing 288 275 202 -26.5 -7.4Trade-related 665 664 645 -2.9 1.1Other business nie 562 629 726 15.4 10.3

Personal, cultural & recreational services 703 818 996 21.8 3.4Audiovisual & related 169 199 222 11.6 8.2Other personal, cultural & recreational 534 619 774 25.0 2.2

Government services nie 921 966 971 0.5 3.3

Total Services 53,394 57,370 62,770 9.4 4.3

(a) Passenger services includes Agency fees & commissions for air transport . (b) Postal & courier services includes Indirectcommissions for sea transport. (c) Other personal travel includes Health-related travel.Based on ABS catalogue 5368.0. Refer to the section on data sources in the Explanatory notes .

% growth

Manufacturing services on physical inputs owned by others

(A$ million)

- 37 -

Australia's exports of services, 2014-15

Selected other services exports by major type, 2014-15

Australia's imports of services, 2014-15

Selected other services imports by major type, 2014-15

(a) Includes Telecommunication, computer & information services . (b) Includes Construction services .Based on ABS catalogue 5368.0. Refer to the section on data sources in the Explanatory notes .

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

Informationtechnology (a)

Finance, insurance& pension

Intellectual propertycharges

Other business (b) Personal &government

A$m

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

Informationtechnology (a)

Finance, insurance& pension

Intellectual propertycharges

Other business (b) Personal &government

A$m

Transport 24.0%

Other 35.4%

Business 4.8%

Education-related 1.7%

Other personal 34.2%

Travel 40.6%

Transport 10.6%

Other 30.0%

Business 6.9%

Education-related 29.0%

Other personal 23.5%

Travel 59.4%

- 38 -

TABLE 12: AUSTRALIA'S IMPORTS OF SERVICESBY TYPE OF ACTIVITY

2013-14 to 5 yearServices - Type of activity 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2014-15 trend

0 0 0 .. ..Maintenance & repair services nie 607 789 424 -46.3 14.8Transport services 16,858 17,091 17,073 -0.1 4.6

Passenger (a) 7,070 6,328 6,326 -0.0 3.6Freight 9,144 9,700 9,905 2.1 4.4Other transport 555 953 740 -22.4 27.6Postal & courier services (b) 89 110 102 -7.3 -8.3

Travel services 28,025 30,135 28,920 -4.0 4.3Business 3,609 3,493 3,422 -2.0 2.9Personal 24,416 26,642 25,498 -4.3 4.5

Education-related 1,103 1,110 1,178 6.1 5.9Other personal travel (c) 23,313 25,532 24,320 -4.7 4.4

Construction services 0 0 0 .. ..Insurance & pension services 699 729 753 3.3 2.1Financial services 1,279 1,802 2,214 22.9 32.1Charges for the use of intellectual property nie 4,112 4,282 4,565 6.6 4.5Telecom, computer & information services 2,080 2,767 3,093 11.8 9.6

Telecommunication 242 268 534 99.3 -1.9Computer & information 1,838 2,499 2,559 2.4 12.1

Computer 1,472 1,964 1,984 1.0 10.5Information 110 197 204 3.6 45.7Other computer & information 256 338 371 9.8 12.1

Other business services 11,083 11,257 11,004 -2.2 10.6Research & development 283 343 230 -32.9 -0.4Professional & management consulting 4,932 5,014 5,059 0.9 16.3

Legal, accounting, management consulting, public relations & other professional 4,584 4,703 4,665 -0.8 16.3Advertising, market research & public opinion polling 348 311 394 26.7 16.7

Technical, trade-related & other business 5,868 5,900 5,715 -3.1 7.2Architectural, engineering & other technical 3,188 3,416 2,921 -14.5 9.8Waste treatment & de-pollution, agricultural & mining 286 232 523 125.4 -8.9Operational leasing 687 555 330 -40.5 -8.5Trade-related 292 308 405 31.5 12.2Other business nie 1,415 1,389 1,536 10.6 13.9

Personal, cultural & recreational services 1,781 1,631 1,893 16.1 6.4Audiovisual & related 1,436 1,359 1,542 13.5 6.2Other personal, cultural & recreational 345 272 351 29.0 7.4

Government services nie 1,022 1,149 1,238 7.7 8.7

Total Services 67,546 71,632 71,177 -0.6 6.1

(a) Passenger services includes Agency fees & commissions for air transport . (b) Postal & courier services includes Indirect

commissions for sea transport. (c) Other personal travel includes Health-related travel.Based on ABS catalogue 5368.0. Refer to the section on data sources in the Explanatory notes .

% growth

Manufacturing services on physical inputs owned by others

(A$ million)

- 39 -

% share 2013-14 to 5 yearRank 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 of total 2014-15 trend

1 United States 17,819 19,836 20,801 15.5 4.9 8.02 China 8,653 9,673 11,225 8.4 16.0 8.63 United Kingdom 9,949 10,291 11,123 8.3 8.1 4.84 Singapore 8,357 9,019 9,331 7.0 3.5 9.35 New Zealand 6,616 7,228 7,578 5.7 4.8 5.36 Japan 4,532 4,683 4,885 3.6 4.3 2.57 Hong Kong (SAR of China) 4,187 4,298 4,621 3.4 7.5 7.08 India 3,205 3,575 4,403 3.3 23.2 1.49 Indonesia 3,497 3,904 3,820 2.9 -2.2 6.1

10 Germany 2,722 2,929 3,194 2.4 9.0 6.411 Malaysia 2,920 3,251 3,137 2.3 -3.5 4.112 United Arab Emirates 2,981 2,693 2,853 2.1 5.9 3.813 Thailand 3,321 2,984 2,780 2.1 -6.8 -1.814 Republic of Korea 2,260 2,240 2,298 1.7 2.6 -0.415 Switzerland 1,978 2,265 2,259 1.7 -0.3 0.516 France 1,861 2,192 2,235 1.7 2.0 5.417 Vietnam 1,766 1,983 2,033 1.5 2.5 6.418 Italy 1,586 1,910 1,871 1.4 -2.0 7.019 Canada 1,834 1,919 1,863 1.4 -2.9 2.020 Ireland 1,735 1,688 1,562 1.2 -7.5 5.3

Total all countries 120,940 129,002 133,947 100.0 3.8 5.3 of which: APEC 70,071 75,425 78,946 58.9 4.7 6.2

ASEAN 21,547 22,922 22,992 17.2 0.3 6.2European Union (b) 23,923 25,092 26,229 19.6 4.5 4.4G20 68,443 73,949 78,358 58.5 6.0 5.3OECD 60,388 64,635 67,197 50.2 4.0 5.1

1 China 6,691 7,510 8,833 14.1 17.6 9.22 United States 5,760 6,453 7,117 11.3 10.3 6.83 United Kingdom 4,176 4,113 4,897 7.8 19.1 4.24 New Zealand 3,529 3,878 4,046 6.4 4.3 5.95 Singapore 3,536 3,588 3,758 6.0 4.7 6.16 India 1,947 2,110 2,907 4.6 37.8 -4.97 Hong Kong (SAR of China) 1,874 1,921 2,115 3.4 10.1 7.08 Japan 2,169 2,004 2,055 3.3 2.5 -1.39 Malaysia 1,614 1,769 1,859 3.0 5.1 4.0

10 Republic of Korea 1,758 1,592 1,645 2.6 3.3 -3.111 Indonesia 1,152 1,293 1,256 2.0 -2.9 3.112 Vietnam 940 1,089 1,218 1.9 11.8 7.313 Germany 1,177 1,119 1,193 1.9 6.6 1.614 Switzerland 736 950 993 1.6 4.5 3.615 Thailand 794 851 976 1.6 14.7 -0.216 Canada 772 856 876 1.4 2.3 1.617 Taiwan 689 755 869 1.4 15.1 12.018 France 662 733 757 1.2 3.3 3.519 Phillipines 497 595 676 1.1 13.6 13.320 Brazil 424 562 647 1.0 15.1 8.9

Total all countries 53,394 57,370 62,770 100.0 9.4 4.3 of which: APEC 32,798 35,188 38,375 61.1 9.1 5.4

ASEAN 8,707 9,373 9,983 15.9 6.5 5.2European Union (b) 9,306 9,353 10,180 16.2 8.8 3.8G20 31,099 32,899 36,568 58.3 11.2 3.8OECD 24,545 25,668 27,469 43.8 7.0 3.9

continued ……

TABLE 13: AUSTRALIA'S TRADE IN SERVICES (a)BY TOP 20 PARTNERS

(A$ million)

% growth

Australia's top services two-way trading partners

Australia's top services export markets

- 40 -

% share 2013-14 to 5 yearRank 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 of total 2014-15 trend

1 United States 12,059 13,383 13,684 19.2 2.2 8.62 United Kingdom 5,773 6,178 6,226 8.7 0.8 5.23 Singapore 4,821 5,431 5,573 7.8 2.6 11.74 New Zealand 3,087 3,350 3,532 5.0 5.4 4.85 Japan 2,363 2,679 2,830 4.0 5.6 5.96 Indonesia 2,345 2,611 2,564 3.6 -1.8 7.87 Hong Kong (SAR of China) 2,313 2,377 2,506 3.5 5.4 7.08 China 1,962 2,163 2,392 3.4 10.6 6.89 United Arab Emirates 2,512 2,140 2,220 3.1 3.7 4.0

10 Germany 1,545 1,810 2,001 2.8 10.6 9.911 Thailand 2,527 2,133 1,804 2.5 -15.4 -2.612 India 1,258 1,465 1,496 2.1 2.1 20.313 France 1,199 1,459 1,478 2.1 1.3 6.514 Italy 1,153 1,392 1,308 1.8 -6.0 5.215 Malaysia 1,306 1,482 1,278 1.8 -13.8 4.116 Switzerland 1,242 1,315 1,266 1.8 -3.7 -1.617 Fiji 943 1,032 1,043 1.5 1.1 5.118 Ireland 1,047 1,078 1,034 1.5 -4.1 6.519 Netherlands 1,169 972 1,014 1.4 4.3 -4.120 Canada 1,062 1,063 987 1.4 -7.1 2.3

Total all countries 67,546 71,632 71,177 100.0 -0.6 6.1 of which: APEC 37,273 40,237 40,571 57.0 0.8 7.0

ASEAN 12,840 13,549 13,009 18.3 -4.0 7.0European Union (b) 14,617 15,739 16,049 22.5 2.0 4.8G20 37,344 41,050 41,790 58.7 1.8 6.7OECD 35,843 38,967 39,728 55.8 2.0 5.9

(a) Cells in this table may have been perturbed to protect confidentiality. (b) EU27 from 2007 to August 2013, EU28 fromSeptember 2013 onwards.Based on ABS catalogue 5368.0.55.003/4 and unpublished ABS data.

BY TOP 20 PARTNERS (cont'd)(A$ million)

% growth

Australia's top services import sources

TABLE 13: AUSTRALIA'S TRADE IN SERVICES (a)

- 41 -

% share 2013-14 to 5 year2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 of total 2014-15 trend

Selected countriesArgentina 204 195 120 0.1 -38.5 -5.2Belgium & Luxembourg 240 268 250 0.2 -6.7 0.3Brazil 540 776 771 0.6 -0.6 9.7Brunei 136 123 113 0.1 -8.1 -1.8Canada 1,834 1,919 1,863 1.4 -2.9 2.0Chile 347 411 411 0.3 0.0 -0.2China 8,653 9,673 11,225 8.4 16.0 8.6Fiji 1,075 1,176 1,213 0.9 3.1 4.8France 1,861 2,192 2,235 1.7 2.0 5.4Germany 2,722 2,929 3,194 2.4 9.0 6.4Greece 382 478 516 0.4 7.9 6.6Hong Kong (SAR of China) 4,187 4,298 4,621 3.4 7.5 7.0India 3,205 3,575 4,403 3.3 23.2 1.4Indonesia 3,497 3,904 3,820 2.9 -2.2 6.1Ireland 1,735 1,688 1,562 1.2 -7.5 5.3Italy 1,586 1,910 1,871 1.4 -2.0 7.0Japan 4,532 4,683 4,885 3.6 4.3 2.5Malaysia 2,920 3,251 3,137 2.3 -3.5 4.1Mexico 155 202 208 0.2 3.0 12.9Netherlands 1,621 1,459 1,477 1.1 1.2 -2.8New Zealand 6,616 7,228 7,578 5.7 4.8 5.3Norway 726 688 694 0.5 0.9 7.6Papua New Guinea 1,052 896 995 0.7 11.0 0.5Peru 160 185 164 0.1 -11.4 5.6Philippines 1,209 1,276 1,351 1.0 5.9 13.0Republic of Korea 2,260 2,240 2,298 1.7 2.6 -0.4Russian Federation 242 270 216 0.2 -20.0 6.5Saudi Arabia 399 396 399 0.3 0.8 0.4Singapore 8,357 9,019 9,331 7.0 3.5 9.3South Africa 904 879 830 0.6 -5.6 -2.6Sweden 367 450 503 0.4 11.8 2.8Switzerland 1,978 2,265 2,259 1.7 -0.3 0.5Taiwan 1,000 1,039 1,108 0.8 6.6 8.8Thailand 3,321 2,984 2,780 2.1 -6.8 -1.8Turkey 276 309 290 0.2 -6.1 4.0United Arab Emirates 2,981 2,693 2,853 2.1 5.9 3.8United Kingdom 9,949 10,291 11,123 8.3 8.1 4.8United States 17,819 19,836 20,801 15.5 4.9 8.0Vietnam 1,766 1,983 2,033 1.5 2.5 6.4Country Groups (b)APEC 70,071 75,425 78,946 58.9 4.7 6.2ASEAN 21,547 22,922 22,992 17.2 0.3 6.2European Union (c) 23,923 25,092 26,229 19.6 4.5 4.4G20 68,443 73,949 78,358 58.5 6.0 5.3OECD 60,388 64,635 67,197 50.2 4.0 5.1Geographic Regions (b)Africa 2,113 2,004 2,009 1.5 0.2 -2.8Americas 21,918 24,461 25,564 19.1 4.5 7.3Asia 53,034 55,926 59,544 44.5 6.5 5.4Europe 27,825 29,286 30,179 22.5 3.0 3.8Oceania 9,629 10,332 10,774 8.0 4.3 4.4Other (d) 6,421 6,993 5,877 4.4 -16.0 8.9World 120,940 129,002 133,947 100.0 3.8 5.3

(a) Cells in this table may have been perturbed to protect confidentiality. (b) Refer to the Explanatory notes for country groupings.(c) EU27 from 2007 to August 2013, EU28 from September 2013. (d) Includes unallocated and confidential trade.Based on ABS catalogue 5368.0.55.003/4 and unpublished ABS data.

TABLE 14: AUSTRALIA'S TOTAL TRADE IN SERVICES (a)BY SELECTED COUNTRIES AND REGIONS

% growth

(A$ million)

- 42 -

% share 2013-14 to 5 year2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 of total 2014-15 trend

Selected countriesArgentina 70 60 39 0.1 -35.0 -1.1Belgium & Luxembourg 150 146 129 0.2 -11.6 -3.0Brazil 424 562 647 1.0 15.1 8.9Brunei 52 44 47 0.1 6.8 -4.1Canada 772 856 876 1.4 2.3 1.6Chile 135 182 163 0.3 -10.4 -1.5China 6,691 7,510 8,833 14.1 17.6 9.2Fiji 132 144 170 0.3 18.1 2.6France 662 733 757 1.2 3.3 3.5Germany 1,177 1,119 1,193 1.9 6.6 1.6Greece 79 79 75 0.1 -5.1 14.7Hong Kong (SAR of China) 1,874 1,921 2,115 3.4 10.1 7.0India 1,947 2,110 2,907 4.6 37.8 -4.9Indonesia 1,152 1,293 1,256 2.0 -2.9 3.1Ireland 688 610 528 0.8 -13.4 3.4Italy 433 518 563 0.9 8.7 12.3Japan 2,169 2,004 2,055 3.3 2.5 -1.3Malaysia 1,614 1,769 1,859 3.0 5.1 4.0Mexico 57 71 86 0.1 21.1 7.1Netherlands 452 487 463 0.7 -4.9 0.6New Zealand 3,529 3,878 4,046 6.4 4.3 5.9Norway 252 252 269 0.4 6.7 3.9Papua New Guinea 550 500 575 0.9 15.0 -1.0Peru 77 79 61 0.1 -22.8 -3.2Philippines 497 595 676 1.1 13.6 13.3Republic of Korea 1,758 1,592 1,645 2.6 3.3 -3.1Russian Federation 151 162 138 0.2 -14.8 7.7Saudi Arabia 354 356 355 0.6 -0.3 -0.1Singapore 3,536 3,588 3,758 6.0 4.7 6.1South Africa 396 395 336 0.5 -14.9 -5.6Sweden 240 282 272 0.4 -3.5 4.0Switzerland 736 950 993 1.6 4.5 3.6Taiwan 689 755 869 1.4 15.1 12.0Thailand 794 851 976 1.6 14.7 -0.2Turkey 92 122 98 0.2 -19.7 3.3United Arab Emirates 469 553 633 1.0 14.5 3.3United Kingdom 4,176 4,113 4,897 7.8 19.1 4.2United States 5,760 6,453 7,117 11.3 10.3 6.8Vietnam 940 1,089 1,218 1.9 11.8 7.3Country Groups (b)APEC 32,798 35,188 38,375 61.1 9.1 5.4ASEAN 8,707 9,373 9,983 15.9 6.5 5.2European Union (c) 9,306 9,353 10,180 16.2 8.8 3.8G20 31,099 32,899 36,568 58.3 11.2 3.8OECD 24,545 25,668 27,469 43.8 7.0 3.9Geographic Regions (b)Africa 1,062 990 1,061 1.7 7.2 -3.6Americas 7,770 8,819 9,836 15.7 11.5 6.2Asia 27,168 28,927 32,394 51.6 12.0 4.3Europe 10,730 11,041 11,848 18.9 7.3 3.6Oceania & Antartica 4,496 4,892 5,139 8.2 5.0 4.5Other (d) 2,168 2,701 2,492 4.0 -7.7 5.5World 53,394 57,370 62,770 100.0 9.4 4.3

(a) Cells in this table may have been perturbed to protect confidentiality. (b) Refer to the Explanatory notes for country groupings.(c) EU27 from 2007 to August 2013, EU28 from September 2013. (d) Includes unallocated and confidential trade.Based on ABS catalogue 5368.0.55.003/4 and unpublished ABS data.

TABLE 15: AUSTRALIA'S EXPORTS OF SERVICES (a)BY SELECTED COUNTRIES AND REGIONS

% growth

(A$ million)

- 43 -

% share 2013-14 to 5 year2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 of total 2014-15 trend

Selected countriesArgentina 134 135 81 0.1 -40.0 -6.8Belgium & Luxembourg 90 122 121 0.2 -0.8 4.9Brazil 116 214 124 0.2 -42.1 11.9Brunei 84 79 66 0.1 -16.5 0.1Canada 1,062 1,063 987 1.4 -7.1 2.3Chile 212 229 248 0.3 8.3 0.7China 1,962 2,163 2,392 3.4 10.6 6.8Fiji 943 1,032 1,043 1.5 1.1 5.1France 1,199 1,459 1,478 2.1 1.3 6.5Germany 1,545 1,810 2,001 2.8 10.6 9.9Greece 303 399 441 0.6 10.5 5.4Hong Kong (SAR of China) 2,313 2,377 2,506 3.5 5.4 7.0India 1,258 1,465 1,496 2.1 2.1 20.3Indonesia 2,345 2,611 2,564 3.6 -1.8 7.8Ireland 1,047 1,078 1,034 1.5 -4.1 6.5Italy 1,153 1,392 1,308 1.8 -6.0 5.2Japan 2,363 2,679 2,830 4.0 5.6 5.9Malaysia 1,306 1,482 1,278 1.8 -13.8 4.1Mexico 98 131 122 0.2 -6.9 17.4Netherlands 1,169 972 1,014 1.4 4.3 -4.1New Zealand 3,087 3,350 3,532 5.0 5.4 4.8Norway 474 436 425 0.6 -2.5 10.4Papua New Guinea 502 396 420 0.6 6.1 2.5Peru 83 106 103 0.1 -2.8 14.5Philippines 712 681 675 0.9 -0.9 12.7Republic of Korea 502 648 653 0.9 0.8 9.1Russian Federation 91 108 78 0.1 -27.8 4.7Saudi Arabia 45 40 44 0.1 10.0 5.6Singapore 4,821 5,431 5,573 7.8 2.6 11.7South Africa 508 484 494 0.7 2.1 -0.1Sweden 127 168 231 0.3 37.5 1.3Switzerland 1,242 1,315 1,266 1.8 -3.7 -1.6Taiwan 311 284 239 0.3 -15.8 1.2Thailand 2,527 2,133 1,804 2.5 -15.4 -2.6Turkey 184 187 192 0.3 2.7 4.3United Arab Emirates 2,512 2,140 2,220 3.1 3.7 4.0United Kingdom 5,773 6,178 6,226 8.7 0.8 5.2United States 12,059 13,383 13,684 19.2 2.2 8.6Vietnam 826 894 815 1.1 -8.8 5.1Country Groups (b)APEC 37,273 40,237 40,571 57.0 0.8 7.0ASEAN 12,840 13,549 13,009 18.3 -4.0 7.0European Union (c) 14,617 15,739 16,049 22.5 2.0 4.8G20 37,344 41,050 41,790 58.7 1.8 6.7OECD 35,843 38,967 39,728 55.8 2.0 5.9Geographic Regions (b)Africa 1,051 1,014 948 1.3 -6.5 -1.9Americas 14,148 15,642 15,728 22.1 0.5 8.0Asia 25,866 26,999 27,150 38.1 0.6 6.8Europe 17,095 18,245 18,331 25.8 0.5 3.9Oceania & Antartica 5,133 5,440 5,635 7.9 3.6 4.2Other (d) 4,253 4,292 3,385 4.8 -21.1 11.4World 67,546 71,632 71,177 100.0 -0.6 6.1

(a) Cells in this table may have been perturbed to protect confidentiality. (b) Refer to the Explanatory notes for country groupings.(c) EU27 from 2007 to August 2013, EU28 from September 2013. (d) Includes unallocated and confidential trade.Based on ABS catalogue 5368.0.55.003/4 and unpublished ABS data.

TABLE 16: AUSTRALIA'S IMPORTS OF SERVICES (a)BY SELECTED COUNTRIES AND REGIONS

% growth

(A$ million)

- 44 -

- 45 -

AUSTRALIA'S MERCHANDISE TRADE ON A

RECORDED TRADE BASIS

Section 4

Australia's merchandise trade

- 46 -

- 47 -

2013-14 to 5 yearTRIEC 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 % share 2014-15 trend

Merchandise exportsPrimary products 186,210 210,918 190,963 75.0 -9.5 5.6

Unprocessed food 15,184 15,512 15,345 6.0 -1.1 11.4 Processed food 17,246 20,230 23,559 9.3 16.5 7.5 Minerals 79,317 96,465 78,072 30.7 -19.1 7.1 Fuels 66,980 71,029 66,484 26.1 -6.4 2.1 Other primary 7,482 7,681 7,504 2.9 -2.3 7.4

Manufactured products 39,713 42,057 43,384 17.0 3.2 1.4

STM (excl Nickel) 12,599 13,741 14,121 5.5 2.8 0.9 ETM 27,113 28,316 29,263 11.5 3.3 1.7

Other 21,057 19,947 20,278 8.0 1.7 -1.5 Gold 15,300 13,261 13,512 5.3 1.9 -0.6

Total merchandise exports 246,979 272,921 254,625 100.0 -6.7 4.2

Merchandise importsPrimary products 55,672 60,890 53,668 20.9 -11.9 6.5

Unprocessed food 1,614 1,921 2,166 0.8 12.7 6.8 Processed food 10,940 12,993 14,162 5.5 9.0 9.2 Minerals 1,025 845 1,258 0.5 48.9 7.4 Fuels 40,793 43,594 34,309 13.4 -21.3 5.5 Other primary 1,300 1,537 1,773 0.7 15.4 5.6

Manufactured products 170,656 180,262 191,712 74.8 6.4 4.9

STM 14,118 14,875 15,382 6.0 3.4 1.9 ETM 156,538 165,387 176,330 68.8 6.6 5.2

Other 9,916 11,048 11,076 4.3 0.3 -4.7 Gold 5,169 4,767 3,772 1.5 -20.9 -11.5

Total merchandise imports 236,243 252,200 256,456 100.0 1.7 4.8

(a) Recorded trade basis. Source: DFAT STARS database.

TABLE 17: AUSTRALIA'S MERCHANDISE TRADE BY BROAD CATEGORYTOTAL EXPORTS AND IMPORTS (a)

(A$ million)

% growth

0

50

100

150

200

250

2012-13 2013-14 2014-15

Exports

Primary products Manufactured products Other

0

50

100

150

200

250

2012-13 2013-14 2014-15

Imports

Primary products Manufactured products Other

- 48 -

2013-14 to 5 yearTRIEC 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 % share 2014-15 trend

Primary products 185,909 210,538 190,367 78.0 -9.6 5.6

Unprocessed food 15,160 15,491 15,253 6.2 -1.5 11.3 Processed food 17,039 19,930 23,131 9.5 16.1 7.5 Minerals 79,304 96,444 78,057 32.0 -19.1 7.1 Fuels 66,932 71,004 66,451 27.2 -6.4 2.1 Other primary 7,473 7,668 7,475 3.1 -2.5 7.4

Manufactured products 32,579 33,738 34,204 14.0 1.4 0.1

STM (excl Nickel) 12,387 13,504 13,764 5.6 1.9 0.7 ETM 20,192 20,235 20,440 8.4 1.0 -0.3

Other 20,762 19,103 19,623 8.0 2.7 -1.1 Gold 15,291 13,250 13,457 5.5 1.6 -0.7

Australian produced exports (a) 239,251 263,379 244,194 100.0 -7.3 4.1

Re-exports 7,729 9,542 10,431 .. 9.3 5.5

246,979 272,921 254,625 .. -6.7 4.2

(a) Australian produced exports excludes re-exports (see the Explanatory notes ).Source: DFAT STARS database.

Total merchandise exports

TABLE 18: AUSTRALIA'S MERCHANDISE EXPORTS BY BROAD CATEGORYAUSTRALIAN PRODUCED EXPORTS

(A$ million)

% growth

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15

A$b Total merchandise exports

Re-exports

Australian produced exports

- 49 -

2013-14 to 5 yearTRIEC 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 % share 2014-15 trend

Primary products (a) 186,210 210,918 190,963 75.0 -9.5 5.6

11 Unprocessed 144,886 164,243 140,523 55.2 -14.4 4.6

111 Food 15,184 15,512 15,345 6.0 -1.1 11.4 112 Minerals 73,986 90,792 71,762 28.2 -21.0 7.4 113 Fuels 48,352 50,387 46,039 18.1 -8.6 -1.1 114 Other primary products 7,364 7,552 7,377 2.9 -2.3 7.7

12 Processed 41,324 46,674 50,440 19.8 8.1 9.0 121 Food 17,246 20,230 23,559 9.3 16.5 7.5 122 Minerals 5,331 5,673 6,309 2.5 11.2 4.2 123 Fuels 18,628 20,643 20,445 8.0 -1.0 12.5 124 Other primary products 118 129 127 0.0 -1.6 -4.3

Manufactured products (a) 39,713 42,057 43,384 17.0 3.2 1.4

23 Simply transformed (excl Nickel) 12,599 13,741 14,121 5.5 2.8 0.9 231 Mineral manufactures & metals 9,365 10,362 10,525 4.1 1.6 0.2 232 Chemicals & other semi-manuf 3,203 3,353 3,573 1.4 6.6 3.2 233 Other manufactures 31 26 23 0.0 -10.3 -13.9 24 Elaborately transformed 27,113 28,316 29,263 11.5 3.3 1.7 241 Mineral manufactures & metals 2,045 1,863 1,537 0.6 -17.5 -7.4 242 Chemicals & other semi-manuf 6,123 5,821 5,108 2.0 -12.2 -3.8 243 Engineering products 15,590 16,954 18,648 7.3 10.0 4.6 244 Other manufactures 3,355 3,678 3,970 1.6 7.9 2.8

Other goods 21,057 19,947 20,278 8.0 1.7 -1.5 302 Gold 15,300 13,261 13,512 5.3 1.9 -0.6

Other 5,757 6,686 6,766 2.7 1.2 -3.2

246,979 272,921 254,625 100.0 -6.7 4.2

(a) Excludes commodities subject to a confidentiality restriction.Source: DFAT STARS database.

Total merchandise exports

TABLE 19: AUSTRALIA'S TOTAL MERCHANDISE EXPORTS

(A$ million)

% growth

BY BROAD LEVEL OF PROCESSING

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

2012-13 2013-14 2014-15

A$b Total merchandise exports

Unprocessed Processed STM (excl Nickel) ETM Other goods

- 50 -

2013-14 to 5 yearTRIEC 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 % share 2014-15 trend

Primary products (a) 55,672 60,890 53,668 20.9 -11.9 6.5

11 Unprocessed 25,612 25,882 18,484 7.2 -28.6 0.6

111 Food 1,614 1,921 2,166 0.8 12.7 6.8 112 Minerals 958 701 1,036 0.4 47.8 4.3 113 Fuels 22,615 22,762 14,728 5.7 -35.3 -0.6 114 Other primary products 425 497 554 0.2 11.6 11.4

12 Processed 30,060 35,008 35,183 13.7 0.5 11.1 121 Food 10,940 12,993 14,162 5.5 9.0 9.2 122 Minerals 67 144 222 0.1 54.5 38.5 123 Fuels 18,178 20,832 19,581 7.6 -6.0 12.9 124 Other primary products 875 1,040 1,219 0.5 17.2 3.4

Manufactured products (a) 170,656 180,262 191,712 74.8 6.4 4.9

23 Simply transformed 14,118 14,875 15,382 6.0 3.4 1.9 231 Mineral manufactures & metals 3,403 3,810 3,767 1.5 -1.1 3.5 232 Chemicals & other semi-manuf 10,355 10,634 11,146 4.3 4.8 1.5 233 Other manufactures 359 431 469 0.2 9.0 1.2 24 Elaborately transformed 156,538 165,387 176,330 68.8 6.6 5.2 241 Mineral manufactures & metals 5,267 5,906 7,119 2.8 20.5 7.5 242 Chemicals & other semi-manuf 20,890 21,473 21,738 8.5 1.2 3.3 243 Engineering products 98,323 101,212 107,188 41.8 5.9 5.4 244 Other manufactures 32,059 36,796 40,285 15.7 9.5 5.5

Other goods 9,916 11,048 11,076 4.3 0.3 -4.7 302 Gold 5,169 4,767 3,772 1.5 -20.9 -11.5

Other 4,747 6,281 7,304 2.8 16.3 1.2

236,243 252,200 256,456 100.0 1.7 4.8

(a) Excludes commodities subject to a confidentiality restriction.Source: DFAT STARS database.

Total merchandise imports

TABLE 20: AUSTRALIA'S TOTAL MERCHANDISE IMPORTS

(A$ million)

% growth

BY BROAD LEVEL OF PROCESSING

0

30

60

90

120

150

180

2012-13 2013-14 2014-15

A$b

Total merchandise imports

Unprocessed Processed STM ETM Other goods

- 51 -

2013-14 to 5 yearTRIEC 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 % share 2014-15 trend

Primary products (a) 185,909 210,538 190,367 78.0 -9.6 5.6

11 Unprocessed 144,843 164,192 140,391 57.5 -14.5 4.6

111 Food 15,160 15,491 15,253 6.2 -1.5 11.3 112 Minerals 73,974 90,772 71,748 29.4 -21.0 7.4 113 Fuels 48,352 50,386 46,039 18.9 -8.6 -1.1 114 Other primary products 7,358 7,543 7,352 3.0 -2.5 7.7

12 Processed 41,066 46,346 49,976 20.5 7.8 9.0 121 Food 17,039 19,930 23,131 9.5 16.1 7.5 122 Minerals 5,331 5,673 6,309 2.6 11.2 4.2 123 Fuels 18,581 20,617 20,412 8.4 -1.0 12.6 124 Other primary products 115 125 123 0.1 -1.7 -4.6

Manufactured products (a) 32,579 33,738 34,204 14.0 1.4 0.1

23 Simply transformed (excl Nickel) 12,387 13,504 13,764 5.6 1.9 0.7 231 Mineral manufactures & metals 9,268 10,251 10,388 4.3 1.3 0.2 232 Chemicals & other semi-manuf 3,093 3,234 3,359 1.4 3.9 2.6 233 Other manufactures 26 18 18 0.0 -4.4 -17.0 24 Elaborately transformed 20,192 20,235 20,440 8.4 1.0 -0.3 241 Mineral manufactures & metals 1,996 1,811 1,466 0.6 -19.1 -7.1 242 Chemicals & other semi-manuf 4,067 3,828 3,899 1.6 1.8 -4.8 243 Engineering products 11,570 11,837 12,332 5.1 4.2 2.1 244 Other manufactures 2,559 2,758 2,743 1.1 -0.5 1.9

Other goods 20,762 19,103 19,623 8.0 2.7 -1.1 302 Gold 15,291 13,250 13,457 5.5 1.6 -0.7

Other 5,471 5,853 6,166 2.5 5.3 -1.9

239,251 263,379 244,194 100.0 -7.3 4.1

(a) Excludes commodities subject to a confidentiality restriction.Source: DFAT STARS database.

Total Australian produced exports

TABLE 21: AUSTRALIAN PRODUCED EXPORTS

(A$ million)

% growth

BY BROAD LEVEL OF PROCESSING

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

2012-13 2013-14 2014-15

A$b

Australian produced exports

Unprocessed Processed STM (excl Nickel) ETM Other goods

- 52 -

2013-14 to 5 yearTRIEC 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2014-15 trend

1 Primary products (a) 186,210 210,918 190,963 -9.5 5.6

11 Unprocessed 144,886 164,243 140,523 -14.4 4.6

111 Food & live animals 15,184 15,512 15,345 -1.1 11.4

1111 Live animals, chiefly for food 986 1,400 1,785 27.5 7.31112 Seafood, fresh, chilled, dried, smoked, salted 691 797 954 19.7 7.91113 Vegetables, fruit & nuts, fresh, chilled, or

provisionally preserved 2,040 2,250 2,574 14.4 15.51114 Cereal grains 8,233 8,215 7,758 -5.6 10.61119 Unprocessed food nes 3,234 2,851 2,274 -20.2 14.9

112 Minerals 73,986 90,792 71,762 -21.0 7.4

1121 Iron ore & concentrates 57,075 74,671 54,465 -27.1 8.51122 Other metalliferous ores & concentrates 14,636 13,744 14,776 7.5 3.51129 Unprocessed minerals nes 2,275 2,377 2,522 6.1 6.5

113 Fuels 48,352 50,387 46,039 -8.6 -1.1

1131 Coal, anthracite & bituminous 38,640 39,960 37,885 -5.2 -0.91132 Crude petroleum 9,712 10,427 8,154 -21.8 -2.21133 Petroleum gases & gaseous hydrocarbons nes,

unprocessed 0 0 0 .. ..

114 Other primary products 7,364 7,552 7,377 -2.3 7.7

1141 Hides, skins & furskins, raw 877 1,065 1,044 -2.0 11.21142 Cork & wood 997 1,305 1,510 15.8 2.41143 Textile fibres, unprocessed & waste 5,233 4,885 4,402 -9.9 8.41149 Crude materials nes 257 298 421 41.3 15.2

12 Processed 41,324 46,674 50,440 8.1 9.0

121 Food 17,246 20,230 23,559 16.5 7.5

1211 Meat & meat preparations 7,644 9,862 12,973 31.5 14.41212 Seafood, frozen or processed 281 308 310 0.7 -0.11213 Dairy products 1,970 2,474 2,205 -10.9 4.01214 Vegetables, fruit & nuts preparations 184 178 171 -4.3 -4.51215 Cereal preparations 811 847 867 2.3 11.41216 Animal & vegetable oils, fats & waxes 671 748 735 -1.7 5.91217 Sugars, honey, cocoa & confectionery 1,774 1,771 1,794 1.3 -3.81219 Preparations of food, beverages & tobacco nes 3,910 4,042 4,504 11.4 1.9

122 Minerals 5,331 5,673 6,309 11.2 4.2

1221 Non-metallic minerals, processed 0 0 0 .. ..1222 Metallic minerals, processed 5,331 5,673 6,309 11.2 4.2

123 Fuels 18,628 20,643 20,445 -1.0 12.5

1231 Refined petroleum 2,932 2,816 2,511 -10.8 0.81232 Petroleum gases & other gaseous hydrocarbons,

processed 15,360 17,573 17,716 0.8 15.11239 Other processed fuels nes 336 254 218 -14.1 5.0

124 Other primary products 118 129 127 -1.6 -4.3

1241 Rubber (natural, synthetic & reclaimed) 20 15 13 -15.1 1.91242 Wood, simply worked & pulp 93 111 112 1.2 -4.51243 Textile fibres, processed 5 3 2 -34.0 -16.2

% growth

TABLE 22: AUSTRALIA'S TOTAL MERCHANDISE EXPORTS

(A$ million) BY LEVEL OF PROCESSING

- 53 -

2013-14 to 5 yearTRIEC 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2014-15 trend

2 Manufactured products (a) 39,713 42,057 43,384 3.2 1.423 Simply transformed (excl Nickel) 12,599 13,741 14,121 2.8 0.9231 Mineral manufactures & metals 9,365 10,362 10,525 1.6 0.22311 Non-metallic mineral manufactures, simply

transformed 1,256 1,161 1,097 -5.5 2.32312 Iron & steel, simply transformed 299 226 371 64.3 -19.92313 Non-ferrous metals, simply transformed (excl Nickel) 7,810 8,976 9,057 0.9 1.3232 Chemicals & other semi-manufactures 3,203 3,353 3,573 6.6 3.22321 Organic chemicals 152 137 177 28.6 10.82322 Inorganic chemicals 761 857 829 -3.2 10.82323 Other chemical & chemical preparations, simply

transformed 1,291 1,176 1,319 12.2 -1.82324 Other semi-manufactures, simply transformed 999 1,183 1,248 5.5 3.7233 Other manufactures 31 26 23 -10.3 -13.92339 Other simply transformed manufactures nes 31 26 23 -10.3 -13.924 Elaborately transformed 27,113 28,316 29,263 3.3 1.7241 Mineral manufactures & metals 2,045 1,863 1,537 -17.5 -7.42411 Non-metallic mineral manufactures, elaborately

transformed 113 123 126 2.7 8.72412 Iron & steel, elaborately transformed 534 452 386 -14.6 -8.62413 Non-ferrous metals, elaborately transformed 1,398 1,287 1,024 -20.4 -8.0242 Chemicals & other semi-manufactures 6,123 5,821 5,108 -12.2 -3.82421 Pharmaceutical products 3,802 3,272 2,379 -27.3 -8.52422 Essential oils, perfume & cosmetic products 518 594 594 0.0 5.42423 Plastics & articles of plastic 639 654 681 4.1 0.62424 Other chemical & chemical preparations,

elaborately transformed 845 963 1,099 14.1 2.42425 Other semi-manufactures, elaborately transformed 320 338 356 5.2 0.5243 Engineering products 15,590 16,954 18,648 10.0 4.62431 Machinery for specialised industries 4,200 4,143 4,432 7.0 2.82432 Office & telecommunication equipment & parts 1,925 2,390 2,671 11.8 8.12433 Road motor vehicles & parts 2,683 2,925 2,994 2.4 3.12434 Other transport equipment & parts 1,762 2,268 2,686 18.4 13.12435 Professional, scientific & controlling instruments &

apparatus 1,888 2,126 2,586 21.6 2.72439 Other engineering products nes 3,133 3,102 3,279 5.7 2.3244 Other manufactures 3,355 3,678 3,970 7.9 2.82441 Household equipment 782 842 972 15.4 1.22442 Textiles, clothing & footwear 499 482 538 11.8 0.82449 Other miscellaneous manufactured articles nes 2,074 2,354 2,459 4.4 4.0

3 Other goods 21,057 19,947 20,278 1.7 -1.5301 Miscellaneous trade 1,874 2,407 1,962 -18.5 -2.43011 Armoured fighting vehicles, arms of war etc & parts,

nes 68 93 101 7.7 -2.03012 Gold coins & other coins that are legal tender 938 858 689 -19.7 7.53019 Miscellaneous merchandise trade nes 868 1,455 1,172 -19.5 -6.7302 Gold 15,300 13,261 13,512 1.9 -0.6303 Unclassified trade & invalid items 0 0 0 .. ..304 Confidential trade 3,883 4,279 4,804 12.3 -3.6

Total merchandise exports 246,979 272,921 254,625 -6.7 4.2

(a) Excludes commodities subject to a confidentiality restriction.Source: DFAT STARS database.

% growth

(A$ million)

TABLE 22: AUSTRALIA'S TOTAL MERCHANDISE EXPORTS BY LEVEL OF PROCESSING (cont'd)

- 54 -

2013-14 to 5 yearTRIEC 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2014-15 trend

1 Primary products (a) 55,672 60,890 53,668 -11.9 6.5

11 Unprocessed 25,612 25,882 18,484 -28.6 0.6

111 Food & live animals 1,614 1,921 2,166 12.7 6.8

1111 Live animals, chiefly for food 94 112 102 -9.8 -1.61112 Seafood, fresh, chilled, dried, smoked, salted 291 336 338 0.6 7.91113 Vegetables, fruit & nuts, fresh, chilled, or

provisionally preserved 677 842 973 15.6 9.41114 Cereal grains 10 26 27 5.0 45.61119 Unprocessed food nes 542 605 726 20.0 3.9

112 Minerals 958 701 1,036 47.8 4.3

1121 Iron ore & concentrates 66 39 96 148.2 -24.51122 Other metalliferous ores & concentrates 548 372 556 49.3 7.91129 Unprocessed minerals nes 344 290 384 32.3 16.0

113 Fuels 22,615 22,762 14,728 -35.3 -0.6

1131 Coal, anthracite & bituminous 6 11 22 91.1 -3.61132 Crude petroleum 20,187 21,590 14,704 -31.9 0.81133 Petroleum gases & gaseous hydrocarbons nes,

unprocessed 2,422 1,161 3 -99.8 -59.7

114 Other primary products 425 497 554 11.6 11.4

1141 Hides, skins & furskins, raw 3 4 6 63.6 37.41142 Cork & wood 13 17 16 -6.4 24.81143 Textile fibres, unprocessed & waste 20 24 29 17.0 1.11149 Crude materials nes 389 452 504 11.5 11.7

12 Processed 30,060 35,008 35,183 0.5 11.1

121 Food 10,940 12,993 14,162 9.0 9.2

1211 Meat & meat preparations 639 646 790 22.3 6.61212 Seafood, frozen or processed 1,142 1,447 1,431 -1.2 8.41213 Dairy products 584 780 803 3.0 8.41214 Vegetables, fruit & nuts preparations 1,098 1,285 1,412 9.9 8.31215 Cereal preparations 186 228 256 12.2 0.81216 Animal & vegetable oils, fats & waxes 564 620 660 6.5 2.21217 Sugars, honey, cocoa & confectionery 905 1,164 1,314 12.9 7.51219 Preparations of food, beverages & tobacco nes 5,821 6,823 7,496 9.9 11.3

122 Minerals 67 144 222 54.5 38.5

1221 Non-metallic minerals, processed 3 4 5 49.8 20.81222 Metallic minerals, processed 64 140 216 54.6 39.5

123 Fuels 18,178 20,832 19,581 -6.0 12.9

1231 Refined petroleum 16,844 19,203 18,074 -5.9 13.11232 Petroleum gases & other gaseous hydrocarbons,

processed 415 338 316 -6.7 -4.91239 Other processed fuels nes 919 1,291 1,191 -7.7 18.2

124 Other primary products 875 1,040 1,219 17.2 3.4

1241 Rubber (natural, synthetic & reclaimed) 53 64 66 3.5 -4.31242 Wood, simply worked & pulp 756 899 1,082 20.3 5.01243 Textile fibres, processed 66 77 71 -7.6 -6.1

% growth

TABLE 23: AUSTRALIA'S TOTAL MERCHANDISE IMPORTS

(A$ million) BY LEVEL OF PROCESSING

- 55 -

2013-14 to 5 yearTRIEC 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2014-15 trend

2 Manufactured products (a) 170,656 180,262 191,712 6.4 4.923 Simply transformed 14,118 14,875 15,382 3.4 1.9231 Mineral manufactures & metals 3,403 3,810 3,767 -1.1 3.52311 Non-metallic mineral manufactures, simply

transformed 2,065 2,731 2,772 1.5 6.72312 Iron & steel, simply transformed 193 163 175 7.0 -14.12313 Non-ferrous metals, simply transformed 1,145 916 820 -10.5 0.6232 Chemicals & other semi-manufactures 10,355 10,634 11,146 4.8 1.52321 Organic chemicals 2,434 2,355 2,432 3.3 -6.72322 Inorganic chemicals 1,601 1,426 1,532 7.5 6.82323 Other chemical & chemical preparations, simply

transformed 3,739 4,149 4,405 6.2 6.72324 Other semi-manufactures, simply transformed 2,581 2,704 2,777 2.7 0.7233 Other manufactures 359 431 469 9.0 1.22339 Other simply transformed manufactures nes 359 431 469 9.0 1.224 Elaborately transformed 156,538 165,387 176,330 6.6 5.2241 Mineral manufactures & metals 5,267 5,906 7,119 20.5 7.52411 Non-metallic mineral manufactures, elaborately

transformed 390 478 542 13.4 6.82412 Iron & steel, elaborately transformed 3,849 4,081 4,896 20.0 8.22413 Non-ferrous metals, elaborately transformed 1,028 1,347 1,682 24.8 5.9242 Chemicals & other semi-manufactures 20,890 21,473 21,738 1.2 3.32421 Pharmaceutical products 9,896 9,544 9,190 -3.7 0.42422 Essential oils, perfume & cosmetic products 1,459 1,737 1,868 7.5 6.92423 Plastics & articles of plastic 2,995 3,592 3,718 3.5 6.42424 Other chemical & chemical preparations,

elaborately transformed 1,762 1,917 2,140 11.6 7.82425 Other semi-manufactures, elaborately transformed 4,777 4,684 4,822 3.0 4.4243 Engineering products 98,323 101,212 107,188 5.9 5.42431 Machinery for specialised industries 23,689 25,222 26,337 4.4 6.22432 Office & telecommunication equipment & parts 16,858 17,437 20,633 18.3 4.72433 Road motor vehicles & parts 28,113 26,961 27,952 3.7 4.22434 Other transport equipment & parts (b) 5,692 5,839 4,948 -15.3 5.82435 Professional, scientific & controlling instruments &

apparatus 6,009 6,725 7,520 11.8 6.22439 Other engineering products nes 17,962 19,028 19,799 4.0 6.6244 Other manufactures 32,059 36,796 40,285 9.5 5.52441 Household equipment 9,503 10,443 11,410 9.3 1.92442 Textiles, clothing & footwear 9,759 11,455 12,580 9.8 8.62449 Other miscellaneous manufactured articles nes 12,797 14,898 16,295 9.4 6.13 Other goods 9,916 11,048 11,076 0.3 -4.7301 Miscellaneous trade 451 484 349 -27.8 -3.03011 Armoured fighting vehicles, arms of war etc & parts,

nes 356 431 285 -33.9 -4.23012 Gold coins & other coins that are legal tender 60 42 54 28.1 37.43019 Miscellaneous merchandise trade nes 36 10 10 -2.6 -27.0302 Gold 5,169 4,767 3,772 -20.9 -11.5303 Unclassified trade & invalid items 0 0 0 .. ..304 Confidential trade 4,296 5,797 6,955 20.0 1.4

Total merchandise imports 236,243 252,200 256,456 1.7 4.8(a) Excludes commodities subject to a confidentiality restriction. (b) Excludes aircraft imports from Sep 2008 onwards. Theseare now included in confidential trade.Source: DFAT STARS database.

