"past and planned pige applications at the ruđer bošković institute in zagreb" iva...
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"Past and planned PIGE applications at the Ruđer Bošković Institute in Zagreb"
Iva Bogdanović RadovićLaboratory for Ion Beam Interactions
Ruđer Bošković InstituteZagreb, Croatia
dr. Milko Jakšićdr. Zdravko Siketićdr. Tonči TadićIvana Zamboni, BSc
• Institute Ruđer Bošković accelerator facility
• Research areas
• Past PIGE & NRA applications
• PIGE for aerosol analysis
Outline
Institute Ruđer Boškovićaccelerator facility
Alphatross
SputteringDuoplasmatron
Nuclearmicroprobe
H.R. PIXE
Nuclear reactions
H.R. ERDA
PIXERBS
EN Tandem Van de GraaffTandetron
External beam
RBI AcceleratorFacility
S1
S2
M1
M2
M3
D1D2 Q1
tQ2
Q3
QM
DM
E1E2
HV
F1F2
F3
F3
tQ1 tS2 tM2
tM3
S3
tM1
F1tS1
tE1 tL1
tHV
tS1
Air pollution beam line
Dual beam chamber
Research areas
RBS/PIXE/PIGE IAEA beam line
Air pollution beam line
TC IAEA Project CRO8008: „Upgrades of nuclear analysis techniques for air pollution monitoring”
• Simultaneous implantation of two ions
• Simultaneous irradiation & analysis
Couple of weeks ago first test RBS channeling spectra!
Dual beam chamber
Heavy ion microprobe with quintuplet focusing • Up to ME/q2=20 MeV, minimum spot size 300 nm• All IBA techniques (PIXE, RBS, NRA, ERDA, STIM, IBIC)• Unique features (IEE ERDA, coincident scatt., hit detection,
tomography,...)
300 nmHeavy ion microprobe
Example: Apoxiomenos
D. Mudronja et al. J. Arch. Sci. 2010
Cultural heritage applications-external & microbeam
T1T2
particle
detector
x,y,z,manipulator
L=52,3 cm
chamber forthin film analysis
TOF spectrometer at 37.5°, Ω = 0.11 msr, Δt = 170 ps
Thin film analysis usingTOF-ERDA
20 nm AlN/TiN multilayer
25 MeV I
Alsurface
Tisurface
N
surface
Inner shell - X-rays- 1st systematic study of chemical effects in Kβ2,5 and Kβ’’ x-ray lines in PIXE of transition metals (Ti, V completed, Cr, Mn in progress)
Ti
V
Fazinić et al. Phys.Rev.A, 2006/9phD thesis, Luka Mandić (Uni Ri.)
Study of chemical effects by HR-PIXE
Non-Rutherford cross sections (p,p), (,) IAEA CRP project ‘Development of the cross section data base’
I.Bogdanović Radović et al. J.Appl. Phys 2009
Non-Rutherford cross sections
ERDA CS 1H(7Li,1H)7Li
Z. Siketić et al., NIM B229 (2005) 180 – 186
10 100 1000 10000 1000000.01
0.1
1
10
100
1000
10000
Ene
rgy
loss
(eV
/nm
)Energy (keV)
(dE)(dx)el(dE)
(dx)nucl
protons
(dE)(dx)nucl
(dE)(dx)el
Cl ions
Ion beam modification
M. Karlušić et al. New. J. Phys. 2010
Effects of heavy ion irradiation at nanometer scales
5.3 keV/nm (13 MeV I)
7.2 keV/nm (18 MeV I)
11.3 keV/nm (23 MeV I)
21 keV/nm (92 MeV Xe)
25 keV/nm (700 MeV Xe)
Calculations: two temperature model; melting temperature 2353 K; electron-phonon coupling...; result - 12.5 keV/nm
- SrTiO3
- iodine beam- E = 6.5, 13, 18, 23, 28 MeV - φ=1.30
- AFM
Energy threshold for nanodot creation in grazing incidence irr.M. Karlušić, M. Schleberger, et.al
a) as-deposited- novisible clustering
CS TEM
b) after irradiation-Clustering of Ge atoms and ordering along irradiation direction
(c) (d)
c) and d) after 1 h annealing in vacuum - transformationof Ge-density fluctuation into well separated Ge QDs
QD r = 3.3 ± 0.2 nm- spherical
Generation of an ordered Ge QD array in an a-SiO2 3 MeV O ions
Past PIGE & NRA applications
Use of XRF, PIXE and PIGE for characterization of coal and coal ash samples, both on thick and thin samples
O. Valković et al, NIM B69 (1992) 479
X-ray and γ-ray spectroscopy of coal and coal ash samples
A. Caridi et al., NIMB66 (1992)298
PIGE for Li, C, F, Na, Mg, Al and Si
28Si(p,p’γ)Eγ=1779 keV 12Ci(p,p’γ)
Eγ=4439 keV
Thick target yields were measured for:
19F(p,p’γ)19F Eγ = 197 keV Ep= 2.3 – 3.3 MeV
23Na(p,p’γ)23Na Eγ = 440 keV Ep=2.3 – 3.5 MeV
23Na(p,αγ)23Na Eγ = 1634 keV Ep=2.3 – 3.5 MeV
28Si(p,p’γ)28Si Eγ = 1779 keV Ep=2.8 – 5.0 MeV
HPGe
sample
50 µm Kapton
4 MeV p- large solid angle!- multiple scattering in the exit foil (spot size - 80 x 80 μm2)
- linear scans of the cross sections of PVdF/HFP samples
- I < 100 pA damage!
