pc duracaps(r) si - scale inhibitor brochure 2016

Production Chemical Group

PC Duracaps® SI Encapsulated Scale Inhibitor TechnologicalReportDownHoleScaleProtection

Registered Office: Third Floor, Ulysses House Foley Street Dublin 1 Ireland. Telephone: +353 (1) 888 1114 Fax: +353 (1) 888 1171

Web Site: - www.productionchemical.com

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PRODUCTION CHEMICAL Group of Companies

CONTENTS

Section I-Overview ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Section II- Product Characteristics ------------------------------------------------------------------ Section III- Factors influencing Caps release and transport ------------------------------------ Section IV- PC Duracaps® SI Advantages----------------------------------------------------- Section V- Cost comparisons per annum--------------------------------------------------------- Section VI-Estimating Life Expectancy ------------------------------------------------------------ Section VII-Application of Duracaps ® -------------------------------------------------------------- Section VIII- Monitoring ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Section IX- Shipping and Handling of PC Duracaps® SI------------------------------------------ Contact information---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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Encapsulated Scale Inhibitor PC Duracaps® SI

Technology Report Scale Inhibitor Controlled, Long Term Release Treatment Section I: Overview 1.1 Introduction Conventional downhole treatments for scale (i.e., scale squeezes) typically introduce large amounts of inhibitor into the service environment to effect a change in the scaling profile of the well. These treatments are designed to prevent scale compounds from forming and depositing along the production string, but they also are intended to provide extended life, usually on the order up to several months for scale squeezes. Although this treating method has been utilized for many years, it may have undesirable side effects, either at the intended target area or downstream of the target area. Some of the drawbacks include; significant loss of active product due to non-absorption or precipitation as in a scale squeeze, formation damage resulting from the introduction of foreign fluids into the production zone, and downstream system upsets due to high feedback concentrations of inhibitor immediately after application. Production Chemical’s DURACAPS® SI encapsulated scale inhibitor is designed to offset problems associated with conventional batch treatments by Providing continuous long term, controlled release of inhibitor into the target area at concentrations high enough to inhibit scale without introducing potentially damaging chemicals into the reservoir, yet low enough to prevent significant product loss and downstream system upsets.



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Section II: Characteristics & Physical Properties Production Chemical’s DURACAPS® SI Encapsulated Scale Inhibitor is non-hazardous; therefore, non-regulated by the United States Department of Transportation (D.O.T. which contains hundreds to thousands of capsules per aggregate) and a light amber colored brine solution above the capsules. The aggregate particles, averaging in size 1-3 mm, are weighted to allow placement to the bottom of a well. They are also heavier than the brine in the drum. Because of this property, capsules will settle and compact during storage and will require agitation prior to application. It is important to vigorously mix the contents of the drum immediately prior to and during removal from the container! Physical Properties

Note: The brine solution is present to allow the Duracaps to maintain their form during storage and provides a carrier for the mixing of the Duracaps during application.

Sr. No. Property details 1. Appearance semi solid aggregate specialized complex matrix

of polymer in a liquid Brine 2. Color white semi solid matrices in amber brine 3. Density @ 60 0F 9.15 -9.25 4. Solubility in Water Soluble 5. Specific Gravity(H2O=1) 1.124 6. Flash point >200o F



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Section III: Factors Influencing Duracaps® Release & Transport: There are 3 x basic mechanisms, occurring simultaneously, with regards to the release and transport of the active material, namely: 1) Release of the active material from the capsule's polymeric matrix. 2) Transport of the active material from DURACAPS® SI surface to the point where it

contacts with incoming produced fluids forming a concentration gradient. 3) Transport of the active material from the well bore up to the production tubing

string. Section IV - PC Duracaps® SI Advantages Through extensive experience of treating wells globally, we have concluded following

factors, which help the E & P producing companies to save a lot of time& expense;

• Complete Protection of well tubular from bottom to top, unlike a conventional

Scale Inhibitor. • Reduce the cost of mobility of machinery & manpower expense every month to

well site for batch treatment, by reducing it to once or maybe twice a year, making huge saving without any continuous scale inhibitor injection.

• Avoid loss of continuous SI injection down hole due to number of unforeseen reasons such as, pump failure, chemical makeup, inventory at site etc.

• Both DURACAPS® CI & SI can be charged together to give both Corrosion & Scale protections at the same time.

• Less wear & tear of the well as it will only be shut down once or twice in a year for the Inhibitor treatment.

• DURACAPS® CI & SI are excellent replacement to continuous injection through Capillary tubing down hole. Duracaps® SI- unlike conventional squeeze treatment do not have the risk to damage the reservoir/formation.