% growth

(A$ million)

TABLE 23: AUSTRALIA'S TOTAL MERCHANDISE IMPORTS BY LEVEL OF PROCESSING (cont'd)

- 56 -

2013-14 to 5 yearTRIEC 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2014-15 trend

1 Primary products (a) 185,909 210,538 190,367 -9.6 5.6

11 Unprocessed 144,843 164,192 140,391 -14.5 4.6

111 Food & live animals 15,160 15,491 15,253 -1.5 11.3

1111 Live animals, chiefly for food 984 1,397 1,777 27.2 7.31112 Seafood, fresh, chilled, dried, smoked, salted 688 793 927 16.9 7.51113 Vegetables, fruit & nuts, fresh, chilled, or

provisionally preserved 2,036 2,242 2,532 12.9 15.31114 Cereal grains 8,233 8,215 7,757 -5.6 10.61119 Unprocessed food nes 3,220 2,844 2,259 -20.6 14.9

112 Minerals 73,974 90,772 71,748 -21.0 7.4

1121 Iron ore & concentrates 57,075 74,667 54,465 -27.1 8.51122 Other metalliferous ores & concentrates 14,636 13,740 14,776 7.5 3.51129 Unprocessed minerals nes 2,263 2,365 2,507 6.0 6.5

113 Fuels 48,352 50,386 46,039 -8.6 -1.1

1131 Coal, anthracite & bituminous 38,640 39,960 37,885 -5.2 -0.91132 Crude petroleum 9,712 10,427 8,154 -21.8 -2.21133 Petroleum gases & gaseous hydrocarbons nes,

unprocessed 0 0 0 .. ..

114 Other primary products 7,358 7,543 7,352 -2.5 7.7

1141 Hides, skins & furskins, raw 877 1,065 1,042 -2.2 11.21142 Cork & wood 997 1,304 1,508 15.6 2.41143 Textile fibres, unprocessed & waste 5,232 4,884 4,399 -9.9 8.41149 Crude materials nes 252 289 402 39.0 14.8

12 Processed 41,066 46,346 49,976 7.8 9.0

121 Food 17,039 19,930 23,131 16.1 7.5

1211 Meat & meat preparations 7,640 9,854 12,941 31.3 14.31212 Seafood, frozen or processed 267 270 279 3.5 -1.51213 Dairy products 1,967 2,466 2,193 -11.0 3.91214 Vegetables, fruit & nuts preparations 179 172 164 -5.0 -4.71215 Cereal preparations 810 846 865 2.2 11.41216 Animal & vegetable oils, fats & waxes 667 745 727 -2.4 5.81217 Sugars, honey, cocoa & confectionery 1,750 1,748 1,758 0.6 -3.81219 Preparations of food, beverages & tobacco nes 3,760 3,830 4,205 9.8 1.4

122 Minerals 5,331 5,673 6,309 11.2 4.2

1221 Non-metallic minerals, processed 0 0 0 .. ..1222 Metallic minerals, processed 5,331 5,673 6,309 11.2 4.2

123 Fuels 18,581 20,617 20,412 -1.0 12.6

1231 Refined petroleum 2,918 2,801 2,488 -11.2 0.71232 Petroleum gases & other gaseous hydrocarbons,

processed 15,332 17,569 17,715 0.8 15.31239 Other processed fuels nes 331 247 210 -15.2 4.3

124 Other primary products 115 125 123 -1.7 -4.6

1241 Rubber (natural, synthetic & reclaimed) 19 14 12 -18.2 1.81242 Wood, simply worked & pulp 91 110 110 0.1 -4.71243 Textile fibres, processed 4 2 2 22.1 -21.5

% growth

TABLE 24: AUSTRALIAN PRODUCED EXPORTS

(A$ million)BY LEVEL OF PROCESSING

- 57 -

2013-14 to 5 yearTRIEC 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2014-15 trend

2 Manufactured products (a) 32,579 33,738 34,204 1.4 0.123 Simply transformed (excl Nickel) 12,387 13,504 13,764 1.9 0.7231 Mineral manufactures & metals 9,268 10,251 10,388 1.3 0.22311 Non-metallic mineral manufactures, simply

transformed 1,161 1,056 971 -8.0 2.02312 Iron & steel, simply transformed 298 223 370 66.1 -20.02313 Non-ferrous metals, simply transformed (excl Nickel) 7,809 8,972 9,046 0.8 1.3232 Chemicals & other semi-manufactures 3,093 3,234 3,359 3.9 2.62321 Organic chemicals 126 120 124 3.7 5.62322 Inorganic chemicals 748 832 797 -4.2 10.22323 Other chemical & chemical preparations, simply

transformed 1,236 1,118 1,211 8.3 -2.42324 Other semi-manufactures, simply transformed 983 1,164 1,227 5.4 3.7233 Other manufactures 26 18 18 -4.4 -17.02339 Other simply transformed manufactures nes 26 18 18 -4.4 -17.024 Elaborately transformed 20,192 20,235 20,440 1.0 -0.3241 Mineral manufactures & metals 1,996 1,811 1,466 -19.1 -7.12411 Non-metallic mineral manufactures, elaborately

transformed 109 118 118 -0.1 8.92412 Iron & steel, elaborately transformed 492 412 337 -18.1 -9.52413 Non-ferrous metals, elaborately transformed 1,395 1,282 1,011 -21.1 -7.3242 Chemicals & other semi-manufactures 4,067 3,828 3,899 1.8 -4.82421 Pharmaceutical products 1,957 1,517 1,467 -3.3 -11.72422 Essential oils, perfume & cosmetic products 442 499 476 -4.6 4.52423 Plastics & articles of plastic 619 616 639 3.8 -0.12424 Other chemical & chemical preparations,

elaborately transformed 774 903 1,016 12.5 1.42425 Other semi-manufactures, elaborately transformed 275 294 301 2.6 1.3243 Engineering products 11,570 11,837 12,332 4.2 2.12431 Machinery for specialised industries 3,369 3,166 3,109 -1.8 0.12432 Office & telecommunication equipment & parts 797 966 979 1.4 3.72433 Road motor vehicles & parts 2,422 2,644 2,661 0.6 2.62434 Other transport equipment & parts 1,119 1,215 1,497 23.2 13.12435 Professional, scientific & controlling instruments &

apparatus 1,431 1,594 1,910 19.8 1.22439 Other engineering products nes 2,433 2,251 2,175 -3.4 -0.3244 Other manufactures 2,559 2,758 2,743 -0.5 1.92441 Household equipment 567 589 613 3.9 0.72442 Textiles, clothing & footwear 329 316 345 9.1 0.22449 Other miscellaneous manufactured articles nes 1,663 1,853 1,786 -3.6 2.73 Other goods 20,762 19,103 19,623 2.7 -1.1301 Miscellaneous trade 1,644 1,616 1,525 -5.7 5.13011 Armoured fighting vehicles, arms of war etc & parts,

nes 61 85 92 7.4 -0.73012 Gold coins & other coins that are legal tender 937 855 688 -19.5 7.43019 Miscellaneous merchandise trade nes 646 676 745 10.2 3.8302 Gold 15,291 13,250 13,457 1.6 -0.7303 Unclassified trade & invalid items 0 0 0 .. ..304 Confidential trade 3,827 4,237 4,641 9.5 -3.9

Total Australian produced exports 239,251 263,379 244,194 -7.3 4.1

(a) Excludes commodities subject to a confidentiality restriction.Source: DFAT STARS database.

% growth

(A$ million)

TABLE 24: AUSTRALIAN PRODUCED EXPORTSBY LEVEL OF PROCESSING (cont'd)

- 58 -

- 59 -

Section 5Australia's merchandise commodity

ranking tables

- 60 -

TABLE 25: AUSTRALIA'S MAJOR MERCHANDISE EXPORTSRANK, VALUE AND GROWTH (a) (b)

(A$ million)

% growth

2013-14 to 5 yearRank SITC Commodity 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 % share 2014-15 trend

Total commodities 246,979 272,921 254,625 100.0 -6.7 4.2

1 281 Iron ores & concentrates 57,075 74,671 54,465 21.4 -27.1 8.52 321 Coal 38,640 39,960 37,885 14.9 -5.2 -0.93 343 Natural gas 14,271 16,305 16,904 6.6 3.7 16.84 971 Gold 15,300 13,261 13,512 5.3 1.9 -0.65 011 Beef, f.c.f. 5,052 6,422 9,039 3.6 40.8 15.6

6 333 Crude petroleum 9,712 10,427 8,154 3.2 -21.8 -2.27 285 Aluminium ores & conc (incl alumina) 5,565 6,078 7,106 2.8 16.9 6.58 041 Wheat 6,750 6,084 5,528 2.2 -9.1 7.39 283 Copper ores & concentrates 5,337 5,220 5,274 2.1 1.0 2.3

10 287 Other ores & concentrates (c) 4,291 4,440 4,864 1.9 9.6 2.9

11 684 Aluminium 3,593 3,846 4,165 1.6 8.3 -2.012 012 Meat (excl beef), f.c.f. 2,520 3,356 3,841 1.5 14.5 12.313 682 Copper 3,101 3,712 3,370 1.3 -9.2 3.214 268 Wool & other animal hair (incl tops) 2,473 2,455 2,782 1.1 13.3 3.915 334 Refined petroleum 2,932 2,816 2,511 1.0 -10.8 0.8

16 112 Alcoholic beverages 2,000 2,016 2,187 0.9 8.5 -1.217 781 Passenger motor vehicles 1,706 1,936 1,990 0.8 2.8 3.518 542 Medicaments (incl veterinary) 3,416 2,861 1,913 0.8 -33.1 -10.419 043 Barley 1,267 1,831 1,758 0.7 -4.0 19.520 001 Live animals (excl seafood) 957 1,370 1,758 0.7 28.3 7.6

21 792 Aircraft, spacecraft & parts 1,163 1,641 1,686 0.7 2.7 17.822 263 Cotton 2,696 2,356 1,547 0.6 -34.3 16.023 061 Sugars, molasses & honey 1,541 1,489 1,509 0.6 1.4 -4.324 222 Oil-seeds & oleaginous fruits, soft 2,320 2,110 1,433 0.6 -32.1 21.225 022 Milk, cream, whey & yoghurt 1,161 1,638 1,411 0.6 -13.8 6.9

26 289 Precious metal ores & conc (excl gold) 1,275 1,092 1,404 0.6 28.5 14.027 764 Telecom equipment & parts 961 1,173 1,360 0.5 16.0 10.528 057 Fruit & nuts 843 1,190 1,353 0.5 13.7 21.129 872 Medical instruments (incl veterinary) 904 1,098 1,353 0.5 23.2 5.730 054 Vegetables, f.c.f. 1,208 1,076 1,236 0.5 14.8 10.7

31 098 Edible products & preparations, nes 899 978 1,214 0.5 24.1 12.932 081 Animal feed 1,304 1,133 1,208 0.5 6.6 3.233 211 Hides & skins, raw (excl furskins) 877 1,065 1,043 0.4 -2.0 11.234 288 Non-ferrous waste & scrap 1,003 1,007 1,036 0.4 2.9 5.735 036 Crustaceans, f.c.f. 692 870 983 0.4 13.0 8.8

36 874 Measuring & analysing instruments 806 808 964 0.4 19.3 -1.137 246 Wood in chips or particles 612 770 955 0.4 24.1 -0.338 723 Civil engineering equipment & parts 1,031 820 905 0.4 10.3 1.439 685 Lead 883 911 901 0.4 -1.1 2.240 686 Zinc 817 935 897 0.4 -4.1 -1.4

(a) Recorded trade basis. (b) Excludes confidential items of trade. (c) Mainly Zinc , Manganese and Lead ores & concentrates .

- 61 -

TABLE 25: AUSTRALIA'S MAJOR MERCHANDISE EXPORTSRANK, VALUE AND GROWTH (a) (b) (cont'd)

(A$ million)

% growth

2013-14 to 5 yearRank SITC Commodity 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 % share 2014-15 trend

41 284 Nickel ores & concentrates 1,311 883 875 0.3 -1.0 -0.442 282 Ferrous waste & scrap 848 972 863 0.3 -11.2 6.343 641 Paper & paperboard 699 830 856 0.3 3.1 8.144 024 Cheese & curd 784 765 823 0.3 7.5 2.645 899 Misc manufactured articles, nes 662 761 818 0.3 7.5 10.2

46 342 Liquefied propane & butane 1,088 1,265 811 0.3 -35.9 -2.647 533 Pigments, paints & varnishes 593 713 796 0.3 11.6 2.748 667 Pearls & gems 616 806 775 0.3 -3.7 2.049 784 Vehicle parts & accessories 717 740 757 0.3 2.3 3.750 522 Inorganic chemical elements 696 789 750 0.3 -5.0 11.2

51 728 Specialised machinery & parts 771 763 735 0.3 -3.7 -0.152 048 Cereal preparations 678 705 730 0.3 3.4 0.553 759 Computer parts & accessories 549 624 707 0.3 13.2 2.654 951 Gold coin & legal tender coin 936 858 685 0.3 -20.2 7.455 752 Computers 388 555 589 0.2 6.1 13.8

56 541 Pharm products (excl medicaments) 471 502 583 0.2 16.2 6.457 793 Ships & boats (incl hovercraft) 207 266 575 0.2 116.6 6.458 683 Nickel 679 706 545 0.2 -22.8 -1.759 592 Starches, inulin & wheat gluten 504 580 532 0.2 -8.2 1.460 553 Perfumery & cosmetics (excl soap) 415 479 474 0.2 -1.0 5.2

61 772 Electrical circuits equipment 511 477 473 0.2 -0.8 -0.362 778 Electrical machinery & parts, nes 413 451 447 0.2 -0.9 0.763 713 Internal combustion piston engines 485 403 438 0.2 8.6 -1.564 744 Mechanical handling equip & parts 337 405 437 0.2 7.9 10.165 411 Animal oils & fats 373 417 415 0.2 -0.3 7.1

66 042 Rice 363 391 403 0.2 3.0 59.267 045 Other cereals 133 232 399 0.2 72.2 44.668 699 Manufactures of base metal, nes 420 384 399 0.2 4.0 -5.469 897 Jewellery 375 492 393 0.2 -20.0 6.070 278 Crude minerals, nes 223 243 384 0.2 58.4 11.0

71 673 Uncoated flat-rolled iron & steel 303 170 356 0.1 109.4 -22.072 894 Prams, toys, games & sporting goods 226 236 320 0.1 35.5 1.473 247 Wood, rough 155 292 313 0.1 7.0 15.974 751 Office machines 180 262 309 0.1 17.9 11.875 742 Pumps for liquids & parts 347 311 309 0.1 -0.7 -0.1

76 562 Fertilisers (excl crude) 289 164 307 0.1 87.9 -8.577 893 Plastic articles, nes 292 284 297 0.1 4.6 0.378 743 Pumps (excl liquid pumps) & parts 279 259 294 0.1 13.2 -1.279 747 Taps, cocks & valves 213 246 260 0.1 6.1 7.180 034 Fish, f.c.f. 246 208 259 0.1 24.7 -1.3

(a) Recorded trade basis. (b) Excludes confidential items of trade.Based on ABS trade data on the DFAT STARS database (ABS catalogue 5368.0).

- 62 -

TABLE 26: AUSTRALIA'S MAJOR MERCHANDISE IMPORTSRANK, VALUE AND GROWTH (a) (b)

(A$ million)

% growth

2013-14 to 5 yearRank SITC Commodity 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 % share 2014-15 trend

Total commodities 236,243 252,200 256,456 100.0 1.7 4.8

1 781 Passenger motor vehicles 17,330 17,834 18,708 7.3 4.9 5.42 334 Refined petroleum 16,844 19,203 18,074 7.0 -5.9 13.13 333 Crude petroleum 20,187 21,590 14,704 5.7 -31.9 0.84 764 Telecom equipment & parts 8,921 9,069 11,044 4.3 21.8 8.25 752 Computers 6,650 7,108 8,046 3.1 13.2 4.8

6 542 Medicaments (incl veterinary) 8,021 7,673 7,076 2.8 -7.8 -1.67 782 Goods vehicles 7,698 6,055 6,123 2.4 1.1 1.38 741 Heating & cooling equipment & parts 2,596 3,950 4,241 1.7 7.4 16.09 821 Furniture, mattresses & cushions 2,929 3,436 3,932 1.5 14.4 8.7

10 971 Gold 5,169 4,767 3,772 1.5 -20.9 -11.5

11 723 Civil engineering equipment & parts 4,639 2,877 3,740 1.5 30.0 2.112 874 Measuring & analysing instruments 2,741 3,012 3,316 1.3 10.1 5.113 778 Electrical machinery & parts, nes 2,567 2,883 3,186 1.2 10.5 6.314 743 Pumps (excl liquid pumps) & parts 2,952 3,687 3,157 1.2 -14.4 7.515 679 Tubes & pipes of iron or steel 2,002 2,260 3,055 1.2 35.2 20.2

16 893 Plastic articles, nes 2,189 2,603 2,893 1.1 11.1 8.717 691 Iron, steel, aluminium structures 2,356 2,409 2,891 1.1 20.0 33.418 894 Prams, toys, games & sporting goods 2,301 2,649 2,880 1.1 8.7 2.119 784 Vehicle parts & accessories 2,842 2,835 2,839 1.1 0.1 3.320 775 Household-type equipment, nes 2,318 2,620 2,824 1.1 7.8 7.3

21 541 Pharm products (excl medicaments) 2,384 2,385 2,718 1.1 14.0 9.522 744 Mechanical handling equip & parts 2,514 2,724 2,633 1.0 -3.4 12.623 872 Medical instruments (incl veterinary) 1,963 2,279 2,611 1.0 14.5 7.224 699 Manufactures of base metal, nes 2,045 2,426 2,558 1.0 5.4 6.825 625 Rubber tyres, treads & tubes 2,974 2,626 2,505 1.0 -4.6 3.7

26 845 Other textile clothing 1,916 2,306 2,501 1.0 8.4 8.727 728 Specialised machinery & parts 2,139 2,078 2,491 1.0 19.9 6.028 098 Edible products & preparations, nes 1,908 2,113 2,366 0.9 12.0 9.329 899 Misc manufactured articles, nes 1,779 2,063 2,237 0.9 8.4 7.630 761 Monitors, projectors & TVs 1,872 1,880 2,055 0.8 9.3 -8.6

31 751 Office machines 1,725 1,975 2,000 0.8 1.2 -0.132 851 Footwear 1,498 1,729 1,958 0.8 13.3 9.033 772 Electrical circuits equipment 1,719 1,843 1,914 0.7 3.8 4.034 747 Taps, cocks & valves 1,456 1,836 1,879 0.7 2.3 12.835 562 Fertilisers (excl crude) 1,575 1,677 1,868 0.7 11.4 9.8

36 112 Alcoholic beverages 1,491 1,699 1,743 0.7 2.6 8.037 842 Women's clothing (excl knitted) 1,395 1,643 1,740 0.7 5.9 9.338 641 Paper & paperboard 1,746 1,753 1,737 0.7 -0.9 -2.239 553 Perfumery & cosmetics (excl soap) 1,311 1,560 1,668 0.7 7.0 6.240 773 Electrical distributing equipment 1,501 1,442 1,581 0.6 9.6 11.1

(a) Recorded trade basis. (b) Excludes confidential items of trade.

- 63 -

TABLE 26: AUSTRALIA'S MAJOR MERCHANDISE IMPORTSRANK, VALUE AND GROWTH (a) (b) (cont'd)

(A$ million)

% growth

2013-14 to 5 yearRank SITC Commodity 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 % share 2014-15 trend

41 658 Made-up textile articles, nes 1,130 1,331 1,502 0.6 12.8 10.042 713 Internal combustion piston engines 1,436 1,522 1,472 0.6 -3.3 2.643 776 Electronic integrated circuits 1,215 1,184 1,443 0.6 21.9 -5.844 582 Plastic plates, sheets & film 1,103 1,281 1,377 0.5 7.5 5.145 714 Non-electric engines & motors 975 1,198 1,343 0.5 12.1 -3.0

46 682 Copper 1,315 1,264 1,303 0.5 3.1 4.447 745 Non-electrical machinery & parts 1,107 1,304 1,294 0.5 -0.8 4.748 598 Miscellaneous chemical products, nes 913 1,186 1,293 0.5 9.0 8.949 831 Travel goods, bags & like containers 974 1,117 1,288 0.5 15.3 11.850 897 Jewellery 1,017 1,208 1,267 0.5 4.9 4.3

51 841 Men's clothing (excl knitted) 979 1,138 1,263 0.5 11.0 9.052 642 Paper & paperboard, cut to size 917 1,086 1,218 0.5 12.2 9.453 813 Lighting fixtures & fittings 817 1,007 1,203 .. .. ..54 716 Rotating electric plant & parts 1,680 1,574 1,129 0.4 -28.3 3.255 785 Motorcycles & cycles 1,038 1,139 1,121 0.4 -1.6 3.4

56 771 Electric power machinery & parts 1,067 1,027 1,117 0.4 8.8 0.757 791 Railway vehicles (incl hovertrains) 1,191 1,473 1,109 0.4 -24.7 13.058 742 Pumps for liquids & parts 883 1,135 1,078 0.4 -5.0 7.159 522 Inorganic chemical elements 1,227 1,031 1,059 0.4 2.8 7.860 892 Printed matter 958 1,038 1,057 0.4 1.9 0.5

61 515 Organo-inorganic compounds 1,208 1,014 1,024 0.4 0.9 -13.262 721 Agric machinery (excl tractors) & parts 963 935 1,021 0.4 9.2 2.463 684 Aluminium 724 847 1,010 0.4 19.3 2.764 898 Musical instruments & parts 928 988 997 0.4 1.0 -3.465 793 Ships & boats (incl hovercraft) 1,860 1,433 968 0.4 -32.5 2.0

66 048 Cereal preparations 727 879 933 0.4 6.1 12.267 884 Optical goods, nes 709 803 928 0.4 15.6 9.068 748 Transmission shafts & parts 846 822 878 0.3 6.8 0.669 248 Wood, simply worked 601 694 862 0.3 24.3 5.370 057 Fruit & nuts 581 743 861 0.3 15.8 10.3

71 081 Animal feed 688 759 860 0.3 13.4 8.972 844 Women's clothing, knitted 663 797 853 0.3 7.1 11.573 697 Household equip of base metal, nes 728 785 850 0.3 8.3 6.474 695 Hand or machine tools 751 773 832 0.3 7.6 4.375 786 Trailers, semi-trailers & containers 756 885 825 0.3 -6.8 12.9

76 122 Tobacco, manufactured 348 636 801 0.3 26.0 44.077 774 Medical electrodiagnostic apparatus 660 723 801 0.3 10.9 4.678 591 Insecticides, herbicides, disinfectants 617 825 800 0.3 -3.0 11.379 575 Other primary plastics 582 712 775 0.3 8.8 6.980 885 Watches & clocks 471 586 743 0.3 26.8 14.6

(a) Recorded trade basis. (b) Excludes confidential items of trade. Based on ABS trade data on the DFAT STARS database (ABS catalogue 5368.0).

- 64 -

- 65 -

Section 6Direction of Australia's

ranking tablesmerchandise trade

- 66 -

Exports Imports Balance (b) Total

Country (c) A$'000 %share A$'000 %

share A$'000 A$'000 %share Rank

World 254,625,071 100.0 256,456,129 100.0 -1,831,057 511,081,200 100.0China 81,464,148 32.0 57,103,531 22.3 24,360,617 138,567,678 27.1 1Japan 44,502,677 17.5 18,300,975 7.1 26,201,702 62,803,653 12.3 2United States 13,378,068 5.3 30,396,754 11.9 -17,018,685 43,774,822 8.6 3Republic of Korea 18,818,675 7.4 13,638,379 5.3 5,180,296 32,457,055 6.4 4Singapore 8,262,482 3.2 10,812,757 4.2 -2,550,275 19,075,239 3.7 5

Thailand 5,010,587 2.0 12,135,002 4.7 -7,124,415 17,145,588 3.4 6Malaysia 6,054,013 2.4 10,386,430 4.0 -4,332,417 16,440,443 3.2 7New Zealand 8,299,264 3.3 7,777,010 3.0 522,254 16,076,275 3.1 8Germany 1,618,300 0.6 11,958,259 4.7 -10,339,959 13,576,560 2.7 9India 9,759,749 3.8 3,804,798 1.5 5,954,951 13,564,546 2.7 10

Taiwan 6,882,726 2.7 4,854,129 1.9 2,028,598 11,736,855 2.3 11Indonesia 5,628,376 2.2 5,340,442 2.1 287,934 10,968,819 2.1 12United Kingdom 3,686,092 1.4 6,332,933 2.5 -2,646,841 10,019,025 2.0 13Vietnam 3,273,510 1.3 4,894,025 1.9 -1,620,515 8,167,535 1.6 14Italy 715,265 0.3 5,983,323 2.3 -5,268,058 6,698,587 1.3 15

United Arab Emirates 3,326,489 1.3 3,117,516 1.2 208,973 6,444,004 1.3 16France 1,089,791 0.4 4,601,197 1.8 -3,511,407 5,690,988 1.1 17Papua New Guinea 2,002,802 0.8 3,402,129 1.3 -1,399,327 5,404,931 1.1 18Netherlands 2,362,492 0.9 2,043,990 0.8 318,502 4,406,483 0.9 19Hong Kong (SAR of China) 3,051,367 1.2 1,231,569 0.5 1,819,798 4,282,937 0.8 20

Canada 1,406,144 0.6 2,264,840 0.9 -858,696 3,670,984 0.7 21Switzerland 466,742 0.2 3,006,508 1.2 -2,539,766 3,473,249 0.7 22Belgium 1,111,722 0.4 1,663,013 0.6 -551,291 2,774,734 0.5 23Mexico 472,330 0.2 2,256,860 0.9 -1,784,529 2,729,190 0.5 24Spain 597,950 0.2 2,008,703 0.8 -1,410,752 2,606,653 0.5 25

Philippines 1,653,954 0.6 937,360 0.4 716,594 2,591,314 0.5 26Saudi Arabia 2,109,770 0.8 385,930 0.2 1,723,839 2,495,700 0.5 27South Africa 1,303,770 0.5 1,086,854 0.4 216,916 2,390,624 0.5 28Sweden 260,476 0.1 1,924,270 0.8 -1,663,793 2,184,746 0.4 29Ireland 54,960 0.0 1,822,865 0.7 -1,767,906 1,877,825 0.4 30

Brazil 1,226,101 0.5 613,458 0.2 612,643 1,839,560 0.4 31Bangladesh 708,032 0.3 674,095 0.3 33,937 1,382,127 0.3 32Turkey 473,753 0.2 821,397 0.3 -347,644 1,295,150 0.3 33Russian Federation 509,812 0.2 738,317 0.3 -228,505 1,248,128 0.2 34Denmark 116,353 0.0 1,090,577 0.4 -974,224 1,206,930 0.2 35

Qatar 590,696 0.2 611,332 0.2 -20,636 1,202,028 0.2 36Chile 268,331 0.1 907,480 0.4 -639,149 1,175,811 0.2 37Austria 76,526 0.0 1,062,545 0.4 -986,019 1,139,071 0.2 38Poland 300,177 0.1 764,658 0.3 -464,481 1,064,835 0.2 39Israel 237,751 0.1 789,536 0.3 -551,785 1,027,286 0.2 40

Argentina 223,373 0.1 781,072 0.3 -557,699 1,004,445 0.2 41Gabon 5,717 0.0 998,645 0.4 -992,927 1,004,362 0.2 42Bahrain 883,690 0.3 91,503 0.0 792,187 975,193 0.2 43Brunei 46,056 0.0 769,911 0.3 -723,855 815,967 0.2 44Czech Republic 139,438 0.1 665,357 0.3 -525,919 804,795 0.2 45

(a) Recorded trade basis. (b) Balance on merchandise trade. (c) May exclude selected confidential export/import commodities. Refer toAppendix G - DFAT adjustments to official ABS trade data - for more information and a list of the commodities excluded.

TABLE 27: AUSTRALIA'S MERCHANDISE TRADE BY COUNTRY (a), 2014-15

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TABLE 27: AUSTRALIA'S MERCHANDISE TRADE BY COUNTRY (a) (b), 2014-15 (cont'd)

Exports Imports Balance (b) Total

Country (c) A$'000 %share A$'000 %

share A$'000 A$'000 %share Rank

Finland 35,768 0.0 733,941 0.3 -698,173 769,709 0.2 46Nigeria 207,511 0.1 531,684 0.2 -324,173 739,195 0.1 47Kuwait 710,755 0.3 1,172 0.0 709,583 711,927 0.1 48Pakistan 454,778 0.2 239,008 0.1 215,771 693,786 0.1 49New Caledonia 352,402 0.1 216,414 0.1 135,988 568,816 0.1 50

Egypt 512,177 0.2 32,691 0.0 479,486 544,867 0.1 51Oman 456,366 0.2 86,550 0.0 369,816 542,916 0.1 52Norway 171,227 0.1 371,437 0.1 -200,210 542,664 0.1 53Hungary 24,395 0.0 490,830 0.2 -466,435 515,224 0.1 54Fiji 331,045 0.1 175,036 0.1 156,009 506,081 0.1 55

Sri Lanka 294,666 0.1 191,623 0.1 103,043 486,289 0.1 56Mozambique 451,050 0.2 1,308 0.0 449,742 452,358 0.1 57Slovak Republic 2,406 0.0 382,412 0.1 -380,005 384,818 0.1 58Yemen 339,667 0.1 207 0.0 339,461 339,874 0.1 59Puerto Rico 2,217 0.0 329,293 0.1 -327,076 331,509 0.1 60

Peru 87,590 0.0 166,020 0.1 -78,430 253,610 - 61Jordan 210,019 0.1 35,643 0.0 174,376 245,662 - 62Greece 12,691 0.0 203,878 0.1 -191,187 216,569 - 63Bulgaria 150,994 0.1 55,423 0.0 95,570 206,417 - 64Ghana 59,435 0.0 137,516 0.1 -78,081 196,951 - 65

Republic of Congo 5,644 0.0 184,366 0.1 -178,723 190,010 - 66Portugal 17,159 0.0 163,866 0.1 -146,707 181,025 - 67Cambodia 42,738 0.0 131,992 0.1 -89,254 174,730 - 68Burma 125,254 0.0 48,064 - 77,190 173,318 - 69Romania 58,089 0.0 114,460 - -56,371 172,548 - 70

Ukraine 132,169 0.1 32,011 - 100,157 164,180 - 71Solomon Islands 146,914 0.1 13,398 - 133,517 160,312 - 72Iran 114,667 - 34,471 - 80,196 149,138 - 73Tanzania 103,969 - 32,500 - 71,469 136,468 - 74Slovenia 11,655 - 116,637 - -104,981 128,292 - 75

Mauritius 106,250 - 18,087 - 88,163 124,337 - 76Costa Rica 3,463 - 115,472 - -112,009 118,935 - 77Colombia 33,279 - 74,422 - -41,143 107,701 - 78Sudan 104,494 - 216 - 104,278 104,711 - 79Kenya 63,061 - 38,579 - 24,483 101,640 - 80

Vanuatu 77,874 - 2,225 - 75,648 80,099 - 81Iraq 74,432 - 323 - 74,109 74,755 - 82Nauru 64,747 - 5,776 - 58,970 70,523 - 83Honduras 1,190 - 67,483 - -66,293 68,673 - 84Macau (SAR of China) 47,987 - 20,127 - 27,859 68,114 - 85

Morocco 33,466 - 34,202 - -736 67,667 - 86Lebanon 44,631 - 15,932 - 28,699 60,563 - 87Samoa 29,406 - 30,786 - -1,380 60,192 - 88Panama 48,061 - 9,596 - 38,465 57,658 - 89Estonia 5,074 - 46,371 - -41,296 51,445 - 90

(a) Recorded trade basis. (b) Balance on merchandise trade. (c) May exclude selected confidential export/import commodities. Refer toAppendix G - DFAT adjustments to official ABS trade data - for more information and a list of the commodities excluded.

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TABLE 27: AUSTRALIA'S MERCHANDISE TRADE BY COUNTRY (a) (b), 2014-15 (cont'd)

Exports Imports Balance (b) Total

Country (c) A$'000 %share A$'000 %

share A$'000 A$'000 %share Rank

French Polynesia 46,905 - 2,653 - 44,252 49,557 - 91Angola 11,239 - 37,565 - -26,326 48,805 - 92Lithuania 7,795 - 40,640 - -32,844 48,435 - 93El Salvador 23,697 - 22,384 - 1,314 46,081 - 94Ecuador 17,530 - 26,354 - -8,824 43,884 - 95

Dominican Republic 8,423 - 33,146 - -24,723 41,569 - 96Uruguay 11,340 - 29,862 - -18,522 41,202 - 97Guatemala 12,159 - 28,284 - -16,124 40,443 - 98Cote d'Ivoire 12,286 - 27,543 - -15,257 39,829 - 99Timor-Leste 34,507 - 2,679 - 31,829 37,186 - 100

Mali 15,445 - 21,719 - -6,274 37,164 - 101Maldives 35,494 - 801 - 34,693 36,295 - 102Trinidad & Tobago 25,494 - 9,524 - 15,970 35,018 - 103Laos 31,012 - 3,803 - 27,209 34,815 - 104Nepal 25,617 - 7,051 - 18,566 32,669 - 105

Tunisia 7,438 - 25,217 - -17,779 32,655 - 106Christmas Island 29,919 - 2,649 - 27,270 32,567 - 107Venezuela 29,834 - 2,033 - 27,801 31,866 - 108Serbia 2,266 - 28,407 - -26,141 30,673 - 109Malta 4,865 - 25,545 - -20,680 30,409 - 110

Zambia 24,431 - 3,217 - 21,214 27,648 - 111Croatia 2,781 - 24,763 - -21,982 27,545 - 112Jamaica 25,019 - 1,758 - 23,261 26,777 - 113Ethiopia 3,721 - 22,697 - -18,976 26,418 - 114Equatorial Guinea 5,837 - 20,534 - -14,698 26,371 - 115

Luxembourg 6,745 - 19,545 - -12,801 26,290 - 116Latvia 8,428 - 17,015 - -8,587 25,443 - 117Iceland 2,471 - 22,538 - -20,067 25,009 - 118Cyprus 2,099 - 22,717 - -20,618 24,816 - 119Bolivia 1,062 - 23,703 - -22,641 24,765 - 120

Namibia 14,063 - 9,236 - 4,827 23,299 - 121Kiribati 22,912 - 170 - 22,742 23,083 - 122Kazakhstan 18,334 - 3,200 - 15,133 21,534 - 123American Samoa 7,714 - 13,288 - -5,574 21,002 - 124Nicaragua 3,695 - 16,643 - -12,947 20,338 - 125

Togo 2,500 - 16,487 - -13,987 18,987 - 126Madagascar 12,065 - 4,997 - 7,068 17,061 - 127Senegal 16,048 - 609 - 15,439 16,657 - 128Guam 12,172 - 3,196 - 8,976 15,368 - 129Libya 15,078 - 65 - 15,013 15,144 - 130

Cuba 3,939 - 10,228 - -6,288 14,167 - 131Tonga 11,522 - 1,592 - 9,930 13,114 - 132Uganda 10,707 - 2,233 - 8,474 12,939 - 133Azerbaijan 12,651 - 143 - 12,507 12,794 - 134Dem. Republic of the Congo 12,464 - 255 - 12,209 12,719 - 135

(a) Recorded trade basis. (b) Balance on merchandise trade. (c) May exclude selected confidential export/import commodities. Refer toAppendix G - DFAT adjustments to official ABS trade data - for more information and a list of the commodities excluded.

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TABLE 27: AUSTRALIA'S MERCHANDISE TRADE BY COUNTRY (a) (b), 2014-15 (cont'd)

Exports Imports Balance (b) Total

Country (c) A$'000 %share A$'000 %

share A$'000 A$'000 %share Rank

Burkina Faso 12,394 - 44 - 12,350 12,439 - 136Georgia 7,009 - 3,408 - 3,601 10,418 - 137Bahamas 4,130 - 6,176 - -2,045 10,306 - 138Cook Islands 9,532 - 565 - 8,967 10,097 - 139Guyana 9,576 - 348 - 9,228 9,924 - 140

Malawi 9,701 - 150 - 9,551 9,851 - 141Seychelles 6,236 - 3,531 - 2,705 9,766 - 142UK Virgin Islands 281 - 9,172 - -8,891 9,453 - 143Mongolia 9,010 - 323 - 8,687 9,333 - 144Algeria 8,515 - 41 - 8,474 8,556 - 145

Afghanistan 6,519 - 1,925 - 4,594 8,444 - 146Norfolk Island 8,053 - 41 - 8,012 8,094 - 147Bosnia-Herzegovina 622 - 7,401 - -6,779 8,023 - 148FYR Macedonia 366 - 7,570 - -7,204 7,936 - 149Antarctica 7,590 - 2 - 7,588 7,592 - 150

Sierra Leone 3,696 - 2,823 - 873 6,519 - 151Federated States of Micronesia 6,437 - 33 - 6,404 6,471 - 152Cocos Keeling Islands 6,065 - 287 - 5,778 6,352 - 153Liberia 5,813 - 23 - 5,790 5,836 - 154Mauritania 5,528 - 49 - 5,479 5,577 - 155

Botswana 5,522 - 43 - 5,479 5,565 - 156Bermuda 728 - 4,835 - -4,107 5,563 - 157Tuvalu 5,177 - 288 - 4,890 5,465 - 158Barbados 3,353 - 2,057 - 1,296 5,410 - 159Reunion 5,244 - 161 - 5,082 5,405 - 160

Eritrea 5,275 - 7 - 5,268 5,282 - 161Uzbekistan 2,697 - 1,635 - 1,063 4,332 - 162Marshall Islands 3,618 - 611 - 3,007 4,230 - 163Wallis & Futuna Island 4,180 - 0 - 4,180 4,180 - 164Belarus 397 - 3,642 - -3,245 4,038 - 165

Rwanda 2,510 - 1,252 - 1,258 3,762 - 166Syria 2,180 - 1,207 - 973 3,387 - 167Cameroon 2,608 - 702 - 1,906 3,310 - 168Guinea 2,840 - 280 - 2,560 3,120 - 169Suriname 2,668 - 356 - 2,311 3,024 - 170

Albania 2,133 - 882 - 1,251 3,015 - 171Lesotho 0 - 2,902 - -2,902 2,902 - 172Djibouti 2,372 - 482 - 1,890 2,854 - 173Gibraltar 2,811 - 25 - 2,786 2,836 - 174Paraguay 876 - 1,951 - -1,075 2,827 - 175

Belize 550 - 2,229 - -1,678 2,779 - 176Kyrgyzstan 2,377 - 252 - 2,125 2,629 - 177French Antilles 1,820 - 782 - 1,038 2,602 - 178Turkmenistan 1,151 - 1,234 - -83 2,384 - 179Falkland Islands 2,272 - 95 - 2,177 2,368 - 180

(a) Recorded trade basis. (b) Balance on merchandise trade. (c) May exclude selected confidential export/import commodities. Refer toAppendix G - DFAT adjustments to official ABS trade data - for more information and a list of the commodities excluded.

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TABLE 27: AUSTRALIA'S MERCHANDISE TRADE BY COUNTRY (a) (b), 2014-15 (cont'd)

Exports Imports Balance (b) Total

Country (c) A$'000 %share A$'000 %

share A$'000 A$'000 %share Rank

Swaziland 273 - 2,091 - -1,818 2,364 - 181Chad 1,886 - 108 - 1,778 1,994 - 182Haiti 130 - 1,808 - -1,678 1,938 - 183Central African Republic 1,752 - 183 - 1,569 1,935 - 184Netherlands Antilles 1,021 - 793 - 227 1,814 - 185

Niger 602 - 1,135 - -532 1,737 - 186Northern Mariana Islands 1,693 - 4 - 1,689 1,697 - 187Benin 1,650 - 32 - 1,617 1,682 - 188Zimbabwe 1,286 - 379 - 907 1,665 - 189Palau 1,608 - 10 - 1,598 1,618 - 190

Burundi 866 - 708 - 158 1,574 - 191Moldova 119 - 1,420 - -1,302 1,539 - 192Armenia 1,058 - 270 - 788 1,328 - 193Antigua & Barbuda 345 - 871 - -525 1,216 - 194Cayman Islands 318 - 753 - -435 1,071 - 195

St Kitts & Nevis 631 - 120 - 511 751 - 196St Helena 98 - 566 - -467 664 - 197St Lucia 593 - 63 - 530 656 - 198Dominica 204 - 291 - -87 495 - 199US Virgin Islands 249 - 182 - 67 431 - 200

Bhutan 148 - 229 - -81 377 - 201Grenada 217 - 155 - 62 372 - 202Comoros 327 - 31 - 296 357 - 203Sao Tome & Principe 0 - 344 - -344 344 - 204South Sudan 301 - 17 - 284 318 - 205

Somalia 239 - 31 - 208 270 - 206Montenegro 25 - 243 - -218 268 - 207Pitcairn Islands 194 - 10 - 184 204 - 208Turks & Caicos Islands 28 - 169 - -140 197 - 209Cabo Verde 8 - 156 - -148 164 - 210

French Guiana 133 - 1 - 132 134 - 211Niue 115 - 7 - 109 122 - 212St Vincent & Grenadines 101 - 0 - 101 101 - 213Anguilla 7 - 88 - -81 95 - 214Gambia 34 - 50 - -16 84 - 215

Tajikistan 54 - 3 - 50 57 - 216Montserrat 0 - 48 - -48 48 - 217French Southern Territories 0 - 5 - -5 5 - 218Western Sahara 4 - 0 - 4 4 - 219US Minor Outlying Islands 0 - 3 - -3 3 - 220

British Indian Ocean Territory 0 - 2 - -2 2 - 221

Other (d) 2,969,274 1.2 3,146,559 1.2 -177,285 6,115,832 1.2

(a) Recorded trade basis. (b) Balance on merchandise trade. (c) May exclude selected confidential export/import commodities. Refer toAppendix G - DFAT adjustments to official ABS trade data - for more information and a list of the commodities excluded. (d) Includesdestination unknown, ships' stores, international waters and confidential items of trade.Based on ABS trade data on the DFAT STARS database (ABS catalogue 5368.0) and unpublished ABS data.

- 71 -

2013-14 to 5 yearCountry (b) 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 Rank 2014-15 trend

World 246,979,477 272,921,412 254,625,071 -6.7 4.2

China 78,000,373 100,020,709 81,464,148 1 -18.6 12.5Japan 46,522,459 49,026,119 44,502,677 2 -9.2 2.7Republic of Korea 19,141,573 20,896,692 18,818,675 3 -9.9 0.8United States 9,081,677 10,626,086 13,378,068 4 25.9 6.1India 11,416,344 8,354,364 9,759,749 5 16.8 -12.2

New Zealand 7,315,274 7,662,815 8,299,264 6 8.3 0.3Singapore 6,411,034 7,368,383 8,262,482 7 12.1 10.0Taiwan 7,560,552 7,400,645 6,882,726 8 -7.0 -2.1Malaysia 5,194,530 5,471,755 6,054,013 9 10.6 12.8Indonesia 4,881,496 5,619,319 5,628,376 10 0.2 5.0

Thailand 4,960,083 4,759,337 5,010,587 11 5.3 -2.7United Kingdom 5,527,411 3,686,474 3,686,092 12 -0.0 -14.5United Arab Emirates 2,322,170 2,739,480 3,326,489 13 21.4 9.9Vietnam 1,808,862 2,750,186 3,273,510 14 19.0 16.6Hong Kong (SAR of China) 2,452,463 2,806,883 3,051,367 15 8.7 -0.0

Netherlands 2,484,819 2,179,927 2,362,492 16 8.4 -1.8Saudi Arabia 1,974,714 2,243,869 2,109,770 17 -6.0 8.8Papua New Guinea 2,757,312 2,442,836 2,002,802 18 -18.0 1.4Philippines 1,680,773 1,551,120 1,653,954 19 6.6 6.8Germany 1,986,339 1,814,384 1,618,300 20 -10.8 -1.8

Canada 1,569,733 1,231,594 1,406,144 21 14.2 0.4South Africa 1,384,721 1,277,505 1,303,770 22 2.1 -6.7Brazil 740,122 814,503 1,226,101 23 50.5 -7.4Belgium 1,435,665 1,194,881 1,111,722 24 -7.0 -0.9France 1,189,929 1,185,515 1,089,791 25 -8.1 0.2

Bahrain (c) 353,841 706,794 883,690 26 25.0 46.8Italy 718,073 686,007 715,265 27 4.3 -10.1Kuwait 489,946 567,899 710,755 28 25.2 3.2Bangladesh 572,509 461,484 708,032 29 53.4 5.6Spain 464,587 466,251 597,950 30 28.2 -4.1

Qatar 505,077 491,026 590,696 31 20.3 17.6Egypt (c) 512,850 445,621 512,177 32 14.9 0.6Russian Federation 680,804 713,185 509,812 33 -28.5 -7.4Turkey 805,449 713,544 473,753 34 -33.6 11.9Mexico 623,093 461,648 472,330 35 2.3 -12.6

Switzerland 670,129 832,710 466,742 36 -43.9 14.4Oman 365,831 383,287 456,366 37 19.1 -0.5Pakistan 631,923 399,758 454,778 38 13.8 -3.2Mozambique 392,370 378,233 451,050 39 19.3 4.2New Caledonia 283,272 289,223 352,402 40 21.8 -2.1

Yemen 273,291 399,595 339,667 41 -15.0 13.0Fiji 304,685 308,133 331,045 42 7.4 1.4Poland 111,466 253,641 300,177 43 18.3 84.1Sri Lanka 202,724 218,271 294,666 44 35.0 5.9Chile 351,434 355,372 268,331 45 -24.5 1.3

(a) Recorded trade basis. (b) May exclude selected confidential export commodities. Refer to Appendix G - DFAT adjustmentsto official ABS trade data - for more information and a list of the commodities excluded. (c) Excludes exports of alumina up to December 2012.

TABLE 28: AUSTRALIA'S MERCHANDISE EXPORT MARKETS (a)(A$'000)

% growth

- 72 -

2013-14 to 5 yearCountry (b) 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 Rank 2014-15 trend

Sweden 259,978 298,288 260,476 46 -12.7 -12.2Israel 226,120 242,678 237,751 47 -2.0 4.6Argentina 236,673 132,156 223,373 48 69.0 -12.3Jordan 187,815 198,593 210,019 49 5.8 5.7Nigeria 100,289 214,098 207,511 50 -3.1 40.6

Norway 115,887 103,748 171,227 51 65.0 8.3Bulgaria 152,909 104,702 150,994 52 44.2 100.4Solomon Islands 136,959 144,943 146,914 53 1.4 9.1Czech Republic 97,887 117,598 139,438 54 18.6 12.2Ukraine 41,707 93,003 132,169 55 42.1 -0.7

Burma 89,176 140,052 125,254 56 -10.6 15.7Denmark 191,519 100,538 116,353 57 15.7 -9.3Iran 556,898 302,163 114,667 58 -62.1 4.9Mauritius 89,798 105,129 106,250 59 1.1 1.6Sudan 232,726 275,061 104,494 60 -62.0 ..

