pd 184 thai cuisine
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Issues in Thai cuisine: From green revolution to MSG. PD 184 Thai cuisine. Post 1945 : agricultural development. Leaning toward achieving the first goal while neglecting the second. The first goal is to be competitive and second one is to sustain famers livelihoods. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Issues in Thai cuisine: From green revolution to MSG
Post 1945 : agricultural development Leaning toward achieving the first
goal while neglecting the second. The first goal is to be competitive
and second one is to sustain famers livelihoods.
Response to the failure of convectional agriculture
Green revolution
In the 1960s Introduced by the world bank , the
Rockefeller Foundation Norman Borlaug; father of green
revolution promoting GMO’s
Pre- Green Revolution
In 1964, 75 percent of workforces were in
agricultural sector Generation of families were born into
life of farm Did not have access to improve plant
varieties Too poor to buy pesticides or
fertilisers
Pre Green Revolution
Subsistence agriculture: feeding one’s family first.
Exceptional hard work Poor soil, seed never germinated, flood,
drought, insects and diseases were common.
Low yield Season dependency & insufficient food
supply Farming minus proper technology: hard
life
Green revolution
It was Thai Government policy to Promote export oriented agricultural
system Higher yield to be price competitive
in the market Increase country growth’ rate Improve poverty conditions for Thai
farmer Nation food security.
Green revolution
The fight is over: never look back Minister of Agriculture introduced
NEW RICE VARIETY developed by The Philippines
Improved yields & resistance to rice hopper insects
Irrigation system increase yield up to six tones per hectare : significant increase produtivity
Green Revolution is about
GMO’s seed & GMO techonology Chemical Fertilizers Chemical Pesticides Irrigations systems Mechanic farming equipment To achieve the policy that laid down
by government.
Green revolution
New agricultural technology became corner stone of Thailand’ agricultural policy
Toward light industrial development utilizing labour resources no longer required on the farm.
Green revolution
Some forest has to make way for agricultural land
Between 1961 and 1989Forest land decrease from 187.5
million rai ( 1 rai =1600) to 85 millions rai ( office of agricultral Economic 1992)
Consequences of green revolution Increase yield per hectare; productivityNational development plans can be move
toward industrial base economy Competitive edge ( price and quality) Important agricultural product exporter Increase country’s revenue Economy figures Better standard of living in general ??
Consequences #2
Environmental effects: soil erosion and soil exhaustion
Deforestation: more erratic rainfall pattern, flood, ,loss of top soil, decline in farmers’ traditional diets.
Socio-economic effects Health; death & illness due to pesticide 1998 there were 4234 people reported
to suffering from pesticide poisoning
Not the same…..
“ Jasmine rice is losing its fragrance because the Ministry of Agriculture is promoting ne varieties. The new varieties cross with the old and made them less fragrance. Farmer are in debt because the price is reduced due to the loss of fragrant” ( Farmer interviewed at Rice conference.
Consequences
Socio-economic effects Farming became more productive. Kids can go to school, get some education. There are more lifestyle choice to choose from and other workforce sector.More time for ladies of the family for handicrafts, regional processed food and etc The structure of Thai family
Agricultural movement
1980 initiated by local farmers & local non-government organization.
1984 AAN Alternative Agriculture Network
National network who provides main discussion forum of experience sharing and policy advocacy for sustainable agriculture including organic farming.
Agricultural movement
1995 Agriculture certification Thailand ( ACT) set up to provide professional organic certification services for all farm product as well as processing and handing products.
2005 NIA National Innovation Agency Initiate strengthening export capacity of
Thailand organic agricultural products.2008 Thai government allocated 4.8 billion
baht of developing the local organic industry.
Government focuses on….
Thai government focuses on Developing national standard,
certification and accreditation Government offer little help toward
organic production
An estimate of 8958 hectares of farmland are now under organic management
Only 0.04% of total farmland. Primary food products: rice and fresh
vegetable Diversify to other organic products:
medicinal herbs, tropical fruit, shrimp, palm oil
As a result
Export incomes of about 700 to 800 million baht in 2008
The value is less than 1% of country food revenue.
NIA create a significant collaborative network among private sectors, researcher, and organic producers.
BUT
At Tops Market Outlet70% of TOPS 300 items are imported. Thai producers are far from producing
them The retailerr is willing to replace
imported product with local products.
(Phattaraporn, as quote from Bangkok Post, 18 May 2005)
Not 100% organic but “pesticide safe” Safe food Labels indicating “ pesticide safe
vegetable” Differentiation label pesticide safe is
challenging in Thai market
Why buy “pesticide safe”
Healthier perception Environmentally friendly Are two main reasonsWHO? OlderHigher educationHigher family income
Why
Why organic products tends to be more expensive?
Slow food
Clean: Good: Fair: PLUS; Promote biodiversitySafeguard food heritageFood from scratch
MSG
Monosodium Glutamate Kikunae Ikeda Crystal of Glutamic acid (AMINO ADIC) Unami = supreme Deliciousness
( Jeffery Steingarten) Vogue food’s writer
Combination of all senses not only taste
1909 Aji no mo to
MSG
University of Miami School of Medicine discovers “ that adding monosodium glutamate makes food taste better and makes you want to eat more”
The Chicago Manual of Style
http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org