pbd ljsf; /0fgllts of]hgf sflndf6luffpkflnsf, ;nofg …...8 $=% cfufdl % aif{sf] p2]zo (objective)m...

1

pBd ljsf; /0fgLlts of]hgf

sflndf6LufFpkflnsf, ;Nofg

@)&%÷)&^ b]lv @)&(÷)*) ;Dd

sflndf6LufFpkflnsfsf] sfof{no

;Nofg

@)&$

2

gS;fx?

;Nofg lhNnfsf] gS;f

3

ufFpkflnsfsf] gS;f

4

n3' pBd ljsf;sf]% jif]{ /0fgLlts of]hgfsf] ;+lIfKt emns

c~rn /fKtL

lhNnf ;Nofg

sfo{qmd cjlw % jif{ -@)&%÷)&^–@)&(÷)*)_

sfof{Gjog ug]{ d'Vo lgsfo sflndf6LufFpkflnsf sfof{no ;Nofg

pBd lsf; sfof{Gjogdf ;+nUg x'g]

lgsfox?

Sflndf6LufFpkflnsf;Nofg

pBf]u ljsfvf zfvf

lhNnf s[lif, kz', jg / dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf sfof{no

sfo{/t u}/;/sf/L ;+3;F:yfx?

;f=a= p= ;d"x, ;xsf/Lx?

k|fljlws tyf cfly{s ;xof]u ul/aL lgjf/0fsf nfuL n3' pBd ljsf; sfo{qmd -d]8kf_

sfo{qmdn] ;d]6\g] If]qx? =sflndf6LufFpkflnsfsf &a6f j8fx?sf ;a} a:tLx?

ljQLo;|f]t cfjZos hDdf ah]6 ?= ljlQo;|f]t

ah]6 k|fKt x'g] ;|f]t tyf lzif{sx? M

Sflndf6L ufFpkflnsfaf6 / #,^^,#),)))

s[lif, Jfg, Kfz';]jf lzif{s af6 vr{ x'g] @,##,!$,)))

pBf]u ljsf; zfvf af6 )

:yfgLo txdf sfo{/t ;+3 ;+:yf af6 vr{ x'g ;Sg] -kf; g]kfn

@% nfv, kxn !) nfv_ / kf8{ g]kfn &^ nfv

!,!!,)),)))

ck'u /sd h'6fpg elaiodf laleGg kIf ;+u kxn ug'{kg]{

hDdf &,!),$$,)))

% aif{df ;[hgf x'Fg] pBdLsf] ;+Vof @&^%

% aif{df ;[hgf x'Fg] /f]huf/Lsf]

;+Vof

$!$%

kl/sNkgf æ:yflgo >f]t ;fwg / ;Lkaf6 pBd / /f]huf/Ldf a[l4, sflndf6L

ufFpkflnsfsf] hgtfsf] ;d[l4Æ .

nIo Ps ufFp Ps pTkfbg, Ps j8f ! pBf]u nIf lnPsf] o; sflndf6LufFpkflnsfsf]

n3'pBd lasf; of]hgfsf] d"n nIo eg]sf] ufFpkflnsf If]qdf 5l/P/ /x]sf>f]t tyf

;Lkdf cfwfl/t n3' tyf 3/]n' pBdx?sf] ljsf; u/L $!$% hgf nlIft ;d"xsf

kl/jf/sf] cfo:t/df ;'wf/ NofO{ hLjg:t/df ;'wf/ Nofpg] tyf sltko n3'

pBdx?sf] ;fgf pBf]udf :t/f]GgtL ug]{ xf]M

nIfsf ;"rsx?M

of]hgfsf] cGTo ;Dddf gofF pBd :yfkgf ug]{ pBdLdWb] &) k|lt;t

pBdLsf] cfodf slDtdf klg ^) k|lt;tn] a[l4 ePsf] x'g]5 .

n3' pBddf /f]huf/L kfpFg] dWb] slDtdf klg ^% k|lt;tsf] cfodf

^) k|lt;tn] a[l4 ePsf] x'Fg] 5 .

:t/f]GgtLsf] ;]jf kfPsf dWb] slDtdf klg @% k|lt;t n3' pBdx?

;fgf pBddf kl/0ft ePsf x'Fg] 5g .

p2]Zo nlIft au{sf] hgtfsf] ;d[l4sf nfuL sflndf6L ufpFkflnsfdf 5l/P/

/x]sf k/Dk/fut ;Lk, lzNkLx? tyf ;|f]t ;fwgsf] klxrfg ul/ n3'

3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]usf] :yfkgf tyf :t/f]Gglt ul/ yk /f]huf/Lsf]

5

>[hgf u/L ljkGg au{sf ;d'bfosf dflg;sf] hLjg:t/df ;'wf/ ePsf]

x'g]5 .

d'Vo sfo{qmdx?

! ;|f]t ;DefJotf cWoog tyf nlIft ;d"x klxrfg

@ pBdzLntf ljsf;sf nflu ;fdflhs kl/rfng

# pBdzLntf ljsf; tfnLd

$ k|fljlws l;k ljsf; tyf k'/fgf pBdsf] :t/f]GgtL ug]{ .

% laQLo ;]jfdf pBdLx? tyf cGo d"No >[Înfsf cGo kfqx?sf] kx'r a[l4

^ pko'Qm k|ljlw ;DaGwg lj:tf/

& d"No >[Înfsf] ljsf; tyf ahf/ ;+usf] ;DaGw ljsf; / Joj:yfkg,

* Joj;flos k/fdz{ ;]jf

( dfgj>f]t Joj:yfkg tyf ;+:yfut ljsf;

!) k|lalwsf] ljsf; tyf k|ljlw kl/at{g

!! n3' pBdLx?sf] nfuL 3'lDt sf]]ifsf] ?kdf pBd ljsf; sf]ifsf] Aoj:yf

6

s[t1tf 1fkg

of] n3' pBd ljsf;sf] % aif]{ /0fgLlts of]hgf th'{dfdf w]/} AoQmL tyf ;+:yfsf]

;xof]u gePsf] eP ;kmn x'Fg] lyPg . t;y{ ;a{ k|yd of] of]hgf th'{dfsf] ;xlhs/0f

ug]{ cj;/ xfdL / xfd|f] l6dnfO{ k|bfg ug'{ ePsf]df sflndf6LufFpkflnsfsf ufFp

k|d]v>L bfg a= vqLHo" / n3' pBd ljsf; sfo{s|d, If]qLo sfo{s|d ;xof]u sfof{no

bfªsf k|d'v >L led axfb'/ lai6nfO{ laz]if wGojfb lbg rfxfG5f} . To;}u/L of]hgf

th'{dfsf] r':t Aoj:yfkg ul/lbg' ePsf]df sflndf6LufFpkflnsfsf k|d'v k|zf;lso

clws[t Ho"nfO{ klg xflb{s wGojfb lbg rfxfG5f}.

of] of]hgf th'{dfdf k'/f ;do pkl;yt e} cfkm\gf] cd"No of]ubfg lbg'x'Fg] ;a} hg

lgaf{lrt k|ltlglw Ho"x? nufot ;DalGwt laifout lgsfosf sd{rf/Lx? tyf cGo

lalaw ;d"xsf] k|ltlglwTj ug'{ x'Fg] dxfg'efjx? / a9f] d]xgtsf ;fy

sflndf6LufFpkflnsfsf txsf lalaw ;"rgfx? pknAw u/fO{ of]hgf th'{dfnfO{ ;xh

agfO{ lbg'x'Fg] ;/f]sf/ jfnfx?nfO{ ;d]t wGojfb lbg rfxfG5f} .

u|fdL0f o'jf ;/f]sf/ s]Gb|

a;'Gw/f, sf7df08f}

Mail: [email protected]

7

laifo ;"lr

gS;fx? ............................................................................................................................................................. 2

n3' pBd ljsf;sf] % jif]{ /0fgLlts of]hgfsf] ;+lIfKt emns ............................................................................................ 4

s[t1tf 1fkg ...................................................................................................................................................... 6

laifo ;"lr .......................................................................................................................................................... 7

zAb ;ª\If] .......................................................................................................................................................... 9

v08 – !M kl/ro ................................................................................................................................................ 10

!=! sflndf6L ufFpkflnsfsf];+lIfKt txsf] kl/ro ................................................................................................. 10

!=@ pBd ljsf; /0fgLlts of]hgfsf] cf}lrTo ................................................................................................... 11

!=# ufFp pBd ljsf; /0fgLlts of]hgfsf] p2]Zo M ............................................................................................... 12

!=$ pBd ljsf;sf] /0fgLlts of]hgf th{'df k|s[of .............................................................................................. 13

!=% pBd ljsf; /0fgLlts of]hgf l/kf]6{sf] ;+/rgf ............................................................................................. 14

!=^ /0fgLlts of]hgf th{'dfsf ;Ldfx?M ............................................................................................................ 14

pBdx?sf] Plss[t /]s8{ kflnsfdf gePsf] x‘Fbf / d]8]kaf6 pknAw ePsf] pknAwLx?sf] dfq /]s8{ kfO{Psfn] cGo lgsfox?n]

pBd ljsf; ;DalGw u/]sf pknlAwx?sf] oyfy{ 8f6f kfpg h6Ln ePsf] . .......................................................................... 15

v08 – @M j:t'ut ljj/0f ...................................................................................................................................... 15

@=! sflndf6L ufFpkflnsfsf] ef}uf]lns cj:yf .................................................................................................... 15

@=@ hg;+Vof / ;fdflhs kl/j]z M .................................................................................................................. 15

@=# ef}lts k"jf{wf/ ..................................................................................................................................... 16

@=$ e"–pkof]u .......................................................................................................................................... 17

@=% sflndf6L ufFpkflnsfsf] cfly{s ultljlw ..................................................................................................... 17

@=^ /f]huf/Lsf] cj:yf ................................................................................................................................. 18

@=& pBd ljsf; ;DaGwL ;]jf k|bfosx? .......................................................................................................... 19

@=* pBd ljsf;sf nfuLljutsf k|of; / pknAwLx? -jt{dfg cj:yfsf] ljZn]if0f_ ....................................................... 20

v08 #M >f]t ;fwg tyf ahf/ ;e]{If0f ............................................................................................................. 21

#=! ahf/sf] cj:yf M .................................................................................................................................. 21

#=@ ahfl/s/0fsf r'gf}tLx?M .......................................................................................................................... 26

#=# >f]t ;fwgsf] ;+efjgf / ;+efAo pBd cfFsng .............................................................................................. 26

#=$ pBd ljsf;sf r'gf}tL tyf ;dZof laZn]if0fM ............................................................................................... 49

v08 – $ cfufdL % aif{sf] /0fgLlts of]hgf ............................................................................................................... 53

$=! k[i7e"ld ............................................................................................................................................. 53

$=@ pBd ljsf; ;DaGwL d'Vo l;4fGt tyf cjwf/0ff M(Key Principles and Approaches): ........................ 54

$=# cfufdL % aif{sf] sf] kl/sNkgf (Vision)M.................................................................................................. 61

$=$ cfufdL % aif{sf] nIo (Goal)M ....................................................................................................................... 62

8

$=% cfufdL % aif{sf] p2]Zo (Objective)M ............................................................................................................. 62

$=^ cfufdL %aif{df lgsfNg} kg]{ gtLhfx?sf] la:t[t of]hgfM ............................................................................................ 63

$=^=! pBd / /f]huf/L >[hgf tyf nuflg / sf/f]af/ a[l4 of]hgf M ....................................................................... 63

$=^=@ ;Lk lasf; tfnLd of]hgfM ........................................................................................................................... 79

$=^=# n3', 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]usf] :t/ pGglt of]hgfM ................................................................................................ 79

$=^=$ ljQLo ;]jfdf pBdLx? tyf cGo d"No >[Înfsf cGo kfqx?sf] kx'r a[l4 kx'Fr a[l4 of]hgfM ............................................. 80

$=^=% d"No >[Înfsf] ljsf; tyf ahf/ ;+usf] ;DaGw ljsf; / Joj:yfkg .......................................................................... 81

$=^=^ k|lalwsf] ljsf; tyf k|ljlw kl/at{g of]hgfM ....................................................................................................... 82

$=& k|d'v sfo{qmdx?sf] kl/df0ffTds kl/nIo / ah]6 .......................................................................................... 83

$=* cfoAoo laa/0f ........................................................................................................................................... 91

$=( Tfs{aå of]hgf( Logical Framework) ............................................................................................................ 94

$=!) hgzlQm ........................................................................................................................................ 100

v08 – % sfo{qmd Aoj:yfkg, cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg .................................................................................................. 101

%=! sfo{qmd Joj:yfkg tyf sfof{Gjogsf ;+/rgfx?M ......................................................................................... 101

%=@ cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg ......................................................................................................................... 104

%=# lhDd]jf/L tflnsf ............................................................................................................................... 104

v08 ^ cg';"rLx? ............................................................................................................................................. 106

^=! n3'pBdL ;[hgf / ljsf; ug]{ s|lds k|ls|of ............................................................................................... 106

^%=@ n3' pBd ljsf; tyf k|j4{gsf nflu ;/sf/sf tkm{af6 ePsf gLltut Joj:yfx? M ............................................. 107

^=# ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|Lx? M ............................................................................................................................. 107

^=# uf]i7Lsf ;xefuLx?sf] gfdM ................................................................................................................... 107

=$ uf]i7Lsf s]lx emnsx? .......................................................................................................................... 108

9

zAb ;ª\If]k

lh=;=;M lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt

uf=kf÷g=kfM ufFp kflnsf÷ufFpkflnsf

MEDEP:-d]8]k_ Micro Enterprise Development Programme p=lj=zfM pBf]u ljsf; zfvf

Pd=O{ 8L Pkm= n3' pBd ljsf; sf]if

;f=a=p= dxf;+3M ;fd"bfoLs jg pkef]Qmf dxf;+3

d]=6gM d]l6«s 6g

O=l8=PkmM Enterprise Development Facilitator

d]8\kfM Micro Enterprise DeveoLpment for Poverty Allevation

SIYB: Start and Improve Your Business

MECD: Micro Enterprise Creation and Development

d]ufM Micro Entreprenuer’s Association

l8d]ufM District Micro Enterprenuer’s Group Association

SWOT: Strengthness Weakness Opportunity and Threats

EDC: Enterprise Development Committee

u}=;=;M u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf

10

v08 – !M kl/ro

!=!sflndf6LufFpkflnsfsf];+lIfKt txsf] kl/ro

g]kfnsf] ;+lawfg @)&@ cg';f/ /fHosf] k'g/ ;+rgf x'Fbf & k|b]z / &%# :yfgLo lgsfodf laefhg

eP cg';f/ sflndf6LufFp kflnsf ^ g+ k|b]zdf kb{5 .

sflndf6LufFp kflnsf g]kfnsf] ;+lawfg @)&@ cg';f/ /fHosf] k'g/;+rgfdf& j6f jf8{ laefhg

;lxt u7g ePsf] ufFp kflnsf xf] . o; ufFp kflnsfsf] s'n If]qkmn %))=&@ au{ ls=ld= 5 eg]

$#$#3/w'/Ldf s"n hg;+Vof @#))% 5 .

o; sflndf6LufFpkflnsfsf afl;Gbfsf] d"n cfo >f]t s[lif xf] / /f]huf/Lsf] d"n >f]t s[lif,

bf]>f]df/]ld6]G;, t]>f]df Jofkf/ Joj;fo, rf}yf]df Hofnf dhb'/L / kfFrf}+df gf]s/L tyf 5}6f}+df :yflgo

;Lkdf cfwfl/t xf] .

