© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Presentation_ID 1

Chapter 1 B: Exploring the Network

Introduction to Networks

Presentation_ID 2 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

LANs and WANs Types of Networks

The two most common types of network infrastructures are:

Local Area Network (LAN)

Wide Area Network (WAN).

Other types of networks include:

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

Wireless LAN (WLAN)

Storage Area Network (SAN)

Presentation_ID 3 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

LANs and WANs Local Area Networks (LAN)

Presentation_ID 4 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

LANs and WANs Wide Area Networks (WAN)

Presentation_ID 5 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

LANs, WANs, and the Internet The Internet

Presentation_ID 6 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

LANs, WANs, and the Internet

Intranet and Extranet

Presentation_ID 7 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

Connecting to the Internet Connecting Remote Users to the Internet

DSL (Digital Subscriber Line)

is a technology for bringing high-

bandwidth information to

homes and small businesses over ordinary copper telephone lines

Presentation_ID 8 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

Connecting to the Internet Connecting Businesses to the Internet

Metro Ethernet is the use of

Carrier Ethernet technology

in metropolitan area networks (MANs).

© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Presentation_ID 9

The Network as a Platform

Presentation_ID 10 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

The Multiple Network

Computer networks, telephone networks and broadcast networks can operate on their own.

Presentation_ID 11 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

The Converged Network Multiple networks can be combined into converged networks.

Presentation_ID 12 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

Converged Networks Planning for the Future

Presentation_ID 13 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

Reliable Network Supporting Network Architecture

There are four basic characteristics that the underlying architectures need to address in order to meet user expectations:

Fault Tolerance - Fault tolerance is the property that enables a system to continue operating properly in the event of the failure of (or one or more faults within) some of its components.

Scalability – network able to expand as needed

Quality of Service (QoS) - the overall performance of a telephony or computer network, particularly the performance seen by the users of the network.

Security – the ability of a system to protect against hacking and security threats.

Presentation_ID 14 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

Reliable Network Fault Tolerance in Circuit Switched Network

Presentation_ID 15 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

Reliable Network Packet-Switched Networks

Presentation_ID 16 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

Reliable Network Scalable (Expandable) Networks

Presentation_ID 17 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

Reliable Network Providing QoS (Quality of Service)

Examples of priority decisions for an organization might include:

Time-sensitive communication - increase priority for services like telephony or video distribution.

Non time-sensitive communication - decrease priority for web page retrieval or email.

High importance to organization - increase priority for production control or business transaction data.

Undesirable communication - decrease priority or block unwanted activity, like peer-to-peer file sharing or live entertainment.

Presentation_ID 18 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

Reliable Network Providing Network Security

© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Presentation_ID 19

1.4 The Changing Network Environment

Presentation_ID 20 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

Network Trends New trends

Some of the top trends include:

Bring Your Own Device (BYOD)

Online collaboration

Video

Cloud computing

Presentation_ID 21 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

Network Trends Bring Your Own Device (BYOD)

The concept of any device, to any content, in anyway is a major global trend that requires significant changes to the way devices are used.

This trend is known as Bring Your Own Device (BYOD).

Presentation_ID 22 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

Network Trends Online Collaboration meetings and communication

Presentation_ID 23 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

Network Trends Video Communication

Presentation_ID 24 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

Network Trends Cloud Computing

Cloud computing offers the following potential benefits:

Organizational flexibility

Agility and rapid deployment

Reduced cost of infrastructure

Refocus of IT resources

Creation of new business models

Presentation_ID 25 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

Network Trends Data Centers

A data center is a facility used to house computer systems and associated components including:

Redundant data communications connections

High-speed virtual servers (sometimes referred to as server farms or server clusters)

Redundant storage systems (typically uses SAN technology)

Redundant or backup power supplies

Environmental controls (e.g., air conditioning, fire suppression)

Security devices

Presentation_ID 26 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

Networking Technologies for the Home Technology Trends in the Home

Presentation_ID 27 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

Networking Technologies for the Home Powerline Networking

Presentation_ID 28 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

Networking Technologies for the Home Wireless Broadband

Presentation_ID 29 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

Future of Networking Network Security

Presentation_ID 30 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

Network Security Security Threats

The most common external threats to networks include:

1. Viruses, worms, and Trojan horses – softwares that replicate themselves

2. Spyware and adware

3. Zero-day attacks/Zero-hour attacks A zero day vulnerability refers to a hole in software that is unknown to the vendor. This security hole is then exploited by hackers before the vendor becomes aware and hurries to fix it—this exploit is called a zero day attack.

