pathology of kidney and the urinary tract
DESCRIPTION
Pathology of Kidney and the Urinary tract. Dr. Amar C. Al- Rikabi Dr. Hala Kassouf Kfoury. Normal Kidney, Congenital and Cystic Renal Diseases and Acute Renal Failure. Lecture -1:. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Pathology of Pathology of Kidney and Kidney and the Urinary the Urinary tract tract
Dr. Amar C. Al-RikabiDr. Hala Kassouf Kfoury
Normal Kidney, Congenital Normal Kidney, Congenital and Cystic Renal Diseases and Cystic Renal Diseases and Acute Renal Failure and Acute Renal Failure
Lecture -1:
This paraffin embedded 2µm section illustrates a normal glomerulus with normal vascular pole with minimal periglomerular interstitial fibrosis and surrounding intact tubules
This glomerulus shows only minimal abnormalities by electron microscopy, with rare Vacuoles and blebs in the podocytes.
Bisected kidney shows a less severe form of CRD with multiple cysts and focally a significant degree of disorganization of parenchymal architecture.
Autosomal recessive (infantile) polycystic disease (ARPKD). Elongated streaks represent dilated tubules.
Cut surface of ADPKD showing variable-size, irregular cysts with no recognizable intervening normal parenchyma. Most cysts contain clear fluid and the pelvis is distorted.
Histology of ADPKD shows a single glomerulus alongside several cysts
Late stage of ADPKD showing greatly enlarged renal profiles due to innumerable cysts of varying size replacing the renal parenchyma.
Acute renal failure is a syndrome defined by a sudden loss of renal function over several hours to several days.
Mayo Clin Proc. 2001;76:67-74
RPGN (Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis) is a syndrome defined by the rapid loss of renal function over days to weeks due to acute glomerulonephritis.
Etiology of ARF
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10
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60
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Prerenal Intrarenal Obstruct Idiopath
Outpatient
Inpatient
The Pathophysiology of ARF
Acute renal failure
Prerenal Postrenal FactitiousIntrarenal
Vascular InterstitialTubularGlomerular
Ischemia
Pigments
Toxins
JASN 1998;9(4):710-718
ACUTE RENAL FAILURE
I. Acute tubular necrosis (ATN)
A. Clinically, rapid deterioration in renal function usually, but not always associated with oliguria.
B. Many different kidney diseases may present with acute renal failure although ATN is the most common cause by far.
C. Conditions associated with ATN1. Shock2. Sepsis3. Incompatible blood transfusions4. Burns5. Crush injury6. Drugs
ATN :
Acute tubular necrosis
Kidney in acute tubular necrosis (ATN) showing pale, swollen cortex and congested medulla.
Elongated, stretched out, regenerating proximal tubular lining cells encompass the necrotic epithelium.
Acute Kidney Injury Conclusion : 1- Specify the cause of the acute kidney
injury