passive house: concept and application for dwellings

Passiefhuis-Platform vzwThe REFLEX for passive & low energy building

Gitschotellei 138 – B-2600 BerchemKBC 733-0106722-52

T +32 (0)3 235 02 81F +32 (0)3 271 03 59

http:// www.passiefhuisplatform.be@ [email protected]

Green Building – Passive House Leonardo ENERGY, December 20th, 2005

Civ. Eng.-arch. Erwin MLECNIK

Passiefhuis-Platform vzw - PHPGitschotellei 138, B-2600 BerchemBelgiumwww.passiefhuisplatform.bewww.maisonpassive.bewww.passivehouse.be


Outline

• The Passive House Concept– Definition– Comparison– Principles

• Examples– New dwellings – Renovation– Office buildings

• European view and market development


Welcome to Belgium: the Heart of Europe3rd BeneluxPassive HouseSymposiumAalst, Belgium21.10.2005

-Passive HouseTechnology

ForumAalst, Belgium22.10.2005

-Passive HouseExperience23.10.2005Flanders, Belgium


• The term ‘passive house’ refers to a specificconstruction standard for buildings with goodcomfort conditions during winter and summer, without the need for a traditional heating system

What is a ‘passive house’? (popular version)


• The design heat load is limited to the load that canbe transported by the minimum required ventilationair

What is a ‘passive house’? (scientific)

ventilation with

heat recovery

fresh air exhaust air

supply airextract air

thermal insulation heat

collectingwindows

airtightness


0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Passive house

Spec

ific

heat

dem

and

[kW

h/m

².a]

Heating Sanitary hot water Ventilation Household equipment

➊ specific heat demand for space heating< 15 kWh/m².a

➋ the total energy demand< 42 kWh/m².a;< 120 kWhprim/m².a

• The term ‘passive house’(‘passiefhuis’, ‘maison passive’, ‘passivhaus’) refers to a construction standard:

What is a ‘passive house’? (scientific)


0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Existing housing New constructions Low energy houses Passive houses

Spec

ific

ener

gyd

eam

nd[k

Wh/

m².a

]

heating Sanitary hot water ventilation Household equipment

-75%

-85%

What is a ‘passive house’? (comparison)


0 10 20 30 40 50 60

[€]

Specific energy demand for space heating [kWh/m².an]

Tunn

el e

ffect

in c

osta

naly

sis

Total cost Investment in EE

Passive houseconstruction standard

Low energy building

Energy cost

What is a ‘passive house’? (comparison)


investment

Ener

gysa

ving

s

0

Angle = cost-efficiency

3

4

2

1’

1

5’

5

What is a ‘passive house’? (principles)


• Maximum insulation• Required values U (k)• Required without cold bridges

• Airtight construction• Pass a blower-door test

• Rational use of the sun• Required g-values for glazing

• Comfort ventilation• Required % heat exchange

• Energy efficient household equipment• Renewable energy sources

What is a ‘passive house’? (principles)


What is a ‘passive house’? (requirements)

6. Cost reduction Building team CommissioningBuilding systems

Measure/ solution Passive House standard1. Super InsulationInsulation walls U ≤ 0,15 W/m 2KInsulation roof U ≤ 0,15 W/m 2KInsulation floor U ≤ 0,15 W/m 2KWindow casing U ≤ 0,8 W/m 2KWindow glazing U ≤ 0,8 W/m 2KDoorsThermal bridges linear heat coeff ψ ≤ 0,01W/mKAir tightness η50 ≤ 0,6 h -1Minimal Shape Factor (Area TFA/ Volume TV)2. Heat Recovery/ IAQ Ventilation counter flowair to air heat exchanger

heat recovery ηHR ≥ 75 %

Ventilation air sub-soil heat exchangerFresh air ≥ 8 °CVentilation ducts insulated Other heat recovery (e.g. ventila-tion & DHW return pipes)DHW heat recoveryDHW pipes insulated

Minimal space heatingPost heater ventilation air,low temperature heating

Efficient small capacity heating system

Biomass, heat pump, gas, co -generation (e.g. district heating), etc.

