pbnc- 1 overview of us nuclear energy initiatives 7671-9/06- 1 harold mcfarlane president american...
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Overview of US Nuclear Energy Initiatives
7671-9/06-1
Harold McFarlane
PresidentAmerican Nuclear Society
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unauthorizedinformal
informative
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Nuclear
New PlantConstruction R&D
Loan guarantees Risk assurance Production tax credit Price-Anderson Decommissioning funds
Next generation nuclear plant Nuclear hydrogen production Advanced fuel cycle initiative Nuclear engineering program Medical isotopes
Energy Policy Act of 2005
7639-8/06-3
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US Major Nuclear Initiatives
Nuclear Regulatory Commission New licensing process
Department of Energy Nuclear Power 2010 Next Generation Nuclear Plant (NGNP) Nuclear Hydrogen Generation-IV Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative (AFCI) Global Nuclear Energy Partnership (GNEP) Yucca Mountain Project
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Nuclear Power 2010
Current US Nuclear Electric Generation: 104 Reactors; 100 GWe; 20% of total
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1 Reactor Pressure Vessel 18 HPCF Pump2 Reactor Internal Pumps 19 RCIC Steam Turbine and Pump3 Fine Motion Control Rod Drives 20 Diesel Generator4 Main Steam Isolation Valves 21 Standby Gas Treatment Filter and Fans5 Safety / Relief Valves 22 Spent Fuel Storage Pool6 SRV Quenchers 23 Refueling Platform7 Lower Drywell Equipment Platform 24 Shield Blocks8 Horizontal Vents 25 Steam Dryer and Separator9 Suppression Pool Storage Pool10 Lower Drywell Flooder 26 Bridge Crane11 Reinforced Concrete Containment 27 Main Steam Lines
Vessel 28 Feedwater Lines12 Lower Drywell Equipment Hatch 29 Main Control Room13 Wetwell Personnel Lock 30 Turbine-Generator14 Hydraulic Control Units 31 Moisture Separator Reheater15 Control Rod Drive Hydraulic 32 Combustion Turbine-Generator
System Pumps 33 Air Compressor and Dryers16 RHR Heat Exchanger 34 Switchyard17 RHR Pump
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Nuclear Power 2010 Initiative
Federal/private cost sharing
Early site permitting
Combined construction/operating license (COL)
COL application expected 2007-2008
Construction expected to begin in 2010 following NRC issuance of COL
2006 budget appropriation: $65.3 million
2007 budget request: $54.0 million
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Next Generation Nuclear Plant (NGNP)
Very high temperature reactor
Electricity and/or industrial heat applications
New $8 million contract with industry
National laboratories working on technology gaps
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Nuclear Hydrogen Initiative
Part of a larger hydrogen program
Investigating 2 high temperature approaches Thermo-chemical water cracking Steam electrolysis
Budget 2006 appropriation: $24.8M 2007 request: $18.7M
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Generation-IV
Generation-IV International Forum (GIF) coordinates international research cooperation on advanced nuclear reactors Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Euratom, France, Japan,
South Africa, South Korea, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States
China and Russia to join this year
US emphasis has been on the Very High Temperature Reactor (VHTR) and fast reactors
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Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative
Advanced aqueous separations
Advanced pyroprocess methods
Advanced fuels for transmutation
Focus on improving repository performance
Implement advanced safeguards in process and facility design
Budget: 2006 Appropriation: $79.2 million 2007 Request: $243.0 million
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High Level Waste Repository Program
Spent Fuel Inventory - No Growth Scenario
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Once-Thru
Once-Thru & Reproc.
Single MOX
Transmuter Recycle
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Yucca Mountain Repository
License submittal 2008
Opening ~ 2017
DOE paying some utilities for fuel storage
“Adaptive Staging” recommended by National Research Council in 2003
Pending legislation
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Senator Domenici’s Yucca Mountain Bill
Authorizes DOE to withdraw 147,000 acres of federally owned property
Replaces arbitrary 70,000 ton capacity with scientifically based capacity
Authorizes infrastructure construction after EIS
Gives DOE authority to accept and store SNF Starts with defense waste and fuel After construction permit, legacy civilian fuel
Withdraws land for rail line
Changes “standard contract” to 25 years after start of operation of new nuclear plants
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Domenici’s bill, continued
Takes Waste Fund off budget
Requires NRC to accept legislation as satisfying waste confidence for new plant construction
Basically the bill would integrate DOE’s programs High level waste program Advanced nuclear energy program Incorporate some recommendations from the National
Research Council’s staging report
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Global Nuclear Energy Partnership (GNEP)
The US blueprint for nuclear sustainability
Source: www.gnep.energy.gov
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Safeguards
Incorporate into design of new facilities
Remote, automated intelligent systems
Materials tracking and process control
Remote sensing, environmental sampling and forensic verification
International tests and demonstrations
Continued support for global best practices in security and materials accounting
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Limit sensitive technologies Enrichment Reprocessing
Must integrate into existing commercial uranium market
17.4 tons HEU pledged by US
$50 million pledged by NTI/Warren Buffet
Excellent forum during IAEA General Conference http://www.iaea.org/About/Policy/GC/GC50/SideEvent/
report220906.pdf
Reliable fuel services
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Appropriately sized reactors
50-350 MWe sized for grid
Long fuel life; infrequent reloading
Passive safety systems
Electricity, district heating, potable water
IAEA safeguards
Physical protection from terrorism
R&D needed
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Proliferation resistant recycle
UREX+ and Pyroprocessing
Remote fuel fabrication
Integrated safeguards
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1Fraction Pu & Am
in WasteFraction Cs & Srin Waste
Limited by 200 C Drift Wall Temp. at Emplacement
Limited by 96 CMid-Drift Temp. ~1600 yrs
Limited by 200 C Drift Wall Temp. at Closure
AssumptionsBurnup: 50 GWd/MT Separation: 25 yearsEmplacement: 25 yearsClosure: 100 years
Minimized nuclear waste
Employ advanced recycle
Custom waste forms
Manage heat load
Manage radiotoxicity
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Advanced Burner Reactor
Sodium cooled
Fast neutron spectrum
Transmutation
Naturally safe
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GNEP Technology Demonstrations
Advanced Burner Reactor
Advanced Fuel Cycle Facility
Advanced modeling and simulation
and industrial application
Consolidated fuel treatment center
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DO
E In
vest
men
t ($
in M
illio
ns)
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Nu
mb
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UndergraduateStudent
Enrollment
Trends in nuclear engineering enrollment
HBCU/HSIStudent
Enrollment70
1,831
DOEInvestment
US DOE August 2006
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US Nuclear InitiativesAimed at nuclear expansion
7671-9/06-25
American Nuclear Society