Tanzania 118,913 82,837 103,969 61 25.5 -0.3Peru 107,129 93,538 87,590 62 -6.4 -0.8Vanuatu 65,595 74,081 77,874 63 5.1 1.9Austria 88,631 85,338 76,526 64 -10.3 -5.3Iraq 593,065 328,972 74,432 65 -77.4 -9.8

Nauru 60,481 144,062 64,747 66 -55.1 53.0Kenya 113,804 80,840 63,061 67 -22.0 18.7Ghana 162,602 75,645 59,435 68 -21.4 -15.9Romania 21,176 47,571 58,089 69 22.1 31.2Ireland 73,546 62,334 54,960 70 -11.8 -16.0

Panama 56,554 47,846 48,061 71 0.5 35.1Macau (SAR of China) 31,577 33,771 47,987 72 42.1 0.2French Polynesia 48,724 47,235 46,905 73 -0.7 -5.1Brunei 46,428 40,157 46,056 74 14.7 7.3Lebanon 38,205 46,158 44,631 75 -3.3 11.1

Cambodia 27,889 34,668 42,738 76 23.3 5.7Finland 158,857 55,209 35,768 77 -35.2 -35.1Maldives 26,687 32,955 35,494 78 7.7 5.8Timor-Leste 24,137 27,748 34,507 79 24.4 -8.3Morocco 34,384 36,532 33,466 80 -8.4 4.4

Colombia 34,633 38,947 33,279 81 -14.6 -0.7Laos 37,989 36,560 31,012 82 -15.2 12.3Christmas Island 49,762 56,798 29,919 83 -47.3 -7.1Venezuela 11,989 3,994 29,834 84 646.9 -9.2Samoa 24,996 24,554 29,406 85 19.8 -1.7

Nepal 15,020 13,218 25,617 86 93.8 -11.6Trinidad & Tobago 14,965 19,055 25,494 87 33.8 -26.8Jamaica 12,586 10,283 25,019 88 143.3 0.5Zambia 22,037 22,210 24,431 89 10.0 13.8Hungary 16,123 17,498 24,395 90 39.4 17.9

(a) Recorded trade basis. (b) May exclude selected confidential export commodities. Refer to Appendix G - DFAT adjustmentsto official ABS trade data - for more information and a list of the commodities excluded.

(A$'000)

% growth

TABLE 28: AUSTRALIA'S MERCHANDISE EXPORT MARKETS (a) (cont'd)

- 73 -

2013-14 to 5 yearCountry (b) 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 Rank 2014-15 trend

El Salvador 22,187 19,757 23,697 91 19.9 -5.7Kiribati 20,699 21,638 22,912 92 5.9 -0.4Kazakhstan 35,032 39,110 18,334 93 -53.1 12.0Ecuador 14,180 17,553 17,530 94 -0.1 24.5Portugal 12,212 20,606 17,159 95 -16.7 -3.0

Senegal 72,541 21,008 16,048 96 -23.6 -1.7Mali 41,517 20,100 15,445 97 -23.2 -1.0Libya 16,010 20,762 15,078 98 -27.4 -6.1Namibia 17,573 17,394 14,063 99 -19.2 10.9Greece 10,274 11,671 12,691 100 8.7 -26.1

Azerbaijan 16,418 4,802 12,651 101 163.5 -7.3Dem. Republic of the Congo 8,955 16,974 12,464 102 -26.6 56.9Burkina Faso 14,721 6,315 12,394 103 96.3 5.4Cote d'Ivoire 22,037 12,633 12,286 104 -2.7 6.8Guam 15,049 11,810 12,172 105 3.1 -5.0

Guatemala 12,808 7,904 12,159 106 53.8 -11.7Madagascar 17,566 15,849 12,065 107 -23.9 -3.9Slovenia 12,719 42,771 11,655 108 -72.7 14.2Tonga 6,976 8,174 11,522 109 41.0 -1.5Uruguay 17,548 5,443 11,340 110 108.3 -2.9

Angola 8,238 8,328 11,239 111 35.0 7.4Uganda 29,894 20,409 10,707 112 -47.5 48.6Malawi 26,075 17,335 9,701 113 -44.0 62.1Guyana 1,122 2,005 9,576 114 377.6 26.9Cook Islands 6,431 5,821 9,532 115 63.7 -3.6

Mongolia 29,719 14,168 9,010 116 -36.4 -14.5Algeria 4,578 46,486 8,515 117 -81.7 -5.8Latvia 8,913 11,685 8,428 118 -27.9 7.8Dominican Republic 5,934 10,585 8,423 119 -20.4 -7.4Norfolk Island 8,690 6,340 8,053 120 27.0 -10.2

Lithuania 5,071 5,411 7,795 121 44.1 13.3American Samoa 6,370 5,974 7,714 122 29.1 4.6Antarctica 6,098 7,231 7,590 123 5.0 1.3Tunisia 4,879 5,860 7,438 124 26.9 10.4Georgia 23,561 14,308 7,009 125 -51.0 -29.0

Luxembourg 1,717 1,764 6,745 126 282.2 24.5Afghanistan 8,413 5,481 6,519 127 18.9 -18.4Federated States of Micronesia 8,892 6,871 6,437 128 -6.3 4.3Seychelles 3,817 5,707 6,236 129 9.3 -1.2Cocos Keeling Islands 10,331 7,796 6,065 130 -22.2 -15.6

Equatorial Guinea 432 411 5,837 131 .. 46.6Liberia 3,615 10,636 5,813 132 -45.3 29.5Gabon 3,468 4,777 5,717 133 19.7 23.4Republic of Congo 6,274 742 5,644 134 661.1 -25.5Mauritania 18,902 16,215 5,528 135 -65.9 -19.5

(a) Recorded trade basis. (b) May exclude selected confidential export commodities. Refer to Appendix G - DFAT adjustmentsto official ABS trade data - for more information and a list of the commodities excluded.

(A$'000)

% growth

TABLE 28: AUSTRALIA'S MERCHANDISE EXPORT MARKETS (a) (cont'd)

- 74 -

2013-14 to 5 yearCountry (b) 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 Rank 2014-15 trend

Botswana 8,418 3,217 5,522 136 71.6 -5.0Eritrea 1,269 1,478 5,275 137 256.8 4.3Reunion 14,014 4,407 5,244 138 19.0 -19.9Tuvalu 1,642 1,645 5,177 139 214.8 9.3Estonia 12,383 6,989 5,074 140 -27.4 -12.6

Malta 6,504 4,042 4,865 141 20.4 -40.9Wallis & Futuna Island 4,052 3,757 4,180 142 11.2 -9.5Bahamas 3,033 3,538 4,130 143 16.8 13.2Cuba 2,133 3,834 3,939 144 2.8 -3.1Ethiopia 1,302 3,241 3,721 145 14.8 -2.2

Sierra Leone 7,420 8,493 3,696 146 -56.5 -13.1Nicaragua 1,823 182 3,695 147 .. 23.6Marshall Islands 5,144 5,334 3,618 148 -32.2 8.2Costa Rica 2,781 3,454 3,463 149 0.3 -39.7Barbados 1,301 3,057 3,353 150 9.7 -2.4

Guinea 14,547 2,906 2,840 151 -2.3 -36.0Gibraltar 1,081 131 2,811 152 .. -49.8Croatia 1,228 2,303 2,781 153 20.8 -39.3Uzbekistan 6,294 83 2,697 154 .. -0.4Suriname 4,217 3,267 2,668 155 -18.4 14.5

Cameroon 3,092 1,567 2,608 156 66.5 -6.3Rwanda 5,973 14,717 2,510 157 -82.9 120.9Togo 1,894 2,951 2,500 158 -15.3 -1.7Iceland (c) 2,557 3,390 2,471 159 -27.1 4.3Slovak Republic 2,160 3,190 2,406 160 -24.6 -4.8

Kyrgyzstan 2,583 3,192 2,377 161 -25.5 13.9Djibouti 3,609 3,745 2,372 162 -36.7 -12.4Falkland Islands 113 121 2,272 163 .. 42.0Serbia 3,656 1,615 2,266 164 40.3 -10.2Puerto Rico 6,802 16,065 2,217 165 -86.2 -0.6

Syria 4,316 3,045 2,180 166 -28.4 -27.3Albania 1,069 3,391 2,133 167 -37.1 6.7Cyprus 3,654 3,312 2,099 168 -36.6 -25.2Chad 1,828 1,370 1,886 169 37.7 53.8French Antilles 1,141 1,208 1,820 170 50.7 -17.6

Central African Republic 39 451 1,752 171 288.4 42.3Northern Mariana Islands 2,032 1,062 1,693 172 59.4 6.7Benin 1,610 1,332 1,650 173 23.8 24.6Palau 2,008 959 1,608 174 67.7 20.3Zimbabwe 6,743 2,778 1,286 175 -53.7 -9.0

Honduras 2,837 2,753 1,190 176 -56.8 3.0Turkmenistan 429 978 1,151 177 17.7 -10.0Bolivia 1,414 1,323 1,062 178 -19.7 -2.7Armenia 5,431 1,503 1,058 179 -29.6 8.6Netherlands Antilles 707 1,467 1,021 180 -30.4 4.3

(a) Recorded trade basis. (b) May exclude selected confidential export commodities. Refer to Appendix G - DFAT adjustmentsto official ABS trade data - for more information and a list of the commodities excluded. (c) Excludes exports of alumina up to December 2012.

(A$'000)

% growth

TABLE 28: AUSTRALIA'S MERCHANDISE EXPORT MARKETS (a) (cont'd)

- 75 -

2013-14 to 5 yearCountry (b) 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 Rank 2014-15 trend

Paraguay 2,591 1,312 876 181 -33.2 4.8Burundi 181 2,181 866 182 -60.3 159.4Bermuda 548 392 728 183 85.6 -18.3St Kitts & Nevis 278 329 631 184 91.7 29.8Bosnia-Herzegovina 1,260 1,026 622 185 -39.4 -31.1

Niger 486 245 602 186 145.8 24.4St Lucia 842 808 593 187 -26.6 -17.3Belize 236 157 550 188 250.3 5.7Belarus 271 580 397 189 -31.6 -0.4FYR Macedonia 404 618 366 190 -40.8 -18.9

Antigua & Barbuda 2,210 225 345 191 53.4 -7.7Comoros 116 26 327 192 .. ..Cayman Islands 156 282 318 193 12.6 -10.9South Sudan 731 57 301 194 424.3 ..UK Virgin Islands 16,106 63 281 195 346.6 -10.6

Swaziland 196 304 273 196 -10.3 -14.7US Virgin Islands 617 579 249 197 -57.0 -29.5Somalia 412 175 239 198 36.6 -7.0Grenada 218 20 217 199 996.1 -11.5Dominica 137 80 204 200 156.4 34.8

Pitcairn Islands 342 1,050 194 201 -81.5 18.0Bhutan 327 123 148 202 20.1 -57.1French Guiana 23 48 133 203 176.7 -30.5Haiti 161 491 130 204 -73.6 -22.8Moldova 207 1,995 119 205 -94.0 46.8

Niue 530 205 115 206 -43.8 -1.7St Vincent & Grenadines 655 121 101 207 -16.7 -47.8St Helena 236 165 98 208 -40.5 20.0Tajikistan 1,975 2,965 54 209 -98.2 31.1Gambia 110 0 34 210 .. ..

Turks & Caicos Islands 0 10 28 211 177.7 ..Montenegro 14 80 25 212 -68.6 -54.1Cabo Verde 9 0 8 213 .. ..Anguilla 15 8 7 214 -13.5 ..Western Sahara 0 0 4 215 .. ..

Sao Tome & Principe 0 105 0 - -100.0 ..US Minor Outlying Islands 0 88 0 - -100.0 ..Former Sudan 69,328 0 0 - .. ..Lesotho 31 0 0 - .. ..St Pierre & Miquelon 4 0 0 - .. ..

Other (d) 2,092,169 3,226,607 2,969,274 -8.0 9.1

(a) Recorded trade basis. (b) May exclude selected confidential export commodities. Refer to Appendix G - DFAT adjustmentsto official ABS trade data - for more information and a list of the commodities excluded. (d) Includes destination unknown, ships' stores, international waters and confidential items of trade.Based on ABS trade data on the DFAT STARS database (ABS catalogue 5368.0) and unpublished ABS data.

% growth

TABLE 28: AUSTRALIA'S MERCHANDISE EXPORT MARKETS (a) (cont'd)(A$'000)

- 76 -

% growth

2013-14 to 5 yearCountry (b) 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 Rank 2014-15 trend

World 236,243,484 252,200,062 256,456,129 1.7 4.8

China 44,435,940 50,092,287 57,103,531 1 14.0 8.6United States 27,957,928 27,970,552 30,396,754 2 8.7 3.5Japan 18,344,130 18,484,135 18,300,975 3 -1.0 1.0Republic of Korea 9,185,446 11,741,082 13,638,379 4 16.2 15.0Thailand 11,128,664 11,061,066 12,135,002 5 9.7 2.0

Germany 10,918,720 12,288,174 11,958,259 6 -2.7 3.1Singapore 14,283,085 13,085,894 10,812,757 7 -17.4 1.0Malaysia 8,936,489 11,165,084 10,386,430 8 -7.0 4.9New Zealand 7,090,140 7,859,675 7,777,010 9 -1.1 1.9United Kingdom 6,353,907 6,339,951 6,332,933 10 -0.1 1.6

Italy 5,510,231 6,018,996 5,983,323 11 -0.6 5.3Indonesia 5,997,665 6,464,698 5,340,442 12 -17.4 2.8Vietnam 3,557,433 4,519,642 4,894,025 13 8.3 12.3Taiwan 3,860,502 4,148,655 4,854,129 14 17.0 6.4France (c) 4,572,389 4,842,758 4,601,197 15 -5.0 -4.1

India 2,384,610 2,858,778 3,804,798 16 33.1 13.8Papua New Guinea 3,004,029 3,455,668 3,402,129 17 -1.5 1.7United Arab Emirates 3,270,437 3,245,481 3,117,516 18 -3.9 4.4Switzerland 2,869,763 2,988,142 3,006,508 19 0.6 5.7Canada 2,153,818 2,129,182 2,264,840 20 6.4 5.8

Mexico 2,165,989 1,953,395 2,256,860 21 15.5 11.4Netherlands 1,770,406 1,902,612 2,043,990 22 7.4 8.9Spain 2,932,670 3,348,523 2,008,703 23 -40.0 9.7Sweden 2,296,825 2,132,056 1,924,270 24 -9.7 -2.1Ireland 1,501,473 1,534,663 1,822,865 25 18.8 -6.8

Belgium 1,593,709 1,743,821 1,663,013 26 -4.6 1.2Hong Kong (SAR of China) 1,246,154 1,204,063 1,231,569 27 2.3 1.9Denmark 896,051 1,203,061 1,090,577 28 -9.3 1.1South Africa 853,378 897,302 1,086,854 29 21.1 0.2Austria 829,465 1,052,774 1,062,545 30 0.9 3.6

Gabon 999,852 1,143,792 998,645 31 -12.7 72.0Philippines 531,410 1,053,818 937,360 32 -11.1 19.8Chile 1,244,044 1,064,874 907,480 33 -14.8 2.2Turkey 558,058 737,971 821,397 34 11.3 14.2Israel 673,014 709,986 789,536 35 11.2 6.2

Argentina 635,689 812,330 781,072 36 -3.8 21.6Brunei 979,686 734,931 769,911 37 4.8 -7.3Poland 551,589 639,974 764,658 38 19.5 21.3Russian Federation 813,847 1,414,989 738,317 39 -47.8 19.1Finland 860,020 785,405 733,941 40 -6.6 0.3

Bangladesh 418,934 516,094 674,095 41 30.6 39.5Czech Republic 520,309 621,808 665,357 42 7.0 23.3Brazil 578,951 600,072 613,458 43 2.2 -4.0Qatar 722,677 603,424 611,332 44 1.3 5.7Nigeria 2,110,298 1,974,913 531,684 45 -73.1 1.2

(a) Recorded trade basis. (b) May exclude selected confidential import commodities. Refer to Appendix G - DFAT adjustmentsto official ABS trade data - for more information and a list of the commodities excluded. (c) DFAT estimate from 2009-10 to2014-15.

TABLE 29: AUSTRALIA'S MERCHANDISE IMPORT SOURCES (a)(A$'000)

- 77 -

TABLE 29: AUSTRALIA'S MERCHANDISE IMPORT SOURCES (a) (cont'd)(A$'000)

% growth

2013-14 to 5 yearCountry (b) 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 Rank 2014-15 trend

Hungary 293,637 407,984 490,830 46 20.3 1.1Saudi Arabia 381,775 347,170 385,930 47 11.2 -3.5Slovak Republic 250,641 394,300 382,412 48 -3.0 26.7Norway 374,484 418,072 371,437 49 -11.2 0.1Puerto Rico 611,323 399,824 329,293 50 -17.6 -10.7

Pakistan 178,787 209,790 239,008 51 13.9 8.3New Caledonia 90,681 167,544 216,414 52 29.2 8.6Greece 168,006 191,360 203,878 53 6.5 6.4Sri Lanka 137,570 170,770 191,623 54 12.2 12.4Republic of Congo 977,033 1,301,378 184,366 55 -85.8 100.0

Fiji 166,586 159,056 175,036 56 10.0 -0.7Peru 129,625 101,574 166,020 57 63.4 -1.6Portugal 137,522 149,885 163,866 58 9.3 4.7Ghana 5,790 9,129 137,516 59 .. 57.7Cambodia 65,336 100,594 131,992 60 31.2 42.9

Slovenia 69,316 99,751 116,637 61 16.9 24.3Costa Rica 139,362 137,588 115,472 62 -16.1 2.3Romania 74,518 106,051 114,460 63 7.9 20.4Bahrain 76,093 68,115 91,503 64 34.3 7.3Oman 46,101 64,253 86,550 65 34.7 8.4

Colombia 45,771 62,275 74,422 66 19.5 15.2Honduras 18,233 48,050 67,483 67 40.4 35.1Bulgaria 43,243 46,789 55,423 68 18.5 11.9Burma 16,090 23,218 48,064 69 107.0 21.9Estonia 48,438 32,277 46,371 70 43.7 6.0

Lithuania 57,967 34,013 40,640 71 19.5 15.9Kenya 20,151 32,759 38,579 72 17.8 21.4Angola 60 34,145 37,565 73 10.0 308.6Jordan 10,315 17,736 35,643 74 101.0 35.3Iran 27,157 27,796 34,471 75 24.0 -27.5

Morocco 49,545 79,543 34,202 76 -57.0 0.2Dominican Republic 24,817 31,646 33,146 77 4.7 12.1Egypt 58,593 34,103 32,691 78 -4.1 3.6Tanzania 6,983 6,639 32,500 79 389.5 34.3Ukraine 57,667 42,036 32,011 80 -23.8 4.5

Samoa 33,654 32,278 30,786 81 -4.6 -6.4Uruguay 19,088 19,844 29,862 82 50.5 13.8Serbia 17,853 22,883 28,407 83 24.1 26.1Guatemala 11,488 13,801 28,284 84 104.9 26.4Cote d'Ivoire 29,944 8,889 27,543 85 209.9 1.4

Ecuador 20,514 20,854 26,354 86 26.4 9.9Malta 14,028 20,952 25,545 87 21.9 12.6Tunisia 16,566 21,951 25,217 88 14.9 12.1Croatia 25,418 22,534 24,763 89 9.9 -9.4Bolivia 17,697 28,965 23,703 90 -18.2 26.6

(a) Recorded trade basis. (b) May exclude selected confidential import commodities. Refer to Appendix G - DFAT adjustmentsto official ABS trade data - for more information and a list of the commodities excluded.

- 78 -

TABLE 29: AUSTRALIA'S MERCHANDISE IMPORT SOURCES (a) (cont'd)(A$'000)

% growth

2013-14 to 5 yearCountry (b) 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 Rank 2014-15 trend

Cyprus 14,556 18,689 22,717 91 21.6 21.2Ethiopia 14,889 19,284 22,697 92 17.7 19.9Iceland 10,803 19,618 22,538 93 14.9 18.3El Salvador 9,412 21,629 22,384 94 3.5 45.1Mali 1,209 2,030 21,719 95 969.7 18.2

Equatorial Guinea 28,171 36,746 20,534 96 -44.1 ..Macau (SAR of China) 8,534 14,351 20,127 97 40.2 14.7Luxembourg 30,858 38,678 19,545 98 -49.5 -4.5Mauritius 11,074 14,170 18,087 99 27.6 10.4Latvia 9,075 15,877 17,015 100 7.2 39.5

Nicaragua 13,053 13,501 16,643 101 23.3 12.4Togo 2 48 16,487 102 .. 106.7Lebanon 12,169 14,251 15,932 103 11.8 3.2Solomon Islands 96,696 78,681 13,398 104 -83.0 28.8American Samoa 12,942 12,022 13,288 105 10.5 12.2

Cuba 6,774 8,438 10,228 106 21.2 16.1Panama 5,303 8,534 9,596 107 12.5 35.1Trinidad & Tobago 5,534 10,211 9,524 108 -6.7 18.2Namibia 8,425 6,615 9,236 109 39.6 4.1UK Virgin Islands 4,985 5,327 9,172 110 72.2 19.8

FYR Macedonia 6,174 6,778 7,570 111 11.7 12.3Bosnia-Herzegovina 2,865 4,698 7,401 112 57.5 24.5Nepal 5,565 6,209 7,051 113 13.6 3.1Bahamas 3,778 6,571 6,176 114 -6.0 31.8Nauru 9,224 13,340 5,776 115 -56.7 47.7

Madagascar 3,486 5,565 4,997 116 -10.2 65.6Bermuda 51,775 11,405 4,835 117 -57.6 22.8Laos 60,642 27,863 3,803 118 -86.4 30.5Belarus 6,259 4,645 3,642 119 -21.6 -1.8Seychelles 1,988 2,628 3,531 120 34.3 -5.5

Georgia 2,700 5,477 3,408 121 -37.8 16.6Zambia 131 43 3,217 122 .. -38.8Kazakhstan 2,465 1,571 3,200 123 103.7 -31.0Guam 74 121 3,196 124 .. 45.7Lesotho 1,856 2,603 2,902 125 11.5 18.3

Sierra Leone 15,741 2,560 2,823 126 10.3 -17.1Timor-Leste 2,016 1,269 2,679 127 111.1 16.0French Polynesia 2,167 1,809 2,653 128 46.6 -11.2Christmas Island 4,675 7,316 2,649 129 -63.8 16.0Uganda 3,005 3,065 2,233 130 -27.1 -16.4

Belize 1,726 2,637 2,229 131 -15.5 5.4Vanuatu 2,016 2,205 2,225 132 0.9 25.4Swaziland 2,290 2,785 2,091 133 -24.9 -53.6Barbados 1,742 4,191 2,057 134 -50.9 12.2Venezuela 1,237 1,357 2,033 135 49.8 -7.6

(a) Recorded trade basis. (b) May exclude selected confidential import commodities. Refer to Appendix G - DFAT adjustmentsto official ABS trade data - for more information and a list of the commodities excluded.

- 79 -

TABLE 29: AUSTRALIA'S MERCHANDISE IMPORT SOURCES (a) (cont'd)(A$'000)

% growth

2013-14 to 5 yearCountry (b) 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 Rank 2014-15 trend

Paraguay 260 2,106 1,951 136 -7.4 28.7Afghanistan 1,323 1,568 1,925 137 22.8 58.0Haiti 2,266 1,615 1,808 138 11.9 1.6Jamaica 1,243 1,441 1,758 139 22.0 2.0Uzbekistan 2,141 1,952 1,635 140 -16.3 35.3

Tonga 814 1,590 1,592 141 0.2 31.5Moldova 2,508 1,372 1,420 142 3.5 23.6Mozambique 8,349 446 1,308 143 193.6 -21.7Rwanda 607 646 1,252 144 93.7 82.7Turkmenistan 0 428 1,234 145 188.1 ..

Syria 1,286 1,060 1,207 146 13.9 -5.9Kuwait 450,275 333,114 1,172 147 -99.6 -56.6Niger 2,533 3,140 1,135 148 -63.9 -11.6Albania 453 806 882 149 9.5 20.6Antigua & Barbuda 148 13 871 150 .. -14.2

Maldives 1,140 833 801 151 -3.9 5.2Netherlands Antilles 991 404 793 152 96.6 -12.0French Antilles 291 937 782 153 -16.5 16.4Cayman Islands 555 743 753 154 1.3 20.4Burundi 416 182 708 155 289.4 ..

Cameroon 523 690 702 156 1.7 -20.4Marshall Islands 221 505 611 157 21.0 3.3Senegal 501 163 609 158 273.4 -21.8St Helena 451 520 566 159 8.7 126.8Cook Islands 85 718 565 160 -21.3 33.3

Djibouti 513 335 482 161 44.0 25.9Zimbabwe 242 314 379 162 20.7 -55.2Suriname 128 228 356 163 56.6 17.0Guyana 494 601 348 164 -42.1 -15.0Sao Tome & Principe 47 81 344 165 327.6 42.4

Mongolia 551 396 323 166 -18.5 13.5Iraq 14 232 323 167 39.4 ..Dominica 538 148 291 168 96.6 -14.4Tuvalu 501 436 288 169 -34.1 2.7Cocos Keeling Islands 250 222 287 170 29.3 64.5

Guinea 409 185 280 171 51.6 -32.5Armenia 316 453 270 172 -40.4 -21.8Dem. Republic of the Congo 7,269 1,418 255 173 -82.0 -23.4Kyrgyzstan 168 63 252 174 300.4 14.9Montenegro 622 247 243 175 -1.4 19.4

Bhutan 449 185 229 176 23.9 ..Sudan 178 87 216 177 148.1 ..Yemen 0 235 207 178 -11.9 ..Central African Republic 4 12 183 179 .. 47.0US Virgin Islands 259 590 182 180 -69.1 -9.9

(a) Recorded trade basis. (b) May exclude selected confidential import commodities. Refer to Appendix G - DFAT adjustmentsto official ABS trade data - for more information and a list of the commodities excluded.

- 80 -

TABLE 29: AUSTRALIA'S MERCHANDISE IMPORT SOURCES (a) (cont'd)(A$'000)

% growth

2013-14 to 5 yearCountry (b) 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 Rank 2014-15 trend

Kiribati 104 227 170 181 -24.8 -18.3Turks & Caicos Islands 17 19 169 182 781.0 155.7Reunion 16 13 161 183 .. 29.6Cabo Verde 611 28 156 184 459.3 24.6Grenada 0 69 155 185 125.5 ..

Malawi 104 236 150 186 -36.6 -50.2Azerbaijan 87,334 283,515 143 187 -99.9 -62.7St Kitts & Nevis 79 120 120 188 0.5 36.1Chad 0 12 108 189 831.3 ..Falkland Islands 32 45 95 190 114.3 67.5

Anguilla 12 4 88 191 .. -12.3Libya 1,171,655 11 65 192 488.7 -87.2St Lucia 67 10 63 193 528.0 26.6Gambia 17 223 50 194 -77.5 31.9Mauritania 63 19 49 195 164.0 16.0

Montserrat 19 275 48 196 -82.4 -29.3Burkina Faso 32 16 44 197 184.7 94.4Botswana 22 672 43 198 -93.6 23.6Algeria 32 83,884 41 199 -100.0 -78.1Norfolk Island 70 28 41 200 44.5 -16.1

Federated States of Micronesia 19 100 33 201 -66.4 25.0Benin 0 153 32 202 -78.9 ..Somalia 126 52 31 203 -39.8 -19.1Comoros 97 428 31 204 -92.9 ..Gibraltar 92 360 25 205 -93.0 ..

Liberia 221 460 23 206 -94.9 -0.4South Sudan 4 34 17 207 -50.3 ..Palau 2 16 10 208 -38.3 ..Pitcairn Islands 17 53 10 209 -81.1 -52.3Eritrea 3 0 7 210 .. ..

Niue 1 50 7 211 -86.9 -22.5French Southern Territories 0 0 5 212 .. ..Northern Mariana Islands 0 40 4 213 -90.1 ..US Minor Outlying Islands 0 3 3 214 -0.8 ..Tajikistan 11 3 3 215 13.0 -82.3

Antarctica 2 326 2 216 -99.3 -26.0British Indian Ocean Territory 7 4 2 217 -48.2 ..French Guiana 580 14 1 218 -92.4 -9.9Western Sahara 0 3 0 - -100.0 ..Guinea-Bissau 0 2 0 - -100.0 ..

Dem. People's Republic of Korea 473 0 0 - .. ..St Vincent & Grenadines 80 0 0 - .. ..

Other (d) 4,823,779 4,060,952 3,146,559 -22.5 -1.8

(a) Recorded trade basis. (b) May exclude selected confidential import commodities. Refer to Appendix G - DFAT adjustmentsto official ABS trade data - for more information and a list of the commodities excluded. (d) Includes destination unknown, shipsstores, international waters and confidential items of trade.Based on ABS trade data on the DFAT STARS database (ABS catalogue 5368.0) and unpublished ABS data.

- 81 -

TABLE 30: AUSTRALIA'S MERCHANDISE TRADE BY COUNTRY AND REGIONAL GROUPS (a) (b)

(A$ million)

2013-14 to 5 year2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 % share 2014-15 trend

Country Groups

APEC 368,812 411,421 399,719 78.2 -2.8 5.8ASEAN 70,695 76,008 75,588 14.8 -0.6 4.7East Asia 301,541 341,921 325,551 63.7 -4.8 6.4European Union 28 57,401 58,504 56,860 11.1 -2.8 -0.1Gulf Cooperation Council 10,959 11,794 12,372 2.4 4.9 7.1G20 350,907 387,139 375,671 73.5 -3.0 4.7Indian Ocean Rim Association 86,814 87,644 89,772 17.6 2.4 1.7OECD 216,015 226,293 225,376 44.1 -0.4 2.4Pacific Islands Forum Countries 21,122 22,457 22,423 4.4 -0.2 1.4TPP 165,874 174,157 174,984 34.2 0.5 3.6

Geographic Regions

Africa 10,045 9,055 6,515 1.3 -28.1 2.5 Central & West Africa 4,667 4,905 2,327 0.5 -52.6 17.2 North Africa 2,172 1,050 774 0.2 -26.3 -9.4 Southern & East Africa 3,206 3,100 3,414 0.7 10.1 -1.8

Americas 48,855 49,441 55,563 10.9 12.4 3.6 North America 788 556 492 0.1 -11.7 -9.1 Caribbean 3,087 2,743 3,084 0.6 12.4 4.8 Central America 40,763 41,957 47,446 9.3 13.1 4.2 South America 4,217 4,185 4,541 0.9 8.5 -0.1

Asia 331,293 369,618 356,083 69.7 -3.7 5.7 Central Asia 197 367 64 0.0 -82.6 -17.9 North Asia 230,820 265,884 249,926 48.9 -6.0 7.0 South East Asia 70,721 76,037 75,625 14.8 -0.5 4.7 Southern Asia 15,993 13,243 16,196 3.2 22.3 -6.2 Middle East 13,563 14,086 14,272 2.8 1.3 6.8

Europe 64,447 66,635 63,667 12.5 -4.5 0.6 Eastern Europe 3,586 4,831 4,311 0.8 -10.8 12.1 Northern Europe 18,623 16,743 16,626 3.3 -0.7 -5.3 South Eastern Europe 1,998 2,195 2,123 0.4 -3.3 13.5 Southern Europe 9,797 10,716 9,520 1.9 -11.2 3.9 Western Europe 30,443 32,151 31,087 6.1 -3.3 1.4

Oceania & Antarctica 21,667 23,084 23,138 4.5 0.2 1.3 Antarctica 6 8 8 0.0 0.5 1.2 Pacific Islands 21,596 23,005 23,092 4.5 0.4 1.3 Other Oceania 65 72 39 0.0 -46.1 -7.6

Other 6,916 7,288 6,116 1.2 -16.1 2.6

Total 483,223 525,121 511,081 100.0 -2.7 4.5

(a) Recorded trade basis. (b) May exclude selected confidential export/import commodities. Refer to Appendix G - DFAT adjustmentsto official ABS trade data - for more information and a list of the commodities excluded.Based on ABS trade data on DFAT STARS database (ABS catalogue 5368.0) and unpublished ABS data.

% growth

- 82 -

TABLE 31: AUSTRALIA'S MERCHANDISE EXPORTS BY COUNTRY AND REGIONAL GROUPS (a) (b)

(A$ million)

2013-14 to 5 year2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 % share 2014-15 trend

Country/Economic Regions

APEC 201,155 231,315 211,075 82.9 -8.7 6.2ASEAN 25,138 27,772 30,128 11.8 8.5 7.1East Asia 178,901 207,998 184,939 72.6 -11.1 6.8European Union 28 15,056 12,470 12,480 4.9 0.1 -7.1Gulf Cooperation Council 6,012 7,132 8,078 3.2 13.3 10.6G20 192,115 214,601 193,757 76.1 -9.7 4.2Indian Ocean Rim Association 39,278 38,024 42,002 16.5 10.5 -0.2OECD 101,282 104,447 100,743 39.6 -3.5 1.0Pacific Islands Forum Countries 10,718 10,852 11,013 4.3 1.5 0.9TPP 79,032 85,088 86,050 33.8 1.1 4.3

Geographic Regions

Africa 3,629 3,318 3,207 1.3 -3.3 -1.6 Central & West Africa 486 419 382 0.1 -8.9 5.1 North Africa 875 830 681 0.3 -17.9 -0.5 Southern & East Africa 2,267 2,068 2,144 0.8 3.7 -3.0

Americas 12,967 13,943 17,343 6.8 24.4 2.9 Caribbean 71 72 79 0.0 9.3 -14.7 Central America 722 544 565 0.2 3.9 -11.1 North America 10,651 11,858 14,784 5.8 24.7 5.5 South America 1,523 1,470 1,914 0.8 30.2 -5.8

Asia 199,758 226,204 205,371 80.7 -9.2 5.5 Central Asia 100 72 52 0.0 -28.4 -9.0 North Asia 153,739 180,199 154,777 60.8 -14.1 6.7 South East Asia 25,162 27,799 30,162 11.8 8.5 7.0 Southern Asia 12,866 9,480 11,278 4.4 19.0 -11.0 Middle East 7,891 8,654 9,101 3.6 5.2 10.0

Europe 17,380 14,939 14,245 5.6 -4.6 -5.9 Eastern Europe 977 1,223 1,130 0.4 -7.6 2.1 Northern Europe 6,330 4,310 4,327 1.7 0.4 -14.3 South Eastern Europe 1,014 935 718 0.3 -23.2 13.5 Southern Europe 1,202 1,177 1,338 0.5 13.7 -8.5 Western Europe 7,857 7,295 6,732 2.6 -7.7 -0.4

Oceania & Antarctica 11,152 11,290 11,490 4.5 1.8 0.7 Antarctica 6 7 8 0.0 5.0 1.3 Pacific Islands 11,086 11,219 11,446 4.5 2.0 0.7 Other Oceania 60 65 36 0.0 -44.4 -8.7

Other 2,092 3,227 2,969 1.2 -8.0 9.1

Total 246,979 272,921 254,625 100.0 -6.7 4.2

(a) Recorded trade basis. (b) May exclude selected confidential export commodities. Refer to Appendix G - DFAT adjustmentsto official ABS trade data - for more information and a list of the commodities excluded.Based on ABS trade data on DFAT STARS database (ABS catalogue 5368.0) and unpublished ABS data.

% growth

- 83 -

TABLE 32: AUSTRALIA'S MERCHANDISE IMPORTS BY COUNTRY AND REGIONAL GROUPS (a) (b)

(A$ million)

2013-14 to 5 year2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 % share 2014-15 trend

Country Groups

APEC 167,658 180,106 188,643 73.6 4.7 5.2ASEAN 45,557 48,237 45,460 17.7 -5.8 3.4East Asia 122,640 133,923 140,611 54.8 5.0 5.9European Union 28 42,345 46,034 44,380 17.3 -3.6 2.5Gulf Cooperation Council 4,947 4,662 4,294 1.7 -7.9 2.1G20 158,792 172,538 181,913 70.9 5.4 5.4Indian Ocean Rim Association 47,536 49,620 47,770 18.6 -3.7 3.4OECD 114,734 121,845 124,633 48.6 2.3 3.8Pacific Islands Forum Countries 10,404 11,605 11,410 4.4 -1.7 1.8TPP 86,842 89,069 88,933 34.7 -0.2 3.1

Geographic Regions

Africa 6,416 5,737 3,307 1.3 -42.4 6.7 Central & West Africa 4,180 4,486 1,945 0.8 -56.6 20.5 North Africa 1,297 220 92 0.0 -57.9 -29.5 Southern & East Africa 939 1,031 1,270 0.5 23.1 0.6

Americas 35,888 35,498 38,220 14.9 7.7 3.9 Caribbean 717 484 412 0.2 -14.8 -8.0 Central America 2,365 2,199 2,519 1.0 14.5 11.5 North America 30,112 30,100 32,662 12.7 8.5 3.6 South America 2,694 2,715 2,627 1.0 -3.2 4.5

Asia 131,535 143,414 150,712 58.8 5.1 6.0 Central Asia 96 295 12 0.0 -95.9 -31.2 North Asia 77,082 85,685 95,149 37.1 11.0 7.3 South East Asia 45,559 48,238 45,462 17.7 -5.8 3.4 Southern Asia 3,127 3,763 4,918 1.9 30.7 15.6 Middle East 5,671 5,433 5,171 2.0 -4.8 2.3

Europe 47,066 51,696 49,422 19.3 -4.4 3.0 Eastern Europe 2,609 3,608 3,181 1.2 -11.8 17.0 Northern Europe 12,294 12,433 12,299 4.8 -1.1 -0.6 South Eastern Europe 984 1,260 1,405 0.5 11.5 13.3 Southern Europe 8,595 9,539 8,181 3.2 -14.2 6.6 Western Europe 22,585 24,857 24,355 9.5 -2.0 2.0

Oceania & Antarctica 10,515 11,794 11,648 4.5 -1.2 1.9 Antarctica 0 0 0 0.0 .. .. Pacific Islands 10,510 11,786 11,645 4.5 -1.2 1.9 Other Oceania 5 8 3 0.0 -61.0 17.3

Other 4,824 4,061 3,147 1.2 -22.5 -1.8

Total 236,243 252,200 256,456 100.0 1.7 4.8

(a) Recorded trade basis. (b) May exclude selected confidential import commodities. Refer to Appendix G - DFAT adjustmentsto official ABS trade data - for more information and a list of the commodities excluded.Based on ABS trade data on DFAT STARS database (ABS catalogue 5368.0) and unpublished ABS data.

% growth

- 84 -

- 85 -

Section 7

Australia's major merchandise

trading partners, top 20 exports and imports

- 86 -

% growth

2013-14 to 5 yearRank SITC Commodity 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2014-15 trend

Top 20 merchandise exports1 011 Beef, f.c.f. 68,862 113,064 227,679 101.4 45.72 112 Alcoholic beverages 173,410 173,049 178,251 3.0 -3.23 288 Non-ferrous waste & scrap 170,253 148,397 143,696 -3.2 ..4 287 Other ores & concentrates (c) 124,307 79,724 112,599 41.2 ..5 012 Meat (excl beef), f.c.f. 53,277 74,988 90,434 20.6 10.8

6 792 Aircraft, spacecraft & parts 28,186 34,943 78,529 124.7 46.27 897 Jewellery 26,073 45,203 42,405 -6.2 16.08 542 Medicaments (incl veterinary) 49,805 67,095 39,846 -40.6 -4.69 713 Internal combustion piston engines 13,742 13,597 21,006 54.5 5.5

10 874 Measuring & analysing instruments 18,485 15,367 19,833 29.1 -7.5

11 714 Non-electric engines & motors 10,484 10,633 17,768 67.1 1.512 723 Civil engineering equipment & parts 29,472 21,321 16,355 -23.3 -11.113 582 Plastic plates, sheets & film 1,417 6,820 12,325 80.7 60.014 689 Other non-ferrous metals 6,747 7,537 10,451 38.7 -7.815 289 Precious metal ores & conc (excl gold) 0 0 10,133 .. ..

16 728 Specialised machinery & parts 16,968 13,183 9,843 -25.3 1.717 592 Starches, inulin & wheat gluten 7,760 4,366 8,846 102.6 -7.918 764 Telecom equipment & parts 14,263 6,680 7,903 18.3 -3.319 057 Fruit & nuts 8,291 11,308 7,572 -33.0 -0.720 081 Animal feed 4,317 5,054 7,425 46.9 24.6

Total merchandise exports 1,569,733 1,231,594 1,406,144 14.2 0.4

Top 20 merchandise imports1 791 Railway vehicles (incl hovertrains) 143,408 141,718 164,366 16.0 33.82 274 Sulphur & iron pyrites 136,160 100,879 162,086 60.7 32.03 542 Medicaments (incl veterinary) 143,715 117,249 129,043 10.1 11.54 714 Non-electric engines & motors 45,249 80,104 123,597 54.3 15.75 012 Meat (excl beef), f.c.f. 88,792 91,701 110,762 20.8 -4.5

6 562 Fertilisers (excl crude) 71,713 57,787 98,550 70.5 10.97 721 Agric machinery (excl tractors) & parts 89,474 83,011 97,703 17.7 2.48 874 Measuring & analysing instruments 70,935 71,624 78,446 9.5 2.39 723 Civil engineering equipment & parts 179,770 75,229 62,482 -16.9 -1.0

10 744 Mechanical handling equip & parts 28,206 37,445 60,642 61.9 17.5

11 764 Telecom equipment & parts 56,643 48,494 51,373 5.9 -0.112 728 Specialised machinery & parts 40,010 50,424 44,587 -11.6 15.113 248 Wood, simply worked 30,207 31,198 40,215 28.9 1.914 778 Electrical machinery & parts, nes 23,496 28,250 39,203 38.8 3.015 742 Pumps for liquids & parts 19,944 27,023 29,807 10.3 9.4

16 784 Vehicle parts & accessories 45,052 28,403 29,770 4.8 2.917 553 Perfumery & cosmetics (excl soap) 21,890 32,076 29,455 -8.2 14.618 251 Pulp & waste paper 27,737 27,889 27,348 -1.9 -13.719 781 Passenger motor vehicles 142,510 23,397 25,571 9.3 32.420 683 Nickel 24,459 18,174 24,961 37.3 14.0

Total merchandise imports 2,153,818 2,129,182 2,264,840 6.4 5.8

(a) Rank based on 2014-15. (b) May exclude selected confidential export and import commodities. Refer to the DFAT website (http://dfat.gov.au/about-us/publications/trade-investment/Pages/dfat-adjustments-to-abs-official-trade-data.aspx)for more information and a list of the commodities excluded. (c) Mainly Lead ores & concentrates and Zinc ores & concentrates .Based on ABS trade data on DFAT STARS database (ABS catalogue 5368.0) and unpublished ABS data.

TABLE 33: AUSTRALIA'S MERCHANDISE TRADE WITH CANADA (a)(b)(A$'000)

- 87 -

% growth

2013-14 to 5 yearRank SITC Commodity 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2014-15 trend

Top 20 merchandise exports

1 281 Iron ores & concentrates 41,937,557 57,028,895 42,051,064 -26.3 10.82 321 Coal 7,499,467 9,311,159 7,513,524 -19.3 13.13 971 Gold 5,985,673 8,084,394 6,956,388 -14.0 344.54 268 Wool & other animal hair (incl tops) 1,862,681 1,730,648 2,018,168 16.6 3.25 682 Copper 1,279,825 2,137,381 1,893,899 -11.4 17.5

6 287 Other ores & concentrates (c) 1,733,368 2,010,512 1,803,387 -10.3 0.67 283 Copper ores & concentrates 1,795,633 1,840,541 1,776,188 -3.5 9.38 043 Barley (d) 493,479 1,079,775 1,130,624 4.7 36.49 285 Aluminium ores & conc (incl alumina) 364,242 528,112 900,680 70.5 43.4

10 211 Hides & skins, raw (excl furskins) 692,791 887,338 884,913 -0.3 14.3

11 263 Cotton 1,849,564 1,520,197 850,539 -44.1 28.312 011 Beef, f.c.f. 408,200 787,438 758,228 -3.7 114.213 284 Nickel ores & concentrates 933,458 675,310 651,446 -3.5 15.714 012 Meat (excl beef), f.c.f. 343,606 562,220 440,216 -21.7 41.815 288 Non-ferrous waste & scrap 445,937 437,404 388,409 -11.2 2.7

16 045 Other cereals 91,241 214,172 379,873 77.4 199.517 041 Wheat 356,683 483,699 322,058 -33.4 18.818 222 Oil-seeds & oleaginous fruits, soft 344,165 626,733 317,054 -49.4 202.819 098 Edible products & preparations, nes 159,368 128,170 297,700 132.3 15.120 247 Wood, rough 122,468 251,270 280,261 11.5 21.1

Total merchandise exports 78,000,373 100,020,709 81,464,148 -18.6 12.5

Top 20 merchandise imports

1 764 Telecom equipment & parts 4,676,898 4,870,974 6,351,483 30.4 11.02 752 Computers 4,327,223 4,830,548 5,201,961 7.7 7.33 821 Furniture, mattresses & cushions 1,851,875 2,194,415 2,483,281 13.2 10.04 894 Prams, toys, games & sporting goods 1,576,353 1,848,401 1,959,625 6.0 0.65 845 Other textile clothing 1,411,049 1,652,600 1,715,827 3.8 4.9

6 691 Iron, steel, aluminium structures 1,093,460 990,985 1,549,732 56.4 28.27 893 Plastic articles, nes 990,720 1,227,274 1,434,721 16.9 12.58 842 Women's clothing (excl knitted) 1,085,994 1,255,248 1,248,124 -0.6 6.59 851 Footwear 1,004,578 1,118,335 1,197,470 7.1 6.0

10 775 Household-type equipment, nes 921,620 1,035,861 1,185,010 14.4 12.0

11 699 Manufactures of base metal, nes 856,568 972,291 1,129,695 16.2 10.212 778 Electrical machinery & parts, nes 806,282 965,914 1,081,116 11.9 11.713 658 Made-up textile articles, nes 706,784 827,412 945,857 14.3 9.614 751 Office machines 806,504 910,467 904,577 -0.6 -0.315 334 Refined petroleum 18,776 122,720 855,196 596.9 96.6

16 761 Monitors, projectors & TVs 789,434 868,182 854,687 -1.6 -8.217 813 Lighting fixtures & fittings 545,538 707,229 844,738 19.4 23.118 744 Mechanical handling equip & parts 614,108 622,465 835,586 34.2 26.919 831 Travel goods, bags & like containers 654,678 734,244 808,542 10.1 10.220 841 Men's clothing (excl knitted) 651,842 754,153 794,467 5.3 6.2

Total merchandise imports 44,435,940 50,092,287 57,103,531 14.0 8.6

(a) Rank based on 2014-15. (b) May exclude selected confidential export and import commodities. Refer to the DFAT website (http://dfat.gov.au/about-us/publications/trade-investment/Pages/dfat-adjustments-to-abs-official-trade-data.aspx)for more information and a list of the commodities excluded. (c) Mainly Manganese ores & concentrates and Zinc ores & concentrates(d) Only includes data up to March 2015.Based on ABS trade data on DFAT STARS database (ABS catalogue 5368.0) and unpublished ABS data.

