pathogenic and opportunistic cocci. classification, biological properties. staphylococci,...
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Pathogenic and Pathogenic and opportunistic cocci. opportunistic cocci.
Classification, biological Classification, biological properties. Staphylococci, properties. Staphylococci,
streptococci, gonococci and streptococci, gonococci and meningococci.meningococci.
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StaphylococcusStaphylococcusClassification
• Family – Micrococcaceae• Genus – Staphylococcus• Species:1. S. aureus 2. S. epidermidis3. S. saprophyticus
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Staphylococci in the pure Staphylococci in the pure culture and in the pus smearsculture and in the pus smears
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CultureCulture• They grow readily on ordinary
culture media• The optimal temperature being
370C and pH 7,4-7,6• They are aerobes and facultative
anaerobes• Culture media: nutrient agar,
blood agar, salt media
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Differentiation of the S.aureus Differentiation of the S.aureus from opportunistsfrom opportunists
Hemolysis appearance on the blood agar DNAase activity (on the top)
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Differentiation of the staphylococciDifferentiation of the staphylococci
Coagulase activity (test is positive for S.aureus)
Novobiocin disk test to differentiate S.saprophyticus (left) and S.epidermidis (right)
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PathogenesisPathogenesis• Staphylococcal diseases may be
classified as 1. Cutaneous infections 2. Deep infections3. Food poisoning4. Nosocomial infections (hospital
infections)5. Skin exfoliative disease
(staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome)
6. Toxic shock syndrome
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Laboratory diagnosisLaboratory diagnosis• Direct microscopy• Culture.
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The characteristics help to The characteristics help to distinguish the pathogenic strains distinguish the pathogenic strains
from non-pathogenic strainsfrom non-pathogenic strains
• Beta type of haemolysis on blood agar• Production of a golden yellow pigment• Coagulase production• Mannitol fermentation• Gelatin liquefaction• Phosphatase production• Production of enzyme deoxyribonuclease• Tellurite reduction
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ProphylaxisProphylaxis• General prophylaxis.
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Staphylococcus aureusStaphylococcus aureus
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StreptococcusStreptococcusClassifications:
A. Due to type of hemolysisB. Lancefield´s classification (serological)C. Due to phylogenetic relationship
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Different types of hemolysisDifferent types of hemolysis
Α -Hemolysis
Β-Hemolysis
Γ-Hemolysis
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S.pyogenes (smears from S.pyogenes (smears from the agar culture(on the left) and the agar culture(on the left) and
sugar broth (on the right) sugar broth (on the right)
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S.pneumoniae (smears from the S.pneumoniae (smears from the pure culture and from the sputum)pure culture and from the sputum)
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CultureCulture• aerobes and facultative anaerobes• media containing blood, serum or sugars.
•
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Laboratory diagnosisLaboratory diagnosis• Suppurative infections :
microscopy and pure culture isolation
• Non-suppurative sequelae: serology
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Streptococcus pyogenesStreptococcus pyogenes
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NeisseriaNeisseria• Classification
• Family - Neisseriaceae• Genus – Neisseria• Species:1.N. meningitidis 2.N. gonorrhoeae
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N. meningitidis in the smears from N. meningitidis in the smears from the pure culture and clinical samplethe pure culture and clinical sample
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CultureCulture• They are strict aerobes.• The optimum temperature and pH
for growth are 35-360C and 7,4-7,6 respectively.
• Growth occurs in media enriched with blood, serum or ascitic fluid.
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Antigenic classificationAntigenic classification
•N. meningitidis has been divided into 13 serogroups
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Laboratory diagnosisLaboratory diagnosis• Direct microscopy • Antigen detection • Culture. • Serology • Polymerase chain reaction.
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ProphylaxisProphylaxis•Chemoprophylaxis• Immunoprophylaxis.
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Neisseria meningitidisNeisseria meningitidis
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N. gonorrhoeaeN. gonorrhoeae
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Laboratory diagnosisLaboratory diagnosis
• Direct microscopy.• Culture.• Serology