Patient Care

Human diversity, patient interactions, history taking1

Patient Care Part I and II

• Human Diversity• Patient Interactions• Patient History taking• Infection control • Aseptic Technique• Vital Signs• Medical Emergencies

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Terminology

• Diversity• Gerontology• Pertinent• Cultural• Empathy• Demeanor• Objective• Subjective• Open-ended• Aseptic technique• Patient history

• Vital signs• Localizations• Chronology• Allleviating factors• Associated manifestations• Maslow’s hierarchy• Therapeutic• Dissonance• Paralanguage• palpation

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Human DiversityHuman Diversity

• Differences in human beings• Include many

characteristics• Not limited to

any one

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Types of Diversity

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Human Genome Project 2001-every human has 99.9% of the same genetic code indicating that all humans have the same genetic ancestor, originating in Africa

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Cultural Diversity and Health Care

It is because we are different that each of us is special.

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Cultural Diversity and Health Care

• We All Have It!• Obvious Manifestations:

• Religion• Ethnicity (Race?)• National Origin (language)• Gender

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Gerontology

• The study of aging and diseases of the elderly.

• By the end of the 20th century 33 million, more than 12% of total population.

• In 1900 only 4%, of population

Patient InteractionsPatient Interactions

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1.1. IntroductionIntroduction

2.2. Explanation of exam Explanation of exam

3.3. Inform patient how they will Inform patient how they will receive their resultsreceive their results

4.4. Get pertinent patient historyGet pertinent patient history

5.5. Risks of examination Risks of examination

Patient Communication

1. Interacting with the patient

2. Interacting with family and friends

3. Methods of Effective Communication

4. Age as a factor in Patient Interactions

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Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

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Patient Dignity

1. Patients are usually in the lower levels of Maslow’s Hierarchy

2. Must always be remembered and respected

3. Difficult to maintain dignity when ill

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Patient Communication

• Therapeutic • Dissonance

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Methods of Communication

1.1. VerbalVerbal

2.2. HumorHumor

3.3. ParalanguageParalanguage

4.4. Body LanguageBody Language

5.5. Touch (Palpation)Touch (Palpation)

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Verbal Communication Verbal Communication

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____________

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Paralanguage

• Defines all of the audio information in a conversation beyond word choice

• Simply listening to someone’s voice, even if you can’t make out the words, conveys their emotional state

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Body Language20

Touch and PalpationTouch and Palpation

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Patient History Taking

1. Extract as much history as possible for the exam.

2. Radiologists often do not even speak with the patient.

3. Radiologist can be focus on anatomy of interest

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Pertinent Patient History

1.1. RespectRespect

2.2. GenuinenessGenuineness

3.3. EmpathyEmpathy

4.4. PolitePolite

5.5. Professional Professional demeanordemeanor

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Data Collection

1.1. ObjectiveObjective: Signs that can be seen

2.2. SubjectiveSubjective: Perceived by the affected individual

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Questioning Skills

1. Open-ended questions

2. Facilitation – encourages pt to elaborate

3. Silence – give pt time to remember

4. Probing questions – focus interview, provide more information

5. Repetition – rewording, clarifies info

6. Summarization – verifies accuracy

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Sacred SevenSacred Seven

1.1. LocalizationLocalization2.2. ChronologyChronology3.3. QualityQuality4.4. SeveritySeverity5.5. OnsetOnset6.6. Aggravating or Alleviating Aggravating or Alleviating

FactorsFactors7.7. Associated ManifestationsAssociated Manifestations

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You never know what you are going to get…

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