past forms. alexeeva, bogomaz, inozemtzev
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English grammar. Past
Made by Bogomaz N, Inozemtzev D. and
Alexeeva A. ЛБ1-11-40,КОБ1-09-01
Aspects of past time
• Past simple• Past progressive• Past perfect• Past perfect progressive
Verbs
Regular and irregular
Spelling of endings –ed
Forming of the past simple
Affirmation Negation Question
RegularSubject +
Ved
I loved.
Subject + didn’t* +
V1
I didn’t love.
I didn’t feel.
Did + subject +
V1
Did you love?
Did you feel?
IrregularSubject +
V2
I felt.
* didn’t = did not
Using of the past simpleFor • actions which happened at a definite or stated time in
the past.e.g. They graduated four years ago.
• actions which happened repeatedly in the past but don’t happen any more.e.g. He often played football with his dad when he was five.
• actions which happened immediately one after the other in the past.e.g. He left the hotel, took a taxi and drove to the station.
• talking about people who are no longer alive.e.g. Princess Diana visited a lot of schools.
Using of used to
• To talk about past habits or things that do not happen any more.Peter used to eat a lot of sweets.
• We can use the past simple instead of used to with no difference in meaning.She used to live in the countryside.= She lived in the countryside.
Forming of the past progressive
Affirmation Negation Question
I, he, she, it
Subject + was + Ving
I was studying.
Subject + wasn’t* + Ving
I wasn’t studying.
Was + subject + Ving
Was he studying?
We, you, they
Subject + were + Ving
We were studying.
Subject + weren’t* + Ving
We weren’t studying.
Were + subject + Ving
Were we studying?
* wasn’t = was not* weren’t = were not
Using of the past progressiveFor • actions which were in progress at a stated time in the past.
e.g. Yesterday afternoon they were washing the dog.• past actions which were in progress, when another action
interrupted it.e.g. He was reading a newspaper when his wife came.
• two or more actions which were happening at the same time in the past.e.g. The people were watching while the cowboy was riding the bull.
• giving the background information in a story.e.g.The sun was shining and the birds were singing.
Forming of the past perfect
Affirmation Negation Question
Regular
Subject +had + Ved
I had finished.
Subject + hadn’t* +
Ved
I hadn’t finished.
Had + subject +
Ved
Had you finished?
IrregularSubject + had
+ V2
I had left.
Subject + hadn’t* + V2
I hadn’t left.
Had + subject + V2
Had you left?
* hadn’t = had not
Using of the past perfectFor • an action which happened in the past before
another action.e.g.They had done their homework before they went out to play.
• an action which happened before a stated time in the past.e.g. She had watered all the flowers by five o’clock in the afternoon.
• the past equivalent of the present perfect.e.g. Jill wasn’t at home. She had gone out.Jill isn’t at home. She has gone out.
Forming of the past perfect progressive
Affirmation Negation Question
Subject + had been +
Ving
I had been studying.
Subject + hadn’t* been
+ Ving
I hadn’t been studying.
Had + subject +
been + Ving
Had you been
studying?* hadn’t = had not
Using of the past perfect progressive
For• putting emphasis on the duration of an
action which started and finished in the past.e.g. He had been waiting for the bus for half an hour before it came.
• showing the result of an action which happened in the past for some time was evident in the past.e.g. She was tired. She had been working hard all day.
Сheck yourself
• http://www.native-english.ru/exercises/past• http://english-4life.com.ua/uprajnenie/contin
uea9.html• http://www.tolearnenglish.com/exercises/exe
rcise-english-2/exercise-english-64718.php• http://www.eslgold.com/grammar/simple_pas
t.html• http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises_li
st/zeitformen.htm
Resource• Jenny Dooley, Virginia Evans. Grammarway2 (with
answers)//Express Publishing. 2000.