patterns of growth, economic history, 1 lade 1 patterns of growth: latecomers
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Patterns of Growth, Economic History, 1 LADE
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PATTERNS OF GROWTH:
LATECOMERS
Patterns of Growth, Economic History, 1 LADE
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Laggard countries common features
(Mediterranean countries, Russia, Asian South-East)
Failure to industrialize before 1914 Autocratic and corrupt
governments Low levels of human capital Lack of Agrarian Reform
Patterns of Growth, Economic History, 1 LADE
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The Italian Case North-South
gradient Foreign Aid Large Banks State Iniciative
Map of Italian Kingdom
in year 1870
Patterns of Growth, Economic History, 1 LADE
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1854-6: Crimean War
1. Feudalism until 18612. Protectionism: ISI (Imports Substitution Industrialization)3. State Intervention (Railways)4. Foreign investment5. Firm concentration and bureaucratization
1890-1905: Acceleration (Railway)
1867-73: First effort
1861: Serf emancipation
1904-5: Russo-Japanese war
1905: First Soviet Revolution
1906: Stolypin Reform
1907-14: Final phase (Banks)
1917: Second Soviet Revolution (Lenin)
Russian CasePeriodification
Features
Patterns of Growth, Economic History, 1 LADE
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1854-6: Crimean War
1. Feudalism until 18612. Protectionism: ISI (Imports Substitution Industrialization)3. State Intervention (Railways)4. Foreign investment5. Firm concentration and bureaucratization
1890-1905: Acceleration (Railway)
1867-73: First effort
1861: Serf emancipation
1904-5: Russo-Japanese war
1905: First Soviet Revolution
1906: Stolypin Reform
1907-14: Final phase (Banks)
1917: Second Soviet Revolution (Lenin)
Russian CasePeriodification
Features
Patterns of Growth, Economic History, 1 LADE
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Russian Railway
Train Journey through Siberia in 1901 (from Moscu to
Vladivostok) in Transiberian and from Bukhara to Caspian Sea
through Central Asia (Transcapian)
* 1836: First Line* 1856: After Crimean War, in a rush* 1870: Russian Great Railway Company* Boom 1890-1900: Transiberian and Transcaspian Line
Patterns of Growth, Economic History, 1 LADE
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- Late Feudalism
- Protectionism
- Militarism and Interventionism
- Export-oriented Industrialiation (EOI)
- Duality: Large Firms (Zaibatsu or Zaikais)/
Small traditional firms
- Social Dumping
- Business paternalism and Toyotism
Shogun Kingdom: Tokugawa (1600-1868)
Meiji Revolution (1868-1912)
Japanese Case
Features
Tokugawa Yoshinobu, last shōgun Tokugawa, 1866-1867
Periodification
Patterns of Growth, Economic History, 1 LADE
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Toyotism
1. Automation2. Just-in-time3. Team Work4. Management-by-stress
5. Subcontracting pyramid6. Participative management 7. Low wages, long working days, less social protection 8. Struggle for the global hegemony
Patterns of Growth, Economic History, 1 LADE
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Characteristics (latin pattern)
Periodification
Spanish attempt
XIXth centuryStagnation (1800-60); Slow growth (1860-1900)
XXth centuryFast Growth (1900-30); Depression (1930-50);
Growth (1950)
- Low literacy rates- Slow demographic growth- Chronic deficits and authoritarianism- Agrarian retardment: “Desamortización”