:yfgLo :t/df laleGg k|sf/sf 5l/P/ /x]sf] >f]t ;fwg, k"FhL / ;Lk eP/klg ;f]sf] pkof]u x'g

g;Sbf sflndf6LufFpkflnsfdf u/LjLsf] k|ltzt pRr 5 . o'jfx?sf] 7"nf] hdft /f]huf/Lsf] nflu

vf8L tyf cGo d'n'sx?df uP/ sfd ul//x] klg pgLx?af6 lelqPsf] lak]|if0fsf] clwsf+z /sd

b}lgs pkef]udf vr{ x'g] u/]sfn] :jb]zd} bL3{sfnLg /f]huf/Lsf] >[hgf ug{ ;lsg] :yfgLo ;Lk /

sRrfkbfy{df cfwf/Lt n3' pBdsf] ljsf; u/L o'jf hgzlQmnfO{ /f]huf/L k|bfg nufot s[lifdf

b]lvPsf] hgzlQmsf] vfFrf]n] kf/]sf] gsf/fTds k|efanfO{ klg Go"lgs/0fug{ n3' pBdsf] ljsf;sf]

cfjZostf kg{ uPsf] 5 .

o; sflndf6LufFp kflnsfdf klg ;fdflhs / ;fF:s[lts lje]bx? k|z:t ePsf x'Fbf ljsf;sf y'k|}

r'gf}ltx? 5g\ . To;}n] o; ufpF÷ufFp kflnsfdf ul/g] ljsf;sf k|of;nfO{ n3' pBdsf] ljsf;sf]

dfWodaf6 cem ;dfj]zL jgfpg] vfFrf] 68\sf/f] 5 .

o; ufFp kflnsfsf $%k|ltzt hgtf s[lifdf cfwfl/t ePtfklg k|lt kl/jf/ ;/b/ Psbd sd

hdLg /x]sf] x'Fbf lgjf{xd'lv s[lif k|0ffnLaf6 u/Lj tyf ljkGg au{sf] lhljsf]kfh{gdf yk r'gf}lt jGb}

uPsf] 5 . t;y{ o:tf s[ifsx?nfO{ Joj;flos s[ifssf] ?kdf ?kfGtl/t ug{' clgafo{ e};s]sf] 5 .

To;}u/L jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t k/Dk/fut ;Lk / k|ljlwnfO{ clwstd pkof]usf] jftfa/0f tof/

u/L o; If]qsf] lhljsf]kfh{gnfO{ n3' pBdsf] dfWodaf6 yk ;xh jgfpg' kg]{ vfFrf] 5 .

o; ufFp kflnsfdf sf k|fo ;j} j8fdf ;+rf/, / slRr df]6/af6f] k'uL;s]sf] 5 . slRr af6f] eP

klg avf{ ofddf ;a} 7fFpdf b}lgs a; ;]jf ;Grfng x'b}g . k|ltztsf] lx;fjn] x]bf{ ufFpkflnsf

el/df (% k|ltztsf] 3/n] ;xh ?kdf k|of]u ug]{ u/]/ af6f] ;'ljwf k'u]sf] 5 . ;fy} of]

ufpkflnsfdf ljh'nLsf] ;'ljwf k'u]sf]]]]] 5}g . oftfoftsf ;fwgx? ;+rfng ePsf / ahf/ s]Gb|

;Ddsf] ;'ljwfdf @ 306f eGbf sd k}bn ofqf tyf $)—$% ldg]6 hlt slRr ufl8af6f]sf] ofqfn]

g} pBldsf] pTkfbgnfO{ cfGtl/s tyf afx\o ahf/ ;+hfndf cfa4 ug{ ;xh x'b} uPsf] 5 .

lautsf ufpFF tyf ufFp ljsf; of]hgfsf] l:ylt lgDg cg';f/ /x]sf] kfOG5 .

cfly{s ljsf;sf of]hgf eGbf ef}lts k"jf{wf/df a9L hf]8 lbOPsf] 5 .

u/La tyf clt u/Lax? ;+ul7t e} cfkm\gf dfux?df kx'Fr k'¥ofpg ;s]sf 5}gg\ .

11

ufpF÷ufFp kflnsfdf cfpg] >f]tnfO{ k|fyldsLs/0f u/L PsLs[t Joj:yfkg ug{ ;lsPsf]

5}g .

ufpF÷ufFp kflnsfsf] >f]tsf] pkof]u u/L pBd ljsf;sf of]hgfx? aGg ;s]sf 5}gg\ .

6f]n÷j:tL:t/sf ;d'bfox? ;fdflhs kl/rfngsf dfWodaf6 ;zQmLs/0f e} ljsf;sf] sfddf cu|;/ ePsf t/ pBd ljsf;sf] 1fgdf sldsf] ;fy} 1fg pkof]usf] pko'Qm

jftfj/0f jGg g;s]sf] cj:yf /x]sf] 5 .

dflysf ;fGble{s tYo tyf cjwf/0ff adf]lhd ufpF÷ufFp kflnsfsf] cu'jfO{df n3' pBd ljsf;sf]

df]8nsf] ;kmntfnfO{ Psfsf/ ub}}{ pBd ljsf; If]qsf] /0fgLlts of]hgf th{'df ug{ af~5gLo ePsf]

x'Fbf of] % jif]{ pBd ljsf; of]hgf -@)&%÷)&^ –@)&(÷)*)_ tof/ ul/Psf] xf] .

!=@ pBd ljsf; /0fgLlts of]hgfsf] cf}lrTo

g]kfnsf] ;+lawfg @)&@ sfof{Gjogsf lzlzndf k|fo ;a} tKsfsf hgk|ltlglwx?n] casf] af6f]

hgtfsf] ;lDa[l4sf] kf6f] elg hg;dIf afrf u/]sf 5g / &%# j6} :yfgLo lgsfox?sf] u7g

e};s]sf] 5 . :yfgLo lgsfonfO{ ;+lawfgn] k|bfg u/]sf laleGg @@ clwsf/dWb] -cg';"lr *_

clwsf/ g+ @,!),!%/ !* n] hgtfsf] ;Da[l4nfO{ al9 hf]8 lbPsf] 5 . s[lif, jg, kz' ;]jf, 3/]n'

h:tf lgsfox? :yfgLo lgsfosf] dftxtdf /flvPsfn] hgtfsf] ;Da[l4df of]ubgsf ;]jfx?nfO{

hgtfs} 3/b}nf] glhs NofPsf]n] klg ;+lawfgn] hftfsf] ;Da[l4nfO{ laz]if hf]8 lbPsf] kfO{G5 .

:yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g @)%%, cf}Bf]uLs gLlt @)^& cg';f/ cf–cfkm\g} tl/sfn] 5'§f 5'§} 9+un]

sfo{ ;+rfng ubf{ :yfgLo :t/df pknAw >f]t ;fwgn] lbg'kg]{ hlt gtLhf lbg g;ls/x]sf] cj:yf

ePsf] x'Fbf lhNnf pBd ljsf; sfo{qmd sfo{ljlw tyf n3' pBd ljsf; sf]if ;+rfng lgb]{lzsf

@)^$ tyf ufFp÷gu/ n3' pBd ljsf; of]hgf th'{df tyf sfof{Gjog lgb]{lzsf @)^^ tyf gofF

d:of}bf ePsf] lgb]{lzsf @)&$ cg';f/ >f]t ;DefJotfcWoog, ;fdflhs kl/rfng, pBdlzntfsf]

ljsf;, k|fljlws ;Lk, n3' shf{dfkxF'+r, ahf/Ls/0f, pko'Qmk|ljlw, j:t' ljljwLs/0f, u'0f:t/

lgoGq0f Pj+ cfjZos Jofj;flos k/fdz{h:tf If]qx? ;d]l6Psf] PsLs[t n3' pBd ljsf;sf] df]8]n

-d]8 df]8]n_ nfO{ cjnDag u/L :ygL ljsf;sf] cfjlws of]hgf / g]kfn ;/sf/ pBf]u dGqfnosf]

ul/lj lgjf/0fsf nflu n3' pBd ljsf; sfo{qmdsf] lgb]{lzsf @)&) / % jif]{ bf>f] /0flglts

of]hgf, -@)&%÷)&^–@)&&(÷)*)_ df Psfsf/ u/fpg' o; ufpF pBd ljsf; -/0fgLlts_

of]hgfsf] 7"nf] cf}lrTo 5 .

n3' pBd ljsf; sfo{qmdsf lgDg laz]iftfx?n] ubf{ Pp6f ;kmn sfo{qmdsf] ?kdf dflgPsfn]

o;sf] /0fgLlts of]hgf th'{dfsf] cf}lrTo nfO{ yk ;fljt ub{5M

dlxnf, blnt, cflbjf;L hghftL, sd cfoePsf a]/f]huf/ o'jfx? / cGo kl5 k/]sf ;d'bfox?sf] ul/a kl/jf/x?nfO{ nlIft u/]sf] 5 .

nlIft ju{sf] pBdzLntf ljsf;åf/f n3' pBdL ;[hgf ub{5 . pBdLsf] Ifdtf clej[l4 eP

kZrft pBdLn] h'g ;'s} If]qdf ;Dej pBd ljsf; ub{5 .

nlIft ju{x? ul/jLsf] /]vfd'lg ePsfn] pgLx?nfO{ pBdL jgfpg cfjZos ;]jfx? PsLs[t ?kdf k|bfg ub{5 . h:t}M

12

– ;fdflhs kl/rfng

– pBdzLntf ljsf;

– a:t' ahf/Ls/0fsf] nflu ;+hfn lgdf{0f

– k|fljlws l;k ljsf;

– pko'Qm k|ljlw ljsf; tyf x:tfGt/0f

– n3'–ljQ ;]jfdf kx‘F'r

– Joj;fo k/fdz{

nlIft ju{nfO{ tflnd dfq lbb}g, cGTodf pBdL g} jgfpF5 .

;dfj]zL l;4fGt ckgfpF5 .

;d'bfo÷j:tLx?df pBdzLntf ;+:sf/sf] ljsf; ub{5 .

:yfgLo :t/df pknJw t/ v]/ u}/x]sf >f]t / ;fwfgsf] ;b'kof]u ub}{ n3' pBdLsf] k|a4{g

ub{5 .

:yfgLo :t/df pknAw t/ nf]k x'Fb} u}/x]sf] zLk 1fg / k|ljlwnfO{ k|a4{g, kl/dfh{g / ;'wf/

u/L n3' pBd ;[hgf ub{5 .

ufpFF÷gu/ pBd ljsf; of]hgfsf] cf}lrTo nfO{{ lgDg cg';f/ yk k|i6 kfg{ ;lsG5 M

Uf|fdL0f es]df pknJw >f]t / ;fwgnfO{ pBddf kl/jt{g u/L j:t' pTkfbg ug{ Ps lj:t[t of]hgfsf] 5'6\6} cfjZostf kb{5 .

Uf|fdL0f u/LjL 36fpg n3' pBd, 3/]n'tyf ;fgf pBdx?sf]dfWodaf6 /f]huf/L >h[gf ug{ 7"nf] e"ldsf x'G5 . t;y,{ o;sf nflu lj:t[t of]hgfsf] cfjZostf /xG5 .

5l/P/ /x]sf >f]t ;fwgnfO{ clen]v agfO{ Jojl:yt?kdf :ynut pBd ljsf; of]hgf lgdf{0f

ug{ o;sf] cfjZostf /x]sf] 5 .

UffpF ljsf; of]hgfn] k"jf{wf/ tyf k/Dk/fut k"jf{wf/nfO{ a9L hf]8 lbPsf] cj:yfdf ufpF pBd ljsf; of]hgfn] n3' pBd k|a4{g, lj:tf/, k|zf]wg, e08f/0f tyf ahfl/s/0fsfnflu pko'Qm >f]t

/ ;fwgsf] kIfdf of]hgf agfpg], / kl/rfng ug{'kg ]{x'G5 .

ufpF tyf gu/kflnsfn] agfPsf] of]hgfleq pBd ljsf; ;fgf] c+z b]lvg] / bft[ ;:+yf, :yfgLo lgsfo / ;fem]bf/ ;+:yfx?af6 k|fKtx'g ;Sg] ;xof]usf nflu lj:t[t vfsf rflxg] xF'bf pBd

ljsf; of]hgfn] of] cfjZostfnfO{ kl"t{ ub{5 .

ufpF pBd ljsf; of]hgfn] bL3{sfnLg /0fgLlt agfO{ >ft] ;fwgsf] k|If]k0f ub{5 .

!=# ufFp pBd ljsf; /0fgLlts of]hgfsf] p2]Zo M

ufpF tyf gu/pBd ljsf; of]hgf th'{df sf] d"n pb]Zo eg]sf] ufpF tyf gu/kflnsfdf b]lvPsf]

n3' pBd k|a4{gsf ;d:ofnfO{{ /0fg}lts lx;fan] ;Daf]wg u/L nlIft ju{df vf; u/L ul/aLsf]

/]vfd'lg /x]sf hgtf hf] ;fdflhs ¿kn] alxis[t / cfly{s ¿kn] ;LdfGts[t ;d"xdf 5g, n3'

pBd ljsf;sf] dfWodaf6 /f]huf/Lsf] cj;/sf] l;h{gf / cfo:t/ j[l4 ug{ of] Plss[t /0fgLlt

tof/ ug'{ xf] . t;y{ :yfgLo txd} pknAw x'g] ;|f]t ;fwgsf] clwstd pkof]u u/L dfudf cfwfl/t

pTkfbg tyf ;]jfx¿sf] ljsf;åf/f ul/aL Go"lgs/0f ug{ Ps /0fgLltsf] cfjZostf kg{ uPsf]n]

:yfgLo ;Lk / ;|f]tsf] pkof]u ug{ ;lsg] ;Defjgfn] ;f/e"t cfly{s kl/jt{g ug{ ;lsg] / o'jf

13

/f]huf/ l;h{gf ug{ ;lsg] xF'bf pTkfbs hgzlQm ufpFF÷gu/kflnsfdf /xFbf gu/kflnsfsf] cGo

ljsf;df ;d]t 6]jf k'Ug] ePsfn] klg of] pBd ljsf; -/0fgLlts_ of]hgf tof/ ug'{ o;sf] pb]Zo

xf] . o; of]hgfsf yk p2]Zox? lgDg cg';f/ /x]sf 5g\M

!= :yflgo txsf ;a} ;]jf k|bfosx¿sf] ;dfg a'emfO{ / sfo{ult sfod ug{ .

@= cfjZos ;|f]t ;fwgsf] k"j{ cg'dfg u/L ;f] cg's"nsf] Joj:yf ldnfpg]{ .

#= n3', 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBdsf] yk ;Defjgfx¿sf] klxrfg ug]{ .

$= ;]jf k|bfosx¿aLr sfo{ut Pstf / ;dGjo sfod /fVg] .