TABLE 34: AUSTRALIA'S MERCHANDISE TRADE WITH CHINA (a)(b)(A$'000)

- 88 -

% growth

2013-14 to 5 yearRank SITC Commodity 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2014-15 trend

Top 20 merchandise exports

1 321 Coal 508,097 395,851 447,182 13.0 -7.72 792 Aircraft, spacecraft & parts 107,612 128,017 116,576 -8.9 7.13 222 Oil-seeds & oleaginous fruits, soft 167,197 216,601 109,246 -49.6 ..4 874 Measuring & analysing instruments 21,827 33,844 37,555 11.0 27.95 542 Medicaments (incl veterinary) 27,795 59,103 24,890 -57.9 13.7

6 211 Hides & skins, raw (excl furskins) 25,997 17,120 22,637 32.2 20.77 012 Meat (excl beef), f.c.f. 7,766 16,363 19,795 21.0 4.48 713 Internal combustion piston engines 4,548 7,172 10,607 47.9 4.29 772 Electrical circuits equipment 10,278 12,458 10,582 -15.1 2.2

10 292 Crude vegetable matter, nes 5,052 9,803 10,511 7.2 62.8

11 057 Fruit & nuts 5,750 11,122 9,926 .. ..12 592 Starches, inulin & wheat gluten 14,473 8,889 9,797 10.2 -5.113 764 Telecom equipment & parts 9,397 8,936 9,341 4.5 8.914 871 Optical instruments 292 676 8,008 .. 60.515 748 Transmission shafts & parts 825 2,942 7,891 168.2 29.2

16 791 Railway vehicles (incl hovertrains) 201 8,742 7,789 -10.9 113.017 743 Pumps (excl liquid pumps) & parts 4,573 10,849 6,850 -36.9 -5.018 728 Specialised machinery & parts 2,651 3,832 6,179 61.2 2.119 582 Plastic plates, sheets & film 3,225 4,055 6,126 51.1 72.620 778 Electrical machinery & parts, nes 27,918 11,421 5,818 -49.1 12.1

Total merchandise exports 1,189,929 1,185,515 1,089,791 -8.1 0.2

Top 20 merchandise imports

1 542 Medicaments (incl veterinary) 715,118 624,556 486,174 -22.2 -5.62 112 Alcoholic beverages 273,608 317,634 350,746 10.4 13.13 553 Perfumery & cosmetics (excl soap) 260,853 297,543 291,956 -1.9 7.84 874 Measuring & analysing instruments 106,860 134,249 171,315 27.6 8.85 714 Non-electric engines & motors 71,596 103,140 168,253 63.1 19.0

6 781 Passenger motor vehicles 118,170 95,708 118,233 23.5 -4.47 772 Electrical circuits equipment 87,862 102,545 97,052 -5.4 0.78 831 Travel goods, bags & like containers 70,456 79,920 89,776 12.3 6.09 723 Civil engineering equipment & parts 294,220 105,018 86,707 -17.4 1.5

10 782 Goods vehicles 40,123 65,401 81,366 24.4 67.1

11 764 Telecom equipment & parts 40,098 70,949 80,051 12.8 6.512 899 Misc manufactured articles, nes 72,380 101,337 78,018 -23.0 15.213 744 Mechanical handling equip & parts 80,398 68,576 73,513 7.2 12.914 716 Rotating electric plant & parts 23,022 17,426 69,559 299.2 20.415 784 Vehicle parts & accessories 54,885 74,993 67,200 -10.4 -9.2

16 541 Pharm products (excl medicaments) 71,766 72,716 66,501 -8.5 6.817 775 Household-type equipment, nes 36,415 53,580 61,183 14.2 21.618 778 Electrical machinery & parts, nes 33,335 42,479 49,442 16.4 -2.919 741 Heating & cooling equipment & parts 25,479 35,624 47,299 32.8 11.620 722 Tractors 37,714 37,680 45,637 21.1 8.1

Total merchandise imports 4,572,389 4,842,758 4,601,197 -5.0 -4.1

(a) Rank based on 2014-15. (b) May exclude selected confidential export and import commodities. Refer to the DFAT website (http://dfat.gov.au/about-us/publications/trade-investment/Pages/dfat-adjustments-to-abs-official-trade-data.aspx)for more information and a list of the commodities excluded.Based on ABS trade data on DFAT STARS database (ABS catalogue 5368.0) and unpublished ABS data.

TABLE 35: AUSTRALIA'S MERCHANDISE TRADE WITH FRANCE (a)(b)(A$'000)

- 89 -

% growth

2013-14 to 5 yearRank SITC Commodity 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2014-15 trend

Top 20 merchandise exports

1 951 Gold coin & legal tender coin 411,518 447,500 304,556 -31.9 6.82 289 Precious metal ores & conc (excl gold) 308,072 152,807 273,502 79.0 10.03 321 Coal 137,289 98,670 92,263 -6.5 -19.34 541 Pharm products (excl medicaments) 75,026 67,157 62,115 -7.5 18.15 222 Oil-seeds & oleaginous fruits, soft 104,024 205,383 61,183 -70.2 186.7

6 872 Medical instruments (incl veterinary) 56,698 60,680 58,833 -3.0 12.67 057 Fruit & nuts 18,730 41,033 46,764 14.0 12.78 874 Measuring & analysing instruments 58,380 32,365 43,908 35.7 -12.09 522 Inorganic chemical elements 28,236 34,688 43,335 24.9 11.3

10 287 Other ores & concentrates (c) 41,223 71,385 42,787 -40.1 28.1

11 897 Jewellery 50,059 50,083 38,466 -23.2 0.912 971 Gold 107,915 43,609 35,945 -17.6 20.113 792 Aircraft, spacecraft & parts 19,259 33,607 32,655 -2.8 16.214 112 Alcoholic beverages 23,801 23,346 24,929 6.8 -8.815 764 Telecom equipment & parts 16,065 22,053 24,669 11.9 6.8

16 731 Machine tools for removing metal 9,832 8,376 17,047 103.5 33.617 542 Medicaments (incl veterinary) 14,682 16,720 15,199 -9.1 -18.318 899 Misc manufactured articles, nes 14,219 13,061 15,163 16.1 32.719 641 Paper & paperboard 27,154 32,554 14,779 -54.6 6.820 778 Electrical machinery & parts, nes 8,485 9,247 13,476 45.7 7.3

Total merchandise exports 1,986,339 1,814,384 1,618,300 -10.8 -1.8

Top 20 merchandise imports

1 781 Passenger motor vehicles 2,256,950 2,750,292 2,842,975 3.4 4.42 542 Medicaments (incl veterinary) 900,705 1,140,796 1,132,969 -0.7 10.43 874 Measuring & analysing instruments 299,868 316,148 324,719 2.7 0.34 743 Pumps (excl liquid pumps) & parts 281,253 249,732 300,748 20.4 7.85 679 Tubes & pipes of iron or steel 52,137 46,735 280,415 500.0 46.8

6 541 Pharm products (excl medicaments) 193,856 189,591 237,453 25.2 13.07 744 Mechanical handling equip & parts 261,777 288,141 236,687 -17.9 11.48 728 Specialised machinery & parts 434,903 276,404 235,033 -15.0 -6.69 784 Vehicle parts & accessories 255,960 269,948 217,200 -19.5 -2.0

10 782 Goods vehicles 235,184 213,617 206,403 -3.4 -1.9

11 745 Non-electrical machinery & parts 151,815 198,573 199,593 0.5 4.412 872 Medical instruments (incl veterinary) 153,564 173,157 188,859 9.1 4.513 774 Medical electrodiagnostic apparatus 130,004 169,764 175,184 3.2 8.414 775 Household-type equipment, nes 169,017 184,822 170,441 -7.8 1.015 778 Electrical machinery & parts, nes 151,046 164,396 160,427 -2.4 0.5

16 764 Telecom equipment & parts 147,523 174,971 156,607 -10.5 9.317 723 Civil engineering equipment & parts 427,564 230,261 156,029 -32.2 -11.818 772 Electrical circuits equipment 152,686 174,867 147,672 -15.6 -1.819 748 Transmission shafts & parts 152,569 128,859 138,183 7.2 -3.820 598 Miscellaneous chemical products, nes 136,149 129,250 134,114 3.8 1.3

Total merchandise imports 10,918,720 12,288,174 11,958,259 -2.7 3.1

(a) Rank based on 2014-15. (b) May exclude selected confidential export and import commodities. Refer to the DFAT website (http://dfat.gov.au/about-us/publications/trade-investment/Pages/dfat-adjustments-to-abs-official-trade-data.aspx)for more information and a list of the commodities excluded. (c) Mainly Zinc ores & concentrates .Based on ABS trade data on DFAT STARS database (ABS catalogue 5368.0) and unpublished ABS data.

TABLE 36: AUSTRALIA'S MERCHANDISE TRADE WITH GERMANY (a)(b)(A$'000)

- 90 -

% growth

2013-14 to 5 yearRank SITC Commodity 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2014-15 trend

Top 20 merchandise exports

1 971 Gold 117,327 182,386 232,406 27.4 14.02 764 Telecom equipment & parts 197,758 279,737 218,421 -21.9 7.63 012 Meat (excl beef), f.c.f. 125,382 212,435 205,415 -3.3 15.74 057 Fruit & nuts 140,960 184,940 191,525 3.6 20.85 667 Pearls & gems 112,273 147,536 166,422 12.8 -7.1

6 098 Edible products & preparations, nes 36,631 52,045 161,644 210.6 56.77 036 Crustaceans, f.c.f. 246,266 147,580 142,357 -3.5 -21.68 112 Alcoholic beverages 86,720 105,611 140,433 33.0 19.99 011 Beef, f.c.f. 59,144 77,420 125,618 62.3 14.7

10 686 Zinc 108,573 135,549 120,139 -11.4 -2.4

11 759 Computer parts & accessories 32,785 39,211 80,907 106.3 34.712 553 Perfumery & cosmetics (excl soap) 32,775 56,636 61,455 8.5 20.013 542 Medicaments (incl veterinary) 98,363 91,752 52,473 -42.8 -12.214 001 Live animals (excl seafood) 30,261 29,550 45,620 54.4 7.215 022 Milk, cream, whey & yoghurt 46,537 49,110 45,054 -8.3 5.0

16 897 Jewellery 34,664 50,161 39,724 -20.8 8.917 752 Computers 21,849 42,271 39,269 -7.1 3.118 334 Refined petroleum 63,815 97,637 36,277 -62.8 -6.819 684 Aluminium 61,930 54,965 34,637 -37.0 -14.720 951 Gold coin & legal tender coin 49,774 29,199 34,132 16.9 -0.1

Total merchandise exports 2,452,463 2,806,883 3,051,367 8.7 -0.0

Top 20 merchandise imports

1 884 Optical goods, nes 87,746 124,978 149,125 19.3 31.22 764 Telecom equipment & parts 139,678 67,487 83,458 23.7 -6.33 892 Printed matter 65,581 71,129 74,533 4.8 -1.04 897 Jewellery 52,134 53,149 47,953 -9.8 -5.25 894 Prams, toys, games & sporting goods 31,974 33,848 41,709 23.2 3.6

6 667 Pearls & gems 44,350 41,184 39,378 -4.4 2.17 845 Other textile clothing 26,629 30,070 35,080 16.7 -1.08 098 Edible products & preparations, nes 22,858 28,777 33,665 17.0 7.59 893 Plastic articles, nes 33,204 31,589 32,572 3.1 2.3

10 778 Electrical machinery & parts, nes 24,777 27,981 31,967 14.2 7.5

11 885 Watches & clocks 27,841 26,885 30,550 13.6 4.312 851 Footwear 19,060 27,874 29,385 5.4 -1.513 831 Travel goods, bags & like containers 21,933 22,853 29,098 27.3 3.414 761 Monitors, projectors & TVs 11,836 10,064 27,916 177.4 -14.715 699 Manufactures of base metal, nes 25,836 25,169 25,938 3.1 0.2

16 772 Electrical circuits equipment 16,981 13,559 22,845 68.5 3.617 642 Paper & paperboard, cut to size 17,565 20,392 22,250 9.1 10.718 821 Furniture, mattresses & cushions 21,301 19,792 21,942 10.9 -0.119 842 Women's clothing (excl knitted) 20,965 25,228 21,000 -16.8 -1.220 752 Computers 39,199 15,618 18,693 19.7 -10.0

Total merchandise imports 1,246,154 1,204,063 1,231,569 2.3 1.9

(a) Rank based on 2014-15. (b) May exclude selected confidential export and import commodities. Refer to the DFAT website (http://dfat.gov.au/about-us/publications/trade-investment/Pages/dfat-adjustments-to-abs-official-trade-data.aspx)for more information and a list of the commodities excluded.Based on ABS trade data on DFAT STARS database (ABS catalogue 5368.0) and unpublished ABS data.

TABLE 37: AUSTRALIA'S MERCHANDISE TRADE WITH HONG KONG (SAR OF CHINA) (a)(b)(A$'000)

- 91 -

% growth

2013-14 to 5 yearRank SITC Commodity 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2014-15 trend

Top 20 merchandise exports

1 321 Coal 4,754,868 4,949,463 5,516,364 11.5 -4.02 971 Gold 2,978,925 240,259 903,310 276.0 -41.83 283 Copper ores & concentrates 1,109,630 945,016 818,038 -13.4 -8.64 054 Vegetables, f.c.f. 403,809 210,122 252,751 20.3 13.15 268 Wool & other animal hair (incl tops) 154,341 187,742 183,744 -2.1 0.8

6 057 Fruit & nuts 62,331 132,787 175,938 32.5 35.97 287 Other ores & concentrates (c) 219,726 175,752 142,885 -18.7 4.98 282 Ferrous waste & scrap 115,582 117,015 137,007 17.1 50.59 685 Lead 84,825 104,294 111,912 7.3 5.2

10 288 Non-ferrous waste & scrap 55,772 62,040 109,055 75.8 17.4

11 281 Iron ores & concentrates 47,317 40,871 108,810 166.2 ..12 041 Wheat 2,745 2,517 79,957 .. -14.913 533 Pigments, paints & varnishes 37,329 72,226 79,945 10.7 13.114 263 Cotton 35,280 23,001 51,663 124.6 53.215 684 Aluminium 31,124 28,470 46,430 63.1 8.5

16 542 Medicaments (incl veterinary) 25,631 30,944 38,280 23.7 21.517 284 Nickel ores & concentrates 17,496 12,185 31,493 158.5 ..18 641 Paper & paperboard 30,727 47,189 28,926 -38.7 37.319 325 Coke & semi-coke 146,022 41,142 27,351 -33.5 -7.820 686 Zinc 13,015 14,211 26,308 85.1 7.9

Total merchandise exports 11,416,344 8,354,364 9,759,749 16.8 -12.2

Top 20 merchandise imports

1 334 Refined petroleum 43,764 194,461 909,911 367.9 197.12 542 Medicaments (incl veterinary) 183,353 197,305 246,572 25.0 22.13 667 Pearls & gems 172,532 224,284 239,022 6.6 11.34 781 Passenger motor vehicles 179,775 234,367 170,036 -27.4 37.25 897 Jewellery 140,514 159,250 148,921 -6.5 8.2

6 658 Made-up textile articles, nes 113,156 125,470 145,922 16.3 15.27 515 Organo-inorganic compounds 78,438 88,389 87,091 -1.5 26.18 842 Women's clothing (excl knitted) 38,615 51,298 72,412 41.2 15.59 659 Floor coverings 48,960 57,086 70,673 23.8 9.6

10 845 Other textile clothing 34,409 44,633 56,681 27.0 17.6

11 042 Rice 31,017 43,150 56,235 30.3 21.212 716 Rotating electric plant & parts 7,657 27,038 50,431 86.5 -15.613 821 Furniture, mattresses & cushions 26,945 35,911 49,763 38.6 16.814 699 Manufactures of base metal, nes 43,705 43,797 47,900 9.4 4.615 831 Travel goods, bags & like containers 29,693 38,293 46,111 20.4 9.7

16 772 Electrical circuits equipment 41,162 43,398 43,811 1.0 7.317 625 Rubber tyres, treads & tubes 34,254 31,023 38,107 22.8 12.318 292 Crude vegetable matter, nes 50,643 32,414 37,490 15.7 17.119 333 Crude petroleum 0 33,553 33,661 0.3 ..20 851 Footwear 27,214 31,488 32,333 2.7 7.1

Total merchandise imports 2,384,610 2,858,778 3,804,798 33.1 13.8

(a) Rank based on 2014-15. (b) May exclude selected confidential export and import commodities. Refer to the DFAT website (http://dfat.gov.au/about-us/publications/trade-investment/Pages/dfat-adjustments-to-abs-official-trade-data.aspx)for more information and a list of the commodities excluded. (c) Mainly Manganese ores & concentrates and Lead ores & concentrates.Based on ABS trade data on DFAT STARS database (ABS catalogue 5368.0) and unpublished ABS data.

TABLE 38: AUSTRALIA'S MERCHANDISE TRADE WITH INDIA (a)(b)(A$'000)

- 92 -

% growth

2013-14 to 5 yearRank SITC Commodity 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2014-15 trend

Top 20 merchandise exports

1 041 Wheat 1,394,898 1,194,492 1,402,753 17.4 11.02 001 Live animals (excl seafood) 174,397 460,882 600,054 30.2 7.53 061 Sugars, molasses & honey 317,888 470,127 376,034 -20.0 2.04 321 Coal 5,412 132,666 252,885 .. 917.25 011 Beef, f.c.f. 136,958 257,700 247,156 -4.1 8.4

6 281 Iron ores & concentrates 0 110,204 213,280 93.5 ..7 022 Milk, cream, whey & yoghurt 100,687 181,734 189,249 4.1 13.48 684 Aluminium 272,019 230,987 156,552 -32.2 -9.89 263 Cotton 220,367 174,281 136,223 -21.8 -5.8

10 682 Copper 143,956 100,270 125,722 25.4 -3.7

11 081 Animal feed 120,252 103,363 99,060 -4.2 22.012 282 Ferrous waste & scrap 179,566 114,986 72,855 -36.6 4.113 728 Specialised machinery & parts 68,437 65,286 67,114 2.8 2.714 251 Pulp & waste paper 50,884 52,979 62,109 17.2 10.215 057 Fruit & nuts 44,215 48,772 59,286 21.6 16.0

16 686 Zinc 48,846 64,558 58,399 -9.5 7.317 575 Other primary plastics 33,224 41,652 50,792 21.9 38.018 012 Meat (excl beef), f.c.f. 15,957 34,458 47,204 37.0 0.719 694 Nails, screws, nuts, bolts & rivets 11,451 36,377 45,385 24.8 39.920 533 Pigments, paints & varnishes 39,228 47,908 43,610 -9.0 8.3

Total merchandise exports 4,881,496 5,619,319 5,628,376 0.2 5.0

Top 20 merchandise imports

1 333 Crude petroleum 2,385,975 2,087,718 1,439,942 -31.0 -9.12 728 Specialised machinery & parts 64,685 85,464 424,904 397.2 48.03 741 Heating & cooling equipment & parts 41,595 310,320 288,519 -7.0 98.84 248 Wood, simply worked 143,935 183,877 206,746 12.4 6.95 334 Refined petroleum 300,786 500,369 151,546 -69.7 25.4

6 691 Iron, steel, aluminium structures 361,492 390,979 147,991 -62.1 44.57 682 Copper 15,237 78,174 141,316 80.8 220.08 761 Monitors, projectors & TVs 107,875 72,411 131,255 81.3 -3.39 851 Footwear 75,037 89,551 123,955 38.4 24.1

10 625 Rubber tyres, treads & tubes 113,919 103,602 112,946 9.0 5.2

11 562 Fertilisers (excl crude) 62,277 147,999 103,713 -29.9 81.012 821 Furniture, mattresses & cushions 70,332 73,970 83,385 12.7 3.113 641 Paper & paperboard 67,905 53,323 81,173 52.2 -6.014 642 Paper & paperboard, cut to size 41,846 42,248 65,539 55.1 7.215 679 Tubes & pipes of iron or steel 60,071 109,817 62,719 -42.9 55.4

16 072 Cocoa 29,725 45,519 58,620 28.8 6.417 582 Plastic plates, sheets & film 29,951 38,437 51,599 34.2 10.818 841 Men's clothing (excl knitted) 30,362 36,673 48,640 32.6 21.719 845 Other textile clothing 31,113 45,591 48,357 6.1 23.020 598 Miscellaneous chemical products, nes 22,846 106,993 48,254 -54.9 55.3

Total merchandise imports 5,997,665 6,464,698 5,340,442 -17.4 2.8

(a) Rank based on 2014-15. (b) May exclude selected confidential export and import commodities. Refer to the DFAT website (http://dfat.gov.au/about-us/publications/trade-investment/Pages/dfat-adjustments-to-abs-official-trade-data.aspx)for more information and a list of the commodities excluded.Based on ABS trade data on DFAT STARS database (ABS catalogue 5368.0) and unpublished ABS data.

TABLE 39: AUSTRALIA'S MERCHANDISE TRADE WITH INDONESIA (a)(b)(A$'000)

- 93 -

% growth

2013-14 to 5 yearRank SITC Commodity 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2014-15 trend

Top 20 merchandise exports

1 542 Medicaments (incl veterinary) 23,066 20,657 17,173 -16.9 -6.82 112 Alcoholic beverages 16,556 12,374 9,003 -27.2 -26.53 581 Plastic tubes, pipes & hoses 1,472 2,681 2,590 -3.4 294.74 061 Sugars, molasses & honey 2,784 2,152 2,402 11.6 34.05 872 Medical instruments (incl veterinary) 4,257 1,629 2,370 45.5 -32.0

6 513 Carboxylic acids & derivatives 0 0 2,018 .. ..7 896 Artwork & antiques 15 21 1,132 .. 25.88 764 Telecom equipment & parts 615 662 1,104 66.6 -10.99 752 Computers 167 1,035 963 -7.0 -20.6

10 728 Specialised machinery & parts 620 631 949 50.4 22.8

11 874 Measuring & analysing instruments 1,000 792 930 17.3 19.912 641 Paper & paperboard 314 334 880 163.7 95.913 778 Electrical machinery & parts, nes 1,067 875 789 -9.8 -44.314 747 Taps, cocks & valves 123 19 773 .. 23.215 553 Perfumery & cosmetics (excl soap) 747 847 762 -10.1 1.3

16 598 Miscellaneous chemical products, nes 648 504 695 37.9 -38.917 781 Passenger motor vehicles 78 672 694 3.3 14.818 759 Computer parts & accessories 221 653 669 2.6 -43.119 723 Civil engineering equipment & parts 157 512 659 28.8 61.820 012 Meat (excl beef), f.c.f. 1,855 1,945 638 -67.2 -23.8

Total merchandise exports 73,546 62,334 54,960 -11.8 -16.0

Top 20 merchandise imports

1 542 Medicaments (incl veterinary) 349,513 343,166 432,671 26.1 -20.02 899 Misc manufactured articles, nes 241,178 258,084 301,064 16.7 15.53 541 Pharm products (excl medicaments) 204,976 197,270 270,674 37.2 22.24 515 Organo-inorganic compounds 125,050 162,372 160,754 -1.0 7.85 752 Computers 153,502 127,023 123,106 -3.1 -4.3

6 872 Medical instruments (incl veterinary) 105,568 106,090 104,613 -1.4 -1.37 744 Mechanical handling equip & parts 22,500 19,298 98,347 409.6 48.08 112 Alcoholic beverages 46,076 56,511 48,302 -14.5 -0.19 874 Measuring & analysing instruments 19,209 18,221 25,901 42.2 33.6

10 553 Perfumery & cosmetics (excl soap) 15,521 14,315 19,542 36.5 -0.8

11 884 Optical goods, nes 14,072 13,396 16,388 22.3 -12.912 764 Telecom equipment & parts 5,010 9,910 16,111 62.6 23.713 012 Meat (excl beef), f.c.f. 220 8,753 15,247 74.2 ..14 122 Tobacco, manufactured 19,979 14,112 13,687 -3.0 -8.215 898 Musical instruments & parts 5,869 7,360 11,051 50.2 -12.0

16 741 Heating & cooling equipment & parts 5,015 7,552 9,751 29.1 10.417 098 Edible products & preparations, nes 17,877 15,545 9,394 -39.6 -55.018 778 Electrical machinery & parts, nes 6,036 7,088 9,162 29.3 12.919 074 Tea & mate 11,388 9,943 9,102 -8.5 -2.220 048 Cereal preparations 4,159 9,132 8,097 -11.3 235.0

Total merchandise imports 1,501,473 1,534,663 1,822,865 18.8 -6.8

(a) Rank based on 2014-15. (b) May exclude selected confidential export and import commodities. Refer to the DFAT website (http://dfat.gov.au/about-us/publications/trade-investment/Pages/dfat-adjustments-to-abs-official-trade-data.aspx)for more information and a list of the commodities excluded.Based on ABS trade data on DFAT STARS database (ABS catalogue 5368.0) and unpublished ABS data.

TABLE 40: AUSTRALIA'S MERCHANDISE TRADE WITH IRELAND (a)(b)(A$'000)

- 94 -

% growth

2013-14 to 5 yearRank SITC Commodity 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2014-15 trend

Top 20 merchandise exports

1 268 Wool & other animal hair (incl tops) 139,367 151,171 143,099 -5.3 6.22 321 Coal 202,118 96,250 90,152 -6.3 -27.33 011 Beef, f.c.f. 28,502 51,081 61,682 20.8 34.74 041 Wheat 82,751 45,820 60,252 31.5 -5.25 611 Leather 50,084 60,748 54,127 -10.9 -1.4

6 057 Fruit & nuts 14,525 38,546 31,935 -17.2 51.07 673 Uncoated flat-rolled iron & steel 14,969 0 31,612 .. ..8 112 Alcoholic beverages 946 10,260 26,317 156.5 108.79 211 Hides & skins, raw (excl furskins) 17,246 22,138 15,799 -28.6 -6.3

10 792 Aircraft, spacecraft & parts 5,053 5,698 9,122 60.1 9.3

11 641 Paper & paperboard 10,165 18,538 8,462 -54.4 ..12 764 Telecom equipment & parts 4,389 5,424 8,431 55.4 -28.813 684 Aluminium 41 163 8,110 .. 136.314 874 Measuring & analysing instruments 4,545 8,162 6,986 -14.4 -3.615 421 Fixed vegetable oils & fats, soft 1,530 9,485 6,391 -32.6 -3.4

16 682 Copper 0 5 5,934 .. -11.817 292 Crude vegetable matter, nes 2,318 4,896 5,774 17.9 16.018 513 Carboxylic acids & derivatives 6,214 5,806 5,053 -13.0 27.919 522 Inorganic chemical elements 4,098 5,587 4,869 -12.9 20.220 772 Electrical circuits equipment 1,936 1,813 4,181 130.7 4.8

Total merchandise exports 718,073 686,007 715,265 4.3 -10.1

Top 20 merchandise imports

1 743 Pumps (excl liquid pumps) & parts 513,974 390,684 530,603 35.8 39.92 542 Medicaments (incl veterinary) 593,259 490,816 271,151 -44.8 -7.73 714 Non-electric engines & motors 102,575 193,775 203,974 5.3 41.54 741 Heating & cooling equipment & parts 125,849 178,862 177,030 -1.0 9.55 781 Passenger motor vehicles 148,908 138,129 171,391 24.1 12.3

6 747 Taps, cocks & valves 167,305 169,316 168,438 -0.5 17.17 716 Rotating electric plant & parts 255,886 330,852 146,006 -55.9 66.68 744 Mechanical handling equip & parts 125,069 142,913 145,822 2.0 8.59 775 Household-type equipment, nes 108,234 144,595 141,580 -2.1 -0.6

10 728 Specialised machinery & parts 102,179 129,109 134,526 4.2 4.2

11 821 Furniture, mattresses & cushions 93,584 118,398 129,217 9.1 4.112 831 Travel goods, bags & like containers 75,053 101,296 126,989 25.4 25.913 745 Non-electrical machinery & parts 104,494 139,917 126,935 -9.3 6.314 897 Jewellery 82,341 100,608 119,248 18.5 3.115 056 Vegetables, prepared or preserved 91,698 114,116 118,213 3.6 6.5

16 541 Pharm products (excl medicaments) 86,413 112,232 117,404 4.6 11.817 851 Footwear 87,193 106,933 112,397 5.1 8.418 884 Optical goods, nes 91,319 97,492 109,205 12.0 3.619 112 Alcoholic beverages 61,279 77,600 86,346 11.3 9.820 662 Clay construction materials 49,225 78,495 83,504 6.4 14.6

Total merchandise imports 5,510,231 6,018,996 5,983,323 -0.6 5.3

(a) Rank based on 2014-15. (b) May exclude selected confidential export and import commodities. Refer to the DFAT website (http://dfat.gov.au/about-us/publications/trade-investment/Pages/dfat-adjustments-to-abs-official-trade-data.aspx)for more information and a list of the commodities excluded.Based on ABS trade data on DFAT STARS database (ABS catalogue 5368.0) and unpublished ABS data.

TABLE 41: AUSTRALIA'S MERCHANDISE TRADE WITH ITALY (a)(b)(A$'000)

- 95 -

% growth

2013-14 to 5 yearRank SITC Commodity 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2014-15 trend

Top 20 merchandise exports

1 321 Coal 13,690,169 13,170,142 11,713,729 -11.1 -3.42 281 Iron ores & concentrates 8,615,279 9,664,262 6,693,994 -30.7 0.33 011 Beef, f.c.f. 1,466,341 1,439,146 1,857,998 29.1 -0.34 283 Copper ores & concentrates 1,614,873 1,323,709 1,705,436 28.8 6.05 684 Aluminium 1,008,649 1,117,320 1,460,559 30.7 -1.2

6 342 Liquefied propane & butane 675,150 746,615 482,870 -35.3 -5.67 024 Cheese & curd 414,805 343,167 407,367 .. ..8 287 Other ores & concentrates (c) 435,503 407,800 358,303 -12.1 -4.79 041 Wheat 388,530 319,032 304,956 -4.4 -1.8

10 246 Wood in chips or particles 370,170 18 294,359 .. -65.3

11 012 Meat (excl beef), f.c.f. 247,020 274,623 292,304 6.4 2.412 682 Copper 4,509 304,448 275,821 -9.4 72.313 081 Animal feed 483,503 276,483 259,668 -6.1 -8.014 222 Oil-seeds & oleaginous fruits, soft 108,380 145,125 198,438 36.7 13.315 061 Sugars, molasses & honey 199,256 245,320 159,985 -34.8 -0.7

16 034 Fish, f.c.f. 174,795 137,815 150,117 8.9 1.317 289 Precious metal ores & conc (excl gold) 143,215 96,123 145,529 51.4 9.118 522 Inorganic chemical elements 91,106 106,387 110,586 3.9 9.319 043 Barley (d) 243,637 206,965 109,168 -47.3 -8.920 325 Coke & semi-coke 106,594 128,717 89,715 -30.3 32.4

Total merchandise exports 46,522,459 49,026,119 44,502,677 -9.2 2.7

Top 20 merchandise imports

1 781 Passenger motor vehicles 6,824,675 6,119,747 6,100,959 -0.3 -1.82 334 Refined petroleum 2,094,811 3,426,109 3,059,515 -10.7 24.03 679 Tubes & pipes of iron or steel 649,674 802,035 1,340,140 67.1 35.34 782 Goods vehicles 1,345,399 1,265,737 1,226,532 -3.1 -0.95 625 Rubber tyres, treads & tubes 716,963 621,230 538,814 -13.3 -0.5

6 723 Civil engineering equipment & parts 707,799 481,541 469,706 -2.5 -5.77 751 Office machines 376,462 422,093 411,153 -2.6 -1.38 784 Vehicle parts & accessories 439,681 372,462 369,805 -0.7 -4.79 971 Gold 457,785 350,448 293,026 -16.4 238.0

10 778 Electrical machinery & parts, nes 225,210 226,776 221,577 -2.3 -2.4

11 741 Heating & cooling equipment & parts 193,690 238,605 210,932 -11.6 -0.912 713 Internal combustion piston engines 268,151 200,794 200,916 0.1 -3.713 764 Telecom equipment & parts 224,959 188,662 175,682 -6.9 -12.714 785 Motorcycles & cycles 164,999 185,494 173,847 -6.3 -9.815 743 Pumps (excl liquid pumps) & parts 140,150 129,026 170,218 31.9 -3.5

16 783 Road motor vehicles, nes 149,285 115,171 168,056 45.9 3.617 744 Mechanical handling equip & parts 178,389 166,278 136,357 -18.0 -10.418 874 Measuring & analysing instruments 130,480 128,767 132,252 2.7 0.719 872 Medical instruments (incl veterinary) 94,034 99,667 110,521 10.9 5.620 898 Musical instruments & parts 86,861 102,758 103,946 1.2 -12.9

Total merchandise imports 18,344,130 18,484,135 18,300,975 -1.0 1.0

(a) Rank based on 2014-15. (b) May exclude selected confidential export and import commodities. Refer to the DFAT website (http://dfat.gov.au/about-us/publications/trade-investment/Pages/dfat-adjustments-to-abs-official-trade-data.aspx)for more information and a list of the commodities excluded. (c) Mainly Lead ores & concentrates and Zinc ores & concentrates .(d) Only includes data up to March 2015.Based on ABS trade data on DFAT STARS database (ABS catalogue 5368.0) and unpublished ABS data.

TABLE 42: AUSTRALIA'S MERCHANDISE TRADE WITH JAPAN (a)(b)(A$'000)

- 96 -

% growth

2013-14 to 5 yearRank SITC Commodity 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2014-15 trend

Top 20 merchandise exports

1 321 Coal 271,170 344,471 617,166 79.2 23.12 682 Copper 680,771 616,141 518,458 -15.9 7.63 683 Nickel 550,490 509,302 461,294 -9.4 686.74 041 Wheat 270,455 318,305 293,259 -7.9 7.15 684 Aluminium 162,796 206,366 177,369 -14.1 -5.6

6 012 Meat (excl beef), f.c.f. 70,276 124,029 149,545 20.6 18.67 685 Lead 41,828 57,860 110,470 90.9 3.88 278 Crude minerals, nes 11,526 56,905 109,688 92.8 91.29 287 Other ores & concentrates (c) 122,752 141,825 108,282 -23.7 9.6

10 061 Sugars, molasses & honey 160,796 113,536 108,235 -4.7 -12.0

11 022 Milk, cream, whey & yoghurt 79,248 101,894 103,192 1.3 22.812 334 Refined petroleum 90,635 180,788 93,434 -48.3 59.613 011 Beef, f.c.f. 66,081 70,936 80,520 13.5 14.914 282 Ferrous waste & scrap 97,469 105,713 70,961 -32.9 -8.115 533 Pigments, paints & varnishes 50,656 61,966 66,135 6.7 50.6

16 268 Wool & other animal hair (incl tops) 32,335 59,099 64,737 9.5 35.817 001 Live animals (excl seafood) 39,530 53,503 62,961 17.7 21.918 542 Medicaments (incl veterinary) 130,614 122,909 56,366 -54.1 -16.819 686 Zinc 30,062 43,648 52,360 20.0 -6.620 098 Edible products & preparations, nes 58,583 61,405 49,001 -20.2 2.6

Total merchandise exports 5,194,530 5,471,755 6,054,013 10.6 12.8

Top 20 merchandise imports

1 333 Crude petroleum 3,795,461 4,903,707 3,575,433 -27.1 5.62 334 Refined petroleum 338,135 756,200 814,901 7.8 39.93 761 Monitors, projectors & TVs 514,653 401,848 481,720 19.9 -14.74 752 Computers 499,095 457,391 464,517 1.6 -10.55 764 Telecom equipment & parts 307,487 345,825 364,992 5.5 7.2

6 776 Electronic integrated circuits 113,047 161,500 301,539 86.7 4.87 821 Furniture, mattresses & cushions 172,431 191,893 201,201 4.9 2.08 775 Household-type equipment, nes 114,372 162,106 190,239 17.4 13.09 741 Heating & cooling equipment & parts 89,257 95,929 184,632 92.5 14.5

10 682 Copper 47,036 116,514 169,725 45.7 58.9

11 582 Plastic plates, sheets & film 112,623 148,039 160,861 8.7 12.412 893 Plastic articles, nes 95,156 125,487 140,433 11.9 15.913 422 Fixed vegetable oils & fats, hard 114,467 111,498 128,375 15.1 -3.914 728 Specialised machinery & parts 58,482 72,274 109,298 51.2 23.715 751 Office machines 98,404 134,143 101,653 -24.2 4.8

16 872 Medical instruments (incl veterinary) 30,221 45,253 90,572 100.1 34.917 743 Pumps (excl liquid pumps) & parts 58,713 37,564 88,581 135.8 21.418 421 Fixed vegetable oils & fats, soft 49,995 67,304 84,170 25.1 13.919 744 Mechanical handling equip & parts 22,200 25,110 84,129 235.0 34.820 848 Clothing accessories, nes 76,622 84,709 82,943 -2.1 4.6

Total merchandise imports 8,936,489 11,165,084 10,386,430 -7.0 4.9

(a) Rank based on 2014-15. (b) May exclude selected confidential export and import commodities. Refer to the DFAT website (http://dfat.gov.au/about-us/publications/trade-investment/Pages/dfat-adjustments-to-abs-official-trade-data.aspx)for more information and a list of the commodities excluded. (c) Mainly Tin ores & concentrates .Based on ABS trade data on DFAT STARS database (ABS catalogue 5368.0) and unpublished ABS data.

TABLE 43: AUSTRALIA'S MERCHANDISE TRADE WITH MALAYSIA (a)(b)(A$'000)

- 97 -

% growth

2013-14 to 5 yearRank SITC Commodity 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2014-15 trend

Top 20 merchandise exports

1 321 Coal 972,214 1,003,748 851,012 -15.2 3.32 287 Other ores & concentrates (c) 208,926 79,925 268,753 236.3 -3.53 872 Medical instruments (incl veterinary) 112,223 151,363 240,887 59.1 32.24 222 Oil-seeds & oleaginous fruits, soft 352,327 77,910 126,604 62.5 87.55 112 Alcoholic beverages 82,205 79,452 74,159 -6.7 -1.2

6 011 Beef, f.c.f. 27,758 43,129 66,838 55.0 47.77 541 Pharm products (excl medicaments) 3,229 11,080 34,123 208.0 30.38 542 Medicaments (incl veterinary) 94,587 53,388 31,898 -40.3 -32.59 292 Crude vegetable matter, nes 20,081 22,241 26,338 18.4 10.1

10 081 Animal feed 24,002 28,773 25,749 -10.5 26.3

11 057 Fruit & nuts 17,282 27,759 23,998 -13.5 26.612 891 Arms & ammunition 187 700 19,642 .. -18.113 522 Inorganic chemical elements 16,058 21,066 19,144 -9.1 3.714 533 Pigments, paints & varnishes 633 12,191 17,357 42.4 114.715 764 Telecom equipment & parts 8,127 23,571 16,245 -31.1 28.6

16 683 Nickel 17,057 25,167 16,058 -36.2 ..17 772 Electrical circuits equipment 5,088 7,956 14,592 83.4 50.618 874 Measuring & analysing instruments 8,980 10,596 13,866 30.9 -10.919 723 Civil engineering equipment & parts 7,176 11,987 13,065 9.0 13.020 792 Aircraft, spacecraft & parts 7,285 10,504 9,347 -11.0 22.0

Total merchandise exports 2,484,819 2,179,927 2,362,492 8.4 -1.8

Top 20 merchandise imports

1 542 Medicaments (incl veterinary) 195,549 106,084 176,887 66.7 -3.22 541 Pharm products (excl medicaments) 84,965 109,716 118,808 8.3 16.33 744 Mechanical handling equip & parts 79,060 121,406 97,718 -19.5 25.24 071 Coffee & substitutes 67,396 72,947 86,992 19.3 8.15 012 Meat (excl beef), f.c.f. 59,158 42,670 68,161 59.7 ..

6 122 Tobacco, manufactured 44,716 52,557 56,117 6.8 21.67 874 Measuring & analysing instruments 36,841 39,802 49,564 24.5 9.28 098 Edible products & preparations, nes 30,822 34,205 45,778 33.8 13.39 056 Vegetables, prepared or preserved 27,671 25,518 43,775 71.5 19.4

10 112 Alcoholic beverages 36,311 40,893 41,957 2.6 7.5

11 728 Specialised machinery & parts 17,981 20,444 38,813 89.9 14.512 727 Food processing machines & parts 30,311 23,995 38,759 61.5 9.913 764 Telecom equipment & parts 23,335 18,877 38,200 102.4 9.014 793 Ships & boats (incl hovercraft) 79,633 3,536 34,654 880.1 42.215 292 Crude vegetable matter, nes 31,101 34,165 34,275 0.3 -2.5

16 513 Carboxylic acids & derivatives 19,219 31,093 32,194 3.5 13.117 721 Agric machinery (excl tractors) & parts 25,231 29,134 30,353 4.2 6.618 774 Medical electrodiagnostic apparatus 24,966 23,966 29,954 25.0 -0.319 745 Non-electrical machinery & parts 18,629 22,965 28,768 25.3 7.220 893 Plastic articles, nes 20,179 26,382 26,157 -0.9 6.6

Total merchandise imports 1,770,406 1,902,612 2,043,990 7.4 8.9

(a) Rank based on 2014-15. (b) May exclude selected confidential export and import commodities. Refer to the DFAT website (http://dfat.gov.au/about-us/publications/trade-investment/Pages/dfat-adjustments-to-abs-official-trade-data.aspx)for more information and a list of the commodities excluded. (c) Mainly Zinc ores & concentrates .Based on ABS trade data on DFAT STARS database (ABS catalogue 5368.0) and unpublished ABS data.

TABLE 44: AUSTRALIA'S MERCHANDISE TRADE WITH NETHERLANDS (a)(b)(A$'000)

- 98 -

% growth

2013-14 to 5 yearRank SITC Commodity 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2014-15 trend

Top 20 merchandise exports

1 759 Computer parts & accessories 257,082 295,146 289,573 -1.9 -0.92 781 Passenger motor vehicles 227,765 305,277 275,275 -9.8 4.33 542 Medicaments (incl veterinary) 244,129 247,411 245,933 -0.6 -8.04 872 Medical instruments (incl veterinary) 184,762 203,246 225,073 10.7 9.15 752 Computers 149,520 177,644 220,056 23.9 14.2

6 098 Edible products & preparations, nes 232,368 201,914 212,033 5.0 4.77 333 Crude petroleum 158,697 0 184,573 .. ..8 764 Telecom equipment & parts 105,270 100,462 177,998 77.2 15.09 041 Wheat 132,719 165,984 174,897 5.4 15.7

10 641 Paper & paperboard 159,605 166,079 167,786 1.0 0.4

11 553 Perfumery & cosmetics (excl soap) 146,028 147,671 157,249 6.5 1.312 048 Cereal preparations 141,670 140,813 154,704 9.9 -0.813 892 Printed matter 144,231 162,370 149,060 -8.2 -7.414 081 Animal feed 135,870 165,116 133,926 -18.9 6.615 893 Plastic articles, nes 97,094 103,938 119,644 15.1 2.7

16 073 Chocolate & preparations of cocoa 102,891 118,483 117,646 -0.7 1.717 699 Manufactures of base metal, nes 97,997 98,936 117,497 18.8 -0.218 784 Vehicle parts & accessories 101,542 110,606 111,552 0.9 5.619 112 Alcoholic beverages 110,333 108,470 104,585 -3.6 -0.820 894 Prams, toys, games & sporting goods 79,118 76,737 94,107 22.6 -7.2

Total merchandise exports 7,315,274 7,662,815 8,299,264 8.3 0.3

Top 20 merchandise imports

1 333 Crude petroleum 1,309,467 1,297,015 1,103,593 -14.9 -5.32 971 Gold 622,967 593,118 577,807 -2.6 2.03 122 Tobacco, manufactured 80,387 407,456 467,241 14.7 98.74 098 Edible products & preparations, nes 353,092 372,662 463,883 24.5 14.45 112 Alcoholic beverages 354,991 396,086 380,442 -3.9 4.8

6 024 Cheese & curd 172,193 206,363 225,427 9.2 -0.57 248 Wood, simply worked 183,636 200,617 203,993 1.7 0.78 048 Cereal preparations 160,134 166,860 169,307 1.5 8.19 057 Fruit & nuts 81,193 136,315 151,813 11.4 11.7

10 893 Plastic articles, nes 150,629 155,972 151,519 -2.9 2.7

11 034 Fish, f.c.f. 137,559 144,603 140,254 -3.0 1.512 641 Paper & paperboard 117,655 116,059 115,509 -0.5 -15.313 056 Vegetables, prepared or preserved 97,153 121,226 111,973 -7.6 12.714 741 Heating & cooling equipment & parts 109,525 98,288 109,556 11.5 -1.415 073 Chocolate & preparations of cocoa 84,531 105,846 104,980 -0.8 11.7

16 659 Floor coverings 93,797 106,927 104,158 -2.6 5.817 635 Wood manufactures, nes 64,270 76,090 92,063 21.0 10.718 022 Milk, cream, whey & yoghurt 76,923 101,335 92,051 -9.2 -0.119 542 Medicaments (incl veterinary) 107,187 104,849 91,097 -13.1 9.220 111 Non-alcoholic beverages, nes 93,917 95,548 90,092 -5.7 7.3

Total merchandise imports 7,090,140 7,859,675 7,777,010 -1.1 1.9

(a) Rank based on 2014-15. (b) May exclude selected confidential export and import commodities. Refer to the DFAT website (http://dfat.gov.au/about-us/publications/trade-investment/Pages/dfat-adjustments-to-abs-official-trade-data.aspx)for more information and a list of the commodities excluded.Based on ABS trade data on DFAT STARS database (ABS catalogue 5368.0) and unpublished ABS data.

