patofis neoplasma muskulo
DESCRIPTION
nursingTRANSCRIPT
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PATOFISIOLOGI SISTEM MUSKULOSKELETAL
Nursiswati
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TULANG
Tulang mbntuk rangka penunjang dan pelindung bagi tbh dan tempat u/ mlekatkn otot-otot yg mgerakkan kerangka tbh.
Ruang di tengah-tengah tulang ttt berisi jaringan hematopoetik.
Mrp tempat primer u/ mnyimpan & m’atur kalsium & fosfat.
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Mrp jar dinamis t’diri dr 3 sel :Osteoblas: mbangun tlg dg mbtk
kolagen tipe 1 & proteoglikan sbg matriks tlg atau jar osteoid mel proses osifikasi.– Ketika sdg aktif mbtk osteoid,
osteoblas msekresi sejml besar fosfatase Alkali yg bperan dl mengendapkan calsium & fosfat ke dl matriks tlg.
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Osteosit : adl sel2 tlg dewasa yg b’tindak sbg suatu lintasan u/ ptukaran kimiawi mel tlg yg padat.
Osteoklas : adl sel2 besar berinti banyak yg memungkinkn mineral & matriks tlg dpt diabsorbsi.–Mengikis tlg dg mhslkn enzim2
proteolitik yg memrcahkn matriks & bbrp asam yg mlarutkn mineral tlg, shg kalsium & fosfat tlepas ke dl aliran drh.
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KEGANASAN ST MUSKULOSKELETAL
OSTEOSARCOMA
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In the United States, the incidence of osteosarcoma is 400 cases per year (4.8 per million population <20 y).15 The overall 5-year survival rate for patients diagnosed between 1974 and 1994 was 63% (59% for males, 70% for females).
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Osteosarcoma is the most common type of malignant bone cancer, accounting for 35% of primary bone malignancies. There is a preference for the metaphyseal region of tubular long bones.
50% of cases occur around the knee. It is a malignant connective (soft) tissue tumor whose neoplastic cells present osteoblastic differentiation and form tumoral bone.
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The causes of osteosarcoma are not known.
Questions remain about whether radium, or fluoride, in drinking water can act as "environmental triggers" for increasing the incidence of the disease.[citation needed] A low selenium or Vitamin D3 level or a high level of inflammation, as measured by interleukin-6, interleukin-8, or Nf-kB,
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Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha may have a significant role as tumor suppressors and tumor initiators respectively.
Recent studies show that an increased level of c-Fos can lead to osteosarcoma.
since c-Fos is ubiquitous in its over expression it can not only increase the osteoblast resulting in the symptoms of osteosarcoma.
Therefore it is recently believed that a biological effect that may cause osteosarcoma is an error in the molecular pathway that controls c-Fos, causing an overexpression with no other counter stimuli to stop over production
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The exact cause of osteosarcoma is unknown. However, a number of risk factors are apparent, as follows
Rapid bone growth: Rapid bone growth appears to predispose persons to osteosarcoma, as suggested by the increased incidence during the adolescent growth spurt, the high incidence among large-breed dogs (eg, Great Dane, St. Bernard, German shepherd), and osteosarcoma's typical location in the metaphyseal area adjacent to the growth plate (physis) of long bones.
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Environmental factors: The only known environmental risk factor is exposure to radiation. Radiation-induced osteosarcoma is a form of secondary osteosarcoma and is not discussed further in this article.
Genetic predisposition: Bone dysplasias, including Paget disease, fibrous dysplasia, enchondromatosis, and hereditary multiple exostoses and retinoblastoma (germ-line form) are risk factors.
The combination of constitutional mutation of the RB gene (germline retinoblastoma) and radiation therapy is associated with a particularly high risk of developing osteosarcoma, Li-Fraumeni syndrome (germline p53 mutation), and Rothmund-Thomson syndrome (autosomal recessive association of congenital bone defects, hair and skin dysplasias, hypogonadism, and cataracts).
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JENIS SARKOMA: OSTEOSARKOMA. KONDROSARKOMA, SARKOMA EWING
Osteosarcoma SUNBURSTChondrosarcoma PERIFER ATAU
SENTRAL, ro: PENGAPURANSarcoma ewing sumsum tulang
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GIANT CELL TUMOR
STROMA VASKULER DAN SELULER
TUMOR JINAK, NAMUN MEMILIKI BBRP DERAJAT KEGANASAN
PD JENIS YG GANAS, TUMOR INI MJD ANAPILAKTIK DG DAERAH2 NEKROSIS &PERDARAHAN
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SERING PD DEWASA MUDA>> PD WANITACENDERUNG KAMBUHTERSERING: UJUNG2 TLG
PANJANG, TERUTAMA LUTUT & UJUNG BWH RADIUS
GEJALA PLG SRG: NYERI DISERTAI KETERBATASAN GERAKAN SENDI DAN KELEMAHAN
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OSTEOMA
MRP LESI TULANG YG DITANDAI O PERTUMBUHAN TLG YG ABNORMAL
JINAKTDK NYERIPD RO: OSTEOMA perifer
TAMAPAK SBG RADIOPAK YG MELUAS DR PERMUKAAN TLG
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OSTEOMA SENTRAL TAMPAK SBG SUATU MASSA SKLEROTIK BERBATAS TEGAS DI DL TULANG
INTERVENSI: EKSISI SBG DIAGNOSTIK
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KONDROBLASTOMA
JARANGPD ANAK LAKI2 REMAJAPD EPIFISISSERING: HUMERUSGEJALA: NYERI SENDIPEMBEDAHAN
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