19F (p, p’γ) 19F, Eγ = 197 keV
7Li (p, p’γ) 7Li, Eγ = 478 keV
External microbeam PIGE of Li and F distribution ingel polymer batteries
20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 1200
50
100
150
200
250
Liimide 4 Li478 F197
Yiel
d
Channels
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 1200
50
100
150
200
Libeti 2 Li478 F197
Yie
ld
Channels
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 1200
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Libeti 3 Li478 F197
Yiel
d
Channels
Li γ-ray - distribution of Li+ ions within the gel polymerF γ-ray - homogeneity of the gel polymer
HPGe
sample
4 MeV p
Si(Li)
-sample: gel polymer interfaces with Li-anode and spinel (LiMn2O4)-cathode- in vacuum analysis
Microbeam PIGE and PIXE mapping of Li and F distribution in gel polymer batteries
Li - PIGE
F - PIGE
Mn - PIXE
T. Tadić, NIMB 161-163 (2000) 614T. Tadić, NIMB 181 (2001)404
Microbeam NRA and PIXE on multilayer films designed for optical applications
Cladding: SiO2 (B?) (PECVD)Core: SiO2:B2O3:GeO2 (flame hydrolisis)Buffer thermal SiO2
Si WaferX-ray detector
particle detector
-PIXE for Si and Ge determination-NRA for B 11B(p,)8Be-0.9 MeV protons
Samples- Minimum detection limits for 2000 seconds measuring time was about 0.3 at. %. for boron.
O (RBS)
Si (RBS)
Ge (RBS)
B (NRA)
particle spectrumprotons, 0.9 MeV11B(p,)8Be
x-ray spectrumprotons, 0.9 MeV
Ge K
Ge LSi K
SILICON
BORON
A B C
B (NRA)
Si (PIXE)
Ge (PIXE)
Full horizontal scale ~ 90 m
Use of (d,p) reactions for determination of O in WOx films
16O(d,p)17O0.85 MeV d mylar =12.8 mstandard 6.85·1017 O on Ta
p1
p0
p1
12C(d,p)13C C from the surface
sample WOx with 9.7·1016 O
CO/CW varying from 0.02 to 0.15, established correlation between pressure and O concentration
Planned PIGE applications
HPGe @ 135°20%, 2 keV @ 1.33 MeV
SB detector @ 165°
beam
FC
SB detector @ 45°
Si(Li) detector @ 150° forhigher energy x-rays 80 mm2, 155 eV @ 5.9 keV
SDD x-ray detector forlow energy X-rays20 mm2, 135 eV @ 5.9 keV
Use of PIGE in the analysis of aerosol samples
PIGE for analysis of light elements for new air pollution beam line
Li, B, F, Mg, Na, Al
- γ-ray absorption negligible but γ-ray cross sections strongly depends on Ep
- energy loss of p in the aerosol sample depends on particle size and isFor PM10 and 2 MeV protons ≤ 150 keV - it is important to find regions in the cross section where excitation function is nearly constant
- yield measurements for elements where no data are available around 2 MeV
- Micromatter standards
10B
11B
19F Eγ=197 keV
23Na E=440 keV
24Mg
25Mg
27Al 27Al(p,p’γ)27Al (Eγ = 843 and 1013 keV)
What is the applicability of using PIGE with 2 MeV protons?
- measurements of PIGE differential cross sections for light elements.
- for that purpose, thin targets evaporated on self supporting C foils will be used
- for the normalization purposes, thin Au layer will be evaporated on the top of the target- measurements will be done together with RBS measurements at 165°
PIGE CRP