%= ;a} ;]jf k|bfosx¿sf] n3' 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBd ljsf;;DaGwL k|lta4tf sfod ug{ .

^= of]hgf th{'df, gLlt lgdf{0f, ;dGjo, cg'udg tyf d"NofÍgh:tf sfo{x¿df ;/sf/L, u}/

;/sf/L tyf lghL If]qsf] ;+o'Qm tTk/tf a9fpg .

&= pBd ljsf;sf If]qdf nufgLdf bf]xf]/f]kgf x6fpg .

*= pBd ljsf;df>f]t ;fwgsf] kf/bzL{ kl/rfngsf nflu .

(= :yfgLo >f]t ;fwgsf] kl/rfngaf6 dfudf cfwfl/t al9 eGbf al9 Joj;fo ;~rfng u/L

ufpFsf] a]/f]huf/L Go"gLs/0f ug{ ;a} ;]jf k|bfossf] k|of;nfO{{ Psh'6 ug{ .

ul/aL lgjf/0fsf nfuL n3' pBd ljsf; sfo{qmd -d]8\kf_ sfof{Gjog / cGo ljifout sfof{no, bft[

lgsfo tyf ;fem]bf/ ;+:yfx?df klg o; df]8nnfO{ cfGtl/sLs/0f ug{ klg of] kfFr jif]{ pBd

ljsf; of]hgf tof/ ug{ cfjZos k/]sf] xf] h:t}M

Uf|fdL0f tyf zx/L e]udf pknJw >f]t / ;fwgnfO{ pBddf kl/jt{g u/L j:t' pTkfbg ug{

Ps lj:t[t of]hgfsf] 5'6\6} cfjZostf kb{5 .

Uf|fdL0f tyf zx/L u/LjL 36fpg n3' pBd, 3/]n'tyf ;fgf pBdx?sf]dfWodaf6 /f]huf/L >h[gf ug{ 7"nf] e"ldsf x'G5 . t;y{, o;sf nflu lj:t[t of]hgfsf] cfjZostf /xG5 .

5l/P/ /x]sf >f]t ;fwgnfO{ clen]v agfO{ Jojl:yt?kdf :ynut pBd ljsf; of]hgf

lgdf{0f ug{ o;sf] cfjZostf /x]sf] 5 .

ufpF tyf gu/ lasf; of]hgfn] k"jf{wf/ tyf k/Dk/fut k"jf{wf/nfO{ a9L hf]8 lbPsf]

cj:yfdf ufpF tyf gu/ pBd ljsf; of]hgfn] n3' pBd k|a4{g, lj:tf/, k|zf]wg, e08f/0f

tyf ahfl/s/0fsfnflu pko'Qm >f]t / ;fwgsf] kIfdf of]hgf agfpg], / kl/rfng

ug{'kg]{x'G5 .

ufpF tyf gu/kflnsfn] agfPsf] k/Dk/fut of]hgfleq pBd ljsf; ;fgf] c+z b]lvg] / bft[ ;:+yf, :yfgLo lgsfo / ;fem]bf/ ;+:yfx?af6 k|fKtx'g ;Sg] ;xof]usf nflu lj:t[t vfsf

rflxg] xF'bf pBd ljsf; of]hgfn] of] cfjZostfnfO{ kl"t{ ub{5 .

ufpF tyf gu/ pBd ljsf; of]hgfn] bL3{sfnLg /0fgLlt agfO{ >f]t ;fwgsf] k|If]k0f ub{5

!=$ pBd ljsf;sf] /0fgLlts of]hgf th{'df k|s[of

n3' pBdsf] /0fgLlts of]hgf th{'dfdf lgDg k|s[ofx? ckgfOPsf] lyof]M

14

s_ lj1 ;xhstf{sf] 5gf}6 M

u|fdL0f o'jf ;/f]sf/ s]Gb|nfO{ o; ljifosf] lj1 ;]jf k|bfg ug{ 5gf}6 u/L sflndf6LufFpkflnsf, n3' pBd

ljsf; sfo{qmd / u|fdL0f o'jf ;/f]sf/ s]Gblar ;Demf}tf ePsf] xf] .

v_of]hgf th{'df uf]i7L M

n3' pBd ;DalGw ;]jf k|bfos ;+:yfx? sflndf6LufFpkflnsfsf kbflwsf/L, ufFp sfo{kflnsf, n3' ljQ

;+:yfx?, ;DalGwt sfof{no k|ltgLlwx?, n3' pBldx? ;lxt $@ hgf ;xefuLsf] pkl:yltdf ldlt @)&$

d+l;/ @^ b]vL @& ut] ;Dd of]hgf th{'df uf]i7L ;DkGg eof] . ;f] uf]i7Ldf k/fdz{bftf sf] ;xhLs/0fdf

o; sflndf6LufFpkflnsf leqsf] n3'pBdsf jt{dfg cj:yf, pknJw sRrf kbfy{sf] cj:yf, jhf/ls/0fsf

r'gf}tL, n3'pBdsf ;d:of, r'gf}tL, cj lng'kg{] /0fgLlts of]hgf, kl/sNkgf, nIo, p2]Zo, lqmofsnfkx?,

gofF pBdLsf] l;h{gf, ;Lk ljsf; tflnd nufot ljifox?df Jofks 5nkmn u/L of]hgfsf] dfu{lrq tof/

ug{ :yfgLo JolQmx? tyf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?4f/f ;xeflutfd"ns?kdf cfkm\gf] of]hgf cfkm} jgfpg]

k|hftflGqs k4ltnfO{ cjnDjg ul/Psf] lyof] .

u_ of]hgf th{'df ;dGjo pk ;ldlt u7g M

o; p2]Zosf] nflu ufFpkflnsfsf jf8{ cWoIf>L a]n axfb'/ rGbsf] ;+of]hsTjdf # hgf /xg] ul/ of]hgf

th{'df k|ltj]bgsf] d:of}bfnfO{ k"0f{tf k|bfg ug{] ;d]t lhDd]jf/L lbg] u/L pQm pk ;ldlt u7g ul/of] .

3_ d:of}bf k|ltj]bg k|:t'tM

sflndf6LufFpkflnsfsfk|d'v k|zf;lso clws[t tyf sflndf6LufFpkflnsf k|d'v ;+usf] ;dGjo tyf pk

;ldlt af6 k|fKt ;'emfa tyf uf]i7Lsf ;xhstf{sf] k|ltj]bgsf] cfwf/df d:of}bfsf] k|ltj]bg tof/ u/L ldlt

kf}if ^ df k7fPsf] xf] .

ª d:of}bfsf] k|ltj]bg dfyLsf] 5nkmn / clGtd k|ltj]bg k|:t'tM

clwsfF; of]hgf th'{df uf]i7Lsf ;xefuLx? ePsf] ! lbg] sfo{zfnfdf ldlt kf}if & df d:of}bfsf] k|ltj]bg

dfyL 5nkmn e} cfPsf] ;'´fjnfO{ ;dfj]z u/L clGtd k|ltj]bg k|:t't ul/of] .

!=% pBd ljsf; /0fgLlts of]hgf l/kf]6{sf] ;+/rgf

o; of]hgf th{'df k|ltj]bgn] ^ j6f v08df u/L k|ltj]bgnfO{ d"t{?k lbPsf] 5 . h; cGtu{t v08 !

k[i7e"lddf 5f]6s/L kl/ro, ufpF pBd ljsf; /0fgLlts of]hgfsf] p2]Zo, cf}lrTo, k|s[of ;dfj]z ul/Psf]

5 eg] v08 @ cGtu{t sf] j:t'ut ljZn]if0f, v08 $df ahf/ tyf >f]t ;fwgsf] laZn]if 5 , v08 $

cGtu{t pBd ljsf; /0fgLlts of]hgfsf] lj:t[t ljj/0f / v08 % df cg'udg tyf d"NofÍgsf k|ls|of

jf/] k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 eg] v08 ^ df cg';'rLx? ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 .

!=^ /0fgLlts of]hgf th{'dfsf ;Ldfx?M

of]hgf th'{df cfkm}df hl6n sfo{ xf] . o;sf nflu uf=kf,g=kf tyf pk dxfgu/kflnsf txsf] cBfjlws k|f]kmfO{n rlxG5 t/ e/v/}dfq :yfgLo txsf] u7g ePsf] x'bf k|f]kmfO{n cBfjlws e}

g;Sbf uf]i7Lsf ;xeflux?af6 kfO{Psf] ;"rgf / cGo Secondary Information nfO{ cfwf/

dfg]/ ;"rgfx? ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 . t/ k|f]kmfO{n tof/ ePsfsf] xsdf To;}nfO{ cfwf/ dlgPsf] 5

.

pknAw ;Lldt >f]tsf sf/0f Afhf/, >f]t ;fwg / ;+efAo pBdx?sf] cfsng uf]i7Laf6} u/fO{Psf] 5 .

15

pBdx?sf] Plss[t /]s8{ kflnsfdf gePsf] x‘Fbf / d]8]kaf6 pknAw ePsf] pknAwLx?sf] dfq

/]s8{ kfO{Psfn] cGo lgsfox?n] pBd ljsf; ;DalGw u/]sf pknlAwx?sf] oyfy{ 8f6f kfpg

h6Ln ePsf] .

v08 – @M j:t'ut ljj/0f

@=! sflndf6LufFpkflnsfsf] ef}uf]lns cj:yf

of] sflndf6LufFpkflnsf ;flass} ufFpkflnsf xf] . o; ufFpkflnsfdf & j6f j8f 5g . o;

ufFpkflnsfsf] sf] s"n If]qkmn !(*=#$ au{ ls=dL /x]sf] 5 . ef}uf]lns lx;fjn] ufFpkflnsf k|fs[lts

?kdf ;'Gb/ dflgG5 . of] sflndf6LufFpkflnsfko{6lso lx;fan] sfnLdf6L eujtL dlGb/, s5'jf bx, lza

dlGb/, rd]/] u'kmf, sdnfIf eujtL, l;Dn] 5x/f, tfd] 5x/f, lqa]0fL :gfg :yn, b]p/fnL sf]6L dlGb/ cfbL

/x]sf 5g .of] ufFpkflnsf la= ;+ @)&$ df :yfkgf ePsf] xf] . of] @* l8u|L $% ldg]6 b]lv @* l8u|L @$

ldg]6 pQ/L cIffF; / b]zfGt/ *! l8u|L $% ldg]6 b]lv *@ l8u|L = ( ldg]6 ;Dd km}lnPsf] 5 . o;sf]

l;dfgf k"j{df lqa]0fL uf=kf / bfË lhNnf, klZrddf alb{of lhNnf, pQ/df aguf9 s'lk08] gu/kflnsf,

zf/bf gu/kflnsf / ;'v]{t lhNnf / blIf0fdf afFs] lhNnf /x]sf 5g .

@=@ hg;+Vof / ;fdflhs kl/j]z M

/fli6«o hgu0fgf @)^* cg';f/ ;fljssf ;a} uf=la=; tyf g=kf ldnfP/ $,#$# 3/w'/L /x]sf] of]

ufFpkflnsfsf] hg;+Vof @#,))% x'Fg k'u]sf]] 5 . h;df dlxnfsf] hg;+Vof !!,&)%/ k'?ifsf] hg;+Vof

!!,#)) k'u]sf]] 5 .

6]jn !M ufFpkflnsfsf] j8fut?kdf hg;+Vof ljj/0fM

j8f

g+=

j8fsf] gfd 3/w'/L ;+Vof dlxnfsf] ;+Vof k'?ifsf] ;+Vof hDdf

hg;+Vof

! nIdLk'/ 791 2188 2057 4245

@ sflndf6L /fdk'/ 619 1705 1605 3310

# sflndf6L /fdk'/ 705 1820 1647 3467

$ sflndf6L sfNr] 625 1696 1664 3360

% sflndf6L sfNr] 563 1607 1549 3156

^ sfk|frf}/ 469 1233 1226 2459

& sfk|frf}/ 571 1456 1552 3008

hDdf 4,343 11,705 11,300 23,005

>f]tM /fli6«o hgu0fgf @)^*

k'g/ ;+/rgf e} sfod ePsf] o;sflndf6LufFpkflnsfdf hfthftLx?sf] laa/0f lgDg 6]a'n @ cg';f/ 5M

6]jn @M ufFpkflnsfsf] Hfltut ljj/0fM

HffthftL hDdf

16

If]qL 9378

du/ 7951

sfdL 2457

;Gof;L÷bzgfdL 907

bdfO{÷9f]nL 834

a|fx\d0f -kxf8L_ 754

;fsL{ 266

s'dfn 128

afbL 95

u'?Ë 66

/fp6] 66

7s'/L 52

hghftL cGo 24

t/fO{ cGo 20

cGo 7

23,005

>f]tM /fli6«o hgu0fgf @)^*

Effiffut ljj/0fM

o; uflj;df g]kfnL efiff af]Ng]sf] ;+Vof @@,@(@ /x]sf] 5eg] dft[efiffdfdu/ efiff ^)#, vfDrL -/fp6]_

efiff ^^ / cGo efiff af]Ng] ;+Vof $$ /x]sf] 5 .

wfld{s cj:yfM

wfld{s b[li6sf]0f jf6 x]bf{ o; uflj;df clwsf+z dflg;x? lxGb'wd{ dfGb5g\ eg] s]xL ;+Vofdf d'l:nd /

O;fO{ wd{ dfGg]x? klg /x]sf 5g\ . lxGb' wd{ dfGg] (%=^& k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . s[liZrog !=$# /

af}4wd{@=&& k|ltzt/ afFsL )=!# k|ltzt cGo /x]sf 5g .

;f+:s[lts tyf ko{6sLo cj:yfM

ko{6lso lx;fan] sfnLdf6L eujtL dlGb/, s5'jf bx, lza dlGb/, rd]/] u'kmf, sdnfIf eujtL, l;Dn]

5x/f, tfd] 5x/f, lqa]0fL :gfg :yn, b]p/fnL sf]6L dlGb/ cfbL /x]sf 5g .

@=# ef}lts k"jf{wf/

sflndf6LufFpkflnsfsf] a:t'ut ljj/0f cg';f/ ;a} j8fx?df df]6/ af6f]n] 5f]Psf] 5 . h;df %, ^ / &

jf8{df lxpbdf dfq uf8L hfG5 .lzIffsf] xsdf sflndf6LufFpkflnsfdfdf ;/b/ ;fIf/tf b/ ^%=)!

k|ltzt 5.k'?ifsf ;fIf/tf b/&$=() 5eg] dlxnf ;fIf/tf b/ %%=$k|ltzt dfq 5 . o;

sflndf6LufFpkflnsfdf !pRr dflj, %dflj, lgdflj * k|flj#& / % lghL u/L %^ j6f laBfnox? /x]sf

5g\ .

o; sflndf6LufFpkflnsfsf] a:t'ut ljj/0f cg';f/ Jojl:yt vfg]kfgL k|of]u ug]{ kl/jf/ $) k|ltzt 5g\

.cGon] Ogf/, s'jf, h?jf kfgL cfbL k|of]u ug]{ u/]sf 5g .