TABLE 45: AUSTRALIA'S MERCHANDISE TRADE WITH NEW ZEALAND (a)(b)(A$'000)

- 99 -

% growth

2013-14 to 5 yearRank SITC Commodity 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2014-15 trend

Top 20 merchandise exports

1 333 Crude petroleum 574,437 540,404 193,018 -64.3 -7.92 723 Civil engineering equipment & parts 240,531 136,895 106,799 -22.0 1.33 012 Meat (excl beef), f.c.f. 92,959 95,275 103,203 8.3 16.24 041 Wheat 55,106 60,100 70,276 16.9 9.45 728 Specialised machinery & parts 60,430 54,581 61,896 13.4 -5.4

6 784 Vehicle parts & accessories 72,089 50,252 57,434 14.3 1.57 718 Power generating machinery & parts 45,871 51,489 48,799 -5.2 17.58 744 Mechanical handling equip & parts 49,483 47,222 35,358 -25.1 -0.59 742 Pumps for liquids & parts 37,161 30,361 32,355 6.6 1.6

10 081 Animal feed 32,596 32,108 28,428 -11.5 7.8

11 695 Hand or machine tools 21,706 25,192 28,141 11.7 8.712 699 Manufactures of base metal, nes 41,403 25,127 28,038 11.6 -11.613 811 Prefabricated buildings 44,679 15,765 27,796 76.3 10.314 772 Electrical circuits equipment 54,618 32,812 26,107 -20.4 6.315 874 Measuring & analysing instruments 27,350 20,140 24,503 21.7 7.1

16 098 Edible products & preparations, nes 16,832 20,623 23,436 13.6 11.117 743 Pumps (excl liquid pumps) & parts 21,024 19,284 23,311 20.9 0.318 759 Computer parts & accessories 29,307 26,141 23,196 -11.3 -5.319 751 Office machines 11,757 21,415 23,025 7.5 23.420 747 Taps, cocks & valves 22,329 23,859 22,835 -4.3 8.6

Total merchandise exports 2,757,312 2,442,836 2,002,802 -18.0 1.4

Top 20 merchandise imports

1 971 Gold 1,923,848 1,893,928 1,996,382 5.4 -1.12 333 Crude petroleum 669,173 1,120,208 980,899 -12.4 1.93 681 Silver & platinum 322,267 351,084 323,664 -7.8 112.74 284 Nickel ores & concentrates 0 0 31,954 .. ..5 071 Coffee & substitutes 30,790 27,589 30,806 11.7 -8.9

6 634 Veneers, plywood & particle board 6,630 6,848 6,951 1.5 13.87 081 Animal feed 3,460 4,021 6,733 67.5 0.48 036 Crustaceans, f.c.f. 2,118 2,585 4,114 59.2 6.89 288 Non-ferrous waste & scrap 2,344 3,105 3,977 28.1 -6.3

10 248 Wood, simply worked 2,856 1,665 1,981 19.0 -20.2

11 723 Civil engineering equipment & parts 4,062 4,262 1,774 -58.4 18.912 075 Spices 1,475 1,379 1,769 28.3 14.013 422 Fixed vegetable oils & fats, hard 793 1,040 1,325 27.4 94.814 874 Measuring & analysing instruments 600 715 1,149 60.6 1.715 784 Vehicle parts & accessories 5,084 2,743 891 -67.5 72.3

16 793 Ships & boats (incl hovercraft) 1,796 171 839 391.7 34.617 334 Refined petroleum 563 13,818 561 -95.9 -43.518 282 Ferrous waste & scrap 184 479 380 -20.7 -19.219 713 Internal combustion piston engines 4,727 1,126 320 -71.6 -6.720 792 Aircraft, spacecraft & parts 13 189 312 64.8 73.9

Total merchandise imports 3,004,029 3,455,668 3,402,129 -1.5 1.7

(a) Rank based on 2014-15. (b) May exclude selected confidential export and import commodities. Refer to the DFAT website (http://dfat.gov.au/about-us/publications/trade-investment/Pages/dfat-adjustments-to-abs-official-trade-data.aspx)for more information and a list of the commodities excluded.Based on ABS trade data on DFAT STARS database (ABS catalogue 5368.0) and unpublished ABS data.

TABLE 46: AUSTRALIA'S MERCHANDISE TRADE WITH PAPUA NEW GUINEA (a)(b)(A$'000)

- 100 -

% growth

2013-14 to 5 yearRank SITC Commodity 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2014-15 trend

Top 20 merchandise exports

1 283 Copper ores & concentrates 140,617 284,967 256,735 -9.9 17.22 289 Precious metal ores & conc (excl gold) 276,490 230,902 239,007 3.5 29.33 041 Wheat 279,153 112,962 225,007 99.2 28.84 011 Beef, f.c.f. 94,374 111,305 151,976 36.5 20.65 022 Milk, cream, whey & yoghurt 59,358 73,309 75,779 3.4 2.3

6 542 Medicaments (incl veterinary) 97,027 83,835 47,083 -43.8 -13.27 641 Paper & paperboard 29,074 34,330 45,376 32.2 8.88 321 Coal 43,945 21,432 42,804 99.7 207.29 533 Pigments, paints & varnishes 35,612 39,805 41,978 5.5 3.1

10 012 Meat (excl beef), f.c.f. 17,715 23,211 26,475 14.1 17.5

11 792 Aircraft, spacecraft & parts 11,115 17,939 26,310 46.7 38.712 761 Monitors, projectors & TVs 552 193 23,357 .. 60.713 001 Live animals (excl seafood) 24,693 14,462 22,364 54.6 16.514 098 Edible products & preparations, nes 25,828 23,809 21,405 -10.1 8.115 024 Cheese & curd 14,399 14,601 20,994 43.8 3.0

16 081 Animal feed 13,399 15,525 18,527 19.3 15.017 048 Cereal preparations 46,015 23,242 16,013 -31.1 -18.718 342 Liquefied propane & butane 0 0 15,085 .. ..19 894 Prams, toys, games & sporting goods 21,158 25,763 14,428 -44.0 10.420 057 Fruit & nuts 597 4,070 13,240 225.3 181.0

Total merchandise exports 1,680,773 1,551,120 1,653,954 6.6 6.8

Top 20 merchandise imports

1 741 Heating & cooling equipment & parts 696 220,294 189,808 -13.8 365.92 778 Electrical machinery & parts, nes 43,893 60,339 79,061 31.0 10.53 743 Pumps (excl liquid pumps) & parts 3,554 45,177 50,531 11.9 90.64 744 Mechanical handling equip & parts 20,456 245,341 46,018 -81.2 589.05 281 Iron ores & concentrates 26,366 8,706 42,217 384.9 5.3

6 752 Computers 24,695 35,917 40,824 13.7 24.37 971 Gold 0 23,901 34,088 42.6 ..8 771 Electric power machinery & parts 21,066 20,882 27,510 31.7 17.19 057 Fruit & nuts 11,782 16,197 24,844 53.4 16.0

10 691 Iron, steel, aluminium structures 2,279 1,286 23,699 .. 58.8

11 776 Electronic integrated circuits 17,132 18,916 21,906 15.8 5.112 764 Telecom equipment & parts 11,106 14,175 14,425 1.8 -6.113 058 Fruit, prepared or preserved 7,308 9,373 13,384 42.8 14.114 553 Perfumery & cosmetics (excl soap) 10,604 9,888 13,183 33.3 -6.115 098 Edible products & preparations, nes 4,514 10,519 12,790 21.6 33.4

16 761 Monitors, projectors & TVs 36,033 25,794 10,965 -57.5 84.017 699 Manufactures of base metal, nes 6,470 9,232 10,639 15.2 48.318 665 Glassware 11,155 9,091 10,604 16.6 -3.819 625 Rubber tyres, treads & tubes 10,866 12,299 10,359 -15.8 0.220 554 Soap & cleansers 7,337 9,617 10,320 7.3 43.9

Total merchandise imports 531,410 1,053,818 937,360 -11.1 19.8

(a) Rank based on 2014-15. (b) May exclude selected confidential export and import commodities. Refer to the DFAT website (http://dfat.gov.au/about-us/publications/trade-investment/Pages/dfat-adjustments-to-abs-official-trade-data.aspx)for more information and a list of the commodities excluded.Based on ABS trade data on DFAT STARS database (ABS catalogue 5368.0) and unpublished ABS data.

TABLE 47: AUSTRALIA'S MERCHANDISE TRADE WITH PHILIPPINES (a)(b)(A$'000)

- 101 -

% growth

2013-14 to 5 yearRank SITC Commodity 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2014-15 trend

Top 20 merchandise exports

1 321 Coal 5,088,903 5,216,208 5,049,559 -3.2 0.42 281 Iron ores & concentrates 4,927,424 6,097,497 4,047,074 -33.6 4.33 011 Beef, f.c.f. 703,366 892,277 1,067,630 19.7 10.94 684 Aluminium 681,251 685,225 772,420 12.7 -1.85 287 Other ores & concentrates (c) 788,270 690,237 721,027 4.5 -1.3

6 061 Sugars, molasses & honey 476,803 310,623 531,948 .. ..7 289 Precious metal ores & conc (excl gold) 321,721 317,492 465,167 46.5 21.88 283 Copper ores & concentrates 438,046 583,439 358,351 -38.6 -13.19 041 Wheat 448,565 309,357 352,250 13.9 4.5

10 542 Medicaments (incl veterinary) 542,095 574,295 330,979 -42.4 -0.2

11 971 Gold 208,789 176,937 235,990 33.4 -14.512 288 Non-ferrous waste & scrap 123,853 151,494 197,298 30.2 19.313 522 Inorganic chemical elements 204,826 235,863 190,250 -19.3 23.414 012 Meat (excl beef), f.c.f. 83,621 117,258 174,775 49.1 17.115 081 Animal feed 148,987 136,744 147,052 7.5 5.1

16 342 Liquefied propane & butane 235,776 310,532 129,618 -58.3 38.117 048 Cereal preparations 79,770 97,598 108,225 10.9 11.618 284 Nickel ores & concentrates 117,914 93,774 96,283 2.7 1.119 263 Cotton 119,266 129,935 81,777 -37.1 11.520 268 Wool & other animal hair (incl tops) 43,444 61,053 81,174 33.0 15.4

Total merchandise exports 19,141,573 20,896,692 18,818,675 -9.9 0.8

Top 20 merchandise imports

1 334 Refined petroleum 2,939,831 4,009,526 4,918,085 22.7 35.32 781 Passenger motor vehicles 2,039,206 2,057,932 1,944,308 -5.5 -0.53 723 Civil engineering equipment & parts 131,494 128,696 1,370,503 964.9 47.84 741 Heating & cooling equipment & parts 355,027 901,397 713,883 -20.8 83.55 743 Pumps (excl liquid pumps) & parts 255,591 1,005,630 412,887 -58.9 132.0

6 691 Iron, steel, aluminium structures 33,990 59,691 273,147 357.6 107.77 778 Electrical machinery & parts, nes 148,145 164,471 183,845 11.8 8.38 784 Vehicle parts & accessories 195,597 220,769 181,525 -17.8 13.69 761 Monitors, projectors & TVs 219,187 172,147 164,153 -4.6 -4.9

10 764 Telecom equipment & parts 246,023 127,651 135,364 6.0 -23.5

11 775 Household-type equipment, nes 109,103 94,566 129,322 36.8 0.112 335 Residual petroleum products, nes 93,792 94,882 127,319 34.2 68.113 625 Rubber tyres, treads & tubes 129,989 111,313 108,006 -3.0 -4.714 641 Paper & paperboard 83,075 93,449 104,732 12.1 -6.315 782 Goods vehicles 84,489 99,158 102,933 3.8 -8.1

16 682 Copper 72,493 67,343 101,594 50.9 -2.617 793 Ships & boats (incl hovercraft) 344 205 97,825 .. 136.018 773 Electrical distributing equipment 64,202 88,449 81,845 -7.5 7.219 122 Tobacco, manufactured 4,829 4,726 72,693 .. 85.120 684 Aluminium 28,327 25,256 69,575 175.5 8.5

Total merchandise imports 9,185,446 11,741,082 13,638,379 16.2 15.0

(a) Rank based on 2014-15. (b) May exclude selected confidential export and import commodities. Refer to the DFAT website (http://dfat.gov.au/about-us/publications/trade-investment/Pages/dfat-adjustments-to-abs-official-trade-data.aspx)for more information and a list of the commodities excluded. (c) Mainly Lead ores , Zinc ores, and Manganese ores & concentrates .Based on ABS trade data on DFAT STARS database (ABS catalogue 5368.0) and unpublished ABS data.

TABLE 48: AUSTRALIA'S MERCHANDISE TRADE WITH THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA (a)(b)(A$'000)

- 102 -

% growth

2013-14 to 5 yearRank SITC Commodity 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2014-15 trend

Top 20 merchandise exports

1 971 Gold 944,851 2,273,258 3,115,827 37.1 39.72 333 Crude petroleum 1,759,433 1,608,941 1,573,516 -2.2 1.43 334 Refined petroleum 838,880 551,916 496,282 -10.1 1.44 411 Animal oils & fats 210,637 315,527 218,433 -30.8 217.85 792 Aircraft, spacecraft & parts 102,451 291,283 185,224 -36.4 36.5

6 022 Milk, cream, whey & yoghurt 150,502 199,577 171,794 -13.9 3.87 012 Meat (excl beef), f.c.f. 91,347 110,167 139,935 27.0 2.68 874 Measuring & analysing instruments 51,606 57,787 96,984 67.8 12.99 793 Ships & boats (incl hovercraft) 19,026 6,369 92,247 .. -19.0

10 342 Liquefied propane & butane 74,542 127,296 76,592 -39.8 21.8

11 764 Telecom equipment & parts 84,032 83,685 76,260 -8.9 -0.212 011 Beef, f.c.f. 81,302 85,082 75,839 -10.9 7.813 061 Sugars, molasses & honey 86,935 71,152 67,290 -5.4 -6.814 112 Alcoholic beverages 46,114 54,836 66,567 21.4 4.515 057 Fruit & nuts 44,440 51,716 61,959 19.8 15.4

16 759 Computer parts & accessories 64,143 48,080 58,394 21.5 -2.617 723 Civil engineering equipment & parts 50,488 51,678 55,211 6.8 -3.918 542 Medicaments (incl veterinary) 88,740 97,615 53,297 -45.4 -8.219 872 Medical instruments (incl veterinary) 43,168 39,367 47,951 21.8 13.420 752 Computers 22,687 39,084 46,626 19.3 13.3

Total merchandise exports 6,411,034 7,368,383 8,262,482 12.1 10.0

Top 20 merchandise imports

1 334 Refined petroleum 9,330,191 8,703,164 6,179,119 -29.0 1.22 098 Edible products & preparations, nes 643,430 617,067 646,424 4.8 66.93 752 Computers 355,226 317,688 397,722 25.2 4.84 598 Miscellaneous chemical products, nes 25,243 168,837 279,541 65.6 66.65 793 Ships & boats (incl hovercraft) 608,509 25,887 175,931 579.6 37.2

6 542 Medicaments (incl veterinary) 384,974 321,806 162,392 -49.5 5.57 898 Musical instruments & parts 210,806 186,059 153,811 -17.3 -13.98 728 Specialised machinery & parts 39,247 46,074 143,313 211.1 17.49 335 Residual petroleum products, nes 174,131 207,843 138,599 -33.3 9.4

10 747 Taps, cocks & valves 63,194 87,785 137,587 56.7 20.7

11 764 Telecom equipment & parts 84,838 111,098 107,394 -3.3 2.012 597 Prepared additives for mineral oils 92,418 93,858 104,689 11.5 9.613 874 Measuring & analysing instruments 78,710 75,316 103,479 37.4 6.914 072 Cocoa 72,592 78,772 96,680 22.7 -2.315 892 Printed matter 97,614 80,647 76,222 -5.5 -3.1

16 899 Misc manufactured articles, nes 63,002 57,779 74,222 28.5 14.017 759 Computer parts & accessories 20,495 36,522 72,946 99.7 -15.718 641 Paper & paperboard 61,135 45,572 67,661 48.5 0.919 122 Tobacco, manufactured 31,236 32,027 64,326 100.8 61.020 679 Tubes & pipes of iron or steel 43,018 37,621 61,369 63.1 8.6

Total merchandise imports 14,283,085 13,085,894 10,812,757 -17.4 1.0

(a) Rank based on 2014-15. (b) May exclude selected confidential export and import commodities. Refer to the DFAT website (http://dfat.gov.au/about-us/publications/trade-investment/Pages/dfat-adjustments-to-abs-official-trade-data.aspx)for more information and a list of the commodities excluded.Based on ABS trade data on DFAT STARS database (ABS catalogue 5368.0) and unpublished ABS data.

TABLE 49: AUSTRALIA'S MERCHANDISE TRADE WITH SINGAPORE (a)(b)(A$'000)

- 103 -

% growth

2013-14 to 5 yearRank SITC Commodity 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2014-15 trend

Top 20 merchandise exports

1 321 Coal 163,454 135,575 178,478 31.6 -10.42 287 Other ores & concentrates (c) 73,965 111,780 152,399 36.3 6.83 057 Fruit & nuts 12,498 37,946 70,370 85.4 75.94 776 Electronic integrated circuits 16,752 15,918 15,336 -3.7 5.65 792 Aircraft, spacecraft & parts 9,134 14,077 12,623 -10.3 27.4

6 641 Paper & paperboard 9,187 15,326 6,377 -58.4 4.27 288 Non-ferrous waste & scrap 10 889 4,852 445.7 91.68 728 Specialised machinery & parts 2,284 2,728 4,537 66.3 11.99 421 Fixed vegetable oils & fats, soft 518 203 4,444 .. -23.6

10 778 Electrical machinery & parts, nes 3,639 4,377 4,155 -5.1 11.5

11 764 Telecom equipment & parts 1,132 1,314 4,154 216.2 10.912 542 Medicaments (incl veterinary) 7,410 4,548 3,837 -15.6 -2.613 791 Railway vehicles (incl hovertrains) 678 184 3,422 .. 158.514 752 Computers 346 363 2,682 639.7 44.615 684 Aluminium 0 2 2,542 .. ..

16 793 Ships & boats (incl hovercraft) 20 544 2,494 358.4 -37.217 292 Crude vegetable matter, nes 829 1,173 2,300 96.1 11.618 592 Starches, inulin & wheat gluten 7,093 2,807 2,297 -18.2 -6.819 898 Musical instruments & parts 2,152 1,858 2,262 21.7 -5.420 894 Prams, toys, games & sporting goods 638 1,132 2,235 97.4 12.1

Total merchandise exports 464,587 466,251 597,950 28.2 -4.1

Top 20 merchandise imports

1 542 Medicaments (incl veterinary) 390,127 441,265 367,595 -16.7 -5.12 781 Passenger motor vehicles 238,161 257,933 294,501 14.2 34.63 782 Goods vehicles 562,045 337,060 110,513 -67.2 -1.84 625 Rubber tyres, treads & tubes 149,176 97,312 83,819 -13.9 -4.65 421 Fixed vegetable oils & fats, soft 74,690 90,155 72,168 -20.0 -5.4

6 541 Pharm products (excl medicaments) 91,031 78,665 62,252 -20.9 36.97 793 Ships & boats (incl hovercraft) 583,601 857,121 53,118 -93.8 422.78 744 Mechanical handling equip & parts 41,355 55,403 45,830 -17.3 13.09 553 Perfumery & cosmetics (excl soap) 23,181 35,856 31,796 -11.3 3.7

10 851 Footwear 18,714 25,445 29,297 15.1 20.6

11 784 Vehicle parts & accessories 15,355 20,642 28,008 35.7 -2.512 747 Taps, cocks & valves 16,805 30,983 25,563 -17.5 3.113 662 Clay construction materials 17,392 22,510 24,613 9.3 11.214 741 Heating & cooling equipment & parts 82,721 35,769 22,580 -36.9 28.015 056 Vegetables, prepared or preserved 16,864 21,540 22,174 2.9 0.2

16 743 Pumps (excl liquid pumps) & parts 15,471 20,002 22,037 10.2 -3.617 112 Alcoholic beverages 15,565 20,652 21,452 3.9 17.318 663 Mineral manufactures, nes 4,509 11,616 21,174 82.3 46.419 874 Measuring & analysing instruments 10,339 13,775 20,789 50.9 1.820 791 Railway vehicles (incl hovertrains) 150 24,419 20,561 -15.8 35.6

Total merchandise imports 2,932,670 3,348,523 2,008,703 -40.0 9.7

(a) Rank based on 2014-15. (b) May exclude selected confidential export and import commodities. Refer to the DFAT website (http://dfat.gov.au/about-us/publications/trade-investment/Pages/dfat-adjustments-to-abs-official-trade-data.aspx)for more information and a list of the commodities excluded. (c) Mainly Zinc ores & concentrates.Based on ABS trade data on DFAT STARS database (ABS catalogue 5368.0) and unpublished ABS data.

TABLE 50: AUSTRALIA'S MERCHANDISE TRADE WITH SPAIN (a)(b)(A$'000)

- 104 -

% growth

2013-14 to 5 yearRank SITC Commodity 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2014-15 trend

Top 20 merchandise exports

1 971 Gold 286,187 347,693 170,919 -50.8 24.22 681 Silver & platinum 117,457 202,959 74,933 -63.1 193.03 012 Meat (excl beef), f.c.f. 29,022 40,470 44,259 9.4 -0.14 011 Beef, f.c.f. 29,358 33,815 24,693 -27.0 30.55 885 Watches & clocks 13,512 15,575 19,853 27.5 22.9

6 897 Jewellery 70,331 105,558 18,826 -82.2 9.37 542 Medicaments (incl veterinary) 2,258 1,477 16,906 .. 33.88 541 Pharm products (excl medicaments) 20,448 5,765 13,838 140.0 -17.29 899 Misc manufactured articles, nes 2,173 3,120 11,037 253.8 24.5

10 792 Aircraft, spacecraft & parts 11,601 20,801 10,239 -50.8 26.5

11 667 Pearls & gems 9,946 7,302 9,914 35.8 -7.212 874 Measuring & analysing instruments 5,091 4,936 6,299 27.6 2.713 872 Medical instruments (incl veterinary) 3,149 2,936 5,061 72.4 -4.414 728 Specialised machinery & parts 4,041 1,975 5,046 155.5 -3.115 289 Precious metal ores & conc (excl gold) 0 0 4,705 .. ..

16 551 Essential oils & perfumes 1,476 3,081 3,365 9.2 19.217 057 Fruit & nuts 1,969 3,620 2,179 -39.8 16.718 891 Arms & ammunition 15 49 1,412 .. 6.819 764 Telecom equipment & parts 1,566 3,722 1,374 -63.1 -2.720 896 Artwork & antiques 3,317 4,455 1,075 -75.9 -5.8

Total merchandise exports 670,129 832,710 466,742 -43.9 14.4

Top 20 merchandise imports

1 542 Medicaments (incl veterinary) 674,489 599,478 854,252 42.5 4.72 885 Watches & clocks 284,004 368,767 428,361 16.2 16.53 899 Misc manufactured articles, nes 247,026 291,560 279,433 -4.2 9.74 971 Gold 517,463 546,662 202,078 -63.0 34.05 541 Pharm products (excl medicaments) 165,492 104,096 190,019 82.5 -5.1

6 071 Coffee & substitutes 94,281 107,142 108,171 1.0 18.07 872 Medical instruments (incl veterinary) 58,375 81,894 106,535 30.1 20.08 874 Measuring & analysing instruments 79,199 66,944 69,597 4.0 0.49 714 Non-electric engines & motors 11,413 11,635 44,064 278.7 -0.3

10 772 Electrical circuits equipment 39,712 46,991 39,764 -15.4 -5.8

11 591 Insecticides, herbicides, disinfectants 38,476 30,081 28,577 -5.0 -2.712 111 Non-alcoholic beverages, nes 23,163 26,629 28,418 6.7 22.413 073 Chocolate & preparations of cocoa 20,691 25,421 27,900 9.8 -5.714 778 Electrical machinery & parts, nes 24,056 23,155 27,816 20.1 0.815 771 Electric power machinery & parts 19,722 16,098 27,323 69.7 28.7

16 741 Heating & cooling equipment & parts 15,624 15,377 24,203 57.4 -0.617 728 Specialised machinery & parts 23,114 27,597 23,809 -13.7 -0.918 897 Jewellery 17,089 16,816 23,076 37.2 8.119 553 Perfumery & cosmetics (excl soap) 13,837 18,483 22,570 22.1 16.120 695 Hand or machine tools 18,628 17,237 17,552 1.8 0.7

Total merchandise imports 2,869,763 2,988,142 3,006,508 0.6 5.7

(a) Rank based on 2014-15. (b) May exclude selected confidential export and import commodities. Refer to the DFAT website (http://dfat.gov.au/about-us/publications/trade-investment/Pages/dfat-adjustments-to-abs-official-trade-data.aspx)for more information and a list of the commodities excluded.Based on ABS trade data on DFAT STARS database (ABS catalogue 5368.0) and unpublished ABS data.

TABLE 51: AUSTRALIA'S MERCHANDISE TRADE WITH SWITZERLAND (a)(b)(A$'000)

- 105 -

% growth

2013-14 to 5 yearRank SITC Commodity 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2014-15 trend

Top 20 merchandise exports

1 321 Coal 2,818,673 2,816,212 2,907,686 3.2 -1.02 281 Iron ores & concentrates 1,496,695 1,709,566 1,297,266 -24.1 3.63 684 Aluminium 474,005 467,771 502,100 7.3 0.74 011 Beef, f.c.f. 208,976 231,647 211,224 -8.8 9.75 686 Zinc 90,263 136,469 144,675 6.0 -8.8

6 283 Copper ores & concentrates 61,981 83,648 121,340 45.1 ..7 012 Meat (excl beef), f.c.f. 54,528 78,582 94,083 19.7 13.58 334 Refined petroleum 30,481 49,350 89,810 82.0 3.69 041 Wheat 70,770 86,345 87,199 1.0 -1.7

10 081 Animal feed 70,292 67,165 86,671 29.0 6.1

11 682 Copper 234,676 121,073 77,395 -36.1 -28.712 333 Crude petroleum 411,308 75,699 75,925 0.3 -7.113 542 Medicaments (incl veterinary) 335,359 283,304 64,479 -77.2 -21.414 282 Ferrous waste & scrap 57,200 78,624 57,172 -27.3 -5.515 522 Inorganic chemical elements 3,541 44,733 41,135 -8.0 52.1

16 022 Milk, cream, whey & yoghurt 41,201 47,765 40,209 -15.8 -2.517 411 Animal oils & fats 29,878 14,865 36,051 142.5 -6.718 098 Edible products & preparations, nes 30,257 71,681 35,945 -49.9 31.719 288 Non-ferrous waste & scrap 28,109 29,293 30,956 5.7 11.420 246 Wood in chips or particles 31,820 44 26,415 .. -46.8

Total merchandise exports 7,560,552 7,400,645 6,882,726 -7.0 -2.1

Top 20 merchandise imports

1 334 Refined petroleum 481,228 533,231 866,660 62.5 33.72 764 Telecom equipment & parts 394,055 316,710 314,208 -0.8 3.43 752 Computers 118,606 127,406 203,480 59.7 14.24 785 Motorcycles & cycles 134,905 163,639 146,685 -10.4 4.85 894 Prams, toys, games & sporting goods 95,286 117,956 121,074 2.6 7.3

6 699 Manufactures of base metal, nes 85,818 97,404 113,889 16.9 2.57 694 Nails, screws, nuts, bolts & rivets 78,607 93,907 113,713 21.1 5.78 675 Flat-rolled alloy steel 71,687 84,886 110,901 30.6 -0.69 778 Electrical machinery & parts, nes 85,029 91,368 103,898 13.7 7.3

10 695 Hand or machine tools 78,989 86,076 103,032 19.7 4.2

11 893 Plastic articles, nes 84,932 91,757 102,882 12.1 5.512 776 Electronic integrated circuits 63,213 68,152 98,689 44.8 -6.213 784 Vehicle parts & accessories 79,302 88,966 92,907 4.4 6.114 898 Musical instruments & parts 81,926 85,110 87,166 2.4 2.315 582 Plastic plates, sheets & film 61,795 73,397 69,902 -4.8 0.3

16 821 Furniture, mattresses & cushions 53,869 54,740 62,461 14.1 4.217 674 Coated flat-rolled iron & steel 51,449 70,419 59,090 -16.1 10.918 679 Tubes & pipes of iron or steel 49,639 52,882 58,076 9.8 -2.019 759 Computer parts & accessories 55,626 63,284 55,499 -12.3 -6.720 874 Measuring & analysing instruments 33,210 35,840 51,300 43.1 13.4

Total merchandise imports 3,860,502 4,148,655 4,854,129 17.0 6.4

(a) Rank based on 2014-15. (b) May exclude selected confidential export and import commodities. Refer to the DFAT website (http://dfat.gov.au/about-us/publications/trade-investment/Pages/dfat-adjustments-to-abs-official-trade-data.aspx)for more information and a list of the commodities excluded.Based on ABS trade data on DFAT STARS database (ABS catalogue 5368.0) and unpublished ABS data.

TABLE 52: AUSTRALIA'S MERCHANDISE TRADE WITH TAIWAN (a)(b)(A$'000)

- 106 -

% growth

2013-14 to 5 yearRank SITC Commodity 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2014-15 trend

Top 20 merchandise exports

1 333 Crude petroleum 814,526 1,632,269 1,260,109 -22.8 0.02 971 Gold 1,271,089 444,588 897,246 101.8 -18.53 684 Aluminium 439,118 383,185 341,581 -10.9 -3.54 321 Coal 236,755 288,195 284,992 -1.1 14.75 682 Copper 278,146 157,782 211,818 34.2 10.3

6 041 Wheat 157,540 132,641 161,625 21.9 -0.27 287 Other ores & concentrates (c) 36,202 35,723 115,094 222.2 9.18 263 Cotton 178,301 166,116 99,720 -40.0 -6.29 048 Cereal preparations 86,485 84,774 89,801 5.9 3.7

10 282 Ferrous waste & scrap 59,859 149,448 86,218 -42.3 33.0

11 522 Inorganic chemical elements 44,121 30,177 75,659 150.7 42.612 533 Pigments, paints & varnishes 40,710 51,626 64,721 25.4 2.213 022 Milk, cream, whey & yoghurt 57,632 78,774 61,601 -21.8 6.014 673 Uncoated flat-rolled iron & steel 89,856 26,326 55,120 109.4 -20.715 011 Beef, f.c.f. 28,621 39,485 54,359 37.7 23.2

16 542 Medicaments (incl veterinary) 171,454 104,998 53,520 -49.0 -20.217 057 Fruit & nuts 35,261 29,182 48,318 65.6 12.718 098 Edible products & preparations, nes 62,705 78,840 43,940 -44.3 11.719 686 Zinc 23,935 36,076 41,955 16.3 26.320 685 Lead 48,682 32,201 39,414 22.4 6.4

Total merchandise exports 4,960,083 4,759,337 5,010,587 5.3 -2.7

Top 20 merchandise imports

1 782 Goods vehicles 2,902,489 2,836,605 3,300,785 16.4 4.22 781 Passenger motor vehicles 1,743,027 1,547,421 1,863,739 20.4 19.53 741 Heating & cooling equipment & parts 442,902 458,272 592,107 29.2 3.14 691 Iron, steel, aluminium structures 543,217 354,931 508,703 43.3 84.55 775 Household-type equipment, nes 292,673 311,781 373,529 19.8 5.6

6 037 Seafood, prepared or preserved 325,168 343,532 330,948 -3.7 5.87 784 Vehicle parts & accessories 253,575 278,849 293,414 5.2 12.78 625 Rubber tyres, treads & tubes 221,453 272,421 274,464 0.7 9.09 897 Jewellery 165,318 200,799 249,540 24.3 2.1

10 752 Computers 186,911 188,903 225,443 19.3 -2.0

11 893 Plastic articles, nes 146,884 181,355 200,457 10.5 12.812 764 Telecom equipment & parts 171,230 187,733 180,015 -4.1 4.113 553 Perfumery & cosmetics (excl soap) 120,005 148,090 159,675 7.8 9.414 884 Optical goods, nes 105,817 139,908 158,424 13.2 31.015 761 Monitors, projectors & TVs 32,633 53,385 153,840 188.2 5.6

16 098 Edible products & preparations, nes 108,518 119,072 132,492 11.3 11.817 335 Residual petroleum products, nes 163,264 189,290 117,896 -37.7 16.518 821 Furniture, mattresses & cushions 75,792 100,388 92,500 -7.9 4.719 042 Rice 71,962 81,784 85,039 4.0 -6.920 582 Plastic plates, sheets & film 72,872 73,997 84,110 13.7 5.0

Total merchandise imports 11,128,664 11,061,066 12,135,002 9.7 2.0

(a) Rank based on 2014-15. (b) May exclude selected confidential export and import commodities. Refer to the DFAT website (http://dfat.gov.au/about-us/publications/trade-investment/Pages/dfat-adjustments-to-abs-official-trade-data.aspx)for more information and a list of the commodities excluded. (c) Mainly Zinc ores & concentrates.Based on ABS trade data on DFAT STARS database (ABS catalogue 5368.0) and unpublished ABS data.

TABLE 53: AUSTRALIA'S MERCHANDISE TRADE WITH THAILAND (a)(b)(A$'000)

- 107 -

% growth

2013-14 to 5 yearRank SITC Commodity 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2014-15 trend

Top 20 merchandise exports

1 781 Passenger motor vehicles 195,280 269,297 242,477 -10.0 12.72 012 Meat (excl beef), f.c.f. 140,804 162,098 199,065 22.8 8.13 222 Oil-seeds & oleaginous fruits, soft 255,752 148,507 165,595 11.5 63.64 751 Office machines 45,646 94,098 141,619 50.5 53.45 764 Telecom equipment & parts 56,847 88,376 127,805 44.6 56.3

6 057 Fruit & nuts 50,631 95,185 100,146 5.2 27.97 011 Beef, f.c.f. 57,361 69,080 91,083 31.9 17.88 054 Vegetables, f.c.f. 83,899 82,021 86,259 5.2 12.29 098 Edible products & preparations, nes 66,350 94,964 81,704 -14.0 21.2

10 784 Vehicle parts & accessories 38,674 55,761 77,990 39.9 10.9

11 723 Civil engineering equipment & parts 5,879 27,063 61,664 127.8 61.512 971 Gold 9,276 8,746 54,481 522.9 33.713 001 Live animals (excl seafood) 10,985 23,684 46,554 96.6 9.914 752 Computers 25,382 56,544 44,297 -21.7 73.515 744 Mechanical handling equip & parts 14,227 43,701 37,620 -13.9 39.8

16 043 Barley (c) 45,330 40,603 37,532 -7.6 -7.417 894 Prams, toys, games & sporting goods 947 2,003 34,610 .. 80.618 041 Wheat 58,597 13,819 34,381 148.8 -21.219 713 Internal combustion piston engines 1,651 2,814 31,241 .. 47.120 542 Medicaments (incl veterinary) 18,504 20,891 29,043 39.0 7.7

Total merchandise exports 2,322,170 2,739,480 3,326,489 21.4 9.9

Top 20 merchandise imports

1 333 Crude petroleum 2,907,268 2,822,825 2,597,131 -8.0 3.02 562 Fertilisers (excl crude) 3,852 31,224 76,096 143.7 ..3 679 Tubes & pipes of iron or steel 23,799 32,968 66,792 102.6 68.94 665 Glassware 10,315 35,006 43,054 23.0 15.75 571 Primary ethylene polymers 67,441 83,678 34,003 -59.4 11.5

6 659 Floor coverings 17,870 25,698 21,537 -16.2 27.97 667 Pearls & gems 16,513 10,968 16,178 47.5 27.88 575 Other primary plastics 12,573 24,588 14,946 -39.2 149.29 074 Tea & mate 10,782 13,755 13,775 0.1 66.5

10 691 Iron, steel, aluminium structures 5,266 6,732 13,443 99.7 6.8

11 897 Jewellery 8,298 8,570 11,795 37.6 14.812 778 Electrical machinery & parts, nes 1,934 6,144 9,401 53.0 52.913 699 Manufactures of base metal, nes 2,599 1,983 6,613 233.5 39.714 664 Glass 3,634 4,187 6,092 45.5 54.515 728 Specialised machinery & parts 4,763 7,443 5,915 -20.5 19.9

16 662 Clay construction materials 2,011 3,039 4,766 56.9 3.017 653 Man-made fabrics, woven 2,739 3,871 4,464 15.3 -4.318 784 Vehicle parts & accessories 3,056 3,447 3,918 13.6 29.019 743 Pumps (excl liquid pumps) & parts 14,071 12,243 3,532 -71.2 30.320 874 Measuring & analysing instruments 491 3,117 3,384 8.6 22.9

Total merchandise imports 3,270,437 3,245,481 3,117,516 -3.9 4.4

(a) Rank based on 2014-15. (b) May exclude selected confidential export and import commodities. Refer to the DFAT website (http://dfat.gov.au/about-us/publications/trade-investment/Pages/dfat-adjustments-to-abs-official-trade-data.aspx)for more information and a list of the commodities excluded. (c) Only includes data up to March 2015.Based on ABS trade data on DFAT STARS database (ABS catalogue 5368.0) and unpublished ABS data.

TABLE 54: AUSTRALIA'S MERCHANDISE TRADE WITH UNITED ARAB EMIRATES (a)(b)(A$'000)

- 108 -

% growth

2013-14 to 5 yearRank SITC Commodity 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2014-15 trend

Top 20 merchandise exports

1 971 Gold 2,616,018 640,146 582,840 -9.0 -35.82 112 Alcoholic beverages 383,937 387,991 375,543 -3.2 -7.73 685 Lead 396,531 396,256 310,991 -21.5 -0.84 667 Pearls & gems 177,797 319,484 294,255 -7.9 13.65 899 Misc manufactured articles, nes 197,005 237,542 271,602 14.3 7.5

6 321 Coal 334,711 335,330 231,623 -30.9 -18.77 681 Silver & platinum 340,705 3,437 126,360 .. 41.18 011 Beef, f.c.f. 82,129 116,903 115,045 -1.6 29.09 012 Meat (excl beef), f.c.f. 71,399 116,189 109,681 -5.6 7.3

10 792 Aircraft, spacecraft & parts 42,066 72,730 66,727 -8.3 8.7

11 874 Measuring & analysing instruments 44,361 46,720 61,303 31.2 2.812 541 Pharm products (excl medicaments) 34,312 42,169 57,569 36.5 2.713 764 Telecom equipment & parts 30,715 36,134 55,772 54.3 15.214 781 Passenger motor vehicles 19,693 48,626 53,476 10.0 37.415 542 Medicaments (incl veterinary) 60,530 51,180 37,640 -26.5 -13.3

16 896 Artwork & antiques 30,723 39,853 37,041 -7.1 5.917 897 Jewellery 6,489 21,475 34,919 62.6 49.218 752 Computers 10,889 30,330 33,574 10.7 22.619 553 Perfumery & cosmetics (excl soap) 20,661 29,851 32,923 10.3 6.820 778 Electrical machinery & parts, nes 27,629 31,892 28,831 -9.6 3.0

Total merchandise exports 5,527,411 3,686,474 3,686,092 -0.0 -14.5

Top 20 merchandise imports

1 781 Passenger motor vehicles 1,058,555 1,066,879 1,006,829 -5.6 17.02 542 Medicaments (incl veterinary) 710,406 684,946 552,408 -19.4 -9.23 541 Pharm products (excl medicaments) 164,323 200,266 332,061 65.8 24.74 892 Printed matter 259,134 264,219 274,668 4.0 -1.95 874 Measuring & analysing instruments 211,256 237,270 250,523 5.6 5.0

6 112 Alcoholic beverages 212,468 244,547 234,582 -4.1 5.17 728 Specialised machinery & parts 309,198 232,975 131,438 -43.6 5.68 553 Perfumery & cosmetics (excl soap) 96,964 103,084 114,864 11.4 6.79 764 Telecom equipment & parts 93,746 113,522 114,616 1.0 5.8

10 744 Mechanical handling equip & parts 132,084 130,485 106,137 -18.7 15.3

11 747 Taps, cocks & valves 188,838 86,697 103,492 19.4 12.812 778 Electrical machinery & parts, nes 81,000 99,194 101,305 2.1 5.213 743 Pumps (excl liquid pumps) & parts 60,853 66,177 97,877 47.9 9.214 971 Gold 838 14,399 97,517 577.3 5.315 772 Electrical circuits equipment 64,615 98,172 91,793 -6.5 9.9

16 872 Medical instruments (incl veterinary) 61,437 72,000 78,845 9.5 6.817 713 Internal combustion piston engines 88,114 90,556 76,545 -15.5 13.018 048 Cereal preparations 60,332 71,273 76,188 6.9 18.019 723 Civil engineering equipment & parts 159,852 109,065 69,773 -36.0 -0.520 893 Plastic articles, nes 60,213 75,068 66,187 -11.8 1.0

Total merchandise imports 6,353,907 6,339,951 6,332,933 -0.1 1.6

(a) Rank based on 2014-15. (b) May exclude selected confidential export and import commodities. Refer to the DFAT website (http://dfat.gov.au/about-us/publications/trade-investment/Pages/dfat-adjustments-to-abs-official-trade-data.aspx)for more information and a list of the commodities excluded.Based on ABS trade data on DFAT STARS database (ABS catalogue 5368.0) and unpublished ABS data.

TABLE 55: AUSTRALIA'S MERCHANDISE TRADE WITH THE UNITED KINGDOM (a)(b)(A$'000)

- 109 -

% growth

2013-14 to 5 yearRank SITC Commodity 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2014-15 trend

Top 20 merchandise exports

1 011 Beef, f.c.f. 970,258 1,360,083 3,233,328 137.7 29.12 792 Aircraft, spacecraft & parts 622,250 810,117 913,372 12.7 19.03 012 Meat (excl beef), f.c.f. 418,660 547,513 790,883 44.4 12.24 112 Alcoholic beverages 484,588 473,092 464,612 -1.8 -5.25 872 Medical instruments (incl veterinary) 303,043 397,340 459,240 15.6 -1.9

6 764 Telecom equipment & parts 199,763 209,988 272,531 29.8 9.97 592 Starches, inulin & wheat gluten 211,958 292,519 263,156 -10.0 4.38 951 Gold coin & legal tender coin 302,778 276,540 247,349 -10.6 20.89 899 Misc manufactured articles, nes 178,985 234,344 226,177 -3.5 12.0

10 874 Measuring & analysing instruments 187,966 172,453 214,858 24.6 -4.7

11 673 Uncoated flat-rolled iron & steel 118,881 94,545 214,606 127.0 -11.712 781 Passenger motor vehicles 111,737 241,285 183,234 -24.1 94.513 641 Paper & paperboard 100,372 125,545 183,219 45.9 23.614 686 Zinc 120,918 145,130 181,598 25.1 15.615 333 Crude petroleum 182,534 0 163,712 .. ..

16 784 Vehicle parts & accessories 109,424 120,432 155,844 29.4 10.417 542 Medicaments (incl veterinary) 164,126 165,628 140,489 -15.2 -11.818 684 Aluminium 75,106 95,273 127,789 34.1 11.819 541 Pharm products (excl medicaments) 60,109 78,431 103,557 32.0 21.020 971 Gold 260,280 125,056 101,975 -18.5 -0.6

Total merchandise exports 9,081,677 10,626,086 13,378,068 25.9 6.1

Top 20 merchandise imports

1 781 Passenger motor vehicles 1,258,441 2,073,437 2,431,172 17.3 28.82 764 Telecom equipment & parts 813,152 923,102 1,157,533 25.4 9.63 874 Measuring & analysing instruments 933,641 1,066,601 1,149,535 7.8 6.44 872 Medical instruments (incl veterinary) 796,650 895,785 935,741 4.5 5.85 542 Medicaments (incl veterinary) 966,065 948,776 824,779 -13.1 -0.0

6 723 Civil engineering equipment & parts 1,538,963 804,908 737,779 -8.3 -3.87 752 Computers 435,517 510,785 729,182 42.8 6.88 899 Misc manufactured articles, nes 478,902 570,032 606,654 6.4 8.29 713 Internal combustion piston engines 509,990 606,541 591,514 -2.5 3.2

10 714 Non-electric engines & motors 553,550 563,234 573,442 1.8 -9.5

11 778 Electrical machinery & parts, nes 420,272 464,369 559,028 20.4 6.412 784 Vehicle parts & accessories 535,025 507,058 543,768 7.2 6.013 743 Pumps (excl liquid pumps) & parts 706,601 577,451 490,624 -15.0 7.914 553 Perfumery & cosmetics (excl soap) 367,129 439,655 489,516 11.3 6.215 721 Agric machinery (excl tractors) & parts 564,550 465,622 487,672 4.7 -0.7

16 782 Goods vehicles 1,713,119 510,516 433,366 -15.1 -12.017 741 Heating & cooling equipment & parts 270,248 363,834 432,058 18.8 14.318 747 Taps, cocks & valves 295,174 343,464 423,013 23.2 12.219 541 Pharm products (excl medicaments) 467,465 455,196 408,470 -10.3 0.420 728 Specialised machinery & parts 318,105 348,894 402,674 15.4 4.7

Total merchandise imports 27,957,928 27,970,552 30,396,754 8.7 3.5

(a) Rank based on 2014-15. (b) May exclude selected confidential export and import commodities. Refer to the DFAT website (http://dfat.gov.au/about-us/publications/trade-investment/Pages/dfat-adjustments-to-abs-official-trade-data.aspx)for more information and a list of the commodities excluded.Based on ABS trade data on DFAT STARS database (ABS catalogue 5368.0) and unpublished ABS data.

TABLE 56: AUSTRALIA'S MERCHANDISE TRADE WITH THE UNITED STATES (a)(b)(A$'000)

- 110 -

% growth

2013-14 to 5 yearRank SITC Commodity 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2014-15 trend

Top 20 merchandise exports

1 036 Crustaceans, f.c.f. 289,884 561,845 709,258 26.2 238.52 041 Wheat 412,045 495,711 415,498 -16.2 1.93 001 Live animals (excl seafood) 12,049 125,201 331,097 164.5 210.04 684 Aluminium 53,918 138,446 196,489 41.9 18.05 263 Cotton 54,368 108,966 147,636 35.5 66.0

6 282 Ferrous waste & scrap 158,600 213,687 119,262 -44.2 11.97 682 Copper 117,900 62,286 103,015 65.4 -19.38 685 Lead 79,575 100,075 89,811 -10.3 19.39 321 Coal 46,021 75,312 89,382 18.7 5.5

10 112 Alcoholic beverages 12,599 33,097 82,203 148.4 60.5

11 048 Cereal preparations 60,966 69,235 79,354 14.6 5.712 542 Medicaments (incl veterinary) 54,491 56,795 74,418 31.0 15.813 022 Milk, cream, whey & yoghurt 20,160 24,871 55,328 122.5 17.214 686 Zinc 22,971 45,216 51,386 13.6 9.315 611 Leather 9,978 24,693 38,720 56.8 19.8

16 222 Oil-seeds & oleaginous fruits, soft 14,579 58,200 36,229 -37.8 ..17 287 Other ores & concentrates 15,460 22,014 35,773 62.5 43.218 122 Tobacco, manufactured 25,578 28,041 35,625 27.0 12.219 054 Vegetables, f.c.f. 2,145 11,658 34,172 193.1 70.420 582 Plastic plates, sheets & film 16,989 27,302 33,092 21.2 3.4

Total merchandise exports 1,808,862 2,750,186 3,273,510 19.0 16.6

Top 20 merchandise imports

1 333 Crude petroleum 1,635,793 1,947,761 1,518,086 -22.1 -2.82 764 Telecom equipment & parts 595,755 764,446 1,034,539 35.3 90.03 821 Furniture, mattresses & cushions 141,498 192,093 253,790 32.1 20.04 851 Footwear 129,765 164,788 247,912 50.4 28.95 752 Computers 103,483 122,451 167,542 36.8 136.8

6 057 Fruit & nuts 96,602 113,696 134,390 18.2 10.57 751 Office machines 65,978 91,456 105,938 15.8 17.48 037 Seafood, prepared or preserved 51,185 81,556 90,545 11.0 8.09 034 Fish, f.c.f. 62,834 69,772 75,557 8.3 4.4

10 842 Women's clothing (excl knitted) 27,115 43,817 66,284 51.3 38.8

11 036 Crustaceans, f.c.f. 48,322 79,427 66,104 -16.8 18.512 776 Electronic integrated circuits 23 187 61,205 .. 233.513 841 Men's clothing (excl knitted) 24,782 39,023 49,749 27.5 39.014 793 Ships & boats (incl hovercraft) 35,525 41,788 49,297 18.0 27.015 831 Travel goods, bags & like containers 18,181 30,020 48,979 63.2 34.5

16 663 Mineral manufactures, nes 28,109 40,306 44,246 9.8 11.817 642 Paper & paperboard, cut to size 28,969 32,506 43,038 32.4 24.418 845 Other textile clothing 17,546 28,793 40,606 41.0 34.819 071 Coffee & substitutes 30,188 30,622 40,070 30.9 8.820 893 Plastic articles, nes 23,871 28,926 39,298 35.9 21.6

Total merchandise imports 3,557,433 4,519,642 4,894,025 8.3 12.3

(a) Rank based on 2014-15. (b) May exclude selected confidential export and import commodities. Refer to the DFAT website (http://dfat.gov.au/about-us/publications/trade-investment/Pages/dfat-adjustments-to-abs-official-trade-data.aspx)for more information and a list of the commodities excluded.Based on ABS trade data on DFAT STARS database (ABS catalogue 5368.0) and unpublished ABS data.