Presentation_ID 31 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

Network Security Security Threats

The most common external threats to networks include:

4. Hacker attacks

5. Denial of service (DoS) attacks - an attempt to make a machine or network resource unavailable to its intended users

6. Data interception and theft

7. Identity theft

Presentation_ID 32 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

Network Security Security Solutions

Network security components often include:

Antivirus and anti-spyware

Firewall filtering - a firewall is a network security system that monitors and controls the incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules.

Dedicated firewall systems

Access control lists (ACL) - a list of access control entries that identify a trustee and specifies the access rights allowed, denied, or audited for that trustee.

Presentation_ID 33 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

Network Security Security Solutions

Network security components often include:

Intrusion prevention systems (IPS) - a network security/threat prevention technology that examines network traffic flows to detect and prevent vulnerability exploits.

Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) - extends a private network across a public network or internet. It enables users to send and receive data across shared or public networks as if their computing devices were directly connected to the private network.

Presentation_ID 34 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

Network Architectures Cisco Network Architectures

Presentation_ID 35 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

Network Architectures Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA)

Presentation_ID 36 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

Exploring the Networking Summary

In this chapter, you learned:

Networks and the Internet have changed the way we communicate, learn, work, and even play.

Networks come in all sizes. They can range from simple networks consisting of two computers, to networks connecting millions of devices.

The Internet is the largest network in existence. In fact, the term Internet means a ‘network of networks. The Internet provides the services that enable us to connect and communicate with our families, friends, work, and interests.

The network infrastructure is the platform that supports the network. It provides the stable and reliable channel over which communication can occur. It is made up of network components including end devices, intermediate devices, and network media.

Presentation_ID 37 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

Exploring the Networking Summary (cont.)

In this chapter, you learned:

Networks must be reliable.

Network security is an integral part of computer networking, regardless of whether the network is limited to a home environment with a single connection to the Internet, or as large as a corporation with thousands of users.

The network infrastructure can vary greatly in terms of size, number of users, and number and types of services that are supported on it. The network infrastructure must grow and adjust to support the way the network is used. The routing and switching platform is the foundation of any network infrastructure.

Presentation_ID 38 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

END OF CHAPTER 1

Presentation_ID 39 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

CHAPTER 1 B REVIEW

21 Questions

Presentation_ID 40 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

1. What does LAN stand for?

Presentation_ID 41 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

1. What does LAN stand for? Ans : Local Area Network

Presentation_ID 42 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

2. What does WAN stand for? Wide Area Network

Presentation_ID 43 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

3. How are LANs and WANs related?

Presentation_ID 44 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

3. How are LANs and WANs related?

Presentation_ID 45 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

4. What is the difference between Intranet, Extranet and Internet?

Presentation_ID 46 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

4. What is the difference between Intranet, Extranet and Internet? Intranet can only be accessed by authorized users who are employees in an organization. Extranet can only be accessed by authorized users, including employees and non-employees of an organization.

Presentation_ID 47 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

5. How do people in a country get access to the Internet?

Presentation_ID 48 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

5. How do people in a country get access to the Internet? They can only do so via Internet Service Providers.

Presentation_ID 49 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

6. What are the 3 networks used over the Internet?

Presentation_ID 50 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

6. What are the 3 networks used over the Internet? Computer network Telephone network broadcast network

Presentation_ID 51 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

7. What is the difference between Multiple Networks and Converged Network?

Presentation_ID 52 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

7. What is the difference between Multiple Networks and Converged Networks? Multiple Networks – each network operates on its own. Converged Networks – all networks are run as one system.