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If we consider the above factors cost of PC Duracaps® SI itself is insignificant as compare to cost of a conventional scale inhibitor, considering its frequency on annual basis. And

also taking in count un–interrupted production and profitability, Duracaps advantages are unmatchable.

Section V- Cost comparisons per annum

Conventional SI PC Duracaps® SI Material cost

• Quantity of chemical: • Quantity of solvents:

Material cost • Cost of the chemical: 2 drums • Cost of solvents: NA

Frequency per year: • Batch treatment: 24 x application • Capillary tubing: continuous

Frequency per year: • Application: 1 x application

Cost of batch treatment 1. Batch treatment:

(Material cost) x (solvent cost) x (equipment cost) x (man hours) = (value X) …. (i)

(value X) x (cost of production Loss during shut-in) x 24 = (Total expense)

2. Capillary Treatment

(material cost) x (solvent cost) x (equipment cost) x (condensate loss) x (tubing& equipment replacement cost due to un-interrupted injection) x (man hours for monitoring injection) = (Total Expense)

Cost of treatment

Charging with DURACAPS® SI: (material cost x equipment cost x man hours) = (value Y) …. (i)

(value Y) x (cost of production loss during shut-in) x 1 = (Total expense)

No capillary treatment required due to continuous release of the chemical for top to bottom protection



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PC Duracaps® SI future for scale inhibition downhole. Section VI: Estimating Life Expectancy As previously discussed, the length of a DURACAPS® SI treatment will depend on many factors, such as;

• The amount of DURACAPS® SI charged to the well • The bottom hole temperature, salinity & pH • The rat-hole dimensions • Production volumes • Degree of dilution between concentration gradient & incoming produced fluids

Due to interaction of these factors, it is very difficult to predict life expectancy for a given amount of DURACAPS® SI, whereas, future quantity can be assessed, after the first application.

Section VII: Application of DURACAPS® SI Production Chemical would like to recommend following methods for the placement of PC DURACAPS® SI in the rat hole of candidate well;

• Charging of Duracaps® SI through Bull heading • Charging of Duracaps® SI with Coil Tubing



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Section VIII: Monitoring: The progress of a DURACAPS® SI treatment can be accomplished using common oil field analytical methods. Brief discussions of these methods appear below to determine the effectiveness of caps during a treatment.

a.) Phosphate Residual Concentration (PRC): The active material released from the DURACAPS® SI is a Phosphonate based scale inhibitor. The amount of phosphonate present in the produced water, referred to as the Phosphate Residual Concentration (PRC), can be determined by the Hach UV-Oxidation Method or the HachWet Digestion Method. Either method requires that the active phosphonate is digested to convert the phosphonate from its meta form to the ortho phosphate form. After digestion, the converted phosphonate is determined calorimetrically. The intensity of the color is proportional to the amount of inhibitor in the produced fluids. Results from either method are to be reported in mg/l phosphonate. Experience has shown that a PRC as low as 0.2 mg/l phosphonate can be detected utilizing either method. Field results have demonstrated that scale has been prevented with a PRC in the 0.2- 0.5 mg/l range.

b.) Calcium: This element can be easily determined in oilfield waters through the simple EDTA titration method or by the AA (atomic absorption) method. The significance of monitoring calcium is that it provides an indication if calcium is remaining in solution or if it is combining with carbonate or sulfate radicals in the water, i.e., forming scale. Total and free calcium ion concentration should be determined in order to establish a baseline and monitored throughout the life of the treatment. It should be reported in conjunction with the PRC in order to determine the minimum level of PRC that can be tolerated before a resulting drop in the calcium level is observed.

c.) Cumulative Production Volume: Reporting the total volume of produced fluids throughout the length of the treatment provides an indication of the cost effectiveness of the treatment in terms of cost of DURACAPS® SI /barrel of produced oil.

d.) Coupons/Spools: Strategically placed scale coupons or spools in the system at the well head or along the flow line can identify the presence of scale in the produced fluids.



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Section IX: Shipping and Handling For the complete shipping and handling details kindly consult the MSDS of PC Duracaps ® SI (Scale Inhibitor).

“We have a lot of innovative products which make us one of

the market leaders in Chemical Treatments”

For additional information, please contact us at;

Production Chemical Group Forwarding address

England- London Office Admin Services; PO Box 618, Staines upon Thames, TW18 9GA

Telephone: +44 207 118 3477 Fax: +44 207 118 3478 Mobile: +44 973 730065

E [email protected] Web Site www.productionchemical.com

pc duracaps(r) si - scale inhibitor brochure 2016

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