TABLE 57: AUSTRALIA'S MERCHANDISE TRADE WITH VIETNAM (a)(b)(A$'000)

- 111 -

% growth

2013-14 to 5 yearRank SITC Commodity 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2014-15 trend

Top 20 merchandise exports

1 041 Wheat 896,485 819,193 582,273 -28.9 10.52 321 Coal 173,453 119,254 131,099 9.9 -20.43 012 Meat (excl beef), f.c.f. 75,865 103,439 129,215 24.9 4.64 054 Vegetables, f.c.f. 115,113 149,370 128,512 -14.0 25.05 723 Civil engineering equipment & parts 123,648 78,805 101,715 29.1 2.5

6 728 Specialised machinery & parts 132,548 124,369 88,166 -29.1 5.77 641 Paper & paperboard 50,699 37,295 48,702 30.6 0.88 011 Beef, f.c.f. 35,080 40,075 40,261 0.5 4.99 001 Live animals (excl seafood) 22,777 20,480 37,937 85.2 -8.7

10 268 Wool & other animal hair (incl tops) 32,348 36,313 37,868 4.3 50.5

11 874 Measuring & analysing instruments 30,408 30,447 28,699 -5.7 -4.812 772 Electrical circuits equipment 32,273 19,522 26,599 36.3 4.913 048 Cereal preparations 17,025 29,372 26,090 -11.2 38.414 778 Electrical machinery & parts, nes 16,000 27,840 24,895 -10.6 14.615 682 Copper 42,930 43,398 24,054 -44.6 -14.8

16 043 Barley (c) 0 16,383 22,924 39.9 ..17 764 Telecom equipment & parts 13,967 12,658 22,851 80.5 8.518 791 Railway vehicles (incl hovertrains) 23,020 9,511 21,536 126.4 28.119 784 Vehicle parts & accessories 28,490 23,643 20,943 -11.4 -1.020 747 Taps, cocks & valves 15,862 18,413 19,789 7.5 12.7

Total merchandise exports 3,629,180 3,317,566 3,207,444 -3.3 -1.6

Top 20 merchandise imports

1 333 Crude petroleum 5,272,245 4,534,462 1,699,744 -62.5 9.32 781 Passenger motor vehicles 222,120 249,887 472,496 89.1 2.53 971 Gold 9,174 15,333 209,613 .. 44.74 342 Liquefied propane & butane 28,164 36,747 57,316 56.0 ..5 071 Coffee & substitutes 24,006 29,223 34,799 19.1 16.4

6 292 Crude vegetable matter, nes 18,278 28,485 33,250 16.7 48.97 287 Other ores & concentrates (d) 47,146 32,819 30,028 -8.5 15.88 034 Fish, f.c.f. 30,683 28,315 29,759 5.1 -4.09 272 Crude fertilisers 35,190 11,914 27,380 129.8 4.4

10 072 Cocoa 11,427 12,708 27,068 113.0 -2.2

11 728 Specialised machinery & parts 29,768 26,646 25,049 -6.0 -6.412 061 Sugars, molasses & honey 428 14,090 23,499 66.8 122.813 671 Pig-iron 21,732 12,311 19,301 56.8 -25.114 782 Goods vehicles 32,231 8,380 19,095 127.9 -2.715 553 Perfumery & cosmetics (excl soap) 14,748 15,628 18,511 18.4 8.1

16 841 Men's clothing (excl knitted) 9,888 12,121 16,047 32.4 11.717 784 Vehicle parts & accessories 21,722 14,578 14,729 1.0 -20.218 842 Women's clothing (excl knitted) 9,601 10,619 14,554 37.1 19.119 634 Veneers, plywood & particle board 12,867 14,155 13,375 -5.5 5.720 743 Pumps (excl liquid pumps) & parts 10,649 10,822 12,962 19.8 -6.8

Total merchandise imports 6,415,516 5,737,155 3,307,345 -42.4 6.7

(a) Rank based on 2014-15. (b) May exclude selected confidential export and import commodities. Refer to the DFAT website (http://dfat.gov.au/about-us/publications/trade-investment/Pages/dfat-adjustments-to-abs-official-trade-data.aspx)for more information and a list of the commodities excluded. (c) Only includes data up to March 2015. (d) Mainly Molybdenum ,niobium, etc ores & concentrates and Manganese ores & concentrates .Based on ABS trade data on DFAT STARS database (ABS catalogue 5368.0) and unpublished ABS data.

TABLE 58: AUSTRALIA'S MERCHANDISE TRADE WITH AFRICA (a)(b)(A$'000)

- 112 -

% growth

2013-14 to 5 yearRank SITC Commodity 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2014-15 trend

Top 20 merchandise exports

1 011 Beef, f.c.f. 1,130,719 1,546,127 3,518,264 127.6 29.32 321 Coal 925,169 833,402 1,028,413 23.4 -9.13 792 Aircraft, spacecraft & parts 673,267 847,645 1,006,718 18.8 20.24 012 Meat (excl beef), f.c.f. 508,705 669,067 949,359 41.9 11.85 112 Alcoholic beverages 665,819 652,193 650,259 -0.3 -4.7

6 872 Medical instruments (incl veterinary) 308,363 405,240 470,548 16.1 -1.77 333 Crude petroleum 182,534 114,315 392,536 243.4 -8.38 764 Telecom equipment & parts 236,526 243,877 294,110 20.6 9.69 592 Starches, inulin & wheat gluten 223,380 299,976 275,174 -8.3 2.8

10 874 Measuring & analysing instruments 240,597 224,092 270,787 20.8 -4.4

11 899 Misc manufactured articles, nes 220,410 268,787 261,161 -2.8 15.812 951 Gold coin & legal tender coin 304,726 276,934 248,062 -10.4 20.813 684 Aluminium 96,409 143,314 219,267 53.0 6.814 673 Uncoated flat-rolled iron & steel 134,617 111,424 215,786 93.7 -16.215 641 Paper & paperboard 120,704 161,024 213,391 32.5 25.6

16 542 Medicaments (incl veterinary) 323,259 297,258 202,288 -31.9 -13.917 781 Passenger motor vehicles 112,119 243,094 184,212 -24.2 83.818 686 Zinc 121,140 145,130 181,598 25.1 15.519 784 Vehicle parts & accessories 122,203 131,346 171,814 30.8 7.520 287 Other ores & concentrates 160,618 150,327 163,796 9.0 14.3

Total merchandise exports 12,967,465 13,943,463 17,342,573 24.4 2.9

Top 20 merchandise imports

1 781 Passenger motor vehicles 1,580,497 2,208,256 2,607,513 18.1 26.32 764 Telecom equipment & parts 1,327,947 1,235,815 1,450,395 17.4 10.43 874 Measuring & analysing instruments 1,057,282 1,195,971 1,292,414 8.1 6.14 872 Medical instruments (incl veterinary) 936,311 1,074,509 1,197,983 11.5 7.45 542 Medicaments (incl veterinary) 1,658,792 1,401,667 1,164,888 -16.9 -2.2

6 723 Civil engineering equipment & parts 1,792,254 962,173 858,557 -10.8 -3.37 752 Computers 516,437 591,822 855,955 44.6 4.08 713 Internal combustion piston engines 637,965 752,869 728,603 -3.2 2.69 714 Non-electric engines & motors 604,013 655,753 700,088 6.8 -7.1

10 899 Misc manufactured articles, nes 551,597 645,259 693,196 7.4 6.8

11 784 Vehicle parts & accessories 707,286 625,508 674,863 7.9 3.812 778 Electrical machinery & parts, nes 489,531 541,830 667,850 23.3 6.213 782 Goods vehicles 1,899,770 798,954 635,145 -20.5 -5.014 721 Agric machinery (excl tractors) & parts 666,189 559,951 595,899 6.4 -0.515 743 Pumps (excl liquid pumps) & parts 773,988 656,285 574,101 -12.5 7.4

16 081 Animal feed 486,849 502,827 571,487 13.7 9.417 682 Copper 936,776 715,508 569,205 -20.4 -1.818 553 Perfumery & cosmetics (excl soap) 401,978 487,321 533,790 9.5 6.819 562 Fertilisers (excl crude) 444,416 371,755 515,434 38.6 1.320 741 Heating & cooling equipment & parts 299,420 392,952 466,861 18.8 13.4

Total merchandise imports 35,887,715 35,498,004 38,220,010 7.7 3.9

(a) Rank based on 2014-15. (b) May exclude selected confidential export and import commodities. Refer to the DFAT website (http://dfat.gov.au/about-us/publications/trade-investment/Pages/dfat-adjustments-to-abs-official-trade-data.aspx)for more information and a list of the commodities excluded.Based on ABS trade data on DFAT STARS database (ABS catalogue 5368.0) and unpublished ABS data.

TABLE 59: AUSTRALIA'S MERCHANDISE TRADE WITH AMERICAS (a)(b)(A$'000)

- 113 -

% growth

2013-14 to 5 yearRank SITC Commodity 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2014-15 trend

Top 20 merchandise exports

1 281 Iron ores & concentrates 56,985,469 74,610,423 54,355,764 -27.1 8.52 321 Coal 30,146,465 31,736,061 28,789,905 -9.3 1.53 971 Gold 8,832,615 11,438,897 11,607,712 1.5 33.94 011 Beef, f.c.f. 4,539,087 5,708,427 8,225,654 44.1 14.55 283 Copper ores & concentrates 4,066,179 4,131,845 4,261,036 3.1 5.3

6 684 Aluminium 3,491,827 3,718,475 3,959,270 6.5 -2.27 041 Wheat 3,995,960 3,719,693 3,842,318 3.3 7.58 333 Crude petroleum 9,537,591 5,128,865 3,450,852 -32.7 -17.19 287 Other ores & concentrates (c) 3,302,603 3,475,816 3,332,496 -4.1 0.7

10 682 Copper 3,029,709 3,653,737 3,326,612 -9.0 4.6

11 012 Meat (excl beef), f.c.f. 1,727,365 2,391,926 2,696,685 12.7 13.712 268 Wool & other animal hair (incl tops) 2,017,660 1,921,493 2,248,852 17.0 3.313 061 Sugars, molasses & honey 1,508,787 1,447,584 1,508,209 4.2 -4.114 112 Alcoholic beverages 1,297,887 1,306,716 1,489,927 14.0 2.015 542 Medicaments (incl veterinary) 2,894,426 2,379,765 1,480,778 -37.8 -8.7

16 001 Live animals (excl seafood) 600,260 1,035,547 1,412,474 36.4 15.717 263 Cotton 2,504,861 2,191,000 1,390,845 -36.5 16.018 792 Aircraft, spacecraft & parts 905,812 1,280,464 1,343,862 5.0 19.619 043 Barley (d) 782,831 1,356,037 1,286,317 -5.1 23.620 022 Milk, cream, whey & yoghurt 871,208 1,240,147 1,095,727 -11.6 9.1

Total merchandise exports 201,154,501 231,315,023 211,075,379 -8.7 6.2

Top 20 merchandise imports

1 334 Refined petroleum 15,641,584 18,196,340 17,055,823 -6.3 14.12 781 Passenger motor vehicles 12,306,153 11,998,094 12,568,680 4.8 4.03 764 Telecom equipment & parts 8,233,886 8,290,369 10,268,365 23.9 9.64 333 Crude petroleum 11,573,351 13,420,452 10,043,579 -25.2 -0.95 752 Computers 6,277,755 6,774,526 7,664,697 13.1 5.1

6 782 Goods vehicles 6,208,783 4,802,781 5,156,437 7.4 -0.17 741 Heating & cooling equipment & parts 2,015,255 3,344,462 3,494,568 4.5 17.08 821 Furniture, mattresses & cushions 2,541,212 2,989,062 3,401,176 13.8 9.09 971 Gold 4,356,401 3,995,750 3,124,555 -21.8 -13.9

10 723 Civil engineering equipment & parts 2,998,877 1,860,650 2,962,518 59.2 3.9

11 691 Iron, steel, aluminium structures 2,183,788 2,068,125 2,681,253 29.6 35.612 894 Prams, toys, games & sporting goods 2,088,361 2,418,602 2,586,671 6.9 2.013 778 Electrical machinery & parts, nes 2,026,855 2,286,208 2,571,748 12.5 7.214 893 Plastic articles, nes 1,833,873 2,180,150 2,468,721 13.2 10.115 679 Tubes & pipes of iron or steel 1,455,430 1,704,464 2,343,486 37.5 23.4

16 625 Rubber tyres, treads & tubes 2,495,190 2,267,657 2,169,552 -4.3 4.517 784 Vehicle parts & accessories 2,102,637 2,047,019 2,105,110 2.8 5.318 775 Household-type equipment, nes 1,636,155 1,819,237 2,061,377 13.3 8.119 874 Measuring & analysing instruments 1,629,188 1,809,495 2,018,948 11.6 6.320 699 Manufactures of base metal, nes 1,589,384 1,826,129 2,011,395 10.1 7.8

Total merchandise imports 167,657,606 180,105,676 188,643,395 4.7 5.2

(a) Rank based on 2014-15. (b) May exclude selected confidential export and import commodities. Refer to the DFAT website (http://dfat.gov.au/about-us/publications/trade-investment/Pages/dfat-adjustments-to-abs-official-trade-data.aspx)for more information and a list of the commodities excluded. (c) Mainly Manganese ores & concentrates , Zinc ores & concentratesand Lead ores & concentrates . (d) Only includes data up to March 2015.Based on ABS trade data on DFAT STARS database (ABS catalogue 5368.0) and unpublished ABS data.

TABLE 60: AUSTRALIA'S MERCHANDISE TRADE WITH APEC (a)(b)(A$'000)

- 114 -

% growth

2013-14 to 5 yearRank SITC Commodity 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2014-15 trend

Top 20 merchandise exports

1 971 Gold 2,233,899 2,789,001 4,031,085 44.5 8.72 333 Crude petroleum 3,653,603 3,815,100 2,833,624 -25.7 -3.23 041 Wheat 2,615,041 2,405,291 2,627,800 9.3 8.54 321 Coal 603,313 862,106 1,287,229 49.3 23.25 001 Live animals (excl seafood) 328,978 672,730 1,041,620 54.8 17.4

6 682 Copper 1,355,790 977,695 978,421 0.1 -1.67 684 Aluminium 950,783 976,779 904,510 -7.4 -3.68 036 Crustaceans, f.c.f. 319,149 600,914 750,031 24.8 106.19 022 Milk, cream, whey & yoghurt 472,564 668,397 666,571 -0.3 9.5

10 011 Beef, f.c.f. 428,041 587,192 644,173 9.7 13.0

11 334 Refined petroleum 939,384 761,103 641,523 -15.7 5.512 061 Sugars, molasses & honey 570,476 660,152 556,207 -15.7 -2.913 683 Nickel 550,495 520,154 467,532 -10.1 483.414 263 Cotton 481,441 494,740 429,231 -13.2 4.115 012 Meat (excl beef), f.c.f. 231,401 350,123 425,438 21.5 9.8

16 282 Ferrous waste & scrap 526,931 593,883 354,301 -40.3 4.417 542 Medicaments (incl veterinary) 574,236 498,570 315,540 -36.7 -11.218 283 Copper ores & concentrates 155,647 300,509 299,017 -0.5 14.519 287 Other ores & concentrates (c) 176,851 200,830 267,175 33.0 12.520 281 Iron ores & concentrates 8,503 110,204 266,365 141.7 ..

Total merchandise exports 25,138,259 27,771,537 30,127,981 8.5 7.1

Top 20 merchandise imports

1 333 Crude petroleum 8,908,212 9,678,743 7,319,154 -24.4 -1.92 334 Refined petroleum 9,988,026 9,983,754 7,221,165 -27.7 3.53 782 Goods vehicles 2,936,043 2,853,702 3,316,480 16.2 4.34 781 Passenger motor vehicles 1,786,221 1,554,037 1,864,807 20.0 18.85 764 Telecom equipment & parts 1,195,920 1,454,576 1,731,223 19.0 23.8

6 752 Computers 1,172,863 1,126,698 1,299,971 15.4 -1.17 741 Heating & cooling equipment & parts 583,120 1,093,913 1,265,085 15.6 17.68 098 Edible products & preparations, nes 831,661 840,818 909,256 8.1 33.69 761 Monitors, projectors & TVs 697,915 562,250 790,847 40.7 -10.2

10 691 Iron, steel, aluminium structures 969,467 906,208 782,596 -13.6 55.0

11 728 Specialised machinery & parts 175,373 212,666 692,603 225.7 29.912 821 Furniture, mattresses & cushions 477,959 576,732 646,760 12.1 7.713 775 Household-type equipment, nes 439,203 507,021 589,205 16.2 7.514 037 Seafood, prepared or preserved 441,412 503,336 510,914 1.5 7.515 625 Rubber tyres, treads & tubes 400,837 446,693 461,587 3.3 8.5

16 776 Electronic integrated circuits 217,976 242,407 445,605 83.8 2.617 893 Plastic articles, nes 305,909 380,492 422,060 10.9 12.818 851 Footwear 229,078 281,434 412,832 46.7 25.219 598 Miscellaneous chemical products, nes 78,561 306,169 360,940 17.9 44.420 682 Copper 97,632 239,642 359,086 49.8 58.5

Total merchandise imports 45,556,501 48,236,808 45,459,785 -5.8 3.4

(a) Rank based on 2014-15. (b) May exclude selected confidential export and import commodities. Refer to the DFAT website (http://dfat.gov.au/about-us/publications/trade-investment/Pages/dfat-adjustments-to-abs-official-trade-data.aspx)for more information and a list of the commodities excluded. (c) Mainly Tin ores & concentrates and Zinc ores & concentrates .Based on ABS trade data on DFAT STARS database (ABS catalogue 5368.0) and unpublished ABS data.

TABLE 61: AUSTRALIA'S MERCHANDISE TRADE WITH ASEAN (a)(b)(A$'000)

- 115 -

% growth

2013-14 to 5 yearRank SITC Commodity 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2014-15 trend

Top 20 merchandise exports

1 281 Iron ores & concentrates 57,032,776 74,651,293 54,464,572 -27.0 8.52 321 Coal 34,586,861 36,414,426 34,081,597 -6.4 0.73 971 Gold 11,534,022 11,528,003 12,440,000 7.9 5.94 283 Copper ores & concentrates 5,175,810 5,076,861 5,078,370 0.0 2.15 011 Beef, f.c.f. 3,520,772 4,360,194 5,062,791 16.1 11.2

6 041 Wheat 5,489,269 4,922,674 4,565,895 -7.2 6.97 684 Aluminium 3,423,293 3,640,816 3,869,590 6.3 -1.88 287 Other ores & concentrates (c) 3,391,661 3,516,884 3,341,153 -5.0 0.49 682 Copper 2,941,925 3,584,599 3,257,005 -9.1 4.0

10 333 Crude petroleum 8,795,915 4,518,050 2,909,549 -35.6 -19.8

11 268 Wool & other animal hair (incl tops) 2,171,865 2,119,617 2,431,209 14.7 3.212 012 Meat (excl beef), f.c.f. 1,612,584 2,178,428 2,365,784 8.6 14.813 001 Live animals (excl seafood) 797,556 1,235,504 1,601,587 29.6 9.214 263 Cotton 2,685,917 2,355,008 1,539,279 -34.6 16.115 781 Passenger motor vehicles 1,323,790 1,316,865 1,446,221 9.8 -0.0

16 061 Sugars, molasses & honey 1,308,235 1,345,707 1,385,323 2.9 -3.117 043 Barley (d) 1,251,872 1,792,293 1,331,685 -25.7 14.918 022 Milk, cream, whey & yoghurt 1,007,959 1,513,887 1,272,893 -15.9 8.419 542 Medicaments (incl veterinary) 2,438,935 1,960,070 1,175,141 -40.0 -7.320 289 Precious metal ores & conc (excl gold) 871,264 895,451 1,082,090 20.8 16.1

Total merchandise exports 199,758,071 226,204,427 205,370,525 -9.2 5.5

Top 20 merchandise imports

1 334 Refined petroleum 15,607,417 18,273,539 17,872,583 -2.2 15.12 781 Passenger motor vehicles 10,898,669 10,018,954 10,124,938 1.1 1.13 333 Crude petroleum 11,902,793 12,818,449 10,000,552 -22.0 -1.34 764 Telecom equipment & parts 6,917,705 7,071,538 8,856,195 25.2 9.45 752 Computers 5,793,956 6,194,138 6,818,962 10.1 5.2

6 782 Goods vehicles 4,458,602 4,262,497 4,695,883 10.2 2.37 821 Furniture, mattresses & cushions 2,467,180 2,917,686 3,309,288 13.4 9.48 741 Heating & cooling equipment & parts 1,627,787 2,887,767 2,938,519 1.8 18.79 691 Iron, steel, aluminium structures 2,147,111 2,019,306 2,659,889 31.7 35.7

10 894 Prams, toys, games & sporting goods 1,889,680 2,197,223 2,341,936 6.6 1.4

11 845 Other textile clothing 1,795,069 2,156,746 2,339,908 8.5 8.812 679 Tubes & pipes of iron or steel 1,429,642 1,611,593 2,318,773 43.9 26.313 723 Civil engineering equipment & parts 1,246,915 943,551 2,139,558 126.8 8.014 893 Plastic articles, nes 1,496,877 1,822,569 2,097,941 15.1 11.415 775 Household-type equipment, nes 1,518,348 1,688,255 1,953,653 15.7 9.1

16 778 Electrical machinery & parts, nes 1,542,636 1,743,734 1,907,417 9.4 7.617 761 Monitors, projectors & TVs 1,764,283 1,667,516 1,893,458 13.5 -9.518 625 Rubber tyres, treads & tubes 2,065,842 1,938,727 1,859,979 -4.1 4.219 751 Office machines 1,510,624 1,731,601 1,765,864 2.0 0.120 699 Manufactures of base metal, nes 1,337,906 1,555,570 1,700,381 9.3 9.1

Total merchandise imports 131,535,073 143,413,587 150,712,495 5.1 6.0

(a) Rank based on 2014-15. (b) May exclude selected confidential export and import commodities. Refer to the DFAT website (http://dfat.gov.au/about-us/publications/trade-investment/Pages/dfat-adjustments-to-abs-official-trade-data.aspx)for more information and a list of the commodities excluded. (c) Mainly Manganese ores & concentrates , Zinc ores & concentrates andLead ores & concentrates . (d) Only includes data up to March 2015.Based on ABS trade data on DFAT STARS database (ABS catalogue 5368.0) and unpublished ABS data.

TABLE 62: AUSTRALIA'S MERCHANDISE TRADE WITH ASIA (a)(b)(A$'000)

- 116 -

% growth

2013-14 to 5 yearRank SITC Commodity 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2014-15 trend

Top 20 merchandise exports

1 321 Coal 2,819,748 2,519,938 2,567,202 1.9 -8.22 971 Gold 3,479,411 1,570,524 946,659 -39.7 -25.83 287 Other ores & concentrates (c) 602,933 662,671 808,392 22.0 4.04 112 Alcoholic beverages 614,540 619,721 607,760 -1.9 -7.45 222 Oil-seeds & oleaginous fruits, soft 1,102,882 875,513 550,397 -37.1 22.7

6 667 Pearls & gems 299,507 424,927 372,914 -12.2 7.97 685 Lead 407,265 402,960 345,481 -14.3 0.98 872 Medical instruments (incl veterinary) 207,007 269,191 339,474 26.1 14.49 899 Misc manufactured articles, nes 247,977 296,832 335,980 13.2 7.2

10 951 Gold coin & legal tender coin 447,795 475,456 318,198 -33.1 1.9

11 011 Beef, f.c.f. 308,710 396,353 312,298 -21.2 4.712 268 Wool & other animal hair (incl tops) 254,695 287,459 297,763 3.6 8.513 289 Precious metal ores & conc (excl gold) 373,237 161,531 287,264 77.8 9.414 792 Aircraft, spacecraft & parts 207,618 321,725 274,051 -14.8 11.715 542 Medicaments (incl veterinary) 367,811 309,354 253,218 -18.1 -15.0

16 012 Meat (excl beef), f.c.f. 195,556 262,792 237,710 -9.5 -0.017 057 Fruit & nuts 107,724 230,981 235,044 1.8 29.218 874 Measuring & analysing instruments 172,653 170,405 204,368 19.9 -2.519 681 Silver & platinum 458,620 206,515 201,339 -2.5 48.720 283 Copper ores & concentrates 161,120 143,343 195,269 36.2 14.0

Total merchandise exports 17,380,245 14,938,914 14,245,395 -4.6 -5.9

Top 20 merchandise imports

1 781 Passenger motor vehicles 4,616,982 5,345,819 5,492,143 2.7 9.12 542 Medicaments (incl veterinary) 5,450,309 5,404,595 5,157,640 -4.6 -2.93 541 Pharm products (excl medicaments) 1,509,611 1,545,598 2,018,659 30.6 13.14 874 Measuring & analysing instruments 1,017,130 1,108,527 1,199,742 8.2 3.75 743 Pumps (excl liquid pumps) & parts 1,098,622 971,700 1,164,766 19.9 13.7

6 744 Mechanical handling equip & parts 1,007,580 1,114,856 986,355 -11.5 12.37 899 Misc manufactured articles, nes 771,686 891,237 926,693 4.0 6.48 112 Alcoholic beverages 756,981 874,649 897,226 2.6 8.99 728 Specialised machinery & parts 1,087,295 884,842 768,170 -13.2 0.4

10 782 Goods vehicles 1,275,196 966,570 761,101 -21.3 5.2

11 872 Medical instruments (incl veterinary) 589,169 677,402 735,151 8.5 4.112 553 Perfumery & cosmetics (excl soap) 567,630 685,132 687,808 0.4 6.513 764 Telecom equipment & parts 610,753 710,254 682,358 -3.9 -3.614 784 Vehicle parts & accessories 676,453 732,198 672,279 -8.2 -1.115 723 Civil engineering equipment & parts 1,443,365 842,161 642,719 -23.7 -4.9

16 333 Crude petroleum 724,167 1,324,486 630,026 -52.4 20.317 772 Electrical circuits equipment 593,877 650,963 621,758 -4.5 0.518 775 Household-type equipment, nes 484,374 591,548 593,732 0.4 6.119 778 Electrical machinery & parts, nes 481,923 547,552 563,014 2.8 3.320 741 Heating & cooling equipment & parts 526,662 535,240 561,496 4.9 9.2

Total merchandise imports 47,066,433 51,696,333 49,421,530 -4.4 3.0

(a) Rank based on 2014-15. (b) May exclude selected confidential export and import commodities. Refer to the DFAT website (http://dfat.gov.au/about-us/publications/trade-investment/Pages/dfat-adjustments-to-abs-official-trade-data.aspx)for more information and a list of the commodities excluded. (c) Mainly Zinc ores & concentrates and Lead ores & concentrates . Based on ABS trade data on DFAT STARS database (ABS catalogue 5368.0) and unpublished ABS data.

TABLE 63: AUSTRALIA'S MERCHANDISE TRADE WITH EUROPE (a)(b)(A$'000)

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% growth

2013-14 to 5 yearRank SITC Commodity 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2014-15 trend

Top 20 merchandise exports

1 321 Coal 2,699,037 2,451,222 2,302,640 -6.1 -8.92 287 Other ores & concentrates (c) 575,429 628,933 798,114 26.9 8.43 971 Gold 2,726,061 685,460 618,939 -9.7 -34.94 112 Alcoholic beverages 602,061 604,301 595,097 -1.5 -7.45 222 Oil-seeds & oleaginous fruits, soft 1,102,882 875,513 550,397 -37.1 22.7

6 667 Pearls & gems 288,844 416,197 362,778 -12.8 8.47 685 Lead 407,265 402,960 345,110 -14.4 0.98 872 Medical instruments (incl veterinary) 201,264 253,586 332,083 31.0 14.79 899 Misc manufactured articles, nes 245,226 289,927 323,771 11.7 6.7

10 951 Gold coin & legal tender coin 443,673 474,060 318,001 -32.9 3.1

11 268 Wool & other animal hair (incl tops) 251,497 281,255 292,276 3.9 9.012 011 Beef, f.c.f. 163,612 243,003 285,057 17.3 26.713 289 Precious metal ores & conc (excl gold) 373,177 157,715 282,559 79.2 9.114 792 Aircraft, spacecraft & parts 193,905 276,415 260,109 -5.9 10.215 057 Fruit & nuts 93,086 207,138 221,261 6.8 31.8

16 283 Copper ores & concentrates 161,120 143,343 195,269 36.2 14.017 874 Measuring & analysing instruments 160,379 155,763 188,529 21.0 -2.218 764 Telecom equipment & parts 97,005 145,769 174,730 19.9 9.719 542 Medicaments (incl veterinary) 303,100 252,587 173,037 -31.5 -19.320 012 Meat (excl beef), f.c.f. 116,387 175,599 168,212 -4.2 2.7

Total merchandise exports 15,055,750 12,469,898 12,480,484 0.1 -7.1

Top 20 merchandise imports

1 781 Passenger motor vehicles 4,610,420 5,322,082 5,468,543 2.8 9.02 542 Medicaments (incl veterinary) 4,750,416 4,782,757 4,275,907 -10.6 -4.13 541 Pharm products (excl medicaments) 1,343,043 1,434,693 1,826,363 27.3 16.04 743 Pumps (excl liquid pumps) & parts 1,074,530 945,260 1,141,719 20.8 13.95 874 Measuring & analysing instruments 908,662 1,008,993 1,102,839 9.3 3.8

6 744 Mechanical handling equip & parts 991,742 1,088,093 971,311 -10.7 12.67 112 Alcoholic beverages 752,757 868,948 891,616 2.6 9.08 782 Goods vehicles 1,234,758 936,385 714,467 -23.7 5.89 728 Specialised machinery & parts 1,042,833 819,261 693,238 -15.4 -0.5

10 553 Perfumery & cosmetics (excl soap) 551,880 665,325 664,509 -0.1 6.2

11 764 Telecom equipment & parts 581,166 688,214 661,969 -3.8 -3.112 784 Vehicle parts & accessories 666,330 719,522 658,467 -8.5 -1.313 899 Misc manufactured articles, nes 522,971 597,841 644,792 7.9 5.014 723 Civil engineering equipment & parts 1,430,390 832,709 633,093 -24.0 -5.115 872 Medical instruments (incl veterinary) 524,587 587,633 621,383 5.7 2.3

16 772 Electrical circuits equipment 531,164 588,027 572,478 -2.6 1.317 775 Household-type equipment, nes 425,486 540,366 541,167 0.1 5.918 741 Heating & cooling equipment & parts 505,750 507,777 531,058 4.6 9.619 778 Electrical machinery & parts, nes 447,425 521,207 531,042 1.9 4.120 747 Taps, cocks & valves 585,168 543,604 520,712 -4.2 10.1

Total merchandise imports 42,344,985 46,033,717 44,379,732 -3.6 2.5

(a) Rank based on 2014-15. (b) May exclude selected confidential export and import commodities. Refer to the DFAT website (http://dfat.gov.au/about-us/publications/trade-investment/Pages/dfat-adjustments-to-abs-official-trade-data.aspx)for more information and a list of the commodities excluded. (c) Mainly Zinc ores & concentrates and Lead ores & concentrates .Based on ABS trade data on DFAT STARS database (ABS catalogue 5368.0) and unpublished ABS data.

TABLE 64: AUSTRALIA'S MERCHANDISE TRADE WITH THE EUROPEAN UNION (a)(b)(A$'000)

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% growth

2013-14 to 5 yearRank SITC Commodity 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2014-15 trend

Top 20 merchandise exports

1 333 Crude petroleum 733,134 540,404 377,591 -30.1 -1.72 759 Computer parts & accessories 296,965 332,704 320,177 -3.8 -1.63 041 Wheat 262,645 296,364 318,944 7.6 11.94 781 Passenger motor vehicles 237,959 314,087 286,282 -8.9 4.45 542 Medicaments (incl veterinary) 265,102 271,618 269,825 -0.7 -7.2

6 752 Computers 176,349 205,839 249,914 21.4 12.77 098 Edible products & preparations, nes 257,439 233,708 245,652 5.1 4.88 872 Medical instruments (incl veterinary) 196,552 215,157 242,456 12.7 9.29 723 Civil engineering equipment & parts 313,351 228,836 224,544 -1.9 5.7

10 764 Telecom equipment & parts 129,835 130,429 206,357 58.2 12.1

11 048 Cereal preparations 176,396 179,715 190,769 6.2 -0.612 641 Paper & paperboard 172,155 179,512 184,289 2.7 0.513 784 Vehicle parts & accessories 183,168 174,058 179,885 3.3 3.814 081 Animal feed 178,782 208,188 174,322 -16.3 6.815 553 Perfumery & cosmetics (excl soap) 155,756 155,059 164,749 6.2 1.1

16 892 Printed matter 162,645 177,670 164,286 -7.5 -6.817 012 Meat (excl beef), f.c.f. 127,188 141,814 158,666 11.9 12.018 699 Manufactures of base metal, nes 150,229 133,887 156,152 16.6 -2.819 893 Plastic articles, nes 129,629 145,837 149,183 2.3 4.220 744 Mechanical handling equip & parts 133,846 136,661 133,830 -2.1 6.4

Total merchandise exports 11,152,348 11,290,434 11,489,861 1.8 0.7

Top 20 merchandise imports

1 971 Gold 2,698,583 2,610,968 2,642,027 1.2 -0.32 333 Crude petroleum 1,978,640 2,417,223 2,084,492 -13.8 -2.33 122 Tobacco, manufactured 80,387 407,456 467,354 14.7 98.64 098 Edible products & preparations, nes 353,333 372,956 464,340 24.5 14.45 112 Alcoholic beverages 355,281 396,441 381,484 -3.8 4.8

6 681 Silver & platinum 327,086 354,845 325,514 -8.3 108.47 284 Nickel ores & concentrates 81,083 158,397 235,572 48.7 11.88 024 Cheese & curd 172,193 206,363 225,427 9.2 -0.59 248 Wood, simply worked 191,643 208,155 211,897 1.8 0.5

10 048 Cereal preparations 173,149 176,920 178,762 1.0 5.5

11 057 Fruit & nuts 82,009 137,804 153,356 11.3 11.712 893 Plastic articles, nes 150,691 156,216 151,769 -2.8 2.813 034 Fish, f.c.f. 137,922 145,799 141,908 -2.7 1.514 641 Paper & paperboard 117,655 116,059 115,509 -0.5 -15.315 056 Vegetables, prepared or preserved 97,293 121,441 112,120 -7.7 12.7

16 741 Heating & cooling equipment & parts 111,410 98,520 109,833 11.5 -1.317 073 Chocolate & preparations of cocoa 84,533 105,848 104,987 -0.8 11.718 659 Floor coverings 93,797 106,937 104,171 -2.6 5.819 635 Wood manufactures, nes 64,362 76,219 92,217 21.0 10.620 022 Milk, cream, whey & yoghurt 76,923 101,335 92,051 -9.2 -0.1

Total merchandise imports 10,514,968 11,794,030 11,648,190 -1.2 1.9

(a) Rank based on 2014-15. (b) May exclude selected confidential export and import commodities. Refer to the DFAT website (http://dfat.gov.au/about-us/publications/trade-investment/Pages/dfat-adjustments-to-abs-official-trade-data.aspx)for more information and a list of the commodities excluded.Based on ABS trade data on DFAT STARS database (ABS catalogue 5368.0) and unpublished ABS data.

TABLE 65: AUSTRALIA'S MERCHANDISE TRADE WITH OCEANIA & ANTARCTICA (a)(b)(A$'000)

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% growth

2013-14 to 5 yearRank SITC Commodity 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2014-15 trend

Top 20 merchandise exports

1 321 Coal 22,073,031 21,211,118 19,506,771 -8.0 -3.52 281 Iron ores & concentrates 13,584,457 15,781,308 10,741,070 -31.9 1.53 011 Beef, f.c.f. 3,491,599 4,172,604 6,785,553 62.6 13.14 684 Aluminium 1,851,548 1,981,359 2,512,155 26.8 -1.95 283 Copper ores & concentrates 2,074,278 1,955,872 2,118,367 8.3 -0.5

6 287 Other ores & concentrates (c) 1,959,697 1,877,235 2,041,452 8.7 1.97 012 Meat (excl beef), f.c.f. 982,183 1,270,537 1,629,939 28.3 8.38 112 Alcoholic beverages 1,438,036 1,428,434 1,418,373 -0.7 -5.49 971 Gold 3,974,217 1,930,313 1,334,467 -30.9 -22.9

10 792 Aircraft, spacecraft & parts 912,382 1,234,656 1,334,019 8.0 16.7

11 872 Medical instruments (incl veterinary) 775,280 944,504 1,126,061 19.2 4.312 542 Medicaments (incl veterinary) 1,493,721 1,442,079 1,062,817 -26.3 -9.113 289 Precious metal ores & conc (excl gold) 852,214 590,473 912,473 54.5 14.414 041 Wheat 1,071,413 840,287 893,068 6.3 2.315 061 Sugars, molasses & honey 894,927 679,730 827,551 21.7 -6.0

16 222 Oil-seeds & oleaginous fruits, soft 1,301,323 1,125,473 791,377 -29.7 17.417 899 Misc manufactured articles, nes 520,468 629,766 678,297 7.7 8.818 764 Telecom equipment & parts 446,937 492,987 641,330 30.1 9.319 081 Animal feed 855,874 674,358 619,157 -8.2 -0.920 342 Liquefied propane & butane 922,603 1,057,186 613,308 -42.0 -1.1

Total merchandise exports 101,281,680 104,447,269 100,742,867 -3.5 1.0

Top 20 merchandise imports

1 781 Passenger motor vehicles 15,068,260 15,739,292 16,153,402 2.6 4.42 334 Refined petroleum 5,250,249 7,602,305 8,165,809 7.4 29.03 542 Medicaments (incl veterinary) 6,792,355 6,674,307 6,273,161 -6.0 -2.24 723 Civil engineering equipment & parts 4,041,160 2,374,565 3,312,569 39.5 2.35 874 Measuring & analysing instruments 2,244,750 2,474,447 2,663,095 7.6 4.6

6 782 Goods vehicles 4,447,392 2,877,366 2,545,724 -11.5 -2.77 764 Telecom equipment & parts 2,458,194 2,318,896 2,515,021 8.5 -0.88 541 Pharm products (excl medicaments) 2,040,885 2,066,065 2,506,614 21.3 9.59 743 Pumps (excl liquid pumps) & parts 2,290,366 2,789,182 2,340,300 -16.1 16.8

10 741 Heating & cooling equipment & parts 1,492,035 2,168,707 2,067,379 -4.7 18.4

11 872 Medical instruments (incl veterinary) 1,608,375 1,839,534 2,025,613 10.1 5.812 679 Tubes & pipes of iron or steel 1,127,727 1,328,254 1,937,826 45.9 26.313 784 Vehicle parts & accessories 2,027,452 1,959,287 1,902,076 -2.9 0.614 778 Electrical machinery & parts, nes 1,396,463 1,521,108 1,670,366 9.8 4.015 112 Alcoholic beverages 1,426,579 1,625,507 1,664,765 2.4 7.8

16 899 Misc manufactured articles, nes 1,293,372 1,512,348 1,600,406 5.8 7.217 744 Mechanical handling equip & parts 1,686,178 1,740,398 1,569,972 -9.8 6.318 728 Specialised machinery & parts 1,584,789 1,445,206 1,343,350 -7.0 1.919 553 Perfumery & cosmetics (excl soap) 1,007,778 1,219,708 1,294,575 6.1 6.720 752 Computers 974,593 994,145 1,293,636 30.1 1.9

Total merchandise imports 114,733,798 121,845,495 124,632,883 2.3 3.8

(a) Rank based on 2014-15. (b) May exclude selected confidential export and import commodities. Refer to the DFAT website (http://dfat.gov.au/about-us/publications/trade-investment/Pages/dfat-adjustments-to-abs-official-trade-data.aspx)for more information and a list of the commodities excluded. (c) Mainly Zinc ores & concentrates and Lead ores & concentrates .Based on ABS trade data on DFAT STARS database (ABS catalogue 5368.0) and unpublished ABS data.

TABLE 66: AUSTRALIA'S MERCHANDISE TRADE WITH THE OECD (a)(b)(A$'000)

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% growth

2013-14 to 5 yearRank SITC Commodity 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2014-15 trend

Top 20 merchandise exports

1 281 Iron ores & concentrates 57,074,529 74,670,860 54,464,630 -27.1 8.52 321 Coal 38,639,824 39,959,635 37,885,390 -5.2 -0.93 343 Natural gas 14,270,782 16,304,793 16,903,608 3.7 16.84 971 Gold 15,299,829 13,261,340 13,512,375 1.9 -0.65 011 Beef, f.c.f. 5,051,753 6,421,990 9,039,444 40.8 15.6

6 333 Crude petroleum 9,711,583 10,426,558 8,153,866 -21.8 -2.27 285 Aluminium ores & conc (incl alumina) 5,565,401 6,078,162 7,106,382 16.9 6.58 041 Wheat 6,749,999 6,084,145 5,528,077 -9.1 7.39 283 Copper ores & concentrates 5,336,933 5,220,217 5,274,342 1.0 2.3

10 287 Other ores & concentrates (c) 4,290,668 4,439,605 4,863,746 9.6 2.9

11 684 Aluminium 3,593,197 3,845,875 4,164,510 8.3 -2.012 012 Meat (excl beef), f.c.f. 2,519,897 3,355,584 3,840,734 14.5 12.313 682 Copper 3,100,655 3,712,248 3,370,009 -9.2 3.214 268 Wool & other animal hair (incl tops) 2,472,521 2,454,909 2,781,727 13.3 3.915 334 Refined petroleum 2,932,149 2,815,925 2,511,049 -10.8 0.8

16 112 Alcoholic beverages 1,999,551 2,016,170 2,186,675 8.5 -1.217 781 Passenger motor vehicles 1,706,045 1,935,968 1,990,427 2.8 3.518 542 Medicaments (incl veterinary) 3,416,440 2,860,903 1,912,734 -33.1 -10.419 043 Barley 1,266,864 1,830,558 1,758,068 -4.0 19.520 001 Live animals (excl seafood) 957,006 1,370,203 1,757,975 28.3 7.6

Total merchandise exports 246,979,477 272,921,412 254,625,071 -6.7 4.2

Top 20 merchandise imports

1 781 Passenger motor vehicles 17,329,818 17,833,889 18,707,803 4.9 5.42 334 Refined petroleum 16,843,677 19,202,735 18,073,860 -5.9 13.13 333 Crude petroleum 20,187,143 21,589,759 14,703,611 -31.9 0.84 764 Telecom equipment & parts 8,920,731 9,069,178 11,043,563 21.8 8.25 752 Computers 6,650,157 7,108,352 8,045,630 13.2 4.8

6 542 Medicaments (incl veterinary) 8,020,733 7,673,325 7,075,628 -7.8 -1.67 782 Goods vehicles 7,698,498 6,055,489 6,122,712 1.1 1.38 741 Heating & cooling equipment & parts 2,595,963 3,949,766 4,240,780 7.4 16.09 821 Furniture, mattresses & cushions 2,929,033 3,436,046 3,932,203 14.4 8.7

10 971 Gold 5,168,607 4,767,300 3,772,052 -20.9 -11.5

11 723 Civil engineering equipment & parts 4,638,902 2,876,931 3,739,737 30.0 2.112 874 Measuring & analysing instruments 2,741,357 3,012,380 3,316,323 10.1 5.113 778 Electrical machinery & parts, nes 2,567,305 2,882,526 3,186,326 10.5 6.314 743 Pumps (excl liquid pumps) & parts 2,952,277 3,686,833 3,157,420 -14.4 7.515 679 Tubes & pipes of iron or steel 2,002,182 2,259,843 3,055,009 35.2 20.2

16 893 Plastic articles, nes 2,189,004 2,603,454 2,892,965 11.1 8.717 691 Iron, steel, aluminium structures 2,356,290 2,408,729 2,891,065 20.0 33.418 894 Prams, toys, games & sporting goods 2,300,985 2,649,474 2,879,962 8.7 2.119 784 Vehicle parts & accessories 2,842,059 2,835,195 2,838,863 0.1 3.320 775 Household-type equipment, nes 2,317,844 2,619,745 2,823,588 7.8 7.3

Total merchandise imports 236,243,484 252,200,062 256,456,129 1.7 4.8

(a) Rank based on 2014-15. (b) May exclude selected confidential export and import commodities. Refer to the DFAT website (http://dfat.gov.au/about-us/publications/trade-investment/Pages/dfat-adjustments-to-abs-official-trade-data.aspx)for more information and a list of the commodities excluded. (c) Mainly Manganese ores & concentrates , Zinc ores & concentrates andLead ores & concentrates .Based on ABS trade data on DFAT STARS database (ABS catalogue 5368.0) and unpublished ABS data.

TABLE 67: AUSTRALIA'S MERCHANDISE TRADE WITH ALL COUNTRIES (a)(b)(A$'000)

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Technical appendices

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Appendix A Explanatory Notes

Introduction Composition of Trade 2014-15 provides details of Australia's goods and services trade, export markets, and sources of imports for the years 2012-13 to 2014-15 and in selected tables from 2009-10.

This publication is divided into two major segments. The first part examines Australia’s trade in goods and services on a balance of payments basis. It consists of three sections – Section 1 provides summary data on Australia's trade in goods and services showing current price values, chain volume measures, movements in export and import prices and the terms of trade. Also included is a commodity ranking for goods and services. Section 2 shows Australia's direction of goods and services trade, including ranking tables. Section 3 provides Australia’s composition of services trade by type of activity and direction of services trade.

Part two examines Australia’s merchandise trade on a recorded trade basis. It consists of four sections – Section 4 shows Australia’s merchandise trade by level of processing, including data on Australian produced exports. Section 5 provides commodity rankings for Australia's merchandise trade, exports and imports. Section 6 provides a ranking of Australia's merchandise trade by country and data on selected country groups. Section 7 gives the top 20 commodity exports and imports details for Australia’s top 25 merchandise trading partners.

