pathophysiology (risk factors & symptoms)

8/20/2019 Pathophysiology (Risk Factors & Symptoms)

1/20


2/20

Risk Factors

PREDISPOSING FACTORS: A predip!ing "a#$!r i!%e$hing inheren$ in an !rgani% $ha$ %ay lead $! a

pr!ble%. &N!$ M!di"iable'

PRECIPITATING FACTORS: A pre#ipi$a$ing "a#$!r i $he$hing $ha$ $rigger $he predip!i$i!n. &M!di"iable'


3/20

PREDISPOSING FACTORS

(.Age).Gender

*.Ra#e+.Gene$i#


4/20

Age (Youg Chil!re a!Ol!er People"

• A#$ual: NOT PRESENT

• Ra$i!nale: ,y%ph n!de enlarge%en$ e#!ndary $!

in"e#$i!n are #!%%!nly een in y!ung #hildren and

Older pe!ple in#e i%%a$ure i%%une y$e% are le

adep$ a$ "igh$ing !" in"e#$i!n.


5/20

Ge!er (#ale"

• A#$ual: Preen$

• Ra$i!nale: O-erall $he ri/ !" n!n01!dg/in ly%ph!%a i

higher in %en $han in 2!%en bu$ $here are #er$ain $ype

!" n!n01!dg/in ly%ph!%a $ha$ are %!re #!%%!n in

2!%en. The rea!n "!r $hi are n!$ /n!2n.


6/20

Race


• Ra$i!nale: 3hi$e are %!re li/ely $han A"ri#an A%eri#an

and Aian A%eri#an $! de-el!p ly%ph!%a. 3!rld2ide

ly%ph!%a i %!re #!%%!n in de-el!ped #!un$rie 2i$h

$he 4ni$ed S$a$e and Eur!pe ha-ing $he highe$ ra$e.


7/20

Geetic


• Ra$i!nale: Al%!$ e-ery #an#er $ype ha been h!2n $!

run in "a%ilie. Thi %ay be due $! gene$i# hared

en-ir!n%en$ #ul$ural !r li"e$yle "a#$!r !r #han#e

al!ne. Gene$i# "a#$!r play a r!le in #an#er #ell

de-el!p%en$. Abn!r%al #hr!%!!%al pa$$ern and#an#er ha-e been a!#ia$ed 2i$h e5$ra #hr!%!!%e $!!

"e2 #hr!%!!%e !r $ranl!#a$ed #hr!%!!%e.


8/20

Geetic cotiuatio$

• Ra$i!nale: Spe#i"i# #an#er 2i$h underlying gene$i#

abn!r%ali$ie in#lude 6ur/i$$ ly%ph!%a #hr!ni#

%yel!gen!u leu/e%ia %eningi!%a a#u$e leu/e%iare$in!bla$!%a 3il% $u%!r and /in #an#er in#luding

%alignan$ %elan!%a. Addi$i!nally $here are yndr!%e $ha$

repreen$ a #lu$er !" #an#er $ha$ are iden$i"ied by a pe#i"i#

gene$i# al$era$i!n $ha$ i inheri$ed a#r! genera$i!n !" a

"a%ily. In $hee "a%ilie $he a!#ia$ed gene$i# %u$a$i!n i

"!und in all #ell and repreen$ an inheri$ed u#ep$ibili$y $!

#an#er "!r all "a%ily %e%ber 2h! #arry $he %u$a$i!n


9/20

Precipitatig Factors

(. ,y%pha$i# Ob$ru#$i!n

). In"e#$i!n !r 1i$!ry !" In"e#$i!n

*. ,y%ph!%a


10/20

%y&phatic O'structio


• Ra$i!nale: ,y%pha$i# !b$ru#$i!n i due $! a bl!#/age !r

pr!l!nged #!%prei!n !" $he ly%ph n!de !r ly%pha$i#

-eel. Caue in#lude $u%!r urgery and #hr!ni#

in"e#$i!n. O"$en $he ly%pha$i# -eel draining a2ay

"r!% an in"e#$i!n i$e %ay be#!%e in"e#$ed $he%el-e&ly%phangi$i' &Anand )778'.A""e#$ed -eel are

uually dila$ed and #!n$ain %any in"la%%a$!ry #ell.


11/20

Iectio

•

A#$ual: PRESENT• Ra$i!nale: Thi in"la%%a$i!n !" a ly%ph n!de !r n!de i

#!%%!nly een in ba#$erial in"e#$i!n par$i#ularly

he%!ly$i# $rep$!#!##i and $aphyl!#!##i. I$ !##ai!nally

!##ur a a reul$ !" -iral in"e#$i!n u#h a $he Ep$ein0

6arr -iru 2hi#h #aue glandular "e-er !r be#aue !"

yea$ !r parai$i# in"e#$i!n.