17

o;sflndf6LufFpkflnsf If]qdf k|fo ;a} a:tLx?nfO{ vnËf / >LufFpdf /x]sf ;/sf/L % j6f:jf:Yo rf}sLn]

;]jf lbO{/x]tf klg ;f] ;]jf gk'u b]lvG5 . To; jfx]s o; ufFpkflnsfdf lghL :jf:Yo lSngLs !! j6f

/x]sf 5g . !)) k|ltztnfO{ @306f leq} :jf:Yo ;]jf kx"Fr 5 .

o; uflj;df ;f]nf/af6 laB't ;]jf k|fKt ug]{ (* k|ltzt 5geg] @k|ltzt 3/w'/Ldf ;f] ;]jf k'u]sf] 5}g .

To;}u/L x'nfs ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;ldlt, ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?/x]sf 5g\ .

@=$ e"–pkof]u

sflndf6LufFpkflnsfsf] a:t'ut ljj/0ffdf ePsf] tYofFs cg';f/ e" pkof]u o; k|sf/ ljj/0f o; l|sf/ 5

.

l;= g+ ljj/0f cf]u6]sf] e" efu -k|ltztdf cf]u6]sf] e" efu -a=

ls=ld= df_

! s'n If]qkmn !))

@ v]ltof]Uo hldg #)

# v]tL ePsf] hdLg !%

$ l;+lrt If]q !%

% jg If]q &)

^ al:t a;]sf] %

cGo

>f]tM of]hgf th{'df uf]i7Lsf ;xeduL @)&$

@=% sflndf6LufFpkflnsfsf] cfly{s ultljlw

o; ufFpkflnsfdf pTkfbg x'g] vfBjfnLx?df wfg, ux'F, ds}, sf]bf], hf}, kmfk/, bnxg / tf]/L k|d'v /x]sf

5g\ . t/sf/L tyf kmnkm"nx?df cfn', Kofh, n;'g, ;LdL, kml;{, j]nf}tL, s]/f, d'nf, lk8fn', cf?, gf;kflt,

;'Gtnf, cf?av8f, lrp/L, lga'jf, df}ifd, sfutL, cfFk, cgf/, HofdL/, skmL/ dx cflb pTkfbg x'g] ub{5 .

6]jn #M pTkfbgsf] cj:yf -aflif{s_

qm=;= pTkfbgsf] gfd pTkfbg kl/df0f d]= 6g df

! wfg

@ uxF'

# ds}

$ sf]bf]

% hf}

^ kmfk/

& bnxg

* t]nxg

( cfn'

!) t/sf/L

!! kmnkm"n

!@ d;nf afnL

!# dx

>f]tM sflndf6L ufFp pBfd ljsf; /0fgLlts of]hgf th{'df uf]i7L @)&$

6]jn $M lgof{tsf] cj:yf

18

qm=;= pTkfbgsf] gfd pTkfbg kl/df0f d]= 6g df

! cb'jf

@ ;'Gtnf

# l6d'/

$ s]/f

% a];f/

^ dx

& vl;af]sf

* t/sf/L

( e6df;, l;dL

!) cfFk

!! ;'7f]

!@ l/7f

!# Kofh

!$ ds}

!% d;'/f]

!^ s'v'/f

!& s'l/nf]

>f]tM sflndf6LufFp pBfd ljsf; /0fgLlts of]hgf th{'df uf]i7L @)&$

6]jn %cfoftsf] cj:yf

qm=;= cfoft x'g] a:t'sf] gfd pTkfbg kl/df0f d]= 6g df

vfB kbfy{

cf}iflw

sk8f

lgdf{0f ;fdfu|Lx?

laBlto ;fdfu|Lx?

lanfl;tfsf ;fdfu|Lx?

>f]tM ufFp pBfd ljsf; /0fgLlts of]hgf th{'df uf]i7L @)&$

o; af6 ljlqmx'g] pk/f]Qm j:t'x? cfGtl/s tyf jfXo ahf/df ljlqm x'g] ub{5g\ . sflndf6L, nIdLk'/,

lem?3f6, 6f]6fafh, bnk'/], ;]ltvf]nf, l;dns'gf, lemufg]3f6, 6f6s] ahf/, bfgLuf}8f, w'/]gL, df3] ahf/,

h's]gf ahf/, c;'/]gL, u}/L, lkkn], v}/]gL, k'?jfv]t, afn'jf, h'dvf]nf, dd4fnL, sfNr] g]6f, nfld8fF8f,

hnhnf, 3'Oof af/L, KofË /afXo ahf/sf] xsdf bfËsf] xfk'/, t'nl;k'/, >Lgu/, sf]xnk'/, g]kfnuGh,

a'6jn / ;'v]{t ahf/x?df hfg] ub{5 .lo jhf/ k'Ug s/Lj cfwf 306f b]lv uf8Ldf & 306f eGbf j9L

;do nfUg] ub{5 .

jg k}bfj/sf] lx;fan] of] wgLufFpkflnsf xf] . uflj;sf] k|f]kmfon cg';f/ &)=) k|ltzt hldg ag hËnn,

ldl>t jg / emfl8 a'6\ofgn] cf]u6]sf] 5 .&^ j6fjg ;d'bfonfO{ x:tfGt/0f u/]sf] 5 eg] jfFsL jg

x:tfGt/0f x'g jfFsL b]lvG5 . o; uflj;df &^ j6f ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;ldlt /x]sf 5g\ . o;

lx;fan] ubf{ jg / jg k}bfj/df cfwf/Lt pBd k|j4{gsf] ;+efjgf a9L b]lvG5 .

@=^ /f]huf/Lsf] cj:yf

ufFp pBfd ljsf; /0fgLlts of]hgf th{'df uf]i7Lsf ;xefuL af6 k|fKt ljj/0f cg';f/ o; ufFpkflnsfdf

/f]huf/Lsf] d'n;|f]t eg]sf] s[lif g} xf] o;df $% k|ltzt ;+nUg 5g,Jofkf/ / pBf]udf @, hfuL/df #,

19

Hofnf dhb'/Ldf #) a}b]lzs /f]huf/L @)k|ltzt ;+nUg 5g . /f]huf/Ls} l;nl;nfdf oxfFsf o'jfx? ljb];Lg]

qmd klg k|;:t} 5 . df};dL /f]huf/Lsf nflu ef/ttkm{ %), nfdf] /f]huf/Lsf nflu hfkfg, o'/f]k, sf]/Lof /

cd]/Lsf !,dn]l;of !$ /c/j, stf/, s'j]t / b'jO{ nufotsf d'n'stkm{ #% k|ltzt uPsf 5g . /f]huf/Lsf

cGo ;|f]tx?df pBf]u, Jofkf/, dhb'/L / oftfoft If]q x'g\, oL If]qx?af6 klg /fd}|;+u /f]huf/L l;h{gf

ePsf] 5 .

a}b]lzs /f]huf/L af6 k|fKt /]ld6]G;sf] pkof]usf] cj:yfnfO{ x]bf{ hldg / 3/ 38]/L lsGg #)Ü, vfglkgdf

%Ü, lzIff :jf:Yodf !) Ü / lanfl;tfdf $) Ü, artdf !) / Jofkf/ Joj;fodf % k|ltzt pkof]u ug]{

u/]sf] kfOof h;nfO{ pBd ljsf;df pkof]u ug{ clt h?/L 5 .

vfgk'Ug] cj:yfsf] ljj/0fM

ufFp pBfd ljsf; /0fgLlts of]hgf th{'df uf]i7Lsf ;xefuL af6 k|fKt ljj/0f cg';f/ cfkm\gf] pTkfbgn]

vfgk'Ug]x?sf] ljj/0f l:ylt x]bf{ ) b]lv # dlxgf !% k|ltzt, # b]lv ^ dlxgf @) k|ltzt, ^ b]lv ( dlxgf

$) k|ltzt, ( b]lv !@ dlxgf@) k|ltzt / ( b]lv !@ dlxgf eGbf al9 / laqmL ug]{ % k|ltzt 5 .

@=&pBd ljsf; ;DaGwL ;]jf k|bfosx?

of] sflndf6LufFpkflnsfdfsfo{/t ;/f]sf/jfnfx? / ;+3;+:yfx? gS;fÍg, >f]t tyf ;]jfsf] ljj/0f M

@=&= s_ ;/f]sf/jfnf tyf ;+3;+:yfx?sf] gS;fÍg

6]jn ^M >f]t tyf ;]jf ljj/0f M

pBd

ljsf;

of]hgf

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jg

pkef]Qmf

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÷RRN

20

l;= g+ ;/f]sf/jfnf tyf ;+3;+:yfsf] gfd ;+Vof pknAw ;]jf

! sflndf6LufFpkflnsf ! ;dGjo, Joj:yfkg, sfof{Gjog, ah]6, ;fdflhs

kl/rfng cfbL

@ n3' pBd ljsf; sfo{qm -d]8]k_ ! pBd :yfkgfdf cfyL{s tyf k|flalws ;xof]u

# s[lif ljsf; zfvf ! k|lalws ;xof]u, k|lalw, aRrf kbfy{ pTkfbg a[l4,

aLp lahg lat/0f

$ kz' ;]jf zfvf ! kz' ;]jfsf] If]qdf k|ljlw / k|fljlws ;xof]u

% dlxnf tyf afnalnsf sfof{no ! ;fdflhs kl/rfng, tflnd, cg'bfg

^ pBf]u ljsf; zfvf ! pBd :yfkgf, tflnd, k|fljlws ;xof]u, pBf]u

k|zf;g

& lhNnf jg sfof{no ! jghGo pBd, k|zf]wg

* kf; g]kfn, kxn, lna8{÷cf/ cf/

Pn, u|fld0f ljsf;sf nfuL hg

hfu/0f s]Gb| -kf8{_ g]kfn

$ cfocfh{g, d"No>[Înf

( a}+s tyf ljlQo ;+:yf # art tyf C0f nuflg

!) ;xsf/L * art tyf C0f nuflg

!! ;fd'bflos jg &^ jg, cfocfh{g / C0f

@=*pBd ljsf;sf nfuLljutsf k|of; / pknAwLx? -jt{dfg cj:yfsf] ljZn]if0f_

;DalGwt ;+:yfx? af6 k|fKt hfgsf/L cg';f/ pBd ljsf;df lgDg sfof{no tyf ;+:yfx?af6 lgDg

k|sf/sf k|of;x? ePsf / Ps csf{sf pknAwLx? cGt/ ;DalGwt 5g\M

6]jn &M pBdx?sf] laa/0fM

l;=g+ ;+:yf pBdsf] k|sf/ ;+Vof s"n k'Flh -

nufgL_ ?

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pTkfbg ?

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!$$ !,)&!,$^% @,!%&,*(^ @*(

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;d"xut tflnd

@^^ !%,)#,(%) %(,$%,))) #((

# s[lif ;jf:Yo tyf

a}slNks

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lat/0f

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xfp;

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$ kf; g]kfn d'9f agfpg], a'l6s, ^@ &,)),))) @,)),))) ^@

21

l;nfO{ s6fO{

s'n hDdf %@& %(,&%,$!% *^)@*(^ *@%

v08 #M >f]t ;fwg tyf ahf/ ;e]{If0f

#=! ahf/sf] cj:yf M

n3' pBdx? ;fdfGotof pBdLnfO{{ al9 kmfObf / bLuf]kgfsf] nflu pBdLx¿sf] dfu, ahf/sf]

;DefJotf / sRrf kbfy{sf] pknAwtf h:tf # j6f dxTjk"0f{ kIfsf] ;Gt'ngnfO{{ Wofg lbP/ sfo{

ub{5 .t;y{ ahf/ eg]sf] pBdx?sf] k|f0fxf] . >f]t dfq eP/ k'Ub]g, ;Lk klg rflxg5 / >f]t /

;Lkn] dfq k'Ub}g ahf/df dfu rflxG5 . t;y{ n3' pBdsf] ljsf;df ahf/sf] 7"nf] e'ldsf ePsf]

x'Fbf of]hgf th{'df uf]i7L af6 pknAw ;"rgf tyf >f]t ;e]{If0fsf cfwf/dflhNnf kz' ;]jf

sfof{noleq jf kfos kg]{ :yfgx?sf] klxrfg ug]{ hdsf]{ u/]sf] 5 .

22

6]jn *M ahf/sf] cj:yf

j8f

g+

ahf/sf] gfd /

7fpF

ahf/df kfos

kg]{ al:tx?

ahf/df

kfos kg{]

hg;+Vof

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b'/L

cfoft x'Fg] a:t'x? lgof{t x'Fg] a:t'x? lgof{t x'Fg] :yfg

! nIdLk'/ kf]v/f kf]v/f, uf]ug], 9'Î]

s6]/L, sf]6,

aonL, cf?rf}/,

w'Dsg], ds}nvf/f,

sfkm\nL

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ldg]6

vfB ;fdfu|L, cf}iflw, laiffbL,

lgdf{0f ;fdfu|L, sk8f, dnvfb

cfbL

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cb'jf, l/7f, cdnf,

v;Laf]sf, l3p, dx,

cfn' sf]aL, 6df6/

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bfË, t'n;Lk'/,

/fdahf/

6f]6fafh r'l/sf]O/fnf, xNb] #) #)

ldg]6



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v;Laf]sf, l3p, dx,

cfn' sf]aL, 6df6/

vnËf, >Lgu/

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rf]y|]rf}/, dr]{af/L,

/fS;], aNn]rf}sL,

;'lsbx

#) al9df @

306f



cfbL

l6d'/, a];f/, ;'7f],

cb'jf, l/7f, cdnf,

v;Laf]sf, l3p, dx,

cfn' sf]aL, 6df6/

vnËf, >Lgu/

bfË, t'n;Lk'/

@ ;]ltvf]nf -

ldngrf]s_

sf]5x], af/fk'/,

pkNnf] v}/LsfF8f,

e'jfg 6fs'/L,

sfnfvf]nf, bx

6fs'/f, bf/]9'Ëf,

;]ltvf]nf, tNnf]

xNb], kfvflfgL

au/, kf?n]

@)) al9df @

306f


lgdf{0f ;fdfu|L, sk8f, dnvfb,

k]6«f]lnod kbfy{ cfbL

dx, cb'jf, ;'7f],

a];f/, af]sf v;L,

/fFuf e};L, uf]?

;Nofg, ;'v]{t bfË

t'nl;k'/

l;dns'gf lnËf, u/u/], @%) al9df ! vfB ;fdfu|L, cf}iflw, laiffbL, afv|f, af]sf v;L, s]/f, xfk'/, afFs]

23

v}/Lvf]nf, lemufg],

5]?jf vf]nf,

l8d'/], tNnf]

v}l/sfF8f, b'/d

vf]nf, gofF ag

306f lgdf{0f ;fdfu|L, sk8f, dnvfb

cfbL

cfFk, 6df6/, t/sf/L

lemufg] rf]s tNnf] lemufg],

8fF8fufp, z'qm]

tfn, s'08f

es'08], bf/9'Ëf

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ldg]6



cfbL

s'v'/f, efFuf], wfg ux'F af]6]rf}/, u}/L ahf/

6f6fs] ahf/ sxla/, lgufn],

s}g], gofF al:t,

s'lG9s, /flh

6fs'/f

^% al9df @

306f



cfbL

ds}, cb'jf, cb'jfsf]

So08L, cb'jfsf] h';,

sfutL

kf]v/f, sf7df08f}

bfgLuf}8f tfl/s], leqL s}gL,

d}/]af/L, 6f6fs],

pkNnf] ufFp, 8fF8f

al:t

!%) al9df !