This publication should be used in conjunction with DFAT’S time series trade data products available on the DFAT website in Microsoft Excel format. The website contains the following products.

i) Three MS Excel time series spreadsheets covering:

a. Australia’s trade in goods and services with all countries and country groups

b. Australia’s trade and economic indicators – historical data

c. Australia’s direction of merchandise trade – historical data

ii) Two MS Excel Pivot tables:

• Australia's merchandise exports and imports by all countries and selected country groups by SITC at the 3-digit level and;

• Australia's merchandise exports and imports by all countries and selected country groups by DFAT's TRIEC at the 1-, 2-, 3- and 4-digit levels.

Data sources The trade data on a balance of payments basis in Sections 1, 2, and 3 and the chain volume and price index data has been sourced from the Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Australia, September quarter 2015 (ABS catalogue 5302.0). The partner country services data was sourced from the International Trade: Supplementary Information, financial year, 2014-15 (ABS catalogue 5368.0.55.003/4).

The merchandise trade statistics used to compile this publication are derived by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) from information provided to the Department of Immigration and Border Protection by exporters and importers. ABS editing procedures frequently lead to revisions of previously published trade data and may occur for up to seven months after the reference period. Most of these revisions occur in the first month after the reference period.

DFAT uses merchandise trade data published three months after the reference period as a close proxy for final trade data for this period. For the 2014-15 financial reference year, ABS monthly merchandise trade data as at September 2015 have been used.

This allows DFAT to release its trade publications (and associated country/economic fact sheets) in a more timely fashion, and on a more consistent basis, than awaiting the release of the final trade data for 2014-15, seven months after the reference period. The minor revisions to the current reference period published after this point will be incorporated in the next financial year issue of this publication.

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DFAT adjustment to official ABS merchandise trade statistics DFAT has made a number of adjustments to the official trade statistics as published by the ABS. Please refer to Appendix G in this publication for more information.

Confidential data in ABS trade statistics Merchandise trade

To avoid divulging commercially-sensitive details of individual firms, the ABS restricts release of statistics on certain commodities. Such details are aggregated into a ‘dump’ item (SITC code 988) or (TRIEC code 3041) in most tables. Appendices D and E list the restrictions applied to confidential export items and the countries most affected. It is worth noting that commodities are frequently added to the confidential list, e.g. as live cattle was in October 2015. In such cases the value shown for trade in aggregates containing these items will show a decrease.

Alumina exports – Bahrain, Egypt and Iceland

The partner country total value for exports up to 2012 will be correct except for total exports to Bahrain, Egypt and Iceland (from March 1992 to December 2012) which exclude alumina exports. These exports are coded to a ‘confidential country’ category and cannot be separately identified. As a result, the values of exports to these countries are understated in aggregate by the following amounts: $557 million in 2009-10; $446 million in 2010-11; $513 million in 2011-12 and $172 million in 2012-13.

Exports June 2013 to present

The ABS announced that it had changed the method used in confidentialising data for merchandise exports from the month of June 2013 onwards. Export data commodities that have the confidentiality restrictions of "No commodity details" or "No value details" are now aggregated into a single confidential country code.

For export data prior to June 2013, these data are added back into the appropriate country totals (i.e. these totals show the correct level of trade). From June 2013 the confidential data are not being added back into the appropriate country totals. Instead they are published as "No country details" in total Australian export data.

As a result, the values of exports by partner country are understated in aggregate by the following amounts: $596 million in 2012-13, $5.7 billion in in 2013-14 and $6.2 billion in 2014-15.

Given the importance of accurate trade data, the DFAT has been working with the ABS to find a solution which will allow accurate partner country export/import totals on a financial and calendar year basis to be published while maintaining business confidentiality. As a result the ABS was able to provide calendar and financial year export and import totals to DFAT for selected trading partners for the periods affected as an unpublished dataset.

However the ABS was not able to provide actual export and import totals for all countries (refer to Appendix G for a list of countries that were provided by the ABS). As a result, the values of exports to selected partner countries are understated in aggregate from June 2013 onwards.

Imports September 2008 to present

The ABS announced that it had changed the method used in confidentialising data for merchandise imports from the month of September 2008 onwards. Import data commodities that have the confidentiality restrictions of "No commodity details" or "No value details" are now aggregated into a single confidential country code.

For import data prior to September 2008, these data are added back into the appropriate country totals (i.e. these totals show the correct level of trade). From September 2008 the confidential data are not being added back into the appropriate country totals. Instead they are published as "No country details" in total Australian import data. Of the commodity codes affected by this change, Aircraft, spacecraft & related parts Natural gas and would make up the most significant component.

As a result, the values of imports by partner country are understated in aggregate by the following amounts: $5.7 billion in 2009-10; $5.9 billion in 2010-11; $6.7 billion in 2011-12; $4.3 billion in 2012-13; $5.8 billion in 2013-14 and $7.0 billion in 2014-15.

As with exports above the ABS has been able to release selected country actual total imports as an unpublished dataset (refer to Appendix G for a list of countries that were provided by the ABS). As a result, the values of imports to selected partner countries are understated in aggregate from September 2008 onwards.

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Bulk wheat exports by partner country

The value of Bulk wheat exports by partner country was confidential in ABS merchandise trade statistics up to April 2009 and was included in confidential item (SITC 988), however the quantity data by partner was published.

From this date, the ABS removed this restriction for Bulk wheat exports. Users should be particularly careful in interpreting movements in wheat exports values by partner country between 2008-09 and 2009-10 as the reported value of Wheat exports will include Bulk wheat from April 2009 onwards.

Barley and Lupins exports by partner country

The value of Barley and Lupins exports by partner country is released by the ABS after a six month lag. The data is automatically incorporated into the ABS merchandise trade data after this period. In this publication, Barley exports for 2014-15 include only exports up to March 2015. Exports of Barley for the period April to June 2015 are included in confidential items.

For further information

To assist users of Australian trade data, the ABS publishes a monthly list of all Australian Harmonized Export Commodity Classification (AHECC) and Harmonized Tariff Item Statistical Code (HTISC) commodities with confidential restrictions in place in the publication International Merchandise Trade: Confidential Commodities List (ABS catalogue 5372.0.55.001). This publication is an essential reference guide for users of ABS merchandise export statistics to ensure they are interpreting the trade statistics correctly.

DFAT has also written a number of articles on confidential in ABS merchandise trade statistics. A number of these articles are updated on a regular basis. The most useful articles include:

• Confidentiality in Australian merchandise export statistics • Impact of ABS confidential restrictions on exports of Nickel (updated annually) • Australia's imports of aircraft & parts (updated twice a year)

The articles are available on the DFAT website.

Services

To avoid divulging commercially-sensitive details of individual firms, the ABS restricts release of statistics on certain services activities.

The ABS uses perturbation to confidentialise trade in services statistics. Using the perturbation methodology, the data will be perturbed, that is, have noise added to protect the confidential cells. For example, if a cell was deemed to be confidential the ABS would subtract a small amount from another cell or cells, to add to the confidential cell, to ensure that confidentiality was not breached. In most cases the level of perturbation is not significant and should have minimal impact on the analysis of trade in services data.

However, for Transport services the perturbation methodology could not be applied due to the small number of businesses in this sector. As a result only a limited number of series can be published.

Recorded trade basis vs BOP basis The data on merchandise trade in this publication are measured on a recorded trade basis, based upon quantities and values of goods measured as they cross the Australian customs frontier. They can differ from data presented under the balance of payments (BOP) basis in terms of coverage, valuation and timing. The following table shows the differences between goods data on a BOP basis and merchandise trade data on a recorded trade basis.

The large differences for imports is mainly caused by low-valued imports (refer to DFAT’s Low value threshold goods article in this publication for more information) and an ABS adjustment to capital goods which Australia has taken ownership of but have not yet crossed the customs frontier.

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Australia's goods trade Recorded trade basis vs Balance of payments (BOP) basis

Exports 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15

A$m A$m A$m

Recorded trade basis 246,979 272,921 254,625

BOP adjustments 1,903 950 1,342

Balance of payments basis 248,882 273,871 255,967

Imports 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15

A$m A$m A$m

Recorded trade basis 236,243 252,200 256,456

BOP adjustments 17,243 15,230 13,671

Balance of payments basis 253,486 267,430 270,127

Balance on goods trade 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15

A$m A$m A$m

Recorded trade basis 10,736 20,721 -1,831

BOP adjustments -15,340 -14,280 -12,329

Balance of payments basis -4,604 6,441 -14,160

Based on ABS trade data on DFAT STARS database & ABS catalogue 5368.0.

Commodity classification Balance of payments - goods

Australia’s BOP statistics are compiled in accordance with the latest international standards determined by the International Monetary Fund, and published in Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual, Sixth edition, 2008 (BPM6).

Exports of goods in Australia’s BOP are classified into three major components: General merchandise, Net exports of goods under merchanting and Non-monetary gold. For the General merchandise component, the underlying classification scheme for exports is the United Nations’ Standard International Trade - Classification (SITC Rev4). The classification is broken down into Rural goods (with four underlying series) and Non-rural goods (with nine underlying series).

Imports of goods in Australia’s BOP are classified into two major components: General merchandise and Non-monetary gold. For General merchandise imports are broken into three ‘end use’ categories – Consumption goods, Capital goods and Intermediate and other goods, in accordance with the United Nations’ Classification by Broad Economic Categories (BEC).

Balance of payments - Services

Australia's BOP defines services as comprising services provided between Australian residents and non-residents, together with some transactions in goods where, by international agreement, it is not practical to separate the goods and services components (e.g. goods purchased by travellers are classified as services).

Services delivered to non-residents through a foreign branch or subsidiary, for example, services rendered to an Asian company by a branch office of an Australian legal firm in Bangkok, are not defined as a BOP transaction. However, services delivered by a parent company to a foreign-resident subsidiary are defined as international services. Any profits or dividends remitted between an enterprise in Australia and a related enterprise abroad are regarded as an income transaction, not as a service in Australia’s BOP.

The ABS Extended Balance of Payments services classification (EBOP) is based on the UN publication Manual on Statistics of International Trade in Services. This is an extended services classification that is fully compatible with the BPM6.

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In this classification, services commodities are broken down into 12 major groups: Manufacturing services on physical inputs owned by others; Maintenance & repair; Transport; Travel; Construction; Insurance & pension; Financial; Charges for the use of intellectual property; Telecommunication, computer & information; Other business; Personal, cultural & recreational; and Government services and around 60 detailed services commodities.

For a more detailed explanation of ABS trade in services methodology and classifications please refer to the DFAT publication, Trade in Services Australia.

United Nation’s Standard International Trade Classification

In this publication, trade is disaggregated by two classifications: the merchandise Trade Import and Export Classification (TRIEC); and the United Nation’s (UN) Standard International Trade Classification, Revision 4 (SITCr4). The United Nations SITC is a hierarchical trade commodity classification with five different levels, with the 5-digit codes aggregating to the 4-digit level and so on to the 1-digit level. SITC does not include services.

Data in this publication which have been classified according to SITCr4 are shown at the Group (3-digit) level. There are 264 categories at this level.

For more information on the UN SITCr4 classification please refer to the UN Statistics Division website.

DFAT’s Trade Import and Export Classification

TRIEC was developed by DFAT’s Economic Diplomacy & Trade Advocacy and Statistics Section (EDS) to provide information on Australia’s merchandise trade by level of processing to meet specific analytical needs of the Department.

TRIEC is a secondary classification created from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) Australian Harmonized Export Commodity Classification (AHECC) at the 4-digit level (with some 6-digit codes) for exports and the Harmonized Tariff Item Statistical Code (HTISC) at the 4-digit level (with some 6-digit codes) for imports.

TRIEC is fully compatible with the International Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System (HS) and as a result can be used to interrogate partner country merchandise trade statistics.

TRIEC broadly classifies merchandise trade into Primary products, Manufactured products and Other goods (mainly Non-monetary gold and Confidential trade). Appendix H lists the TRIEC classification codes and descriptors

Primary products

Primary products in most cases are used as inputs into other products (with the exception of some refined fuels and processed foods and beverages).

Primary products are further classified as those that have no additional processing (such as mineral ores) and those that undergo some further processing in Australia (i.e. such as beverages, frozen and preserved food products and refined minerals and fuels).

Manufactured products

Manufactured products are further classified as either ‘Simply transformed’ (STM) or ‘Elaborately transformed’ (ETM):

• STM consist mainly of basic metal manufactures, chemicals and other intermediate manufactured goods which will be used as inputs into other goods; and

• ETM are defined as products with unique features which permit their identification as differentiated products on world markets, i.e. ‘finished goods’. ETM comprise the bulk of world trade in manufactures.

Although there are inevitably some items for which the distinction between STM and ETM may seem rather arbitrary, the overall distinction between STM and ETM provides an important basis for analysing the performance of Australia's manufactured trade.

More information on the TRIEC classification can be found on the DFAT website.

Ranking of goods and services

See Appendix F for the methodology and issues with ranking combined ABS goods and services data.

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Valuation Merchandise trade

Exports: Valued at the free-on-board (f.o.b.) basis at the Australian port-of-shipment. Charges for distributive services provided beyond the customs frontier are not included (e.g. international freight and insurance charges).

Imports: Valued at the Australian Customs Value for Australian data. This is based on the price actually paid, provided the buyer and seller are independent, on a f.o.b. basis, i.e. charges and expenses involved in delivering the goods from the place of exportation to Australia are excluded.

Services trade

Services statistics are based on market price for both credit (export) and debit (import) entries. This is in accordance with the latest international standards determined by the International Monetary Fund and published in the BPM6.

Country Data for a particular country or group are given on a basis consistent with the composition as at the end of the reference period for this publication (in this issue, June 2015).

For exports, ‘country’ refers to the final destination as reported by exporters. It is understood, however, that exporters may not know the country of final destination of their goods at the time they are shipped. This applies particularly to goods directed through entrepôts such as Singapore, Hong Kong (SAR of China), and major European ports, with a consequent overstating of Australia's exports to these countries and corresponding understatement of exports to countries ‘down stream’ from them. For imports, ‘country’ refers to the country of origin of the goods, which is defined as the country of production for customs purposes.

The geographic country groups are based on the ABS Standard Australian Classification of Countries (SACC), 2011 (ABS catalogue 1269.0), with a few minor exceptions. Turkey is included in Europe not the Middle East as recommended in the SACC, Bermuda is included in the Caribbean not North America. These exceptions allow goods and services data to be added together on a consistent basis.

The Pacific Islands country group has been created for departmental needs and consists of the following SACC country and minor country group codes: Australia (SACC code 1101), Norfolk Island (1102), New Zealand (1201), Melanesia (13), Micronesia (14) and Polynesia (excl Hawaii) (15).

Country groups are detailed in Appendix B.

Implications of G20 membership for data analysis

Users should exercise care in interpreting the data. Particular care should be taken as France, Germany, Italy and the United Kingdom are members of the G20 and also the EU28. Accordingly, there is a danger of double-counting data from these members. As such the G20 total in the data tables is not the sum of each of the members’ data as this will constitute double-counting of France, Germany, Italy and the United Kingdom. The G20 total is the sum of the EU28 plus other members (excepting France, Germany, Italy and the United Kingdom).

Merchandise trade

Although not members of APEC, Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands have been included in the APEC United States’ total as they are regarded by the United States as part of its customs zone. When the United States reports its total exports it includes exports from these two self-governing territories. This change was made to make Australian and United States data more consistent.

Services trade

Data from 2009 to August 2013 refers to the European Union 27. From September 2013 data refers to the European Union 28.

The OECD includes Chile from March 2010; Israel and Slovenia from July 2010 and Estonia from October 2010.

Australian produced exports In line with UN recommendations total exports are defined to include re-exports, which are ‘goods, materials or articles originally imported and then exported in the same condition or after having undergone only minor operations that leave them essentially unchanged’. The remainder of total exports is Australian produced. The

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distinction between the two categories has most relevance in the analysis of Elaborately Transformed Manufactures (ETM), where re-exports represent a significant proportion of total exports.

In this publication, data for Total exports and Australian produced exports have been included in Section 4 Australia merchandise trade by level of processing.

Forecasts of cane sugar exports For many years, export trade data for Raw cane sugar and Non-industrial diamonds has been excluded from the monthly merchandise trade data set published by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), and only separately released on a quarterly basis. The diamond data is available up to the most recent quarter, although the Raw cane sugar data is released after a six month lag. In this publication ABS actual Raw cane sugar data was available up to the March quarter 2015.

DFAT statistical products now incorporate the export data for Raw cane sugar and Non-industrial diamonds into its calendar and financial year tables. This provides a more complete trade data set for enhancing trade data analysis.

To overcome the data lag for Raw cane sugar exports, DFAT has estimated data for the June quarter 2015 for these exports using data from the Australian Bureau for Agricultural and Resources Economics and Sciences (ABARES) and partner-country import data from Australia’s major Raw cane sugar export markets.

Tourism Satellite Account A satellite account provides an expansion of Australia’s national accounts for a selected area of interest, in this case tourism. The Tourism Satellite Account (TSA) provides a means by which the economic aspects of tourism (including cross border activity) can be analysed separately from the main national accounts

The concepts used in Australia’s TSA are based on international standards set out in the United Nations World Tourism Organization – The Tourism Satellite Account Recommended Methodological Framework 2008.

The term ‘tourism’ in these international standards is not restricted to leisure activity. It also includes travel for business, education and other reasons. The central statistical entity in these tourism statistics is the ‘visitor’. The standards define a visitor as a traveller taking a trip to a destination outside their usual environment for less than one year for any purpose other than to be employed by the resident country or place visited.

For more information regarding the TSA please refer to the ABS publication: Tourism Satellite Account, Australian National Accounts (ABS catalogue 5249.0).

ABS Chain volume measures To enable analysis of the movements of goods and services in ‘real’ terms, estimates of chain volume measures are presented in Table 1 and 3 in this publication.

Estimates of ‘real’ growth are compiled by the ABS, using chain volume measures. Chain volume measures are derived by deflating the original current price series by specifically compiled measures of price change. The reference year for chain volume measures is the year prior to the latest complete financial year incorporated into the publication. The reference year is updated with the completion of estimates for each financial year.

Prior to the reference year, chain volume measures are not additive, in that the component chain volume measures of an aggregate will not add through to the chain volume measure of the total aggregate. For further information on chain volume measures refer to the ABS publication: Information paper, Australian National Accounts, Introduction of Chain Volume and Price Indexes (ABS catalogue 5248.0).

Implicit price deflator (IPD) The IPDs used in this publication are derived by dividing current price series by the corresponding chain volume measure.

Terms of trade The terms of trade shows a country's export prices relative to its import prices. A rise in the index implies an improvement in a country’s terms of trade, enabling it to purchase more imports from the same amount of exports. A fall in the index implies deterioration in a country’s terms of trade, requiring it to export more to purchase the

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same amount of imports. Movements in the terms of trade are used in assessing the changing purchasing power of exports over imports, analysing real income, and evaluating the level of consumption that can be sustained in the domestic economy.

The terms of trade are measured using the following index:

Implicit price deflator (IPD) for the export (credit) item divided by the IPD for the import (debit) item, multiplied by 100.

The IPDs are derived by dividing current price series by the corresponding chain volume measure for exports and imports.

Trend growth rates Trend growth is derived by log-linear regression using the least squares method. It is a more robust measure than the ‘average’ annual growth rate as it takes account of all observations and, as such, is less likely to be affected by the end points of a given period.

Total trade Total trade is the sum of exports and imports. This is a useful measurement of the overall trading relationship between Australia and its trading partners. Total trade data is useful in ranking Australia’s major trading partners, without a bias towards ranking only the larger export markets, or the larger import sources.

Balance of trade The balance of trade is the difference between exports and imports. When exports exceed imports this is referred to as a trade surplus, when imports exceed exports this is referred to as a trade deficit.

This publication was compiled by Julie-Anne Andrew, Neil Batty and Frank Bingham.

If you would like to know more about these statistics or about other trade and economic publications produced by DFAT, please email statssection@dfat.gov.au.

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Appendix B Composition of regions and country groups

used in all DFAT trade statistical publications

Africa Central & West Africa; North Africa; Southern & East Africa Algeria; Angola; Benin; Botswana; British Indian Ocean Territory; Burkina Faso; Burundi; Cabo Verde; Cameroon; Central African Republic; Chad; Comoros; Cote D’Ivoire; Dem. Rep. of Congo; Djibouti; Egypt; Equatorial Guinea; Eritrea; Ethiopia; Gabon; Gambia; Ghana; Guinea; Guinea-Bissau; Kenya; Lesotho; Liberia; Libya; Madagascar; Malawi; Mali; Mauritania; Mauritius; Mayotte; Morocco; Mozambique; Namibia; Niger; Nigeria; Reunion; Republic of Congo; Rwanda; Sao Tome & Principe; Senegal; Seychelles; Sierra Leone; Somalia; South Africa; South Sudan; Sudan; St Helena; Swaziland; Tanzania; Togo; Tunisia; Uganda; Western Sahara, Zambia; Zimbabwe.

Antarctica Antarctica; Australian Antarctic Territory; British Antarctic Territory; French Southern & Antarctic Territories; Ross Dependency.

Americas Caribbean; Central America; North America; South America Anguilla; Antigua & Barbuda; Argentina; Aruba; Bahamas; Barbados; Belize; Bermuda; Bolivia; Bonaire, Sint Eustatius & Saba; Brazil; Canada; Cayman Is.; Chile; Colombia; Costa Rica; Cuba; Curacao; Dominica; Dominican Republic; Ecuador; El Salvador; Falkland Is.; French Antilles; French Guiana; Grenada; Guadeloupe; Guatemala; Guyana; Haiti; Honduras; Jamaica; Martinique; Mexico; Montserrat; Nicaragua; Panama; Paraguay; Peru; Puerto Rico; Sint Maarten; St Barthelemy; St Kitts & Nevis; St Lucia; St Martin; St Pierre & Miquelon; St Vincent & Grenadines; Suriname; Trinidad & Tobago; Turks & Caicos Is.; UK Virgin Is.; US Virgin Is.; United States; Uruguay; Venezuela.

APEC Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Australia; Brunei; Canada; Chile; China; Hong Kong China; Indonesia; Japan; Malaysia; Mexico; New Zealand; Papua New Guinea; Peru; Philippines; Republic of Korea; Russian Federation; Singapore; Chinese Taipei; Thailand; United States (incl Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Is.); Vietnam.

ASEAN Association of South East Asian Nations Brunei; Cambodia; Indonesia; Laos; Malaysia; Myanmar; Philippines; Singapore; Thailand; Vietnam.

Asia Central Asia; Middle East; North Asia; South East Asia; Southern Asia Afghanistan; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Bahrain; Bangladesh; Bhutan; Brunei; Burma; Cambodia; China; Democratic People’s Republic of Korea; Georgia; Hong Kong (SAR of China); India; Indonesia; Iran; Iraq; Israel; Japan; Jordan; Kazakhstan; Kuwait; Kyrgyzstan; Laos; Lebanon; Macau (SAR of China); Malaysia; Maldives; Mongolia; Nepal; Oman; Pakistan; Palestinian Territories; Philippines; Qatar; Republic of Korea; Saudi Arabia; Singapore; Sri Lanka; Syria; Taiwan; Tajikistan; Thailand; Timor-Leste; Turkmenistan; United Arab Emirates; Uzbekistan; Vietnam; Yemen.

Cairns Group Argentina; Australia; Bolivia; Brazil; Canada; Chile; Colombia; Costa Rica; Guatemala; Indonesia; Malaysia; New Zealand; Pakistan; Paraguay; Peru; Philippines; South Africa; Thailand; Uruguay.

Caribbean Anguilla; Antigua & Barbuda; Aruba; Bahamas; Barbados; Bermuda; Bonaire, Sint Eustatius & Saba; Cayman Is.; Cuba; Curacao; Dominica; Dominican Republic; French Antilles; Grenada; Guadeloupe; Haiti; Jamaica; Martinique; Montserrat; [Netherlands Antilles]; Puerto Rico; Sint Maarten; St Barthelemy; St Kitts & Nevis; St Lucia; St Martin; St Vincent & Grenadines; Trinidad & Tobago; Turks & Caicos Is.; UK Virgin Is.; US Virgin Is.

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Central & West Africa Benin; Burkina Faso; Cabo Verde; Cameroon; Central African Republic; Chad; Cote D’Ivoire; Dem. Rep. of Congo; Equatorial Guinea; Gabon; Gambia; Ghana; Guinea; Guinea-Bissau; Liberia; Mali; Mauritania; Niger; Nigeria; Republic of Congo; Sao Tome & Principe; Senegal; Sierra Leone; Togo.

Central America Belize; Costa Rica; El Salvador; Guatemala; Honduras; Mexico; Nicaragua; Panama.

Central Asia Afghanistan; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Georgia; Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan.

East Asia North Asia; South East Asia.

Eastern Europe Belarus; Czech Republic; Estonia; Hungary; Latvia; Lithuania; Poland; Russian Federation; Slovak Republic; Ukraine.

EFTA European Free Trade Association Iceland; Norway; Switzerland.

Europe Eastern Europe; Northern Europe; South Eastern Europe; Southern Europe; Western Europe Aland Is.; Albania; Andorra; Austria; Belarus; Belgium; Bosnia & Herzegovina; Bulgaria; Croatia; Cyprus; Czech Republic; Denmark; Estonia; Faeroe Is.; Finland; France; FYR Macedonia; Germany; Gibraltar; Greece; Greenland; Holy See; Hungary; Iceland; Ireland; Italy; Kosovo; Latvia; Liechtenstein; Lithuania; Luxembourg; Malta; Moldova; Monaco; Montenegro; Netherlands; Norway; Poland; Portugal; Romania; Russian Federation; San Marino; Serbia; Slovak Republic; Slovenia; Spain; Sweden; Switzerland; Turkey; Ukraine; United Kingdom.

EU 27 European Union 27 Austria; Belgium; Bulgaria; Cyprus; Czech Republic; Denmark; Estonia; Finland; France; Germany; Greece; Hungary; Ireland; Italy; Latvia; Lithuania; Luxembourg; Malta; Netherlands; Poland; Portugal; Romania; Slovak Republic; Slovenia; Spain; Sweden; United Kingdom.

EU 28 European Union 28 Austria; Belgium; Bulgaria; Croatia; Cyprus; Czech Republic; Denmark; Estonia; Finland; France; Germany; Greece; Hungary; Ireland; Italy; Latvia; Lithuania; Luxembourg; Malta; Netherlands; Poland; Portugal; Romania; Slovak Republic; Slovenia; Spain; Sweden; United Kingdom.

Euro area Austria; Belgium; Cyprus; Estonia; Finland; France; Germany; Greece; Ireland; Italy; Latvia; Lithuania; Luxembourg; Malta; Netherlands; Portugal; Slovak Republic; Slovenia; Spain.

Gulf Cooperation Bahrain; Kuwait; Oman; Qatar; Saudi Arabia; United Arab Emirates. Council

G20 Group of twenty Argentina; Australia; Brazil; Canada; China; European Union; France; Germany; India; Indonesia; Italy; Japan; Republic of Korea; Mexico; Russian Federation; Saudi Arabia; South Africa; Turkey; United Kingdom; United States.

IORA Indian Ocean Rim Association Australia; Bangladesh; Comoros; India; Indonesia; Iran; Kenya; Madagascar; Malaysia; Mauritius; Mozambique; Oman; Seychelles; Singapore; South Africa; Sri Lanka; Tanzania; Thailand; United Arab Emirates; Yemen.

Latin America Central America; South America.

Middle East Bahrain; Iran; Iraq; Israel; Jordan; Kuwait; Lebanon; Oman; Palestinian Territories; Qatar; Saudi Arabia; Syria; United Arab Emirates; Yemen.

NAFTA North America Free Trade Agreement Canada; Mexico; Puerto Rico; United States; US Virgin Is.

North Africa Algeria; Egypt; [Former Sudan]; Libya; Morocco; South Sudan; Sudan; Tunisia; Western Sahara.

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North America Canada; St Pierre & Miquelon; United States.

North Asia China; Democratic People’s Republic of Korea; Hong Kong (SAR of China); Japan; Macau (SAR of China); Mongolia; Republic of Korea; Taiwan.

Northern Europe Aland Is.; Denmark; Faeroe Is.; Finland; Greenland; Iceland; Ireland; Norway; Sweden; United Kingdom.

Oceania & Antarctica Antarctica; Other Oceania; Pacific Islands American Samoa; Antarctica; Australia; Australian Antarctic Territory; British Antarctic Territory; Christmas Is.; Cocos Keeling Is.; Cook Is.; Federated States of Micronesia; Fiji; French Polynesia; French Southern & Antarctic Terr.; Guam; Heard & McDonald Is., Johnston & Sand Is.; Kiribati; Marshall Is.; Midway Is.; Nauru; New Caledonia; New Zealand; Niue; Norfolk Is.; Northern Marianas; Palau; Papua New Guinea; Pitcairn Is.; Ross Dependency; Samoa; Solomon Is.; Tokelau; Tonga; Trust Territory of Pacific Is.; Tuvalu; US Pacific Is.; Vanuatu; Wake Is.; Wallis & Futuna Is.

OECD Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development Australia; Austria; Belgium; Canada; Chile; Czech Republic; Denmark; Estonia; Finland; France; Germany; Greece; Hungary; Iceland; Ireland; Israel; Italy; Japan; Luxembourg; Mexico; Netherlands; New Zealand; Norway; Poland; Portugal; Republic of Korea; Slovak Republic; Slovenia; Spain; Sweden; Switzerland; Turkey; United Kingdom; United States.

Other Oceania Christmas Island; Cocos Keeling Islands; Heard & McDonald Islands, French Southern Territory; Johnston & Sand Islands; Midway Island; US Pacific Islands; Wake Island.

Pacific Islands1 American Samoa; Australia; Cook Island; Federated States of Micronesia; Fiji; French Polynesia; Guam; Kiribati; Marshall Islands; Nauru; New Caledonia; New Zealand; Niue; Norfolk Island; Northern Marianas; Palau; Papua New Guinea; Pitcairn Island; Samoa; Solomon Islands; Tokelau; Tonga; Tuvalu; Vanuatu; Wallis & Futuna Islands.

Pacific Islands Forum Australia; Cook Islands; Federated States of Micronesia; Fiji; Kiribati; Marshall Is.; Countries Nauru; New Zealand; Niue; Palau; Papua New Guinea; Samoa; Solomon Islands;

Tonga; Tuvalu; Vanuatu.

South America Argentina; Bolivia; Brazil; Chile; Colombia; Ecuador; Falkland Is.; French Guiana; Guyana; Paraguay; Peru; Suriname; Uruguay; Venezuela.

South East Asia Brunei; Burma; Cambodia; Indonesia; Laos; Malaysia; Philippines; Singapore; Thailand; Timor-Leste; Vietnam.

South Eastern Europe Albania; Bosnia & Herzegovina; Bulgaria; Croatia; Cyprus; FYR Macedonia; Greece; Kosovo; Moldova; Montenegro; Romania; Serbia; Slovenia; Turkey.

Southern & East Africa Angola; Botswana; British Indian Ocean Territories; Burundi; Comoros; Djibouti; Eritrea; Ethiopia; Kenya; Lesotho; Madagascar; Malawi; Mauritius; Mayotte; Mozambique; Namibia; Reunion; Rwanda; Seychelles; Somalia; South Africa; St Helena; Swaziland; Tanzania; Uganda; Zambia; Zimbabwe.

Southern Asia Bangladesh; Bhutan; India; Maldives; Nepal; Pakistan; Sri Lanka.

Southern Europe Andorra; Gibraltar; Holy See; Italy; Malta; Portugal; San Marino; Spain.

Sub-Saharan Africa Central & West Africa; Southern & East Africa.

TPP Trans-Pacific Partnership Australia; Brunei; Canada; Chile; Japan; Malaysia; Mexico; New Zealand; Peru; Singapore; United States; Vietnam.

Western Europe Austria; Belgium; France; Germany; Liechtenstein; Luxembourg; Monaco; Netherlands; Switzerland.

1 The Pacific Islands country group has been created for departmental needs and consists of the following SACC country and minor country group codes: Australia (SACC code 1101), Norfolk Island (1102), New Zealand (1201), Melanesia (13), Micronesia (14) and Polynesia (excl Hawaii) (15).

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Appendix C Abbreviations and symbols

used in all DFAT trade statistical publications

.. not meaningful

$b $ billion

$m $ million

ABARES Australian Bureau of Agricultural & Resource Economics & Sciences

ABS Australian Bureau of Statistics

adp automatic data processing

agric agricultural

AHECC Australian Harmonized Export Commodity Classification

alum aluminium

ANZSIC06 Australia and New Zealand Standard Industry Classification 2006

APEC Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation

bev beverage

BOP Balance of Payments

BPM5 IMF Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual 5th Edition

BPM6 IMF Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual 6th Edition

chem chemical

c.i.f. cost, insurance and freight

comp compounds

conc concentrates

confid confidential

constr construction

consump consumption

cont. continued

cool cooling

Curr Acc Current Account

CVM chain volume measure

Dem Democratic

DET Department of Education & Training

DFAT Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade

DIIS Department of Industry, Innovation & Science

DIBP Department of Immigration & Border Protection

distrib distributing

EBOP The ABS Extended Balance of Payments services classification

elec electric, electrical

elem elements

ELICOS English Language Intensive Courses for Overseas Students

eng engineering

equip equipment

etc etcetera

ETM Elaborately transformed manufactures

EU European Union

excl excluding

f.c.f. fresh, chilled or frozen

Fed Federation

ferr ferrous

FISIM Financial Intermediation Services Indirectly Measured

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f.o.b. free on board

GDP Gross Domestic Product

hand handling

HTISC Harmonized Tariff Item Statistical Code

HS Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System

ICT Information, Communication and Technology

IIP International Investment Position

IIS (ABS) international Investment Survey

IMF International Monetary Fund

IMF IFS International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics

IMF WEO International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook

incl including

Ind Independent

IP Intellectual property

Is Island/s

instr instruments

insul insulated

interm intermediate

Int’l Waters International Waters

IPD implicit price deflator

IVS International Visitors Survey

mach machinery, machines

manuf manufactured, manufactures

medic medicaments

misc miscellaneous

mmf man-made fibres

MSITS Manual on Statistics of International Trade in Services

na not available

ncd no country details

nec not elsewhere classified

nei not elsewhere indicated

nfd not further defined

nie not indicated elsewhere

nes not elsewhere specified

np not published

Nth North

nya not yet available

OECD Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development

pharm pharmaceutical

photo photographic

PPP Purchasing Power Parity

prec precious

prep preparations, prepared

pres preserved

proc processing

prod products

Rep Republic

SAR of China Special Administrative Region of China

SITC Standard International Trade Classification

SITS Survey of International Trade in Services

spec specifically

Sth South

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STM Simply transformed manufactures

struct structures

synth synthetic

TCI Telecommunications, computer & information

telecom telecommunications

TRA Tourism Research Australia

TREC Trade Export Classification

TRIEC Trade Import and Export Classification

transport transportation

TSA Tourism Satellite Account

TWI Trade Weighted Index

UN United Nations

UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development

unmanuf unmanufactured

USDA United States Department of Agriculture

veg vegetables

WTO World Trade Organization

yoy year on year

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Appendix D Confidential exports in the SITC 988

The system used by the ABS for confidentialising foreign trade statistics is designed to maximise the release of data, without divulging details of any single firm's operations. A complex range of confidentiality provisions are applied to the data. Those of most relevance in this publication are:

A. No details No data for a particular commodity item is separately released. For example, the total value of non-industrial diamonds exports is only included in the confidential item dump code of 988 for all countries and world total.

B. No country details

Total exports of a particular commodity are available, but not for individual countries. For example, the value of liquefied natural gas exports to each country is suppressed, but the world total is available.

C. Selected country details

Exports of a particular commodity to some countries are suppressed, but the value of exports to other countries, and the world total is available.

The following table lists details of confidential commodity items that can be identified separately in the SITCr4 classification:

SITC Code

Description

Restriction Type

Period

042 Rice (selected varieties) A,B various 043 Unmilled barley B latest 6 months only 045.2 Unmilled oats B from Jul 1993 048.3 Macaroni, spaghetti and similar products (specifically uncooked pasta) A,B from Oct 2008 057.79 Edible nuts nes (specifically macadamia nuts) A,B from Mar 2000 061.11 Sugar (raw cane) A available on a

quarterly basis after a 6 month lag

081.13 Lupins (incl feed for animals during a voyage A latest 6 months only 098.91 Pasta cooked or stuffed; couscous (specifically couscous) A from Oct 2008 112.3 Beer made from malt A,B various 273.31 Silica and quartz sands B from Jul 1999 278.3 Salt A from Mar 2008 246.11 Coniferous wood, in chips or particles B from May 2013 246.15 Non-coniferous wood, in chips or particles B from May 2013 284.21 Nickel mattes A from Jul 1988 285.2 Alumina (aluminium oxide) B* from Jul 1988 286.1 Uranium ores A# from Aug 2009 287.83 Titanium ores and concentrates (eg rutile) A# quantity data

released on a 6 month basis

287.84 Zirconium ores and concentrates A# various 287.99 Base metal ores and concentrates nes A# from Jul 2000 288.10 Slag, ash and residues ( specifically tantalum glass) A# from Jan 2002 292.94 Vegetable saps and extracts A from Sep 2002 321.21 Bituminous coal, not agglomerated (specifically semi coking coal) C Various to Aug-2012 333 Crude petroleum

(China, India and Japan from July 2013; Malaysia and Korea from November 2013)

C From July 2013

335.21 Tar distilled from coal, lignite or peat A from Oct 2011 335.25 Oils and other products (specifically Naphthalene) A from Mar 2003 343.1 Liquefied natural gas B from Aug 1995 421.29 Cotton-seed oil & its fractions A from Jul 2011 511.22 Benzene, chemically or commercially pure A from Feb 2011

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SITC Code

Description

Restriction Type

Period

511.25 Styrene A from Oct 1999 522.1 Carbon (incl black carbon), nes A from Jan 2006 522.67 Artificial corundum A from Feb 2002 523.64 Sodium triphosphate (sodium tripolyphosphate) A from Mar 2002 523.72 Neutral sodium carbonate (disodium carbonate) A,B from Mar 1992 523.73 Sodium hydrogen carbonate (sodium bicarbonate) A,B from Mar 1992 523.81 Cyanides (specifically Sodium cyanide) A from Sep 2002 524.94 Carbides (specifically Silicon carbide) A from Jul 1999 541.41 Alkaloids of opium A from Jul 1991 541.49 Other vegetable alkaloids (specifically Vegetable alkaloids, salts,

ethers, esters & other derivatives) A from Jul 2004

541.99 Other pharmaceutical goods (specifically Sterile surgical sutures) A from Feb 2004 571.11 Polyethylene A from Nov 1992 572.19 Polystyrene (non-expansible) A,C(Feb-11) from Jan 1988 574.33 Polyethylene terephthalate A from Feb 2003 598.64 Activated carbon B from May 2006 to

Aug-12 634.54 Medium density fibreboard B from Nov 1988 to

Nov-11 667.12 Unworked cultured pearls B from May 1995 667.22 Sorted diamonds, non-industrial A available on a

quarterly basis after a 6 month lag

671.21 Non-alloyed pig iron A from Feb 2009 671.41 Ferro-manganese (containing by weight 2% carbon) A from Aug 1999 671.52 Ferro-silico-manganese A from Aug 1999 672.62 Semi-finished prod. of iron/non-alloy steel A from Sep 2000 673.24 Flat-rolled products of iron/non-alloyed steel not clad, plated or coated

(specific thickness only) A from Sep 2000

683.1 Nickel and nickel alloys, unwrought A from Feb 2003 683.23 Nickel powders and flakes A from Feb 2003 691.51 Sanitary ware of iron or steel (specifically sinks and wash basins) A from Dec 2002 721.21 Mowers for lawn (specifically 4 stroke mowers) B from Dec 2009 to

Aug-12 723.21 Front end shovel loaders A from Jan 2003 741.82 Non-gas instantaneous water heaters A from Feb 1998 764.32 Transmission apparatus incorporating reception apparatus

(specifically base stations for radio) A,B from Jul 2007

771.23 Ballast for discharge lamps or tubes A from Feb 2007 793 Ships boats and floating structures (specifically cruise ships and

similar vessels designed to transport persons and motor boats) A from Feb 2004

851.15 Footwear non-water proof (specifically metal toe cap) A,B from Apr 2009 851.48 Footwear nes B from Jan 2007

* Special case. See “Confidentiality” section in Explanatory Notes. # Broad values for these commodities are published in SITC 280 – Confidential minerals ores.

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Appendix E ABS trade commodities classified to TRIEC 3041

Confidential trade

EXPORTS

1. Major confidential items at the Australia total level

TRIEC AHECC DESCRIPTION

Primary products – Processed – Minerals 1222 7501.10.00 Nickel mattes (a)

Manufactures – Simply transformed – Mineral manufactures & metals 2313 7502.10.00 Unwrought nickel, not alloyed (a) 2313 7502.20.00 Unwrought nickel alloys (a)

Manufactures – Elaborately transformed – Mineral manufactures & metals 2412 Various Selected steel products (b)

2. Major confidential items at the country level

TRIEC AHECC DESCRIPTION

Primary products – Unprocessed – Minerals 1121 2612.10.01 Uranium ores & concentrates 1121 2818.20.00 Alumina (aluminium oxide) 1121 Various Minerals sands (c)

Primary products – Processed – Minerals 1222 7501.10.00 Nickel mattes (a)

Primary products – Processed – Fuels 1232 2711.11.00 Liquid natural gas

Manufactures – Simply transformed – Mineral manufactures & metals 2313 7502.10.00 Unwrought nickel, not alloyed (a) 2313 7502.20.00 Unwrought nickel alloys (a)

Manufactures – Elaborately transformed – Mineral manufactures & metals 2412 Various Selected steel products (b)

(a) For more information on confidential Nickel exports refer to the article on "Impact of ABS confidential restrictions on Nickel exports" at http://dfat.gov.au/about-us/publications/Pages/recent-trade-statistical-articles-and-information-papers.aspx. (b) Includes: Coils of iron or non-alloy steel, not further worked, Semi-finished products of iron or non-alloy steel and selected Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel. (c) Includes: Rutile ores & concentrates, Beneficiated ilmenite ores & concentrates, Ilmenite (excl Beneficiated ilmenite) ores & concentrates, Leucoxene ores & concentrates, Zirconium ores & concentrates and Tantalum ores & concentrates.

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IMPORTS

1. Major confidential items at the Australia level (a)

TRIEC HTISC DESCRIPTION

Primary products – Unprocessed – Fuels 1133 2711.21.90.08 Natural gas Manufactures – Elaborately transformed – Engineering products (excl Household equipment) 2434 8802.11.00.03 Helicopters of an unladen weight not exc 2,000 kg 2434 8802.12.00.04 Helicopters of an unladen weight exc 2,000 kg

2434 8802.30.00.06 Aeroplanes and other aircraft (excl helicopters) of an unladen weight exc 2,000 kg but not exc 15,000 kg

2434 8802.40.00.07 Aeroplanes and other aircraft (excl helicopters) of an unladen weight exc 15,000 kg

2434 8803.30.00.12 Parts of aeroplanes or helicopters (excl propellers, rotors and under-carriages and parts thereof)

2. Major confidential items at the country level

Please note the following commodities are not allocated to TRIEC 3041 at the country level but are excluded from the country level data entirely. Therefore country import totals for some countries may be under reported.

TRIEC HTISC DESCRIPTION

Manufactures – Elaborately transformed – Engineering products (excl Household equipment) 2434 8802.11.00.03 Helicopters of an unladen weight not exc 2,000 kg 2434 8802.12.00.04 Helicopters of an unladen weight exc 2,000 kg

2434 8802.30.00.06 Aeroplanes and other aircraft (excl helicopters) of an unladen weight exc 2,000 kg but not exc 15,000 kg

2434 8802.40.00.07 Aeroplanes and other aircraft (excl helicopters) of an unladen weight exc 15,000 kg

2434 8803.30.00.12 Parts of aeroplanes or helicopters (excl propellers, rotors and under-carriages and parts thereof)

(a) For more details refer to the article on "Imports of aircraft and parts" at http://dfat.gov.au/about-us/publications/Pages/recent-trade-statistical-articles-and-information-papers.aspx

A full list of ABS confidential trade items can be found at the ABS website (http://www.abs.gov.au) under publication - International Merchandise Trade: Confidential Commodities List (catalogue 5372.0.55.001).

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Appendix F Goods and services rankings

Commodity rankings The ranking of Australia’s top exports and imports is usually based on merchandise (goods) trade only. DFAT ranks merchandise trade using the United Nations Standard International Trade Classification Rev4 (SITC). SITC is a hierarchical trade commodity classification with five different levels, with the 5-digit codes aggregating to the 4-digit level and so on to the 1-digit level. SITC does not include services.

When ranking merchandise exports and imports, DFAT uses SITC at the 3-digit level (approximately 260 codes). At this level, all Australia's goods exports are easily identifiable with meaningful descriptions, i.e. Coal, Iron ore, Gold, Crude petroleum, Beef, Wheat, Alumina, Aluminium, Natural gas, Passenger cars etc.

To measure the contribution of services activities to exports and imports, the SITC classification was combined with the ABS Extended Balance of Payments (EBOP) services classification to derive Australia's top 25 exports and imports. The ABS EBOP services classification is based on the United Nation publication Manual on Statistics of International Trade in Services, 2010 (MSITS) and the International Monetary Fund’s (IMF) sixth edition of the Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual (BPM6).

Services classified by EBOP were integrated into the SITC 3-digit merchandise rankings at the 1-digit level covering 12 broad services activities with the exception of:

. Transport, Travel and Other business services. As these three codes accounted for more than 80 per cent of Australia’s total services exports and imports, so activities at the 2-digit EBOP level were used to provide more detail on the types of services traded in these broad categories; and

. For Personal travel services only, the 3-digit EBOP level was used to separate out Education-related travel services and Other personal travel services – Australia’s two largest services exports activities.

Using this method, Australia’s top 25 exports and imports of goods and services are shown in Tables 4 and 5 in this publication.

In addition to the rankings DFAT has also included two analytical industry series in these tables covering trade by the Education and Tourism industries.

Education includes the following EBOP codes – Education-related-travel services (EBOP 4.2.1), Royalties on education services (EBOP code 8.5.1) and Other education services (EBOP code 11.2.2).

Tourism is based on the ABS Tourism Satellite Account (TSA):

. The TSA measures the consumption of goods and services by the tourism industry, with an aim to measure the direct contribution to the Australian economy of the tourism industry. The TSA defines tourism consumption to include all travellers who stay in the host economy for less than one year, regardless of their purpose for travel (such as business, education, health and recreational purposes). As such the TSA definition of exports and imports of tourism covers more than just recreational travellers.

. The TSA definition includes all or part of the following services activities from the EBOP trade in services classification: Passenger air and Sea transportation services and Related agency fees & commissions; Travel services (including Business travel, Education-related travel and Other personal travel) as well as imputed services which are not measured in the EBOP classification, such as goods provided to visitors in private households; and

. The TSA data is only available on a financial year basis. For more information on the TSA please refer to the ABS publication Tourism Satellite Accounts (catalogue 5249.0).

Users should not include these two analytical series in the goods and services rankings as they would double count particular EBOP services items. For example to include Tourism into the rankings without adjusting other EBOP items would double count all or part of Business, Education, Other personal travel services and Passenger transport services.

