What should be your

preparation to an ideal

Christmas Party?

What do we know?

What do weneed to know?

What should we do?

A CLINICAL EXPERT OR DOCTOR

Mary Smith, a 28-year-old officeworker and part-time swimminginstructor, comes to see her doctorbecause of pain in her chest andshortness of breath. This hasbeen a recurring problem in recentmonths and seems to be graduallyworse. On the previous evening,while participating in a swimminggala, she became so short of breaththat she found it difficult to walk.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Further discussion with her doctor reveals thatMs. Smith’s chest pain and shortness of breathcome on following exercise, particularly in acold environment. When she becomesparticularly short of breath, she starts towheeze. She sometimes has a dry cough and hasnever had Haemoptysis. There is no recenthistory of physical trauma and no personal orfamily history of heart disease. She had eczemain childhood but has never had asthma. She hassmoked for the past 5 years and increased hersmoking to 40 cigarettes a day since she brokeup with her intimate friend 3 months ago. Shetakes an oral contraceptive pill but no othermedication.

What do we know?

What do weneed to know?

What should we do?

An approach to learningfocusing on the process ofsolving a problem and acquiringa knowledge.

Definition of PBL

Definition of PBL

An instructionalapproach which uses carefully constructedproblems as a context for students to:define their learning needs, conduct self-directed enquiry, integrate theory andpractice, and apply knowledge and skills todevelop a solution to a defined problem.

History of PBL

The PBL format originated from the of thought.

It was developed at in

in the

By and his colleagues.

Research in

PBLResearch has shown that graduates ofPBL based courses are far more

over 5to 10 years following graduation (P.Jolliffe, University of British Columbia,in paper at ISHH Hort EducationSymposium, Perth 2004).

Research in

PBLEntire medical degrees have been taught

this way in the USA, and students from thisand traditional systems given the sameexams. Research has shown similar successrates in exams, but 10 years later, the PBL

(P.Jolliffe, University of British Columbia, inpaper at ISHH Hort Education Symposium,Perth 2004).

Relies on Problems (Well defined Cases) to drive curriculum.

Characteristics of PBL

PBL relies on real life problems, where students act as professionals.

PBL problems are not precise –they are not intended to generate neat answers. In their struggle to find the answer, the students will gain essential problem solving and critical thinking skills.

Characteristics of PBL

Teaching staff are facilitators or coaches,and must resist providing solutions(Students solve the problems).

There are no single correct or incorrectsolutions (Problems must be designed sothat different appropriate answers mightapply) –there is never meant to be just onesolution.

"What is going on here? What do we need to know more about?What did we do during the problem

that was effective?" Over a period of time, students

become self-directed learners, teachers then fade (Stepien and Gallagher, 1993).

Students are provided with guidance butnot answers –they should be given guidancein techniques that might be used forproblem solving.

Characteristics of PBL

Assessment should be based uponperformance not upon giving correctanswers.

2. List what is known.

1. Present the problem statement.

3. Develop a problem statement.

4. List what is needed.5. List possible actions,

recommendations, solutions, or hypotheses.

6. Present and support the solution.

Steps in PBL

“Mathematics teachers must teach students not only to solve problems but

also to learn about mathematics through

problem solving”. -MacMath, S.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problem-based_learning

http://online.sfsu.edu/rpurser/revised/pages/problem.htm

http://www.studygs.net/pbl.htm

http://bie.org/about/what_pbl

http://eduscapes.com/tap/topic43.htm

https://www.google.com.ph/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=4&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CCwQFjAD&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pitt.edu%2F~super7%2F32011-33001%2F32941.ppt&ei=FJrtVN6nIYO8mQXvzYKYCg&usg=AFQjCNFicDLMZCHt3Ae5-xggl6QQRuPhNQ&bvm=bv.86956481,d.dGY

References

THANK YOU !!!

Prepared by:

Riosa, Roland P.

Tolentino, Shara Alyssa A.

III-24 BSE Mathematics