pathways to carbon capture - möglichkeiten der co...

Pathways to Carbon Capture -Möglichkeiten der CO2-Abscheidung

Dr. Michael WeinholdCTO Siemens Energy SectorHannover, 22. April, 2008

Michael Weinhold – Hannover, 22. April 2008 Copyright © Siemens AG

Global mega-trends driving increasing demand for

electric power - fossil fuels continue to dominate

� Population growth:

8.3 bn in 2030 (+1.7 bn)

� Power consumption:+3.5% p.a. in emerging regions vs. 1.3%

in developed world

� Urbanization/Megacities (>10 million):

15 new cities in 2015

Worldwide electricity generation

2%16%

15%

6%

21%

40%

19

8%

15%

13%

3%

22%

39%

34

2030

OtherRenewables

Hydro

Nuclear

Coal

2.5%/a

Oil

Natural Gas

Fossil Fuels= 64%

2006 Source siemensPG GS

PWh


Technology is a key lever to combating climate change

1) GHG: Greenhouse gas

Source: Kaya Identity; Siemens

CO2 eEmissions

PopulationGDP /

PopulationEnergy /

GDPCO2e / Energy

X X X=

Demo-graphy

Wealth Emission1)Effi-

ciency

Difficult to influenceInfluenceable with

technological innovations

Innovative solutions for reduction of CO2 emissions

Efficient energy generation

�Highly efficient gas and steam turbines�Carbon capture and storage (CCS) for

coal fired power plants�Coal-to-gas shift

Switch to renewables

�Wind�Biomass�Solar

Efficient energy transmission �High-voltage DC transmission systems

Efficient energy consumption

�Building technology measures�Energy saving lighting �E-Cars

Holistic optimization

�Smart Grids�Heat pumps replacing oil burners

�E-Cars

Difficult to influence

Behavior


Eco-friendly solutions (examples)

Low-CO2 power plants (CCS)

Wind powerEfficient gas

turbines

Low-energylighting systems

Industrial energyefficiency

Broad-based Siemens portfolio with a high CO2

reduction potential

Energy efficiencyfor buildings

HVDC Power Transmission

Energy-savinghouseholdappliances

Energy-savingdrive systems

Traffice guidancesystems


Efficiency1992: 36 %2006: 43 %2020 target: >50 %*

Efficiency1992: 42 %2006: 47 %2020 target: > 50 %

∆ CO2Basis-16%

>-28%

∆ CO2Basis

-11%>-16%

Niederaußem, 965 MW

Reference STPP NRW,600 MW

43% 47%

Irsching 4 plant530 MW

Hard coal-fired

steam power plant

Lignite-fired

steam power plant

Development of efficiency and corresponding reduction of CO2 emissions

Siemens Energy fossil-based technology is setting efficiency standards worldwide

* Using lignite pre-drying technology

Combined cycle

power plant, H class

> 60%

Efficiency1992: 52 % 2010: > 60 %2020 target: > 62 %

∆ CO2

Basis-10%

>-13%


The three technology pathways for CCS

GasificationSyngas cleaning

CO shiftCO2 capture

CO2

Fuel

O2

Combined Cycle

with H2 turbine

Conventional SPP Flue gas cleaningCoal

AirCO2 capture

Conventional PP with CO2 wash

CO2

O2

Combustion(steam generator)

CO2Coal

recycling

Flue gascleaning

Condensation

ST Cycle G

CO2 / H2O

Indirect Oxyfuel(Working medium steam, conventional)

CO2 Capture before Combustion (Pre-combustion)

CO22 Capture after Combustion (Post-combustion)

Integrated CO2 Capture (Indirect Oxyfuel)

Research needs

Conventional


IGCC / Pre-combustion carbon capture

� Gasification technology with multifuel capability for new power plants

� Technology “ready for implementation”

� Alternative route for chemical / fuel production, hydrogen economy

� Mastering higher technological and contractual complexity with “Siemens phased project execution offer”

Post-combustion carbon capture

� Scalable market introduction, Demoplants withslipstreams, minimize upgrade risk in process trains

� Enhancement potential for solvents, scrubbing process and for integration into the power plants

� Worldwide development activities with different solvents and related processes under way

� For retrofit and new coal-fired power plants

Siemens preferred solutions for CO2 capture

Siemens Fuel Gasifier Siemens IGCC in Puertollano (E) Siemens scrubbing process test lab

Preliminary Post combustion carbon capture plant design

Post-combustion capture technology joined development E.ON and Siemens


IGCC has the potential to be the most innovative andeconomical CO2-free coal power plant solution.