306f



cfbL

afv|f, af]sf v;L, s]/f,

cfFk, 6df6/, t/sf/L

a'6jn

# sflndf6L xNb], kfvfkfgL,

sfnfvf]nf,

lsld/], a/f9'Ëf

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@=%

306f



cfbL

t/sf/L, vl;af]sf,

dx, l3p, n;'g, Kofh,

df5f, a];f/

;Nofg vnËf,

t'nl;k'/, xfk'/ /

sf7df08f}

w'/]gL aNn], rf}sL,

t'iff/], /fdk'/,

6f6s], dhfp,

lelqvf]nf,

pUd}rf}/

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!=%

306f



cfbL

t/sf/L, vl;af]sf,


df5f, a];f/

;Nofg vnËf,

t'nl;k'/, xfk'/ /

sf7df08f}

df3] ahf/ nIdLk'/, aNn],

rf}sL, /f]Srf

%) al9df

!=%

306f



cfbL

t/sf/L, vl;af]sf,


df5f, a];f/

;Nofg vnËf,

t'nl;k'/, xfk'/ /

sf7df08f}

h's]gf ahf/ kmfOnf, h's]gf,

5jfn sfF9f, k}of

sf9f

%) al9df !

306f



cfbL

cb'jf, a];f/, t/sf/L,

l6d'/, vl;af]sf

;Nofg vnËf,

l;tnkf6L /

sf7df08f}

$ c;'/]gL 5fd, 66]/L !%) al9df vfB ;fdfu|L, cf}iflw, laiffbL, vl;af]sf, l3p, rgf, g]kfnuGh,

24

$%

ldg]6


cfbL

d;'/f], n;'g, dx,

hl8a'6L

t'nl;k'/, 3f]/fxL

u}/L 5fk8fF8f, l6d'/],

3'/rf}/

@)) al9df !

306f



cfbL

l3p, rgf, d;'/f],

n;'g, Kofh, 6df6/,

hl8a'6L, vl;af]sf,

dx

t'nl;k'/, 3f]/fxL

lkkn] ;'grf}/, Hofld/],

nf];]

!)) al9df !

306f



cfbL

l3p, rgf, d;'/f],

n;'g, Kofh, 6df6/,

hl8a'6L, vl;af]sf,

dx

t'nl;k'/, 3f]/fxL

v}/]gL 7fs'/ ;Dd,

nfldt8f, l8d]/],

vf/vf]nf,

cfl/vs{

!@% al9df @

306f



cfbL

l3p, rgf, d;'/f],

n;'g, Kofh, 6df6/,

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dx

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k'?jf v]t ;'grf}/, 66nL !)) #)

ldg]6



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l3p, rgf, d;'/f],

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dx

g]kfnuGh,

t'nl;k'/, 3f]/fxL

% afn'jf sfNr] ufpal:t /

;'v]{tsf s]lx

al:t

#)) al9df !

306f



cfbL

vl;af]sf, s'v'/f,

n;'g, Kofh, df5f

bfË, ;'v]{t, ;Nofg

vnËf, sf7df08f}

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v}/]nf, nf]lt bdf/

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!=%

306f



cfbL

vl;af]sf, t/sf/L,

dx, s'v'/f, df5f

bfË, ;'v]{t, ;Nofg

vnËf

bdbjfnL uË6], xftLbdf/,

agr/]

@%) al9df @

306f



cfbL

vl;af]sf, t/sf/L,

dx, s'v'/f, df5f

g]kfnuGh, bfË

sf]xnk'/,

sfNr] g]6f ahf/ ;fgf]3fd,

7"nf]3fd, n]vufFp,

sfNr] ufFp

!%) al9df @

306f



cfbL

a';f/, cb'jf, dx, l/7f uf}/L ahf/,

af]6]rf}/, ;'v]{t

^ nfldt8f Hofld/], sfk|]rf}/,

5/5/], hf]uLnf];],

!)) al9df #

306f



t/sf/L, hl8a'6L,

thkQf, kmnkm"n,

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25

;fn3f/L,

;fn8ff8f, s'ld{,

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306f



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thkQf, kmnkm"n,

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s'l/nf], l/7f

hx/], l5G5',

g]kfnuGh

& 3'Oof af/L xfQL bfdf/,

bdb'jfnL,

xfQL9'Ëf, KofË,

:jdLaf;,

cf]vn9'Ëf

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306f



cfbL

vl;af]sf, ds}, d;'/f] r]kfË, sf]xnk'/,

g]kfnuGh

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s';'dt8f,

:jfdLaf;

^) al9df #

306f



cfbL

vl;af]sf, ds}, d;'/f],

s]/f

r]kfË, sf]xnk'/,

g]kfnuGh

26

#=@ ahfl/s/0fsf r'gf}tLx?M

uf]i7Lsf ;xeflux?sf] wf/0ff cg';f/ xfn n3' pBdLx?sf] !) k|ltzt hlt ;xh?kdf

jhf/Ls/0f x'g ;s]sf] 5 eg] jhf/Ls/0fdf lgDg cg';f/sf r'gf}tLx? /x]sf] kfOof] .

;'/lIft e08f/0f tyf lr:ofg s]Gb| gePsf sf/0fn] vf;u/L kmnkm"n tyf t/sf/Lsf pBdLx?n]

;:tf] d"Nodf cfkm\gf] pTkfbg ljlqm ug'{kg{] ePsf] x'bfF ck]lIft nfe k|fKt ug{ g;s]sf] .

;+sng s]Gb|sf] cefjn] :yfgLo pTkfbgnfO{ ;+sng u/L yf]sdf jhf/df k'/fpg g;Sg] cj:yf

ePsfn] pBdL Joj;foLx?n] 6f9fsf jhf/df cfkm\gf] pTkflbt ;fdu|L vf;u/L kmnkm"n tyf

t/sf/L / hl8j'l6 k'/fpg g;Sg' tyf jhf/df nfdf] ;do vr{ ug{'kg{] cj:yf .

xf6jhf/ gxF'bf ;xh?kdf cfkm\gf] pTkflbt ;fdu|Lx? ljlqm ug{ g;Sg' .

jhf/ ;+:yfx? vf;u/L ;f}uft u[x, sf]z]nL3/ tyf ljlqmsIfsf] Joj:yf s'Zdfdf dfq x'g' .

:yfgLo :t/df pTkflbt a:t'sf] pkef]udf cfd pkef]Qmfsf] cfsif{0f x'g g;Sg' Pp6f r'gf}tL

xf]eg] :yfgLo pTkfbgsf] ljifodf k|rf/ k|;f/ x'g g;Sg' / :yflgo pTkfbgsf] nflu plrt

ljqmL sIf gx'g' :yfgLo pTkfbgsf] ahf/Ls/0fdf csf]{ r'gf}tL xf] .

s[lif Joj;fosf] ;Gbe{df dfudf cfwfl/t pTkfbgdf ljljwLs/0f x'g g;Sg' ahf/Ls/0fsf]

r'gf}lt xf] eg] ;xh oftfoftsf] k"jf{w/ gx'g' csf]{ r'gf}tL xf] .

Joj;flos ;f]rsf ;fy pTkfbg gx'g' / pTkflbt a:t'x?sf] u'0f:t/n] cGo p:t} ;fdfg ;+u k|lt:kwf{ ug{ g;Sg' .

pTkflbt a:t'x?sf] n]alnË / Kofs]lhËsf] plrt Joj:yf ug{ g;Sg' .

#=# >f]t ;fwgsf] ;+efjgf / ;+efAo pBd cfFsng

k|fo n3' pBdx? :yfgLo >f]t ;fwg, ;Lk / ahf/ ;+efjgfsf cfwf/ :yfkgf x'g] ePsf x'bf

sflndf6LufFpkflnsf leq s] slt s'g k|sf/sf >f]t ;fwg pknAw x'fg ;S5g / :yfgLo txdf s]

s:tf ;Lk x? pknAw 5g / ahf/ nufot cgo ;+ejgfx? S] 5g elg klxrfg ug{'{ of] >f]t ;fwg

;e]{If0fsf] d"n pb]Zo xf] . o;sf lglxt pb]Zox? lgDg cg';f/ 5gM

5l/P/ /x]sf s[lif, jgk}bfjf/, kz' tyf wfld{s tyf ko{6sLo If]q h:tf Aoj;flos ?kdf

pknAw x'g] >f]t tyf ;fwgx? sf] lni6 tof/ ug]{ h;sf cfwf/df gofF pBdx? :ykgfsf

nfuL cfwf/ tof/ xf]; .

b'/ b/fhdf cj;/sf] kvf{O{df /x]sf lzNkLx?sf] klrfg ug{] h;af6 cfufdL lbgd n3' pBdL

:yfkgfdf lolgx?nfO{ ;d]6\g ;lsof]; .

ahf/ ;e{]If0f af6 :yfglo txsf] cfly{s ultljlwx?sf] cfFsng ug]{ h;af6 n3' pBdLx/sf]

pTkfbgsf] ahf/df :yg ;'lglZrt ug{ ;xof]u k'uf]; .

27

g]kfnsf clwsfF; ufpF tyf ufFpsf hgtfsf] hLljsf]kfh{sf] d"n >f]t s[lif xf] t/ lgjf{xd'lv s[lif

k|0ffnLaf6 u/Lj tyf ljkGg au{sf] lhljsf]kfh{gdf yk r'gf}lt jGb} uPsf] 5 . t;y{ o:tf s[ifsx?nfO{

Joj;flos s[ifssf] ?kdf ?kfGtl/t ug{' clgafo{ e};s]sf] 5 . To;}u/L jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t >f]t

;fwgnfO{ ;'/lIft bf]xgsf ;fy lbuf] pkof]uu/L jg tyf jftfj/0fsf] ;lx pkof]u af6 clwstd nfe

lng ;Sg] u/L logdf cfwfl/t pBdx:sf] ljsf; tyf k/Dk/fut ;Lk / k|ljlwnfO{ clwstd pkof]usf]

jftfa/0f tof/ u/L o; If]qsf] lhljsf]kfh{g n3' pBdsf] dfWodaf6 yk ;xh jgfpg' kg]{ vfFrf] 5 .

To;}u/L :yfgLo :t/df /x]sf sltko ko{6gsf] ;+efjgf ePsf xfd|f k|s[lts tyf wfld{s ;+kbfx?

cf]em]ndf k/L jf Tosf] pkof]sf] ;+efjgf klxrfg ug{ g;sL :yfgLox?n] To;af6 lng ;Sg] kmfO{bf

klg lng g;ls/x]sf] cj:yf 5 . t;y{ o:tf ;+efjgfx?nfO{ phfu/ ug'{ klg cfjZos 5 . olx sf/0fn]

sflndf6LufFpkflnsfsf] >f]t ;fwg / ahf/sf] ;e{If0f ug'{ k/]sf] xf] .

n3' pBd eg]sf Hofb} ;fg' nufgLdf ;+rfng ul/g] pBdx? x'g h;df ;fgfGotof Hofb} Go'g kF"hL

ePsf clt lakGg tyf lakGg au{sf dflg;x? oft k/+D/fut ;Lk / k|lalwsf] pkof]u u/L of :yfgLo

:t/df ljsf; ug{ ;lsg] ;Lkdf cfwf/ e} al9 dfqfdf ;+nUg x'G5g . o:tf pBdx? afXo >f]t

;fwgdf cfwf/ eP/ ;+rfng ug{ k"FhL, ahf/, ;Lk tyf k|lalwsf cwf/df ;+ej x'Fb}gg .

xfd|f] b]zdf >f]t ;fwgsf] cefj eGbf klg e}/sf] >f]t / ;fwgsf] klxrfg ug{ g;Sg' al9 ;d:ofsf]

?kdf b]lvG5 . nlIf au{df pBdzLntfsf] 1fFgsf cefjsf cltl/Q 5l/P/ /x]sf] >f]t tyf ;fwgnfO{

Pslqt u/L n3' pBdx/sf] :yfkgf af6 clt ul/a tyf ul/a au{df /f]huf/L >[hgf tyf cfo a[l4df

hf]8 lbg] ;f]rfO{df cfwfl/t ljsf;sf] cfofdnfO{ xfn ;Dd vf;} dxTjsf] ?kdf gx]l/Psf] cj:yf 5 .

t;y{ :yfgLo :t/df >f]t ;fwg eP/, dgdf pT;fx eP/ tyf xftdf ;Lk eP/ tyf ;Lk xl;n ug{]

;+efjgf eP/ klg cfkm\gf] /f]huf/L >[hgf ug{ g;ls o'jf k':tf ufpFg] vfln u/L lab]lZog' kg]{

afWotfsf] cj:yf 5 . t;y{ :yfgLo >f]t ;fwg eg]sf] n3' pBdx/sf] cfwf/ ePsf] x'bf

sflndf6LufFpkflnsfdf n3' pBdLsf] ljsf; ug{ of] >f]t ;fwg ;e]{If0f clt cfjZos kg{ uPsf] xf] .

of]hgf th{'df uf]i7L af6 pknAw ;"rgf tyf >f]t ;e]{If0fsf cfwf/df ;+lIfKt?kdf x]bf{ o;

sflndf6LufFpkflnsfsf ;+k"0f{ j8fx?df s[lif,kz' / jg k}bfj/df cfwfl/t sRrf kbfy{x¿ /

ko{6sLo :yn tyf pknAw ;Lk / k|lalw lgDg 6]a'ndf b]vfO{P cg';f/ ePsf] kfO{of]

28

6]jn (M >f]t ;fwgsf] ;+efjgf / ;+efAo pBd cfFsng

6]a'n (=! s[lif k}bfjf/ df cfwfl/t>f]t ;fwgsf] ;+efjgf / ;+efAo pBd cfFsng

j8fg+ Aoj;flos ?kdf pknAw x'g;Sg]

>f]t ;fwgsf] laa/0f

kfO{g] :yfgx? >[hgf ug{ ;lsg] ;+efAo pBdx? ;+efljt ;+Vof

! wfg, ux'F :ofs' lhpnf cGgafnL aLp pTkfbg, Kofs]lhË %)

6df6/, cfn', l;dL, af]8L, e06f,

v';f{gL, km;L{, /fof] ;fu, d'nf,

n;'g, Kofh cfbL

/flhsf]6, r+v]gL, kfyLxfnf, lgdf/],

lem/3f6

tfhf t/sf/L pTkfbg Joj;fo !))