Presentation_ID 53 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

8. What are the four characteristics of underlying network architectures?

Presentation_ID 54 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

8. What are the four characteristics of underlying network architectures?

Fault Tolerance - the property that enables a system to continue operating properly in the event of the failure of (or one or more faults within) some of its components.

Scalability – network able to expand as needed

Quality of Service (QoS) - the overall performance of a telephony or computer network, particularly the performance seen by the users of the network.

Security – the ability of a system to protect against hacking and security threats.

Presentation_ID 55 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

9. What is Fault Tolerance in Circuit Switched Network

Presentation_ID 56 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

9. What is Fault Tolerance in Circuit Switched Network

If the number of calls exceed the limit, additional calls will may not get through.

Presentation_ID 57 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

10. What is fault tolerance in Packet-Switched Networks

Presentation_ID 58 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

10. What is fault tolerance in Packet-Switched Networks When traffic is high, communication may be delayed, but will not be denied.

Presentation_ID 59 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

11. What are Scalable Networks

Presentation_ID 60 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

11. What are Scalable Networks Scalable networks are networks that can be expanded.

Presentation_ID 61 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

12. What does providing QoS (Quality of Service) mean?

Presentation_ID 62 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

12. What does providing QoS (Quality of Service) mean?

It means providing priority decisions for an organization.

Time-sensitive communication - increase priority for services like telephony or video distribution.

Non time-sensitive communication - decrease priority for web page retrieval or email.

High importance to organization - increase priority for production control or business transaction data.

Undesirable communication - decrease priority or block unwanted activity, like peer-to-peer file sharing or live entertainment.

Presentation_ID 63 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

13. Who must networks be protected from?

Presentation_ID 64 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

13. Who must networks be protected from?

Presentation_ID 65 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

14. What are 4 new network trends?

Presentation_ID 66 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

14. What are 4 new network trends?

Bring Your Own Device (BYOD)

Online collaboration

Video

Cloud computing

Presentation_ID 67 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

Network Trends Online Collaboration

Presentation_ID 68 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

15. What are some potential benefits of Cloud Computing

Presentation_ID 69 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

15. What are some potential benefits of Cloud Computing

Cloud computing offers the following potential benefits:

Organizational flexibility

Agility and rapid deployment

Reduced cost of infrastructure

Refocus of IT resources

Creation of new business models

Presentation_ID 70 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

16. What are Data Centers

Presentation_ID 71 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

16. What are Data Centers

A data center is a facility used to house computer systems and associated components.

Presentation_ID 72 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

17. What devices are found at Data Centers?

Presentation_ID 73 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

17. What devices are found at Data Centers? Redundant data communications connections

High-speed virtual servers

Redundant storage systems

Redundant or backup power supplies

Environmental control devices (e.g., air conditioning, fire suppression)

Security devices

Presentation_ID 74 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

18. What are 2 trends in home technology?

Presentation_ID 75 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

18. What are 2 trends in home technology?

Power Line Networking

Wireless Broadband

Presentation_ID 76 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

19. What are the 2 categories of Network Security threats?

Presentation_ID 77 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

19. What are the 2 categories of Network Security threats? Internal threats (employees in organisation) and external threats (people outside organisation)

Presentation_ID 78 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

20. Name 7 external Security Threats

Presentation_ID 79 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

20. Name 7 external Security Threats

1. Viruses, worms, and Trojan horses – softwares that replicate themselves

2. Spyware and adware

3. Zero-day attacks/Zero-hour attacks

. Hacker attacks

5. Denial of service (DoS) attacks - an attempt to make a machine or network resource unavailable to its intended users

6. Data interception and theft

7. Identity theft

Presentation_ID 80 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

21. What are Security Solutions available for use against threats?

Presentation_ID 81 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

21. What are Security Solutions available for use against threats?

Network security solutions include:

Antivirus and anti-spyware

Firewall filtering

Dedicated firewall systems

Access control lists (ACL)

Intrusion prevention systems (IPS)

Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)