pdf vol 05 no 03 197-236 private engel

PRIVATE LAW A Constitutional Framework for Private Governance ∗ By Christoph Engel I. Introdu ction ................................................................................................................................................ 198 II. Privat e versu s p ublic gover nance......................................................................................................... 202 1. Disputes and confl icts....... ................................................................................................................. 202 2. Constitutional protection from governmental interference into private regulation in the interest of the addres sees .................................................................................... 204 a) Protected rights......................................................................................................................... 205 b) Legitimate aims......................................................................................................................... 209 c) Condu cive ...................................................................................................................................... 213 d) Least intrusiv e................ ................................................................................................................ 213 e) Not overl y onerou s ....................................................................................................................... 214 f) Solutio ns ......................................................................................................................................... 218 3. Other disputes between private regulators and government ...................................................... 219 a) Conf licts in private regulat ory bodies........................................................................................ 219 b) Conflicts between competing private regulators ...................................................................... 221 c) Competition between private and public regulation ............................................................... 222 4. Disputes between addressees and government............................................................................. 223 a) Protection from public intervention into private regulation ................................................... 224 b) Call for protection against private regula tion ........................................................................... 225 5. Disputes between beneficiaries and government .......................................................................... 228 a) Protection from public intervention into private regulation ................................................... 228 b) Call for effective priva te regul ation ............................................................................................ 229 III. Private gover nance without law ...................................................................................................... 229 1. Normative advantages of governance by law................................................................................ 230 2. Constitutional status of govern ance by law ................................................................................... 231 IV. Conclusion: From pure private to hybrid regulation .................................................................... 233 ∗ I am indebted to Adrienne Héritier, Florian Becker, Tanja Börzel and Peer Zumbansen for helpful comments, and to Darrell Arnold for the linguistic trimming of the paper.

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