;'Gtnf, sfutL, cldnf], cf]v/,

gf:kftL

kf]v/f, 9'+u] s6]/L, tf]tfafh, aofn],

d6s]n vf/f

tfhf kmnkm"n pTkfbg Joj;fo *)

l6d'/, cb'jf, a];f/ aofn], cf]6, 9'+u]s]/L, xNb]vf]nf,

;ftnvf]nf, sfkmnL, /flhsf]6, 8fË8'Ë],

l;/vf]nf, cf?rf}/, wdsg], kf]v/f

d;nf afnL pTkfbg Joj;fo &%

dfx'/L kfng l;/vf]nf, tf]tfafh, 9'+u]s]/L, :ofs'

lhpnf

dfx'/L kfng Joj;fo, dx laqmL $%

rgf, d;'/f], s]/fp, l;dL,

e6df;

nIdLk'/, 9'+u]s]/L, tf]tfafh, sf]6, aofn],

uf]ug]

bfn afnL pTkfbg ;+sng, k|zf]wg *)

tf]/L, ltn l;/vf]nf, aofn], sf]6, rf]y|], lxj/] t]nxg afnL pTkfbg, k|zf]wg ^%

df5f zf/bf glb lsgf/sf hldg Joj;flos df5f kfng !%

@ wfg, uxF", ds} lemufg], ;]ltvf]nf, bf/]9'Ëf, vGg] yfkf, cGgafnL aLp pTkfbg, Kofs]lhË !%

29

y't]tfn, lr;]t8f, s}g], s'l08s, af]O/]gL,

xNb], lgufn], a/f9'+uf, kfvfkfgL

kmfk/, sf]bf], hf} lemufg], ;]ltvf]nf, bf/]9'Ëf, vGg] yfkf,

y't]tfn, lr;]t8f, s}g], s'l08s, af]O/]gL,

xNb], lgufn], a/f9'+uf, kfvfkfgL

lk7f] pTkfbg, Kofs]lhË, n]alnË !)

sfpnL, aGbf, cfn', l;dL,

6df6/, d'nf, ufh/, km;L{, sfs|f,

a/]nf, nf}sf

l;dns'gf, ;]ltvf]nf, lemufg], 6f6s],

sfnfvf]nf, kfvfkfgL, ejg6fs'/L, xNb],

lgufn], s6la/

tfhf t/sf/L pTkfbg Joj;fo $%

kmnkm"n l;dns'gf, ;]ltvf]nf, lemufg], 6f6s],

sfnfvf]nf, kfvfkfgL, ejg6fs'/L, xNb],

lgufn], s6la/

tfhf kmnkm"n pTkfbg Joj;fo %)

cb'jf, a];f/, l6d'/, vf];f{gL e'jg6fs'/f d;nf afnL pTkfbg Joj;fo @%

rgf, d;'/f], df;, s]/fp, l;dL,

/fdrgf,e6df;

6f6s], sfnvf]nf, xNb], ;]ltvf]nf,

kfvfkfgL, ;'s]tfn, v}/LsfF9f, e'jg6fs'/L

bfn afnL pTkfbg ;+sng, k|zf]wg %)

tf]/L, ;"o{d'vL, c;L{, ;:of}{,

e6df;

sfnfvf]nf, e'jg6fs'/L, kfvfkfgL, xNb],

s6la/, lgufn], ;'s]tfn, 7"nfv]t,

a]naf;], rfd|]v]t, vf;'t8f, au/

t]nxg afnL pTkfbg, k|zf]wg @%

dfx'/L lemufg], sfnvf]nf, e'jg6fs'/L, k}ofsfF9f,

ln+uf u/u/], uf]5§]

dfx'/L kfng Joj;fo, dx laqmL %)

# wfg, ux'F, ds} sflndf6L, /flhufFp, dhfp, w}/]gL, dfu] cGgafnL aLp pTkfbg, Kofs]lhË !%

30

sf]ntf/f, kmfOnf, aNn], rf}bL, h's]gf,

dr]af/L, nfld8fF8f, l8ufp

t/sf/L -df}ifld, a]df}ifld_

6df6/, sfpnL, s/]nf, l;dL,

lk8fn', n;'g

kmOnf, cDb} rf}a/, 9f]8]gL, /flhufFp tfhf t/sf/L pTkfbg Joj;fo %)

kmnkm"n lald/], /fdk'/, rf}8L, aNn], dhfp,

/flhufFp, lbofn 8fF8f, dr]af/L


;"o{d'vL, tf]/L lald/], /fdk'/, rf}8L, aNn], dhfp,

/flhufFp, lbofn 8fF8f, dr]af/L

t]nxg afnL pTkfbg, k|zf]wg @%

cb'jf, a];f/ lsld/], kmfOnf, h's]gf, /f]Srf, ;'lsbx,

aNn], cDb} rf}a/

d;nf afnL pTkfbg Joj;fo $)

s]/fp, rgf, df;, d;'/f], l;dL /flhufFp, lald/], kmfOnf, dhfp, anv]t,

rf}sL

bfn afnL pTkfbg ;+sng, k|zf]wg $)

df5f k§], sf]ntf/f, sfnbf/ Joj;flos df5f kfng @%

dfx'/L /flhufFp, dhfp, 9f]/]gL, lsld/] dfx'/L kfng Joj;fo, dx laqmL #%

$ wfg, ux'F, ds} l8d'/], w'/rf}/, v}/]gL, lkKn] cGgafnL aLp pTkfbg, Kofs]lhË !%

df}ifld, a]df}ifdL t/sf/L 6df6/,

sfpnL, cfn', Kofh, l;dL, sfs|f,

nf}sf, af]8L, s/]nf, n;'g

l8d'/], w'/rf}/, v}/]gL, lkKn], 66fnL,

gofFag, n]sufFp, ;fgf]wfd, w'/rf}/,

c;'/]gL

tfhf t/sf/L pTkfbg Joj;fo %)

cb'jf, a];f/ 5fk8fF8f, wfd, 8fF8fufFp, ;fn6fs'/f, d;nf afnL pTkfbg Joj;fo %%

31

nfldt8f, ;'grf}/

tf]/L 5fk8fF8f, wfd, 8fF8fufFp, ;fn6fs'/f,

nfldt8f, ;'grf}/

t]nxg afnL pTkfbg, k|zf]wg #)

s]/f, sfutL, cfFk ;fn6fs'/f, ;'grf}/, w'/rf}/, 7fs'/;Dd tfhf kmnkm"n pTkfbg Joj;fo ^)

t/sf/L tyf kmnkm"g g;{/L l8d'/], w'/rf}/df t/sf/L / gofFag /

lrpl/t8fdf kmnkm"n

t/sf/L tyf kmnkm"g g;{/L Joj:yfkg @%

dfx'/L l8d'/], 5fk8fF8f, w'/rf}/, ;fn6fs'/f dfx'/L kfng Joj;fo, dx laqmL ^%

df5f l8d'/], lkKn], 7fs'/;Dd, k'g'jf v]t,

hDd't8f, sf}5]gL, ;'grf}/

Joj;flos df5f kfng @)

% wfg, ds}, ux'F bdb'jfnL, afn'jf, sf}5]gL cGgafnL aLp pTkfbg, Kofs]lhË @%

6df6/, n;'g, Kofh, sfpnL,

cfn', l;dL, sfs|f, af]8L, s/]nf,

nf}sf

bdb'jfnL, h'dvf]nf, afn'jf, sf}5gL,

sfNr] ;fgf]wfd

tfhf t/sf/L pTkfbg Joj;fo ^)

s]/f, cfFk, sfutL, ;'Gtnf,

cf]v/, cldnf], s6x/, d]jf

h'dvf]nf, 6fs/sf]6, afn'jf, bdb'jfnL,

xfqLbdf/, sfNr], n]vufFp, phf8],

Hofld/]


rgf, d;'/]f, s]/fp, /fHdf afn'jf bfn afnL pTkfbg ;+sng, k|zf]wg #)

cb'jf, a];f/ phf/], Hofld/], ;fgf]wfd, dw'ag,

6fs/sf]6

d;nf afnL pTkfbg Joj;fo %%

df5f bdb'jfnL, afn'jf, n]vufFp, afNr] Joj;flos df5f kfng !%

32

dfx'/L bdb'jfnL, afn'jf, n]vufFp, afNr] dfx'/L kfng Joj;fo, dx laqmL %%

^ ds}, ux'F, wfg nfldt8f, 5/5/], hnhnf, sfkmng]6L,

xftL9'+uf, hf]uLnf];], l;/]gL, e};L bdf/,

88'jf, h'dvf]nf

cGgafnL aLp pTkfbg, Kofs]lhË %)

aGbf, v';f{gL, sfpnL, Kofh,

n;'g, /fof], Rofp

nfldt8f, l;/]gL tfhf t/sf/L pTkfbg Joj;fo ^%

a];f/, cb'jf Hofld/], cf]vn9'+uf, 5/5/], ;fn8fF8f,

sfkmng]6L, sfk|]rf}/, e};L bdf/

d;nf afnL pTkfbg Joj;fo $)

tf]/L Hofld/], cf]vn9'+uf, 5/5/], ;fn8fF8f,

sfkmng]6L, sfk|]rf}/, e};L bdf/

t]nxg afnL pTkfbg, k|zf]wg !)

;'Gtnf, cfFk, cldnf], sfutL,

s]/f

l9s, Hofld/], 5/5/], sfk|]rf}/, hnhnf,

sfkmng]6L

tfhf kmnkm"n pTkfbg Joj;fo $)

rgf, s]/fp, d;'/f], lzargf l9s, Hofld/], 5/5/], sfk|]rf}/, hnhnf,

sfkmng]6L

bfn afnL pTkfbg ;+sng, k|zf]wg @%

dfx'/L l9s, Hofld/], 5/5/], sfk|]rf}/, hnhnf,

sfkmng]6L

dfx'/L kfng Joj;fo, dx laqmL %)

df5f l9s, Hofld/], 5/5/], sfk|]rf}/, hnhnf,

sfkmng]6L

Joj;flos df5f kfng !%

& ds}, ux'F, wfg 3'Oofaf/L, /ofË, :jfdLaf;, aft'No cGgafnL aLp pTkfbg, Kofs]lhË %)

aGbf, v';f{gL, sfpnL, Kofh, bfpvf]nf, kt/L tfhf t/sf/L pTkfbg Joj;fo %)

33

n;'g, /fof], Rofp

a];f/, cb'jf, pv' 3'Oofaf/L, /ofË, :jfdLaf;, aft'No d;nf afnL pTkfbg Joj;fo %)

tf]/L 3'Oofaf/L, /ofË, :jfdLaf;, aft'No t]nxg afnL pTkfbg, k|zf]wg !%

;'Gtnf, cfFk, cldnf], sfutL,

s]/f

cfdaf;, le/v'§L tfhf kmnkm"n pTkfbg Joj;fo %)

df5f /ofË Joj;flos df5f kfng !)

d;'/f], rgf 3'Oofaf/L, /ofË, :jfdLaf;, aft'No bfn afnL pTkfbg ;+sng, k|zf]wg @)

dfx'/L 3'Oofaf/L, /ofË, :jfdLaf;, aft'No dfx'/L kfng Joj;fo, dx laqmL ^%

6]a'n (=@ kz' k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t>f]t ;fwgsf] ;+efjgf / ;+efAo pBd cfFsng

jf8{=g+ Aoj;flos ?kdf

pknAw x'g;Sg] >f]t

;fwgsf] laa/0f

kfO{g] :yfg al:tx? >[hgf ug{ ;lsg] ;+efAo pBdx? ;+efljt ;+Vof

! ufO, e};L jf8{ g+ ! sf ;a} al:t Joj;flos kz'kfng, b'w ;+sng,

k|zf]wg -8]/L_

@)

afv|f jf8{ g+ ! sf ;a} al:t Joj;flos afv|f kfng, vl;af]sf,

kf7fkf7L laqmL, k|]m; xfp; ;+rfng

@%

a+u'/ kf]v/f, sfkmnL, /flhsf]6, tf]tfafh Joj;flos a+u'/ kfng, kf7fkf7L laqmL,

k|]m; xfp; ;+rfng

#)

s'v'/f kf]v/f, sfkmnL, /flhsf]6, tf]tfafh Joj;flos s'v'/f kfng, laqmL, k|]m; !%

34

xfp; ;+rfng

@ ufO{ e};L sf]5§], af/fk'/, v}/Lsf(8f, ln+3f, u/u/], lemufg]

;]ltvf]nf, sfnfvf]nf, e'jg6fs'/f, kfvfkfgL, xNb],

lgufn], lr;]t8f, lsr]gvf]nf

Joj;flos kz'kfng, b'w ;+sng,

k|zf]wg -8]/L_

!%

afv|f sf]5§], af/fk'/, v}/Lsf(8f, ln+3f, u/u/], lemufg]



Joj;flos afv|f kfng, vl;af]sf,


!%

s'v'/f /flh6fs'/f, lsr]g vf]nf, vGg]yfkf, lr;]t8f,

xNb], v}l/vf]nf

Joj;flos s'v'/f kfng, laqmL, k|]m;

xfp; ;+rfng

!)

a+u'/ /flh6fs'/f, lsr]g vf]nf, vGg]yfkf, lr;]t8f,

xNb], v}l/vf]nf

Joj;flos a+u'/ kfng, kf7fkf7L laqmL,

k|]m; xfp; ;+rfng

!%

e]8f sf]5§], af/fk'/, v}/Lsf(8f, ln+3f, u/u/], lemufg]



Joj;flos e]8f kfng, kf7fkf7L laqmL,

k|]m; xfp; ;+rfng

!)