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Country rankings DFAT estimates total trade in goods and services on a regional basis by adding goods (merchandise) data on a recorded trade basis with services data on a BOP basis. DFAT has been producing these estimates since the ABS ceased publishing its regional BOP publication in 1999-2000 (this publication contained regional goods and services both on a consistent BOP basis).

As DFAT cannot convert merchandise trade data to a BOP basis to be consistent with ABS published services data, DFAT’s current methodology to produce regional goods and services estimates has a number of issues that users should be aware of:

. Net exports of goods under merchanting will not be included in DFAT’s regional goods and services statistics as it is not included in ABS merchandise trade statistics. This export was valued at $431 million in 2014-15;

. Imports of Goods procured in port by carriers will not be included in DFAT’s regional goods and services statistics as it is not included in ABS merchandise trade statistics. This import was valued at $1.5 billion in 2014-15; and

. Exports and imports of Goods for processing includes the gross value of the good as reported in ABS merchandise trade statistics, but also double counts the processing fee recorded in ABS services trade statistics under Manufactured services on physical inputs owned by others. The processing fee was valued at $10 million for exports and zero for imports in 2014-15.

DFAT has analysed the impact of these issues on its regional estimates (for 2008-09) and has found that they are relatively insignificant. For exports only one country (the United States) was out by more than 1 per cent. For imports only six countries are impacted by more than 1 per cent, with the exception of imports from Hong Kong (which was out by plus 15 per cent, mainly due to imports of Goods procured in port).

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Appendix G DFAT adjustments to ABS official trade data

Introduction The Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT) makes a number of adjustments to published Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) official monthly merchandise trade data to produce the most accurate dataset possible on Australia’s merchandise trade data on a calendar year and financial year basis. These adjustments include using ABS trade data that is released after a time lag, ABS unpublished data, DFAT estimates and the correction of a number of small errors in the ABS monthly trade dataset.

1. Merchandise trade data released after a time lag The ABS has been able to negotiate special reporting arrangements with a number of providers of trade data by releasing confidential data with a time lag. These export commodities include:

• Barley (AHECC2 1003.00.10 & 20) and Lupins (AHECC 1214.90.21) — all country details released on a monthly basis six months after the reference period. This data is automatically included in the regular monthly updates of ABS merchandise trade data after the time lag.

• Raw cane sugar (AHECC 1701.11.40) — commodity and country details (values and quantity) on a quarterly basis are released six months after the reference period. This data is not automatically included in monthly updates of ABS merchandise trade data but is available in a spreadsheet format.

• Non-industrial diamonds (AHECC 7102.31.00) — commodity and country details (values only) released on a quarterly basis only. This data is not automatically included in monthly updates of ABS merchandise trade data but is available in a spreadsheet format.

The ABS monthly export dataset does not include the Raw cane sugar and the Non-industrial diamonds (though it does include the Barley and Lupins six months after the reference period). In DFAT’s annual trade publications and time series datasets exports of Raw cane sugar and the Non-industrial diamonds has been included.

2. Confidentiality in ABS monthly trade data and its impact on accurate partner country export and import data The ABS has been required to apply country level restrictions to a number of commodities to maintain confidentiality within its monthly export and import data. This has resulted in some commodities being excluded from partner country totals and State/Territory totals.

For exports, from June 2013 a number of export commodities3 were excluded, with the major ones being Live cattle, Cane sugar, Nickel Mattes, Nickel alloys unworked and Non-industrial diamonds. From this period onwards a number of Country/State totals for exports will be under-reported in ABS monthly trade statistics. The ABS advised that data was confidentialised in this way to ensure that trade to individual countries/states could not be identified, even if the transactions were unusually large4.

The confidential export commodity codes excluded from partner country totals may not remain consistent over time. The ABS reviews confidentiality on a monthly basis and may add or remove some exports codes from this list. For example the ABS added a new commodity, Fresh or dried macadamia nuts to the list from October 2013.

In aggregate $6.2 billion has been excluded from ABS partner country export data in 2014-15 (refer to Table A). List A shows the full list of the export commodities affected at this stage and the time period the restriction covers.

2 Australian Harmonised Export Classification Code (AHECC). 3 AHECC at the 8-digit level that have the confidentiality restrictions 'No commodity details' or 'No value details'. See the ABS publication International Merchandise Trade: Confidential Commodities List (catalogue 5372.055.001). 4 International Trade in goods and services Australia, June 2013 issue, page 4 (catalogue 5368.0).

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Table A: Value of ‘No country details’ included in export totals

No country details

Total goods exports

Share of total exports

A$m A$m %

Calendar year

2013 (from Jun-13) 3,694 261,959 1.4 2014 5,872 266,220 2.2

Financial year

2012-13 (from Jun-13) 596 246,982 0.2 2013-14 5,667 272,922 2.1

2014-15 6,191 254,627 2.4

Based on ABS trade data (September 2015) on DFAT STARS database.

In terms of imports, from the month of September 2008 onwards a number of import commodities5 have been excluded from partner country totals and State/Territory totals for the same reasons as the export data.

The major commodities excluded include selected aircraft, refined petroleum and natural gas imports. From this period onwards a number of Country/State totals for imports will be under-reported in ABS monthly trade statistics. In aggregate $7.0 billion has been excluded from ABS partner country import data in 2014 (refer to Table B).

Table B: Value of ‘No country details’ included in import totals

No country details

Total goods imports

Share of total imports

A$m A$m %

Calendar year

2008 (from Sept-08) 2,025 225,946 0.9

2009 5,491 200,604 2.7

2010 6,099 210,494 2.9

2011 6,728 226,903 3.0

2012 5,155 241,820 2.2

2013 4,541 240,540 1.9

2014 6,785 252,283 2.7

Financial year

2008-09 (from Sep-08) 4,761 219,487 2.2

2009-10 5,712 204,027 2.8

2010-11 5,897 213,809 2.8

2011-12 6,674 239,736 2.8

2012-13 4,295 236,243 1.8 2013-14 5,797 252,200 2.3

2014-15 6,955 256,456 2.7

Based on ABS trade data (September 2015) on DFAT STARS database.

As with exports, the confidential import commodity codes excluded from partner country totals may not remain consistent over time. List B shows the full list of the import commodities affected at this stage and the time period the restriction covers.

Given the importance of accurate trade data, DFAT has been working with the ABS to find a solution which will allow accurate partner country export/import totals on a financial and calendar year basis to be published while maintaining business confidentiality. As a result the ABS was able to provide calendar and financial year export and import totals to DFAT for selected trading partners for the periods affected as an unpublished dataset.

5 Harmonized Tariff Item Statistical Code (HTISC) at the 10-digit level that have the confidentiality restrictions 'No commodity details' or 'No value details'.

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On the DFAT website (http://www.dfat.gov.au/trade/resources/trade-statistics/Pages/trade-time-series-data.aspx) is a list (Appendix A) of the actual partner country export and import data that has been obtained from the ABS on a calendar and financial year basis. This data is included in DFAT’s annual trade publications and time series datasets.

Table C estimates the impact of under-reporting in ABS partner country export statistics for 20136 based on analysis using partner country import data. This is useful to determine the likely impact for partner countries not covered by the unpublished data.

Please note that this issue is going to make it difficult to determine actual trends in Australia’s total exports and imports by partner country on an ongoing basis. All users are advised to use ABS partner country merchandise export and import data with caution for the countries not covered by the unpublished ABS data.

3. Corrections to ABS merchandise trade data DFAT has identified a number of small corrections to ABS merchandise trade data that the ABS did not apply to their monthly trade dataset as the value of the transaction fell below the ABS normal threshold level for amending trade records7.

The following is a list of corrections that are applied to ABS trade data by DFAT in its annual trade statistical publication and time series datasets:

• Exports of Arms & ammunition (AHECC 9306) from the ACT to Germany in October 2009 valued at $2,380,000 were a re-export and should not be included as an export produced from the ACT.

• Imports of $93,000 of Meat of bovine animals, frozen (HTISC 0202) from the United States in May 2005 were incorrect in ABS import statistics. The Department of Immigration & Border Protection confirmed the imports were pork (HTISC 0203) not beef.

• Imports of Iron ore (HTISC 2601) from New Caledonia were incorrectly being coded in ABS import statistics. The imports were actually Nickel ores (HTISC 2606). All time periods have been corrected.

• Imports of Arms & ammunition (HTISC 9306) from Timor-Leste were incorrectly coded. Imports have been coded to miscellaneous manufactures. All time periods have been corrected.

4. DFAT estimates for missing data items. In some cases DFAT has estimated trade that is not included in published ABS data.

• Raw cane sugar exports – To overcome the time lag for Raw cane sugar exports, DFAT has estimated data for the March and June quarters 2015 (for the financial year 2014-15) by using information from the Australian Bureau for Agricultural and Resources Economics and Sciences (ABARES) and partner-country import data from Australia’s major Raw cane sugar export markets.

• France imports – DFAT has estimated actual imports from France for the period September 2008 until June 2015 (excluding the periods July 2013 to June 2014 and January 2015 to June 2015 )which is based on actual ABS data). The major import excluded from partner country import data from September 2008 onwards is aircraft.

These estimates are included in DFAT’s annual trade publications and time series datasets.

For further information DFAT publishes a number of articles that provide supplementary information on Australian trade data not included in ABS official trade statistics including:

• Australia's imports of aircraft & parts;

• Changes to ABS merchandise export statistics and its impact on partner country aggregates;

• Impact of ABS confidential restrictions on exports of Nickel; and

6 DFAT does not have access to comprehensive partner country trade data to perform this analysis on a financial year basis. DFAT at this stage has also not undertaken this analysis for imports. 7 Refer to the ABS article - International Trade Review: Data Quality and Client Queries for further information.

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• Confidentiality in Australian merchandise export statistics.

These articles can be found on the DFAT website at http://dfat.gov.au/about-us/publications/Pages/recent-trade-statistical-articles-and-information-papers.aspxl.

For further information on the impact of confidentiality in ABS merchandise trade statistics please refer to the ABS publication – catalogue. 5372.0.55.001 - International Merchandise Trade: Confidential Commodities List.

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List A AHECC codes not included in ABS partner country export totals

AHECC SITC-

REV4 Date of Effect

Date of Cessation Restriction applied Commodity Description Count

01022924 001.19 Oct-15 Oct-15 No Commodity Details Live beef cattle (excl. pure-bred breeding cattle) 1

08026100 057.79 Oct-13 Feb-15 No Commodity Details Fresh or dried macadamia nuts, in shell 2

10049010 045.20 Jun-13 No Commodity Details Oats, in bulk (excl. seed and oats in bags) 3

10063025 042.31 Jun-13 No Commodity Details

Rice, whole long grain, semi-milled or wholly milled, whether or not polished or glazed 4

10064000 042.32 Jun-13 No Commodity Details Broken rice 5

12149021 081.13 Jun-13 No Commodity Details (latest 6 months only)

Lupins, whether or not in the form of pellets (incl. feed for animals during a voyage) 6

13021910 292.94 Jun-13 No Commodity Details

Saps and extracts of pyrethrum or of the roots of plants containing rotenone 7

15122100 421.21 Jun-13 Feb-14 No Commodity Details Crude cotton-seed oil, not chemically modified 8

15122900 421.29 Jun-13 No Commodity Details Refined cotton-seed oil and its fractions, not chemically modified 9

17011400 061.11 Jun-13

No Commodity Details (Commodity details

available quarterly with a 6 month lag)

Raw cane sugar (excl. that specified in Subheading Note 2 to Chapter 17), in solid form, not containing added flavouring or colouring matter 10

19021100 048.30 Jun-13 Dec-14 No Commodity Details

Uncooked pasta (incl. spaghetti, macaroni, noodles, lasagne, gnocchi, ravioli and canelloni), containing eggs, not stuffed with meat or other substances or otherwise prepared 11

19021900 048.30 Jun-13 No Commodity Details

Uncooked pasta (incl. spaghetti, macaroni, noodles, lasagne, gnocchi, ravioli and canelloni), not containing eggs, not stuffed with meat or other substances or otherwise prepared 12

19024000 098.91 Jun-13 No Commodity Details Couscous, whether or not prepared 13 22030020 112.30 Jun-13 Apri-15 No Commodity Details Canned beer made from malt 14

22030090 112.30 Jun-13 No Commodity Details Beer made from malt (excl. bottled and canned) 15

25010094 278.30 Jun-13 No Commodity Details Salt (excl. table salt) and pure sodium chloride (incl. denatured salt), 16

25051000 273.31 Jun-13 Dec-14 No Commodity Details Silica sands and quartz sands, whether or not coloured 17

25191000 278.24 Jan-14 No Commodity Details Natural magnesium carbonate (magnesite) 18

25199000 278.25 Jun-13 No Commodity Details

Fused magnesia; dead-burned (sintered) magnesia, whether or not containing small quantities of other oxides added before sintering; and other magnesium oxide, whether or not pure 19

27040030 325.00 Jun-15 No Commodity Details

Retort carbon and char (excl. articles of retort carbon of a kind used for electrical purposes) 20

27040093 325.00 Jun-15 No Commodity Details Coke and semi-coke of coal, of lignite or of peat 21

27060000 335.21 Jun-13 No Commodity Details

Tar distilled from coal, from lignite or from peat and other mineral tars, whether or not dehydrated or partially distilled (incl. reconstituted tars) 22

27071000 335.22 Feb-15 No Commodity Details

Benzol (benzene) from the distillation of high temperature coal tar (excl. benzene with a purity of 95% or more) 23

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AHECC codes not included in ABS partner country export totals

AHECC SITC-

REV4 Date of Effect

Date of Cessation Restriction applied Commodity Description Count

27074000 335.25 Jun-13 No Commodity Details Naphthalene from the distillation of high temperature coal tar 24

28030000 522.10 Jun-13 Feb-15 No Commodity Details Carbon (carbon blacks and other forms of carbon) 25

28181000 522.67 Jun-13 No Commodity Details Artificial corundum 26

28353100 523.64 Jun-13 Feb-15 No Commodity Details Sodium triphosphate (sodium tripolyphosphate) 27

28362000 523.72 Jun-13 Mar-15 No Commodity Details Disodium carbonate 28

28363000 523.73 Jun-13 Mar-15 No Commodity Details Sodium hydrogencarbonate (sodium bicarbonate) 29

28371101 523.81 Jun-13 No Commodity Details Sodium cyanide (CAS 143-33-9) 30

29022000 511.22 Jun-13 No Commodity Details Benzene, chemically or commercially pure 31

29391101 541.41 Jun-13 No Commodity Details

Concentrates of poppy straw, containing by weight 50% or more of alkaloids 32

29391110 541.41 Jun-13 No Commodity Details Codeine and its salts, an alkaloid and/or derivative of opium 33

29391112 541.41 Jun-13 No Commodity Details Thebaine and its salts, an alkaloid and/or derivative of opium 34

29391129 541.41 Jun-13 Dec-14 No Commodity Details

Other derivatives & alkaloids of opium, including salts, as listed in 2939.11 35

29399900 541.49 Jun-13 No Commodity Details

Vegetable alkaloids, salts, ethers, esters & other derivs (excl. opium alkaloids, cinchona & rye ergot & deriv & salts, caffeine & ephedrines & salts, theophylline & aminophylline (theophylline-ethylenediamine) & derivatives & salts) 36

38021000 598.64 Jun-13 May-15 No Commodity Details

Activated carbon (excl. those having the character of medicaments or put up in retail packs as deodorisers) 37

39011000 571.11 Jun-13 No Commodity Details Polyethylene having a specific gravity of less than 0.94, in primary forms 38

39012000 571.12 Jun-13 No Commodity Details

Polyethylene, in primary forms, having a specific gravity at 20 degrees Celsius of 0.94 or more, calculated on an additive-free polymer basis (high density polyethylene (HDPE)) 39

39076000 574.33 Jun-13 Jan-15 No Commodity Details Poly(ethylene terephthalate), in primary forms 40

71012101 667.12 Jan-15 No Commodity Details

Unworked cultured pearls, not strung, mounted or set (incl. temporarily strung for convenience of transport) 41

71023100 667.22 Jun-13

No Commodity Details (Country and Value

details available quarterly)

Non-industrial diamonds, unworked or simply sawn, cleaved or bruted, not mounted or set 42

72021100 671.41 Jun-13 No Commodity Details

Ferro-manganese containing by weight more than 2% of carbon in primary forms, in granules or powders or in forms obtained by continuous casting 43

72023000 671.52 Jun-13 No Commodity Details

Ferro-silico-manganese in primary forms, in granules or powders or in forms obtained by continuous casting 44

72071200 672.62 Jun-13 Feb-15 No Commodity Details

Semi-finished products of iron or non-alloy steel of rectangular (excl. square) cross-section nes, containing by weight less than 0.25% of carbon 45

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AHECC codes not included in ABS partner country export totals

AHECC SITC-

REV4 Date of Effect

Date of Cessation Restriction applied Commodity Description Count

72085100 673.24 Jun-13 No Commodity Details

Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, of a width of 600mm or more, not in coils, not further worked than hot-rolled; of a thickness exceeding 10mm 46

72091800 673.41 Jun-13 No Commodity Details

Coils of iron or non-alloy steel, not further worked than cold-rolled (cold-reduced), of a width of 600mm or more, of a thickness of less than 0.5mm 47

72104900 674.13 Jun-13 No Commodity Details

Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, with a width of 600mm or more (excl. corrugated), plated or coated with zinc (excl. electrolytically) 48

73042992 679.13 Jun-15 No Commodity Details

Casing and tubing, seamless, of iron or steel (excl. cast iron and stainless steel), of a kind used in drilling for oil or gas (excl. drill pipe) 49

73241000 697.51 Jun-13 No Commodity Details Sinks and wash basins, of stainless steel 50

75011000 284.21 Jun-13 No Commodity Details Nickel mattes 51 75021000 683.11 Jun-13 No Commodity Details Unwrought nickel, not alloyed 52 75022000 683.12 Jun-13 No Commodity Details Unwrought nickel alloys 53 75040000 683.23 Jun-13 No Commodity Details Nickel powders and flakes 54

84295100 723.21 Jun-13 Mar-15 No Commodity Details Self-propelled mechanical front-end shovel loaders 55

85041000 771.23 Jun-13 No Commodity Details Ballasts for discharge lamps or tubes 56

85176120 764.12 Jun-13 No Commodity Details

Base stations incorporating reception apparatus, for radio-telephony or radio-telegraphy 57

85176260 764.12 Jun-13 Mar-14 No Commodity Details

Transmission apparatus incorporating reception apparatus, for radio-telephony or radio-telegraphy (excl. base stations) 58

89011000 793.28 Jun-13 No Commodity Details

Cruise ships, excursion boats and similar vessels principally designed for the transport of persons; ferry-boats of all kinds 59

89039220 793.19 Jun-13 Mar-15 No Commodity Details

Motorboats (excl. outboard motorboats) for pleasure or sports, non-cargo (under own power) 60

89039940 793.19 May-15 May-15 No Commodity Details

Non-cargo carrying yachts and other vessels for pleasure or sport under own power (excl. inflatables, sailboats, and motor boats) 61

89069000 793.29 Jun-13 No Commodity Details Vessels (incl. lifeboats but excl. warships and rowing boats) 62

89061000 793.29 Apr-15 No Commodity Details Warships 63

- 149 -

List B HTISC codes not included in ABS partner country import totals

HTISC SITC-

REV4 Date of Effect

Date of Cessation Restriction applied Commodity Description Count

0802510022 05778 Jul-12 Nov-12 No Commodity

Details Fresh or dried pistachios, in shell 1

0802510022 05778 Oct-13 Jan-14 No Commodity

Details Fresh or dried pistachios, in shell 2

0802620025 05779 Jul-12 Feb-15 No Commodity

Details Shelled, fresh or dried macadamia nuts, whether or not peeled 3

2101110048 07.131 Feb-13 No Commodity

Details Extracts, essences and concentrates of coffee, in packs exceeding 30 kg 4

2401200028 12.120 Jul-13 May-15 No Commodity

Details Unmanufactured, flue cured virginia type tobacco, partly or wholly stemmed/stripped 5

2707400014 335.25 Dec-11 May-15 No Commodity

Details

Naphthalene from the distillation of high temperature coal tar (excl. naphthalene with a crystallising point of 79.4 degrees C or more) 6

2708100020 335.31 Sep-08 Feb-15 No Value Details Pitch 7

2708100020 335.31 Mar-15 No Commodity

Details Pitch obtained from coal tar or from other mineral tars 8

2710195374 334.60 May-14 No Commodity

Details

Fuel oil having the characteristics as defined in Additional Note 1 to this Chapter (excl. heavy fuel oil for use as ships' bunkers, light oils and waste oils) 9

2711219008 343.20 Dec-13 No Value Details Natural gas in gaseous state (excl. CNG as defined in Additional Note 5 to Chapter 27) 10

2808000027 522.33 Jan-11 Feb-13 No Commodity

Details Nitric acid; sulphonitric acids 11

2815200017 522.64 Sep-08 Nov-10 No Commodity

Details Potassium hydroxide (caustic potash) 12 2826120023 523.10 Sep-08 Feb-15 No Value Details Aluminium fluoride 13

2826120023 523.10 Mar-15 No Commodity

Details Aluminium fluoride 14

2832300027 523.44 Mar-11 No Commodity

Details Thiosulphates 15

2824900031 522.57 Jan-12 No Commodity

Details Red lead, orange lead and lead oxides (excl. lead monoxide (litharge, massicot)) 16

2833250004 523.49 Apr-13 Apr-14 No Commodity

Details Copper sulphates 17

2847000014 524.91 Sep-08 Feb-13 No Commodity

Details Hydrogen peroxide, solidified or not solidified with urea 18

3402130051 554.21 Nov-09 Dec-11 No Commodity

Details

Non-ionic primary alcohol ethoxylates, whether or not put up for retail sale (excl. in liquid form in packs not exc 10 L or in other forms in packs not exc 7kg) 19

3808930014 591.30 Sep-08 Dec-09 No Commodity

Details

Herbicides, anti-sprouting products and plant-growth regulators, wholly of, or with a basis of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, its salts or esters 20

3808930041 59130 Feb-10 No Commodity

Details

Herbicides, anti-sprouting product & plant-growth regulator wholly of, or with a basis of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, its salts or esters 21

3823120002 512.18 Jan-15 Jun-15 No Commodity

Details

Oleic acid (excl. oleic acid of a purity of 85% or more, calculated on the weight of the dry product) 22

3901900006 571.90 Sep-08 No Commodity

Details

Polymers of ethylene, in primary forms (excl. polyethylene and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers) 23

3902300009 575.13 Nov-14 Apr-15 No Commodity

Details Propylene copolymers, in compound or adhesive forms 24

3904210019 573.12 Sep-08 Oct-12 No Commodity

Details Non-plasticised polyvinyl chloride, mixed with other substances, in primary forms 25

3907400017 574.31 Nov-12 Nov-14 No Commodity

Details Compounded polycarbonates, in primary forms 26

3907910032 574.34 Sep-08 Nov-10 No Commodity

Details Vinyl ester resin 27

- 150 -

HTISC codes not included in ABS partner country import totals

HTISC SITC-

REV4 Date of Effect

Date of Cessation Restriction applied Commodity Description Count

3920200001 582.22 Nov-14 Jun-15 No Commodity

Details

Biaxially oriented, metallised film, of polymers of propylene, not exceeding 0.08 mm in thickness, non-cellular and not reinforced, laminated, supported or similarly combined with other materials (excl. goods of HS 3918 and HS 3919) 28

4008211034 621.33 Sep-08 May-15 No Commodity

Details

Natural rubber sheets produced by adding vulcanising agents directly to fresh field latex before coagulation, containing not less than 90% natural rubber hydrocarbons 29

4810191070 641.32 Mar-09 Jun-10 No Commodity

Details

Paper & p/board cast coated with Kaolin or oth inorganic subst, for writing or graphic use, <= 10% of mechanical or chemi-mech fibre, in strips > 15cm wide or rect sheets with 1 side > 36cm & 1 > 15cm, weighing > 150 g/m2 (excl. HS 481014) 30

4816200058 642.42 Sep-08 Dec-11 No Commodity

Details Self-copy paper in rolls (excl. those of 4809) 31

4816200060 642.42 Jan-12 Jul-12 No Commodity

Details

Self-copy paper, in rolls of a width not exceeding 36 cm, rectangular (incl. square) sheets of which no side exceeds 36 cm in the unfolded state or cut into shapes other than rectangles, whether or not put up in boxes 32

5402110005 651.62 Jan-09 Nov-10 No Commodity

Details

High tenacity yarn (excl. sewing thread, but incl. synthetic monofilament of less than 67 decitex) of aramids, not put up for retail sale 33

5402320008 651.51 Apr-10 Dec-12 No Commodity

Details

Textured yarn (excl. sewing thread but incl. synthetic monofilament of less than 67 decitex) of nylon or other polyamides, measuring per single yarn more than 50 tex but not exc 200 tex, not put up for retail sale 34

6815100003 663.36 Jan-09 Mar-10 No Commodity

Details Non-electrical fibres (eg continuous filament) of graphite, or other carbon 35

7019190050 651.95 Sep-08 Dec-11 No Commodity

Details Other glass fibres of yarn, excluding slivers 36

7019310022 664.95 Jan-15 No Commodity

Details Glass fibre mats 37

7019391054 664.95 Jan-09 Nov-10 No Commodity

Details Webs, mattresses, boards and similar nonwoven products of glass wool 38

7019400052 654.60 Sep-08 Dec-08 No Commodity

Details Woven fabrics of rovings 39

7213910044 723.33 Sep-12 No Commodity

Details

Bars & rods of iron/non-alloy steel, of circular cross section <14mm diameter, hot-rolled, in irregularly wound coils (excl. those of free-cutting steel & those with indentations, ribs, grooves etc produced during rolling) 40

7207200009 67270 Sep-11 Oct-14 No Commodity

Details

Semi-finished products of iron or non-alloy steel containing by weight 0.25% or more of carbon 41

7208100031 673.21 Sep-08 Aug-13 No Commodity

Details

Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, in coils, not further worked than hot-rolled, with patterns in relief of a width of 600mm or more 42

7208100031 673.21 Nov-14 Aug-13 No Commodity

Details

Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, in coils, not further worked than hot-rolled, with patterns in relief of a width of 600mm or more 43

7208260033 673.21 Aug-09 Jul-11 No Commodity

Details

Coils of iron or non-alloy steel, not further worked than hot-rolled, pickled of a width of 600mm or more, of a thickness of 3mm or more but less than 4.75mm 44

7208270034 673.21 Sep-13 Oct-14 No Commodity

Details

Coils of iron or non-alloy steel, not further worked than hot-rolled, pickled of a width of 600mm or more, of a thickness of less than 3mm 45

- 151 -

HTISC codes not included in ABS partner country import totals

HTISC SITC-

REV4 Date of Effect

Date of Cessation Restriction applied Commodity Description Count

7208360035 673.21 Sep-08 Aug-13 No Commodity

Details

Products of iron or non-alloy steel, in coils, not further worked than hot-rolled, of a width of 600mm or more, of a thickness exceeding 10mm 46

7208370036 673.21 Sep-08 Jul-09 No Commodity

Details

Products of iron or non-alloy steel, other in coils, not further worked than hot-rolled, of a width of 600mm or more, of a thickness of 4.75mm or more but not exceeding 10mm 47

7208370036 673.21 Sep-13 Oct-14 No Commodity

Details

Products of iron or non-alloy steel, other in coils, not further worked than hot-rolled, of a width of 600mm or more, of a thickness of 4.75mm or more but not exceeding 10mm 48

7208390038 673.21 Aug-09 No Commodity

Details

Products of iron or non-alloy steel, other, in coils, not further worked than hot-rolled, of a width of 600mm or more, of a thickness of less than 3mm 49

7208400039 673.24 Aug-09 Jul-11 No Commodity

Details

Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, not in coils, not further worked than hot-rolled, of a width of 600mm or more, with patterns in relief 50

7208530042 673.24 Aug-09 Oct-14 No Commodity

Details

Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, of a width of 600mm or more, not in coils, not further worked than hot-rolled, of a thickness of 3mm or more but less than 4.75mm 51

7208540043 673.24 Aug-09 Oct-14 No Commodity

Details

Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, of a width of 600mm or more, not in coils, not further worked than hot-rolled, of a thickness of less than 3mm 52

7210490055 674.13 Aug-09 Jul-11 No Commodity

Details

Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel plated or coated with zinc of width of 600mm or more of a thickness of less than 0.5mm (excl. electrolytically plated or coated or corrugated) 53

7210490055 67413 Sep-11 Oct-14 No Commodity

Details

Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel plated or coated with zinc of width of 600mm or more of a thickness of less than 0.5mm (excl. electrolytically plated or coated or corrugated) 54

7210490055 67413 Dec-14 No Commodity

Details

Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel plated or coated with zinc of width of 600mm or more of a thickness of less than 0.5mm (excl. electrolytically plated or coated or corrugated) 55

7210490058 674.13 Sep-08 Aug-13 No Commodity

Details

Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel electrolytically plated or coated with zinc, of width of 600mm or more, of a thickness of 2.5mm or more (excl. electrolytically plated or coated or corrugated) 56

7210610061 674.43 Sep-13 Oct-14 No Commodity

Details

Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel plated or coated with aluminium-zinc alloys, of width of 600mm or more, of a thickness of 0.5mm or more but less than 1.5mm 57

7210610062 674.43 Aug-09 No Commodity

Details

Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel plated or coated with aluminium-zinc alloys, of width of 600mm or more, of a thickness of 1.5mm or more 58

7211130039 673.27 Aug-09 No Commodity

Details

Iron or non-alloy steel, not further worked than hot-rolled, width less than 600mm, rolled on four faces or in a closed box pass, of a width exceeding 150mm and a thickness of not less than 4mm, not in coils and without patterns in relief 59

- 152 -

HTISC codes not included in ABS partner country import totals

HTISC SITC-

REV4 Date of Effect

Date of Cessation Restriction applied Commodity Description Count

7211190041 673.29 Aug-09 Jul-11 No Commodity

Details

Iron or non-alloy steel, not further worked than hot-rolled, width less than 600mm, other (excl. others, of a thickness of 4.75mm or more & rolled on four faces or in a closed box pass, of a width exc. 150mm and a thickness of not less 4mm) 60

7211190041 673.29 Sep-13 No Commodity

Details

Iron or non-alloy steel, not further worked than hot-rolled, width less than 600mm, other (excl. others, of a thickness of 4.75mm or more & rolled on four faces or in a closed box pass, of a width exc. 150mm and a thickness of not less 4mm) 61

7213910044 676.19 May-09 Nov-10 No Commodity

Details

Bars & rods of iron/non-alloy steel, of circular cross section <14mm diameter, hot-rolled, in irregularly wound coils (excl. those of free-cutting steel & those with indentations, ribs, grooves etc produced during rolling) 62

7213910044 676.19 Sep-12 Sep-14 No Commodity

Details

Bars & rods of iron/non-alloy steel, of circular cross section <14mm diameter, hot-rolled, in irregularly wound coils (excl. those of free-cutting steel & those with indentations, ribs, grooves etc produced during rolling) 63

7213990045 676.16 Dec-14 No Commodity

Details

Bars and rods of iron or non-alloy steel, hot-rolled, in irregularly wound coils, excl of circular cross-section measuring less than 14mm in diameter of free-cutting steel and those containing indentations, ribs etc produced during rolling 64

7216100027 676.81 Nov-14 No Commodity

Details

U, I or H sections of iron or non-alloy steel, not further worked than hot-rolled, hot-drawn or extruded, of a height of less than 80mm 65

7216220029 676.81 Nov-14 No Commodity

Details

T sections of iron or non-alloy steel, not further worked than hot-rolled, hot-drawn or extruded, of a height of less than 80mm 66

7216310030 676.82 Sep-08 Jul-11 No Commodity

Details

U sections of iron or non-alloy steel, not further worked than hot-rolled, hot-drawn or extruded, of a height of 80mm or more 67

7216310030 676.82 Sep-13 No Commodity

Details

U sections of iron or non-alloy steel, not further worked than hot-rolled, hot-drawn or extruded, of a height of 80mm or more 68

7216320031 676.82 Sep-08 Jul-09 No Commodity

Details

I sections of iron or non-alloy steel, not further worked than hot-rolled, hot-drawn or extruded, of a height of 80mm or more 69

7216320031 676.82 Sep-13 Oct-14 No Commodity

Details

I sections of iron or non-alloy steel, not further worked than hot-rolled, hot-drawn or extruded, of a height of 80mm or more 70

7216330032 676.82 Sep-08 Aug-09 No Commodity

Details

H sections of iron or non-alloy steel, not further worked than hot-rolled, hot-drawn or extruded, of a height of 80mm or more 71

7216330032 676.82 Aug-11 Oct-14 No Commodity

Details

H sections of iron or non-alloy steel, not further worked than hot-rolled, hot-drawn or extruded, of a height of 80mm or more 72

7216400033 676.82 Sep-08 Jul-09 No Commodity

Details

L or T sections of iron or non-alloy steel, not further worked than hot-rolled, hot-drawn or extruded, of a height of 80mm or more 73

7216500056 676.83 Aug-09 Aug-13 No Commodity

Details

Iron or non-alloy steel, angles, shapes and sections (excl. U, I, H, L and t sections) not further worked than hot-rolled, hot-drawn or extruded 74

7217200042 678.15 Jul-10 Jan-13 No Commodity

Details

Wire of iron or non-alloy steel, plated or coated with zinc, containing by weight 0.60% or more of carbon 75

- 153 -

HTISC codes not included in ABS partner country import totals

HTISC SITC-

REV4 Date of Effect

Date of Cessation Restriction applied Commodity Description Count

7228309040 676.29 Aug-15 No Commodity

Details

Bar & rod of alloy steel, not further worked than hot-rolled, hot-drawn or extruded, with indentations, ribs, grooves or other deformations produced during rolling, not in irregularly wound coils (excl. stainless & 7228100043 to 7228301070) 76

7228309049 676.29 Nov-14 No Commodity

Details

Bars and rods of alloy steel (excl. stainless steel, high speed steel, silico-manganese steel and high alloy steel), not further worked than hot-rolled, hot-drawn or extruded, not in irregularly wound coils 77

7301100001 676.86 Sep-08 No Value Details

Sheet piling of iron or steel, whether or not drilled, punched or made from assembled elements 78

7303000043 679.11 Jan-10 Oct-14 No Commodity

Details Tubes, pipes and hollow profiles of cast iron 79

7306210048 679.42 Dec-14 Mar-15 No Commodity

Details Welded casing & tubing of stainless steel, of a kind used in drilling for oil or gas 80

7306210048 679.42 Jun-15 No Commodity

Details Welded casing & tubing of stainless steel, of a kind used in drilling for oil or gas 81

7306610022 679.44 Dec-14 No Commodity

Details

Welded tubes, pipes and hollow profiles nes, of square or rectangular cross section, of iron or non-alloy steel, not exc 279.4mm perimeter with a wall thickness exc 2mm 82

7306610025 679.44 Dec-14 No Commodity

Details

Welded tubes, pipes and hollow profiles, of iron or non-alloy steel, of square or rectangular cross section, exceeding 279.4mm perimeter (excl. those of cast iron; line pipe and casing and tubing used for drilling on oil and gas pipelines) 83

7306690026 679.44 Aug-11 Dec-11 No Commodity

Details

Welded tubes, pipes and hollow profiles nes, of non-circular cross-section, of iron or non-alloy steel, not exc 279.4mm perimeter with a wall thickness not exc 2mm 84

7306690027 679.44 Aug-09 Dec-11 No Commodity

Details

Welded tubes, pipes and hollow profiles nes, of non-circular cross-section, of iron or non-alloy steel, not exc 279.4mm perimeter with a wall thickness exc 2mm 85

7306690028 679.44 Aug-09 Dec-11 No Commodity

Details

Welded tubes, pipes and hollow profiles nes, of non-circular cross-section, of iron or non-alloy steel, exc 279.4mm but not exc 1277.3mm perimeter 86

7312100091 693.11 Jan-15 No Commodity

Details

Stranded steel ropes & cable, not electrically insulated, of a diameter exceed 50mm but not exceed 100mm, with not more than 8 strands (excl. stainless steel; brass coated cord for reinforcing rubber tyres; stress-relieved steel wire strand) 87

7321110021 697.31 Jul-13 Oct-14 No Commodity

Details

Non-portable, 2 burners or more, non-electric domestic ovens for gas fuel or for both gas and other fuels (excl. combined gas-electric) of iron or steel and solid fuel, total input capacity which exceeds 5 Mj 88

7606120033 684.23 Sep-08 No Commodity

Details

Alloyed rectangular (incl. square) aluminium plates, sheets and strip (excl. of a kind used in the manufacture of venetian blinds), coiled, exc 1,500mm in width, exc 0.2mm but not exc 3mm in thickness 89

8418210010 775.21 Jul-09 Jun-12 No Commodity

Details

Compression-type, household type refrigerators 200 L and over but less than 300 L gross internal capacity 90

8429400029 723.33 Jul-09 Aug-12 No Commodity

Details Self-propelled tamping machines and road rollers 91

8519813032 763.39 Oct-09 Dec-11 No Commodity

Details

Cassette type dictating machines capable of operating without an external source of power 92

- 154 -

HTISC codes not included in ABS partner country import totals

HTISC SITC-

REV4 Date of Effect

Date of Cessation Restriction applied Commodity Description Count

8519813033 763.39 Jan-12 Aug-14 No Commodity

Details

Dictating machines, not capable of operating without an external source of power and dictating machines based on digital audio or cassette-type magnetic tape recorders 93

8544492040 773.16 Sep-08 Jul-12 No Commodity

Details

Electric conductors not fitted with connectors, insulated with cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) materials, for a voltage exc 80V but not exc 1,000V 94

8544601009 773.17 Dec-08 Jul-14 No Commodity

Details

Insulated electric conductors designed for working pressures exceeding 33 kV, for a voltage exceeding 1,000V 95

8544609020 773.17 Sep-08 Jul-14 No Commodity

Details

Electric conductors designed for working pressures exceeding 11,000V but not exceeding 33,000V, not fitted with connectors, insulated with cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) materials, for a voltage exceeding 1,000V 96

8544609034 773.17 Jan-12 Jul-12 No Commodity

Details

Insulated electric conductors, designed for working pressures exceeding 1,000 V but not exceeding 11,000 V (excl. goods of HS 85441 to HS 85443) 97

8544609056 773.17 Dec-08 Dec-11 No Commodity

Details

Elec conductors, for a voltage exc 1,000V, designed for working pressures exc 1,000V but not exc 11,000V, not fitted with connectors 98

8701200003 783.20 Dec-08 Dec-11 No Commodity

Details

Assembled road tractors for semi-trailers (excl. those presented with their trailers or semi-trailers and, when combined, have a g.v.w. of 10.16T or more) 99

8701200005 783.20 Jan-12 Jun-15 No Commodity

Details

Road tractors for semi-trailers (excl. tractors of the type used on railway station platforms and those of HS 8709) 100

8705100010 782.21 Dec-08 Dec-11 No Commodity

Details Assembled crane lorries 101

8705100015 782.21 Jan-12 Jun-15 No Commodity

Details Crane lorries 102

8802110003 792.11 Dec-08 Jun-15 No Commodity

Details Helicopters of an unladen weight not exc 2,000kg 103

8802120004 792.15 Dec-08 Aug-15 No Commodity

Details Helicopters of an unladen weight exc 2,000kg 104

8802300006 792.30 Dec-08 Jun-15 No Commodity

Details

Aeroplanes and other aircraft (excl. helicopters) of an unladen weight exc 2,000kg but not exc 15,000kg 105

8802400007 792.40 Sep-08 No Commodity

Details

Aeroplanes and other aircraft (excl. helicopters) of an unladen weight exc 15,000kg 106

8803300012 792.95 Dec-08 Aug-15 No Commodity

Details

Parts of aeroplanes or helicopters (excl. propellers, rotors and under-carriages and parts thereof) 107

8901909035 793.27 Dec-08 Jun-15 No Commodity

Details

Other vessels for the transport of goods or persons and goods (excl. ferry boats, tankers and refrigerated vessels) exc 150 gross construction tons, imported as self transported goods (ie under own power) 108

9303200004 891.31 Mar-10 Jul-12 No Commodity

Details

Sporting, hunting or target-shooting shotguns and combination shotgun-rifles (excl. muzzle-loading) which operate by the firing of an explosive charge 109

- 155 -

Table C: DFAT's estimates of the impact of the change on ABS merchandise exports for 2013 (a)

% underreporting in ABS export data for 2013 (b)

Partner country (c) 0-2 3-5 5-10 11-15 16-20 20+

Algeria x Argentina (d) x Armenia x Austria x Barbados x Belgium (d) x Bolivia x Bosnia-Herzegovina x Brazil (d) x Bulgaria x Burkina Faso x Cambodia x Canada (d) x Chile x China (a) x Colombia x Costa Rica x Croatia x Cyprus x Czech Republic x Denmark x Ecuador x Egypt x El Salvador x Estonia x Fiji x Finland x France (d) x French Polynesia x Germany (d) x Ghana x Greece x Hong Kong, SAR of China x Hungary x Iceland x India (d) x Indonesia (d) x Ireland x Israel x Italy (d) x Japan (d) x Jordan x Kazakhstan x Latvia x Lebanon x Lithuania x Luxembourg x Madagascar x Malawi x Malaysia (d) x Mauritania x Malta x

- 156 -

Table C: DFAT's estimates of the impact of the change on ABS merchandise exports for 2013 (a) (cont’d)

% underreporting in ABS export data for 2013 (b)

Partner country (c) 0-2 3-5 5-10 11-15 16-20 20+ Mauritius x Mexico x Mongolia x Montenegro x Mozambique x Nambia x Netherlands (d) x New Zealand (d) x Niger x Norway x Oman x Pakistan x Panama x Paraguay x Peru

x

Philippines x Poland x Portugal x Republic of Congo x Republic of Korea (d) x Romania x Russian Federation x Samoa x Saudi Arabia (d) x Serbia x Singapore x Slovak Republic x Slovenia x Solomon Islands x South Africa (d) x Spain x Sri Lanka x Sweden x Switzerland x Taiwan (d) x Tanzania x Thailand (d) x Timor-Leste x Turkey x United Kingdom (d) x United States (d) x Uruguay x Yemen x Zambia x

(a) Based on analysing partner country import data for 44 of the 55 confidential export codes. (b) The analysis is based on a full 12 month period. For the calendar year 2013, the percentage under-reporting may be less as the confidentiality has only been in place for 7 months of 2013 (from June 2013). (c) Only includes countries that have reported trade data for 2013. (d) Based on ABS unpublished data and is the actual under reporting of exports for the 7 months of 2013 and covers all confidential export codes. Based on UN Comtrade database, Global Trade Atlas and ABS unpublished data.

- 157 -

Appendix H TRIEC classification

1 Primary products

11 Primary products – Unprocessed

111 Food & live animals 112 Minerals 113 Fuels 114 Other

12 Primary products – Processed

121 Food 122 Minerals 123 Fuels 124 Other

2 Manufactured products

23 Manufactures – Simply transformed

231 Mineral manufactures & metals 232 Chemicals & other semi-manufactures 233 Other simply transformed

24 Manufactures – Elaborately transformed

241 Mineral manufactures & metals 242 Chemicals & other semi-manufactures 243 Engineering products (excl Household equipment) 244 Other elaborately transformed

3 Other goods

30 Other goods

301 Miscellaneous trade 302 Non-monetary gold 303 Unclassified trade & invalid items 304 Confidential items

- 158 -

1 Primary products

11 Primary products – Unprocessed 111 Primary products – Unprocessed - Food & live animals 1111 Live animals, chiefly for food 1112 Seafood, fresh, chilled, dried, smoked, salted 1113 Vegetables, fruit & nuts, fresh, chilled, or provisionally preserved 1114 Cereal grains 1119 Unprocessed food nes

112 Primary products – Unprocessed – Minerals

1121 Iron ore & concentrates (Australian split only)8 1122 Other metalliferous ores & concentrates 1129 Unprocessed minerals nes 113 Primary products – Unprocessed – Fuels 1131 Coal, anthracite & bituminous 1132 Crude petroleum 1133 Petroleum gases & gaseous hydrocarbons nes

114 Primary products – Unprocessed – Other 1141 Hides, skins & furskins, raw 1142 Cork & wood 1143 Textile fibres, unprocessed & waste 1149 Crude materials nes 12 Primary products – Processed 121 Primary products – Processed – Food 1211 Meat & meat preparations 1212 Seafood, frozen or processed 1213 Dairy products, processed 1214 Vegetables, fruit & nuts preparations 1215 Cereal preparations 1216 Animal & vegetable oils, fats & waxes 1217 Sugars, honey, coffee, cocoa & confectionery 1219 Preparations of food, beverages & tobacco nes 122 Primary products – Processed – Minerals 1221 Non-metallic minerals, processed 1222 Metallic minerals, processed 123 Primary products – Processed – Fuels 1231 Refined petroleum products 1232 Petroleum gases & other gaseous hydrocarbons, processed 1233 Electric current (Not an Australian code) 1239 Other processed fuels nes

8 For international merchandise trade data TRIEC codes 1121 & 1122 will be combined to code 1123 ‘Metalliferous ores & concentrates’.

- 159 -

124 Primary products – Processed – Other 1241 Rubber, natural, synthetic & reclaimed 1242 Wood, simply worked & pulp 1243 Textile fibres, processed

2 Manufactured products

23 Manufactures – Simply transformed 231 Manufactures – Simply transformed – Mineral manufactures & metals 2311 Non-metallic mineral manufactures 2312 Iron & steel 2313 Non-ferrous metals 232 Manufactures – Simply transformed – Chemicals & other semi-manufactures 2321 Organic chemicals 2322 Inorganic chemicals 2323 Other chemical & chemical preparations 2324 Other semi-manufactures 233 Manufactures – Simply transformed – Other 2339 Other simply transformed manufactures nes 24 Manufactures – Elaborately transformed 241 Manufactures – Elaborately transformed – Mineral manufactures & metals 2411 Non-metallic mineral manufactures 2412 Iron & steel 2413 Non-ferrous metals 242 Manufactures – Elaborately transformed – Chemicals & other semi-manufactures 2421 Pharmaceutical products 2422 Essential oils, perfume & cosmetic products 2423 Plastics & articles of plastic 2424 Other chemical & chemical preparations 2425 Other semi-manufactures 243 Manufactures – Elaborately transformed – Engineering products (excl Household

equipment) 2431 Machinery for specialised industries 2432 Office & telecommunications equipment & parts 2433 Road motor vehicles & parts 2434 Other transport equipment & parts 2435 Professional, scientific & controlling instruments & apparatus 2439 Other engineering products nes 244 Manufactures – Elaborately transformed – Other 2441 Household equipment 2442 Textiles, clothing & footwear 2449 Other miscellaneous manufactured articles nes

- 160 -

3 Other goods 30 Other goods 301 Other goods – Miscellaneous trade 3011 Armoured fighting vehicles, arms of war, etc & parts, nes 3012 Gold coins & other coins that are legal tender 3019 Miscellaneous merchandise trade nes 302 Other goods – Non-monetary gold 3021 Non-monetary gold 303 Other goods – Unclassified trade & invalid items 3031 Unclassified trade & invalid items 304 Other goods – Confidential trade 3041 Confidential trade

COMPOSITIONOF TRADE

AUSTRALIA2014-15

COM

POSITIO

N OF TRADE AUSTRALIA 2013-14

DEPARTM

ENT OF FO

REIGN AFFAIRS AND TRADE