Process 1

Highly efficient and clean (low NOx, SO2, particulates, Hg)

Process 2CO2 separation and storage

Global Drivers – IGCC technology for highly efficient, clean power generation

Coal GasificationGas cleanup

CO2 storage

CO Shift

CO2 separationH2

Syngas

Combined cycle power plant

Syngas

EOR CO2 injection

CO2


Existing Coal-Based IGCC Power Plants

253 MW (net), startup 01/94

298 MW (net), startup 12/97

-253 MW (net), startup 01/94

Buggenum (Netherlands)

262 MW (net), startup 10/95

Wabash River (Indiana/USA)


Puertollano (Spain)


Polk Power (Florida/USA)

Siemens was involved in all European coalSiemens was involved in all European coal--based IGCC plantsbased IGCC plants


Post-combustion capture -Integration into Power plant lay-out (w/o stack)

Absorber

column(s)

Desorber column(s)

Solvent heat

exchangers


Cooler

/Lean Rich Heat Exchanger

Flue Gas from

FGD Plant

Blower

Decarbonized

Gas to Stack

Reboiler

MP/LP Crossover

Steam Extraction

Condensate

Preheating

Sequestration> 100 bar

Cooler

Str

ipp

CO2 for

er

Scru

bbe

r

Technical basis of Post-combustion capture ∆η-net losses of SPP with CO2-Scrubbing – Castor Project (MEA)

High CO2 - desorption energy of the solvent requires a huge heat

demand in the reboiler of the stripper

-0,5 % pts

-3,0 % pts

-6,8 % pts-0,8 % pts

Total -11,1 % pts

� Heating up solvent� Desorption of CO2� Evaporation of

reflux water

50oC

2 bar120oC

compressorwith intercooling


Our process shows major advantages

Cooler

/Lean Rich Heat Exchanger

Flue Gas from

FGD Plant

Blower

DecarbonizedGas to Stack

Reboiler

MP/LP Crossover

Steam Extraction

Condensate

Preheating

Sequestration> 100 bar

Cooler

Reduction in energy consumption through modification of process,

development of novel process components, integration into power plant

Str

ipp

CO2 for

er

Scru

bbe

r

Low energy

demand

No solvent

slip

No solvent

slipLow degradation

(O2)

Environmentally harmless

High absorption rate

Siemens CO2

compressor

solutions


Siemens your Partner,from Process Development to Implementation of Projects

Combining the know-how and experiences out of the Power Generation, Chemical Processing and Oil & Gas Industries

� is leading to state-of-the-art carbon capture technologies and derived concepts for the integration thereof into the power plants

� is providing a solid basis for the implementation of the projects


Technology options for tomorrow’s low-emission and secure power mix

Intermediate-load/peak-load for load leveling

Gas-fired combined

cycle power plants:

� High efficiency

� Low emissions

� Fast startup

Privileged feed-in of renewables

Renewables:

� Wind power

� Solar thermal power

� Other

Low-emission base-load

� Coal-fired power plants:

� Nuclear power plants

� Hydro power plants

� Clean, high-efficiency STPP

� IGCC pre-combustion capture

� Post-combustion capture for retrofitting and new plants


Energy trading

A holistic approach is required foran efficient integrated energy system

Power flow

reversal Fluctuating infeed

Cooling units

€(t)

Heat pumpsPlug-in Hybrids


Technology push

� R&D funding for key technologies

� Funding for full-scale demo projects

� Fair risk sharing between suppliers, operators and the public

Market pull

� Reliable long-term investment incentives

� Global perspectives for equipment suppliers

Legal basis and acceptance

� Legislation for geological storage

� Public relations in an open dialogue

� Cooperation of politics, industry, NGOs

1 32

Climate protection is feasible; three forces are needed to realize a sustainable energy supply

Key messages - Climate protection

Only through joint forces of politics, power sector and industry

climate protection can become reality

Thank you for your kind attention.

Dr. Michael WeinholdCTO Siemens Energy SectorHannover, 22. April, 2008

pathways to carbon capture - möglichkeiten der co...

Documents