# ufO, e};L lsld/], 9f]/]gL, /flhufUp, /f]Srf, aNn]rf}8L Joj;flos kz'kfng, b'w ;+sng,

k|zf]wg -8]/L_

#%

afv|f lsld/], ;'lsbx, kmfOnf, hs]gf, /f]Wofrf}8L, t'iff/],

/fdk'/, lbofn8fF8f, 9f]/]gL



#)

a+u'/ dr]{af/L, cfDb}rf}/, k§] Joj;flos a+u'/ kfng, kf7fkf7L laqmL,

k|]m; xfp; ;+rfng

!%

35

s'v'/f /flhufFp, dhfp, 9f]/]gL, aNn], h's]gf, kmfOnf Joj;flos s'v'/f kfng, laqmL, k|]m;

xfp; ;+rfng

@%

$ ufO, e};L l8d'/], w'/rf}/, 66fnL, v}/]gL Joj;flos kz'kfng, b'w ;+sng,

k|zf]wg -8]/L_

#%

afv|f gofFag, ;fn6fs'/f, 5fk8fF8f, 8F8fufFp, atf;],

wfd, Hofld/], ;'grf}/



@%

s'v'/f tyf nf]sn l8d'/], v}/]gL, lkKn], w'/rf}/, 66fnL, c;'/]gL, k'djf

v]t, hDd't8f

Joj;flos s'v'/f kfng, laqmL, k|]m;

xfp; ;+rfng

$)

% e}+;L bdb'jfnL, xtL bdf/, h'dvf]nf, afn'jf, ;fgf]wfd Joj;flos kz'kfng, b'w ;+sng,

k|zf]wg -8]/L_

@%

afv|f bdb'jfnL, xtL bdf/, h'dvf]nf, afn'jf, ;fgf]wfd Joj;flos afv|f kfng, vl;af]sf,


#)

a+u'/ bdb'jfnL, xtL bdf/, h'dvf]nf, afn'jf, ;fgf]wfd Joj;flos a+u'/ kfng, kf7fkf7L laqmL,

k|]m; xfp; ;+rfng

!%

s'v'/f bdb'jfnL, xtL bdf/, h'dvf]nf, afn'jf, ;fgf]wfd Joj;flos s'v'/f kfng, laqmL, k|]m;

xfp; ;+rfng

@)

^ ufO{, e}+;L xftL9'+uf, Hofld/], nfldt8f, l;/]gL, 88'gf,

hnhnf, sfkmng]6L, h'dvf]nf

Joj;flos kz'kfng, b'w ;+sng,

k|zf]wg -8]/L_

#)

afv|f xftL9'+uf, Hofld/], nfldt8f, l;/]gL, 88'gf,

hnhnf, sfkmng]6L, h'dvf]nf



@%

36

a+u'/ Hofld/], l;/]gL, h'dvf]nf Joj;flos a+u'/ kfng, kf7fkf7L laqmL,

k|]m; xfp; ;+rfng

#)

s'v'/f Hofld/], l;/]gL, h'dvf]nf Joj;flos s'v'/f kfng, laqmL, k|]m;

xfp; ;+rfng

#%

& e};L aft'No, /ofË, :jfdLaf; Joj;flos kz'kfng, b'w ;+sng,

k|zf]wg -8]/L_

!%

a+u'/ aft'No, /ofË, :jfdLaf; Joj;flos a+u'/ kfng, kf7fkf7L laqmL,

k|]m; xfp; ;+rfng

@%

s'v'/f aft'No, /ofË, :jfdLaf; Joj;flos s'v'/f kfng, laqmL, k|]m;

xfp; ;+rfng

!%

afv|f aft'No, /ofË, :jfdLaf; Joj;flos afv|f kfng, vl;af]sf,


@%

37

6]a'n (=# jg k}bfjf/ tyf vlghf cfwfl/t>f]t ;fwgsf] ;+efjgf / ;+efAo pBd cfFsng

jf8{

g+

Aoj;flos ?kdf pknAw

x'g;Sg] >f]t ;fwgsf] laa/0f

kfO{g] :yfgx? >[hgf ug{ ;lsg] ;+efAo pBdx? ;+efljt

;+Vof

! afF;, lgufnf] jf8{ g+ ! sf] ;a} al:t afF;sf ;fdfu|L / kmlg{r/ agfpg] %

sfpnf] jf8{ g+ ! sf] ;a} al:t sfpnf]sf] af]qmf af6 cu/aQL pBf]u

;+rfng

!%

lrp/L wDsg], y'Dsf, lgdf/], rf}/, 8fF8f;L vf]nf,

u}/f;L vf]nf, kft] 6fs'/f, lxa/], rf]y|], bns'/],

:ofs' lhpnf

dfx'/L kfng, lrp/Lsf] l3p agfpg] %)

;fn, ;fbg wDsg], y'Dsf, lgdf/], rf}/, 8fF8f;L vf]nf,


:ofs' lhpnf

b'gf 6k/L agfpg] @%

kmlg{r/ Joj;fo !

vf]6] ;Nnf wDsg], y'Dsf, lgdf/], rf}/, 8fF8f;L vf]nf,


:ofs' lhpnf

vf]6f] ;+sng !))

afn'jf, lu6L lkm/3f6, r+v]gL, kfyLxfNgf, :ofs' lhpnf,

bns'/], df];]vf]nf

6\jfOn]6sf] l/Ë agfpg], l;d]G6 Ans

agfpg]

!)

;]tf]df6f], r'gf kf]v/fsf] h'u] vf]nf ;]tf]df6f], r'gf ;+sng @

l;;f vfgL nIdL ;fd'bflos jg leq l;;f vfgL pTvgg\ !))

@ ;fn, ;fh, 6'lg, ;Nnf] cfbL ln+uf, u/u/], bx 6fs'/f, ;f]ln3f]K6f, lr;ft8f, b'gf 6k/L agfpg] @%

38

xNb], lgufn], s6la/, a8f9'+uf, 6f6g], PSn]a/,

leqL s}g]

kmlg{r/ Joj;fo !

vf]6f] ;+sng !))

lrp/L ln+uf, u/u/], bx 6fs'/f, ;f]ln3f]K6f, lr;ft8f,


leqL s}g]

dfx'/L kfng, lrp/Lsf] l3p agfpg] ^%

afF;, lgufnf] ln+uf, u/u/], bx 6fs'/f, ;f]ln3f]K6f, lr;ft8f,


leqL s}g]

afF;sf ;fdfu|L / kmlg{r/ agfpg] %

sfpnf] ln+uf, u/u/], bx 6fs'/f, ;f]ln3f]K6f, lr;ft8f,


leqL s}g]

sfpnf]sf] af]qmf af6 cu/aQL pBf]u

;+rfng

!%

l;:g' ln+uf, u/u/], bx 6fs'/f, ;f]ln3f]K6f, lr;ft8f,


leqL s}g]

l;:g' kfp8/ agfpg], Kofs]lhË, n]alnË !%

s'l/nf] ln+uf, u/u/], bx 6fs'/f, ;f]ln3f]K6f, lr;ft8f,


leqL s}g]

Joj;flos s'l/nf] v]lt, ;+sng, laqmL %

t]hkQf ln+uf, u/u/], bx 6fs'/f, ;f]ln3f]K6f, lr;ft8f,


leqL s}g]

t]hkQf ;+sng, d;nf agfpg], laqmL @%

39

l/7f ln+uf, u/u/], bx 6fs'/f, ;f]ln3f]K6f, lr;ft8f,


leqL s}g]

l/7f ;+sng, laqmL %

cdnf, x/f]{, a/f]{ lsr]g vf]nf, vGg]yfkf, sfnfvf]nf, kfvfkdgL,

sf]5§], af/fk'/, k}ofsfF9f, pkNnf] v}l/sfF9f

cdnf, x/f]{, a/f]{sf] lqkmnf agfpg],

crf/ agfpg] Joj;fo

@%

l6d'/ lsr]g vf]nf, vGg]yfkf, sfnfvf]nf, kfvfkdgL,

sf]5§], af/fk'/, k}ofsfF9f, pkNnf] v}l/sfF9f

l6d'/ ;+sng, laqmL !%

# afF; h's]gf, ;'lsbx, lsld/], kmfOnf afF;sf ;fdfu|L / kmlg{r/ agfpg] %

nfnLu'/fF; kmfOnf nfnLu'/fF;sf] h'; agfpg], n]alnË !%

l/7f, l6d'/ lsld/], ;'lsbx, kmfOnf, h's]gf l/7f l6d'/ ;+sng, laqmL !)

;fn /flhufFp, dhfp, 9f]/]gL, jNnf] rf}sL b'gf 6k/L agfpg]

kmlg{r/ Joj;fo

@%

!

afn'jf 9'+uf zf/bf / d]; glb If]q 6\jfOn]6sf] l/Ë agfpg], l;d]G6 Ans

agfpg]

!%

$ 6'lg, ;fn 7fs'/;Dd, tf]l/af/L b'gf 6k/L agfpg] @%

kmlg{r/ Joj;fo !

lrp/L, ch{'g lrp/Lt8f, tf]l/af/L, w}/]gL, 5'/rf}/, vf]N6kfgL,

3fd

dfx'/L kfng, lrp/Lsf] l3p agfpg] @%

t]hkQf lrp/Lt8f, tf]l/af/L, w}/]gL, 5'/rf}/, vf]N6kfgL,

3fd

t]hkQf ;+sng, laqmL %

40

l;:gf] lrp/Lt8f, tf]l/af/L, w}/]gL, 5'/rf}/, vf]N6kfgL,

3fd

l;:g' kfp8/ agfpg], Kofs]lhË, n]alnË %

afF;, lgufnf] jf8{sf ;a} al:tdf afF;sf ;fdfu|L / kmlg{r/ agfpg] !)

sf]Onf v}/]gL lkKn] sf]Onf vfgL pTvgg\ %)

tfdfvfgL lrpl/t8f tfdfvfgL pTvgg\ %)

% ;fn, l;;f}, c:gf, ch{'g sf7 ;fgf] ufFp, sfNr], afn'jf, bdb'jfnL, xtL

bdf/, h'dvf]nf, n]vufFp

b'gf 6kl/ agfpg] @%

kmlg{r/ Joj;fo !

lrp/L ;fgf] ufFp, sfNr], afn'jf, bdb'jfnL, xtL


dfx'/L kfng, lrp/Lsf] l3p agfpg] @%

l/7f, l;gsf}nL ;fgf] ufFp, sfNr], afn'jf, bdb'jfnL, xtL


l/7f, l;gsf}nL ;+sng, k|zf]wg / laqmL %

Cdnf ;fgf] ufFp, sfNr], afn'jf, bdb'jfnL, xtL


cdnfsf] l;D6f agfpg], crf/ agfpg] @%

l;:gf] ;fgf] ufFp, sfNr], afn'jf, bdb'jfnL, xtL


l;:g' kfp8/ agfpg], Kofs]lhË, n]alnË @%

afF; lgufnf] ;fgf] ufFp, sfNr], afn'jf, bdb'jfnL, xtL


afF;sf ;fdfu|L / kmlg{r/ agfpg] @

sfpnf] ;fgf] ufFp, sfNr], afn'jf, bdb'jfnL, xtL



;+rfng

!

s'l/nf] ;fgf] ufFp, sfNr], afn'jf, bdb'jfnL, xtL Joj;flos s'l/nf] v]lt, ;+sng, laqmL %

41


^ l6d'/, cn}rL, t]hkQf,

sl/nf], kfvga]b, l/7f

Hofld/], cf]vn9'+uf, 5/5/], vfn8fF8f, l;/]gL,

88'gf, hnhnf, sfkmng]6L

hl8a'6L ;+sng, k|zf]wg / laqmL ^)

sfpnf] Hofld/], cf]vn9'+uf, 5/5/], vfn8fF8f, l;/]gL,



;+rfng

!%

;fn Hofld/], cf]vn9'+uf, 5/5/], vfn8fF8f, l;/]gL,


b'gf 6k/L agfpg] Joj;fo

kmlg{r/ Joj;fo

@%

!

lrp/L xftL9'+uf,cf]vn9'+uf, hnhnf dfx'/L kfng, lrp/Lsf] l3p agfpg] !))

u'/fF; sfk|]rf}/, sfkmnu}/L, u'?Ë ufFp u'/fF;sf] h'; agfpg], n]alnË ug]{ !%

sf]Onf vfgL ;fn3f/L sf]Onf vfgL pTvgg\ @))

& ;fn, c:gf aft'No, :jfdLaf;, /ofË b'gf 6k/L agfpg] Joj;fo

kmlg{r/ Joj;fo

@%

!

lrp/L aft'No, :jfdLaf;, /ofË dfx'/L kfng, lrp/Lsf] l3p agfpg] $)

sfpnf] aft'No, :jfdLaf;, /ofË sfpnf]sf] af]qmf af6 cu/aQL pBf]u

;+rfng

!

l;:gf] aft'No, :jfdLaf;, /ofË l;:g' kfp8/ agfpg], Kofs]lhË, n]alnË !

agdf/f aft'No, :jfdLaf;, /ofË agdf/fsf] afof] la|s]6 agfpg] !)

42

6]a'n (=$ laz]if ;Lk tyf ;]jfdf cfwfl/t>f]t ;fwgsf] ;+efjgf / ;+efAo pBd cfFsng

jf8{

g+

Aoj;flos ?kdf pknAw

x'g;Sg] >f]t ;fwgsf] laa/0f

kfO{g] :yfgx? >[hgf ug{ ;lsg] ;+efAo pBdx? ;+efljt

;+Vof

! df]afOn, sDKo'6/ dd{t kf]v/f, lem/3f6, dnk'/], tf]tfafh afhf/ If]q df]afOn, sDKo'6/ dd{t tflnd, Joj;fo

;+rfng

$

afF;sf ;fdfu|L agfpg] nIdLk'/sf ;a} al:tdf afF;sf ;fdfu|L agfpg] Joj;fo @%

bfDnf] 8f]/L agfpg] rf]y|], aofn], sf]6, 8fË8'Ë] bfDnf] 8f]/L agfpg] / laqmL !%

l;nfO, s6fO{ / a'gfO{ nIdLk'/, kf]v/f l;nfO, s6fO{ / a'gfO{ P8efG; tflnd,

Joj;fo ;+rfng

@

8«fOe/ tflnd 9'Ë] s6]/L, kf]v/f 8«fOe/ tflnd %

l;sdL{, 8sdL{ ;a} al:tsf l;sdL{, 8sdL{ tflnd af6 cfTd lge{/ !%

@ l;nfO, s6fO{ / a'gfO{ jf8{sf ;a} al:t / ahf/ If]q l;nfO, s6fO{ / a'gfO{ P8efG; tflnd,

Joj;fo ;+rfng

%

df]6/ ;fOsn, uf8L dd{t jf8{sf ;a} al:t / ahf/ If]q df]6/ ;fOsn, uf8L dd{t js{zfk @

;}n'g jf8{sf ;a} al:t / ahf/ If]q ;}n'g Joj;fo ;+rfng %

Ao'l6 kfn{/ jf8{sf ;a} al:t / ahf/ If]q Ao'l6 kfn{/P8efG; tflnd / Joj;fo

;+rfng

#

l;sdL{, 8sdL{ jf8{sf ;a} al:t / ahf/ If]q l;sdL{, 8sdL{ tflnd af6 cfTd lge{/ !)

xfp; jfOl/Ë jf8{sf ;a} al:t / ahf/ If]q xfp; jfOl/Ë P8efG; tflnd / Joj;fo

;+rfng

%

43

af]jfOn, /]l8of], 38L dd{t jf8{sf ;a} al:t / ahf/ If]q af]jfOn, /]l8of], 38L dd{t #

;'grfFbL agfpg] jf8{sf ;a} al:t / ahf/ If]q ;'grfFbL agfpg] Joj;fo !

dfbn agfpg] jf8{sf ;a} al:t / ahf/ If]q dfbn agfpg] P8efG; tflnd / Joj;fo

;+rfng

!

cf/g jf8{sf ;a} al:t / ahf/ If]q l;nfO, s6fO{ / a'gfO{ P8efG; tflnd,

Joj;fo ;+rfng

%

k~r}afhf agfpg] / ahfpg] jf8{sf ;a} al:t / ahf/ If]q k~r}afhf agfpg] / ahfpg] P8efG;

tflnd / Joj;flos ?kdf ;+:s[ltsf]

;+/If0f

!#

# l;nfO, s6fO{, a'gfO ;a} al:t / ahf/ If]qx?df l;nfO, s6fO{ / a'gfO{ P8efG; tflnd,

Joj;fo ;+rfng

%

l;sdL{, 8sdL{ ;a} al:t / ahf/ If]qx?df l;sdL{, 8sdL{ tflnd af6 cfTd lge{/ !)

xfp; jfOl/Ë ;a} al:t / ahf/ If]qx?df xfp; jfOl/Ë P8efG; tflnd / Joj;fo

;+rfng

%

df]afOn dd{t ;a} al:t / ahf/ If]qx?df df]afOn dd{t P8efG; tflnd /

Joj;fo ;+rfng

@

df]6/;fOsn, uf8L dd{t ;a} al:t / ahf/ If]qx?df df]6/;fOsn, uf8L dd{t js{szk

;+rfng

!