12/20

Iectio cotiuatio$

•

,y%phadeni$i %ay be y$e%i# &a""e#$ing large nu%ber!" n!de $hr!ugh!u$ $he b!dy' !r re$ri#$ed $! n!de #l!e

$! a 2!und !r a p!!l !" in"e#$i!n u#h a an ab#e.

In"la%%a$i!n #!%%!nly e5$end in$! $he neighb!ring

ly%pha$i# -eel &ly%phangi$i' and i !"$en

a##!%panied by a "e-er.


13/20

Iectio cotiuatio$

•

,y%phadeni$i i #hara#$eri9ed by $ender 2!llen and palpable ly%ph n!de. O##ai!nally in"la%%a$i!n 2i$hin

a gr!up !" n!de %ay be ! pr!%inen$ $ha$ $he !-erlying

/in %ay be red and h!$ $! $he $!u#h. The #!ndi$i!n i

!"$en %ar/ed by red line #!rrep!nding $! $he p!i$i!n

!" $he a""e#$ed ly%pha$i# -eel and $he a""e#$ed n!de

and -eel are e5$re%ely pain"ul !n palpa$i!n.


14/20

%y&pho&a


• Ra$i!nale: ,y%ph!%a are #an#er $ha$ !rigina$e in $he

ly%ph!#y$e 2hen n!r%al ly%ph!id $iue i repla#ed by

abn!r%al rapidly di-iding #ell !" ly%ph!id !rigin. Thi

reul$ in $he "!r%a$i!n !" !lid $u%!r !" $he ly%ph

n!de. The $u%!r appear "ir% i%%!-able and painle

in #!n$ra$ $! ly%ph n!de enlarge%en$ #aued byin"e#$i!n 2hi#h !"$en preen$ a a %!-able $ender

lu%p. ,y%ph!%a are #lai"ied a ei$her 1!dg/in !r

n!n01!dg/in.


15/20

Sy&pto&atlogy

(. S2!llen ,y%ph Gland

). Pain

*. Fe-er

+. Fa$igue

;. Diaph!rei


16/20

S)olle %y&ph Gla!s

• A#$ual: PRESENT

• Ra$i!nale: The ly%ph n!de &


17/20

Pai

• A#$ual: PRESENT

• Ra$i!nale: 3hen a ly%ph n!de rapidly in#reae in i9e

i$ #apule $re$#he and #aue pain. Pain i uually $he

reul$ !" an in"la%%a$!ry pr!#e !r uppura$i!n bu$

pain %ay al! reul$ "r!% he%!rrhage in$! $he ne#r!$i#

#en$er !" a %alignan$ n!de. The preen#e !r aben#e !"$enderne d!e n!$ reliably di""eren$ia$e benign "r!%

%alignan$ n!de.


18/20

Fe*er

• A#$ual: PRESENT

• Ra$i!nale: Fe-er i a reul$ !" $he !ng!ing in"la%%a$!ry

rep!ne again$ $he in"e#$i!n e5perien#ed by $he pa$ien$.

Fe-er %ay reul$ "r!% an i%balan#e be$2een $he eli%ina$i!n

and $he pr!du#$i!n !" $he hea$. In"e#$i!n neur!l!gi# dieae

%alignan#y perni#i!u ane%ia $hr!%b!e%b!li# dieae

par!5y%al $a#hy#ardia #!nge$i-e hear$ "ailure #ruhingin>ury e-ere $rau%a and %any drug %ay #aue "e-er. The

#!ure !" "e-er -arie in $he #aue and #!ndi$i!n !" $he

pa$ien$ and $he $rea$%en$ gi-en.


19/20

Fatigue

• A#$ual: PRESENT

• Ra$i!nale: In general %!$ #ae !" "a$igue %ay be

a$$ribu$ed $! pr!ble% in $hree area: li"e$yle "a#$!r

%edi#al #!ndi$i!n !r py#h!l!gi#al pr!ble%. Fa$igue i

n!$ a dieae? i$ i >u$ %erely a y%p$!% !" a dieae.


20/20

Diaphoresis


• Ra$i!nale: The e#re$i!n !" 2ea$ epe#ially $he pr!"ue

e#re$i!n a!#ia$ed 2i$h an ele-a$ed b!dy $e%pera$ure

phyi#al e5er$i!n e5p!ure $! hea$ and %en$al !"

e%!$i!nal $re

pathophysiology (risk factors & symptoms)

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