淡江大學 電機工程學系 李揚漢教授

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Technology option

Key characteristics

Benefits Drawback

1a. Evolution of Rel-12 using existing bandwidth

Operation on a normal LTE carrier with system bandwidth 1.4-20 MHz and 15 kHz sub-carrier spacing. Further enhancements for M2M compared to Rel-12, e.g. reduced RF receive bandwidth in

Full spectrum compatibility with current LTE releases. Lowest standardization and development effort Allowing for dedicated m2m carrier as well as overlay with mobile broadband

Less smooth migration of GSM spectrum. Not fully optimized for the low-cost/low-energy use case (benefit of further optimization unclear)

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Technology option

Key characteristics

Benefits Drawback

1b. Evolution of Rel-12 using narrower bandwidth

Operation on an LTE carrier with a new narrow (200 kHz) system bandwidth and 15 kHz sub-carrier spacing. Further enhancements for M2M compared to Rel-12, e.g. reduced UE RF bandwidth

Full spectrum compatibility with current LTE releases Allowing for dedicated M2M carrier as well as overlay with mobile broadband services on same carrier. Smooth migration of GSM spectrum

More standardization and development effort compared with option 1a. Not fully optimized for the low-cost/low-energy use case (benefit of further optimization unclear)

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Technology option

Key characteristics

Benefits Drawback

2 Clean-slate, based on single carrier using asymmetric channel spacings

Operation in 200-kHz bandwidth Sub carrier spacing of 15 kHz in the downlink and an integral division of 15 kHz in the uplink, typically 3 kHz or 5 kHz, with allowance for channel bonding on the

Development effort can fully focus on optimization for low cost/energy Smooth migration of GSM spectrum

More standardization and development effort compared with option 1b Limited data rate scalability

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Solutions based on evolution over GPRS • EC-GSM(Extended Coverage - GSM) • N-GSM (Narrowband-GSM)

Clean slate solutions which are new radio technologies • Narrowband M2M (NB M2M) • Narrowband OFDMA (NB OFDMA) • NB M2M (UL) + NB OFDMA (DL) • Cooperative Ultra Narrowband • Combined Narrowband and Chirp Spread Spectrum

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C-BS

eNB(eMTC)

S1-lite

S1-lite

HSS

S6a*

SMS-GMSC/IWMSC/SMS

router

Gd/Gdd*

CIOT

UEC-Uu

C-SGN

LTE eMTC

UELTE-Uu (eMTC)

Application Server (AS)

SGi*

C-BS

eNB(eMTC)

S1-lite

S1-lite

HSS

S6a*

SMS-GMSC/IWMSC/SMS

router

Gd/Gdd*

CIOT

UEC-Uu

C-SGN

LTE eMTC

UELTE-Uu (eMTC)

S8*PGW

Application Server (AS)

SGi*

CIOT architecture (non-roaming)

CIOT architecture (roaming)

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C-SGN P-GW

S8

GTP-C/U

S1AP

SCTP/IP UDP/IP

L2 L2

L1 L1

RAN

RAN

RAN

L1

S-NAS

IP/non IP

UDP/IP

L2

L1

SGi S1-lite

CIoT/LTE-RAN

RAN SCTP/IP

L2

RAN S1AP

RAN

L1 L1

UE

S-NAS

Non-IP/IP

UDP

GTP-C/U

UDP

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Category Application example

UL Data Size DL Data Size Frequency

Mobile Autonomous Reporting (MAR) exception reports

smoke alarm detectors, power failure notifications from smart meters, tamper notifications etc.

20 bytes 0

ACK payload size is assumed to be 0 bytes

Every few months;

Every year

Mobile Autonomous Reporting (MAR) periodic reports

smart utility (gas/water/electric) metering reports, smart agriculture, smart environment etc.

20 bytes with a cut off of 200 bytes i.e. payloads higher than 200 bytes are assumed to be 200 bytes.

50% of UL data size

ACK payload size is assumed to be 0 bytes

1 day (40%), 2 hours (40%), 1 hour (15%), and 30 minutes (5%)

Network Command

Switch on/off, device trigger to send uplink report, request for meter reading

0 - 20 bytes

50% of cases require UL response.

20 bytes 1 day (40%), 2 hours (40%), 1 hour (15%), and 30 minutes (5%)

Software update/reconfiguration model

Software patches/updates

200 bytes with a cut off of 2000 bytes i.e. payload higher than 2000 bytes

d t

200 bytes with a cut off of 2000 bytes i.e. payload higher than 2000 bytes

d t

180 days

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Scenario 1: Re-farming GSM carrier

Scenario 2: Dedicated/fragment spectrum

Scenario 3: E-UTRA guard-band

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Minimum spectrum required: 200 kHz. Reuse of one GSM carrier.

NB-CIoT downlink power can be a fraction of that for one GSM carrier (6.6 Watts vs. 20 Watts) and still achieve coverage objectives.

Full set of coexistence studies captured in sub-clause 7.3.6.6 of 3GPP TR 45.820.

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Minimum spectrum required: 200 kHz. Reuse of spectrum fragments in existing

UTRA/E-UTRA deployments.

NB-CIoT downlink power can be a fraction of that for one UTRA/E-UTRA carrier (6.6 Watts vs. 20 Watts) and still achieve coverage objectives.

Full set of coexistence studies captured in sub-clause 7.3.6.6 of 3GPP TR 45.820.

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E-UTRA channel bandwidth: 10 MHz or 20 MHz.

NB-CIoT downlink power can be a fraction of that for the E-UTRA carrier (6.6 Watts vs. 20 Watts) and still achieve coverage objectives.

Not studied in the GERAN CIoT study item, but shown feasible based on evaluations with existing base station radio heads (see next slides).

1. WWW.3GPP.ORG

2. RP-150709 “Views on specification for a Cellular IoT system in RAN,” Huawei, HiSilicon, June 15-18, 2015

3. RP-151191 Cellular IOT: Some Frequently Asked Questions Qualcomm Korea

4. RP-151550 NB-CIoT: the clean-slate technology for Internet of Things Huawei, HiSilicon

5. RP-151359 NB-CIoT deployment scenarios Huawei, HiSilicon