;}n'g ;a} al:t / ahf/ If]qx?df ;}n'g tflnd / Joj;fo ;+rfng #

Jo6Lkfn{/ ;a} al:t / ahf/ If]qx?df Jo6Lkfn{/ P8efG; tflnd / Joj;fo $

44

;+rfng

h'Qf l;nfpg] ;a} al:t / ahf/ If]qx?df h'Qf l;nfpg] Joj;fo %

cf/g ;a} al:t / ahf/ If]qx?df l;nfO, s6fO{ / a'gfO{ P8efG; tflnd,

Joj;fo ;+rfng

!)

dfbn, 7]sL agfpg] ;a} al:t / ahf/ If]qx?df dfbn, 7]sL agfpg]Joj;fo %

d'lt{ agfpg] ;a} al:t / ahf/ If]qx?df d'lt{ agfpg] Joj;fo @

r'/f dfnf ;a} al:t / ahf/ If]qx?df r'/f dfnf agfpg] Joj;fo @%

$ ;'grfFbL agfpg] l8d'/], v}/]gL ;'grfFbL agfpg] Joj;fo #

cf/g l8d'/], v}/]gL, v}l/vf]nf, Hofld/] l;nfO, s6fO{ / a'gfO{ P8efG; tflnd,

Joj;fo ;+rfng

!%

l;nfO s6fO, a'gfO{ l8d'/], v}/]gL, v}l/vf]nf, Hofld/] l;nfO, s6fO{ / a'gfO{ P8efG; tflnd,

Joj;fo ;+rfng

#

l;sdL{, 8sdL{ jf8{sf ;a} al:tdf l;sdL{, 8sdL{ tflnd af6 cfTd lge{/ !)

% l;nfO s6fO, a'gfO{ ;fgf] ufFp, sfNr], afn'jf, bdb'jfnL, xtL bdf/,

h'dvf]nf, n]vufFp

l;nfO, s6fO{ / a'gfO{ P8efG; tflnd,

Joj;fo ;+rfng

$

l;sdL{, 8sdL{ ;fgf] ufFp, sfNr], afn'jf, bdb'jfnL, xtL bdf/,

h'dvf]nf, n]vufFp

l;sdL{, 8sdL{ tflnd af6 cfTd lge{/ %

;}n'g ;fgf] ufFp, sfNr], afn'jf, bdb'jfnL, xtL bdf/,

h'dvf]nf, n]vufFp

;}n'g tflnd, Joj;fo ;+rfng !

Jol6kfn{/ ;fgf] ufFp, sfNr], afn'jf, bdb'jfnL, xtL bdf/, Jol6kfn{/ P8efG; tflnd, Joj;fo !

45

h'dvf]nf, n]vufFp ;+rfng

xfp; jfOl/Ë ;fgf] ufFp, sfNr], afn'jf, bdb'jfnL, xtL bdf/,

h'dvf]nf, n]vufFp

xfp; jfOl/Ë P8efG; tflnd, Joj;fo

;+rfng

%

df]afOn, 3l8 dd{t ;fgf] ufFp, sfNr], afn'jf, bdb'jfnL, xtL bdf/,

h'dvf]nf, n]vufFp

df]afOn, 3l8 dd{t P8efG; tflnd,

Joj;fo ;+rfng

@

h'; agfpg] cldnf] ;fgf] ufFp, sfNr], afn'jf, bdb'jfnL, xtL bdf/,

h'dvf]nf, n]vufFp

h'; agfpg] !

^ l;nfO s6fO, a'gfO{ xftL9'+uf, hf]uLnf];], sfkmng]6L, l;/]gL l;nfO, s6fO{ / a'gfO{ P8efG; tflnd,

Joj;fo ;+rfng

#

afF;sf] ;fdfu|L agfpg] xftL9'+uf, hf]uLnf];], sfkmng]6L, l;/]gL afF;sf] ;fdfu|L agfpg] Joj;fo #

cf/g xftL9'+uf, hf]uLnf];], sfkmng]6L, l;/]gL l;nfO, s6fO{ / a'gfO{ P8efG; tflnd,

Joj;fo ;+rfng

!%

dfbn agfpg] xftL9'+uf, hf]uLnf];], sfkmng]6L, l;/]gL dfbn agfpg] Joj;fo, ;+:s[ltsf] ;+/If0f !)

k~r]afhf agfpg], ahfpg] xftL9'+uf, hf]uLnf];], sfkmng]6L, l;/]gL k~r]afhf agfpg], ahfpg] !)

v'b|f Jofkf/ nfldt8f, hnhnf, l;/]gL v'b|f Jofkf/ %

l;sdL{, 8sdL{ nfldt8f, hnhnf, l;/]gL l;sdL{, 8sdL{ P8efG; tflnd, !)

& l;nfO s6fO, a'gfO{ aft'No,/ofË, :jfdLaf;, 3'Oofaf/L l;nfO, s6fO{ / a'gfO{ P8efG; tflnd,

Joj;fo ;+rfng

%

afF;sf] ;fdfu|L agfpg] aft'No,/ofË, :jfdLaf;, 3'Oofaf/L afF;sf] ;fdfu|L agfpg] @

cf/g aft'No,/ofË, :jfdLaf;, 3'Oofaf/L cf/gsf] :t/f]GgtL ug]{ / ;fd'lxs !)

46

Joj;fo

dfbn agfpg] aft'No,/ofË, :jfdLaf;, 3'Oofaf/L dfbn agfpg] Joj;fo %

l;sdL{, 8sdL{ aft'No,/ofË, :jfdLaf;, 3'Oofaf/L l;sdL{, 8sdL{ tflnd af6 cfTd lge{/ !)

6]a'n (=% Wfld{s tyf ko{6sLo :yndf cfwfl/t>f]t ;fwgsf] ;+efjgf / ;+efAo pBd cfFsng

jf8{

g+

Aoj;flos ?kdf pknAw

x'g;Sg] >f]t ;fwgsf]

laa/0f

7fFp÷al:t >[hgf ug{ ;lsg] ;+efAo pBdx? ;+efljt ;+Vof

! lqv'§]Zj/L dfxb]a dlGb/ nIdLk'/ lqv'§]Zj/L dfxb]a dlGb/df k'ik Joj;fo, k"hf

;fdfu|L k;n, vfhf gf:tf, xf]6n Joj;fo

!)

sf]6 sdfnfIf eujtL

dlGb/

nIdLk'/ sf]6 sdfnfIf eujtL dlGb/df k'ik Joj;fo, k"hf


%

u'Dkmfb]aL dlGb/ lem/3f6, nIdLk'/ sf]6 sdfnfIf eujtL dlGb/df k'ik Joj;fo, k"hf


$

gofFb]aL ko{6g :yn d';]vf]nf gofFb]aL ko{6g :yndf ko{6g Joj;fo, 6'l/i6

ufO8, v'b|f k;n, vfhf gf:tf xf]6n Joj;fo

%

a]nfrf}/ u'kmf nIdLk'/ uf]ktf vf]nf a]nfrf}/ u'kmfdf ko{6g Joj;fo, 6'l/i6 ufO8, v'b|f

k;n, vfhf gf:tf xf]6n Joj;fo

%

@ v8sb]aL dlGb/ xNb] v8sb]aL dlGb/df k'ik Joj;fo, k"hf ;fdfu|L

k;n, vfhf gf:tf, xf]6n Joj;fo

%

l;au'kmf 6f6s] l;au'kmf u'kmfdf ko{6g Joj;fo, 6'l/i6 ufO8, v'b|f %

47


gjb'uf{ ejfgL efg 6fs'/L k'ik Joj;fo, k"hf ;fdfu|L k;n, vfhf gf:tf,

xf]6n Joj;fo

%

# u+ufdfnf tyf lza dlGb/ /flhufFp k'ik Joj;fo, k"hf ;fdfu|L k;n, vfhf gf:tf,

xf]6n Joj;fo

%

s5'jf bx Dhfp s5'jf bx ko{6g Joj;fo, 6'l/i6 ufO8, v'b|f k;n,

vfhf gf:tf xf]6n Joj;fo

%

sf]6 8fF8f dlGb/ k'/fgf] ufFp k'ik Joj;fo, k"hf ;fdfu|L k;n, vfhf gf:tf,

xf]6n Joj;fo

%

sflndf6L d]nf If]q dhf] sflndf6L d]nf If]q ko{6g Joj;fo, 6'l/i6 ufO8,

v'b|f k;n, vfhf gf:tf xf]6n Joj;fo

%

5fq] 5x/f kmfOnf 5fq] 5x/f ko{6g Joj;fo, 6'l/i6 ufO8, v'b|f


%

$ kb]/f 5x/f, lza dlGb/,

tfd] 5x/f, v}/]gL d]nf

w'/rf}/, l;p/L tf8f, v}/]gL k'ik Joj;fo, k"hf ;fdfu|L k;n, vfhf gf:tf,

xf]6n Joj;fo

!)

% lza dlGb/ lqa]0fL bdb'jfnL, afn'jf, sfNr], ;fgf]wfd k'ik Joj;fo, k"hf ;fdfu|L k;n, vfhf gf:tf,

xf]6n Joj;fo

%

;fgf]wfd /x/f bdb'jfnL, afn'jf, sfNr], ;fgf]wfd ;fgf]wfd /x/f ko{6g Joj;fo, 6'l/i6 ufO8, v'b|f


%

l;Dn] 5x/f bdb'jfnL, afn'jf, sfNr], ;fgf]wfd l;Dn] 5x/f ko{6g Joj;fo, 6'l/i6 ufO8, v'b|f %

48


^ rd]/] u'kmf h'dvf]nfsf] ;fu'/] rd]/] u'kmf ko{6g Joj;fo, 6'l/i6 ufO8, v'b|f


%

8r'nL 8fF8f 8r'nL 8r'nL 8fF8f ko{6g Joj;fo, 6'l/i6 ufO8, v'b|f


%

lza dlGb/ e};L bdf/ k'ik Joj;fo, k"hf ;fdfu|L k;n, vfhf gf:tf,

xf]6n Joj;fo

%

& aaO glbdf /ofkm\l6Ë aaO glb aaO glbdf /\oflkm\6Ë Joj;fo, v'b|f k;n, vfhf

gf:tf xf]6n Joj;fo

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lza dlGb/ 3'Oofaf/L k'ik Joj;fo, k"hf ;fdfu|L k;n, vfhf gf:tf,

xf]6n Joj;fo

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3'Oofaf/L k'n 3'Oofaf/L 3'Oofaf/L k'n ko{6g Joj;fo, 6'l/i6 ufO8, v'b|f


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49

#=$ pBd ljsf;sf r'gf}tLtyf ;dZof laZn]if0fM

o; ufpF tyf ufFpknlnsfdf pBd ljsf;sf] nflu k|z:t ;Defjgf5 / ljleGg ;]jf k|bfosx? af6

pBd ljsf;sf k|of;x? e}/x]sf klg 5g\ . olt x'bfx'b} klg pBd ljsf;sf nflu lgDg cg';f/sf

r'gf}ltx? tyf ;dZox? b]lvPsf 5gM

#=$=! r'gf}tLx?M

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bft[ lgsfo tyf u}=;=;=x?n] sfo{qmd cg';f/sf km/s km/s sfof{Gjog ug]{ gLlt /x]sf] 5

h:t} s[lif, kz', jg, dlxnf afnaflnsf, ul/lj lgjf/0f sf]if h:tfsf nlIft ;d"x ;dfg

ePtfklg plgx?sf] pBd ljsf;df ul/g] ultljwL km/s ul/Psfsf 5g . h;/L d]8]k df]8ndf

^ j6f ljleGg r/0fdf Joj;fo ljsf;df ;xof]u ul/G5 eg] sltkon] Pp6f b'O{6f r/0fdf dfq

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nufgL d}qL jftfa/0f gx'g' h:tf] ;aeGbf ul/anfO{ ;aeGbf rsf]{ Aofh, ;+:yfut vl/bdf !)

k|ltzt dxuf] ePtfklg :yfgLo pTkfbgnfO{ k|fyldstf lbg] k|fjwg x'bfx'b} klg sfof{Gjog

gx'g' .

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ePsf ;|f]t ;fwgnfO{ pBd d}qL gjgfOg' .

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:yfgLo ;LknfO{ klxrfg / k|f]T;fxg ug]{ jftfj/0f gx'g' .

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ckof{Kt ;Lk / cw'/f] 1fg

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n3'pBdLsf pTkfbgsf] /fd|f];+u jhf/ Joj:yf gx'g' / pBldnfO{ ahf/sf] af/]df 1fgsf] sld

:yflgo >f]t / ;fwgdf cfwfl/t pBd :yfkgf gx'g'

b]vfl;vLdf Ps} k|sf/sf pBd :yfkgf ul/g' / km/s tl/sfn] g;f]Rg'

pBd :yfkgfsf nfuL cK7\of/f sfg"gL k|fawfg

k/Dk/fut ;Lkdf cfwfl/t k]zf ;Ddflgt gx'g' / ;f] k]zfnfO{ cfw'lglss/0f ug]{tkm{ Wog glbg'

pBd ljsf;df sfd ug]{ ;]jf k|bfosx? :yfO{ gx'g'

50

pBldn] pBdnfO{ lg/Gt/tf glbg'

u'0f:tl/o / k|lt:kwL{ pTkfbg gx'g'

ahf/sf] dfu cg';f/sf] pTkfbg gx'g'

dflg;df pBdzLntf ;+:sf/sf] ljsf; gx'g'

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gof k|ljlw ;xh ?kdf pknAw gx'g' .

9'jfgLsf] ;d:of .

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cfjZostf af/]

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51

n3' pBd

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52

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53

v08 – $cfufdL % aif{sf] /0fgLlts of]hgf

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ljsf;f]Gd'v d'n's g]kfnsf] cfly{s ljsf;sf nflu pNn]vgLo of]ubfg k'¥ofpg ;Sg] ;DefJotf /x]sf

g]kfnL pBf]ux¿sf] ljsf; / k|j4{g cfhsf] ckl/xfo{ cfjZostf xf] . g]kfn ;/sf/sf] t]x|f}+ of]hgf -

cfly{s jif{ @)&)÷&!–@)&@÷_ n] klg lj=;+= @)&( -;g\ @)@@_ leq g]kfnnfO{ cNk ljsl;t d'n's

af6 ljsf;zLn /fi6«df :t/f]Gglt ug]{ bL3{sfnLg ;f]r /fvL b]zdf JofKt cfly{s tyf dfgjLo ul/aL

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lgof{t k|j4{g / cfoft k|lt:yfkgdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] vfnsf j:t'x¿sf] b]zleq} u'0f:t/Lo pTkfbg ug]{

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ci6«]lnog P8sf] ;xof]u k|fKt 5 .

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ahf/Ls/0f, pko'Qmk|ljlw, j:t' ljljwLs/0f, u'0f:t/ lgoGq0f Pj+ cfjZosJofj;flos k/fdz{h:tf

If]qx? ;d]l6Psf] o; cjwf/0ffnfO{ PsLs[t n3' pBdljsf;sf] df]8]n -d]8 df]8]n_ elgPsf] 5 . o;

sfo{qmdsf] ;kmntfkZrft

pbd ljsf; /0fgllts of]hgf sflndf6luffpkflnsf, ;nofg …...8 $=% cfufdl % aif{sf] p2]zo (objective)m...

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