Air Quality through ventilation rate min. 0,4 ach -1 or 30 m 3/pers/hor national regulation if higher

3. Passive (Solar) GainWindow glazing solar energy transmittance g ≥ 50 %DHW (solar) heaterThermal mass within envelopeSolar orientationNight -time shuttersShading factor [%] (East & West)

4. Electric EfficiencyEnergy labeled householdappliances [Labeling A - G] Energy reduction 50% of

common practiceHot water connections washing ma-chines/ dishwashersCompact Fluorescent lightingRegular maintenance ventilation filtersDirect Current motor ventilationEfficient fans: SFP (Specific Fan Power)

≤ 0,45 W/(m3/h) (transported air)

5. On -site RenewablesWind turbinePhoto VoltaicsSolar thermal energyBiomass systemOther

Measure/ solution Passive House standard

= basic measure/ solution= often applied optional measure/ solution= other optional measure/ solution


• 2002

Examples (new dwellings)

Architect: E. Hoeckx, photo: D. Andelhofs


• 2005

Passive house projects in Belgium• Certified projects: 7• Projects under construction: ±33• Total: ±40

• habitats: 34• service buildings: 6

(2 schools, 2 office buildings, 2 education centers)



Examples (certified dwellings)

2004

2005Arch.: denc!-studio, photo: PHP

Arch.: FDA, photo: PHP

Arch.: E. Ubachs, photo: G.De bruyn

Arch.: C. Debrabander, photo: PHP

Arch.: denc!-studio, photo: PHPArch.: E. Ubachs, photo: PHPArch.: G. Sabbe, photo: PHP


• 1. Passive House Heusden-Destelbergen• Fam. Baert-Camerlynck, Arch. Bart Cobbaert, denc!-studio• Kris Baert, Cenergie cvba; Geert Abts, De Noordboom cv; J.E. Stork ventilatoren NV

• Urban row house 4 personsTreated floor area 113,6 m2 Average ceiling height 2.40 m



• Architecture (denc!-studio)

Passive House Heusden-Destelbergen


• Construction (B. Cobbaert, denc!-studio; G. Abts)



• Construction (B. Cobbaert, denc!-studio; G. Abts; isoproC)


Air tightness Gent Passive House n50 = 0.6 h-1 Air tightness typical Belgium n50 = 7,8 h-1




Thermal insulation Gent Passive

House Typical House Belgium

Envelope component Facade 0,15 0,45

Roof 0,094 0,25-0,30 Floor 0,194 0,42-0,45 Doors 0,79 3,5

Window frame

0,66 2,4

Windows 0,7 /Triple Pane 1,6 /Dual Pane

U-value [W/m2K]

Wall below ground level

1,4



Exterior walls


Materials (out in) Thickness [cm] Wooden plate / Vent.air cavity

0.8 / 3.8

Wood skeleton/mineral wool 14 Mineral wool 10 Wood skeleton/mineral wool 8.9 PE foil, gypsum board 1.2

OSB 1.5



Floors


Ground floor Materials (out in) Thickness [cm] Reinforced concrete 11 EPS insulation 16 Concrete 8



Roof


Materials (out in) Thickness [cm] EPDM 0.05 Mineral wool in inclination 1,5 cm/m

Min. 8

OSB 1.5 Mineral wool between studs 35 PE foil, Vent. air cavity 2.2 MDF 1.5



Windows


Frame material Wood w/ polyure-thane thermal barrier

Triple pane glazing


• Construction (B. Cobbaert, denc!-studio; G. Abts; JE Stork Ventilatoren)

Technical installation- Ground/air heat-exchanger (L: 40m; D: 1,5-2,5 m; d: 110mm)- Photovoltaics


Heating Heat generator Heating fluid Temp. control Heating system

Mechanical ventilation sys-tem Air Thermostat Via ground/air heat ex-changers and a heat ex-changer in the ventilation system

Domes-tic hot water

Heating Energy source

By gasboiler and thermal solar panels Sun and gas

Ventila-tion

System Heat recovery Ventilation Rate

System D, mech. supply and exhaust yes, 80% 0.44 vol/h


• Energy consumption

• Calculated heat demand < 12 kWh/ m².a• Daily average consumption

(calculation after 1 year):- electricity day: 2.22 kWh/ day- electricity night: 0.55 kWh/ day- gas: 0.88 m³/ day- water: 0.27 m³/ day

- Electricity cost: 34,77 EUR/ 3 months (139,08 EUR/ year)- Gas costs: 11,53 EUR/ month (138,44 EUR/ year)- Construction cost: 800 EUR/ m²



• 2. Passive House Heusden-Zolder• Fam. De bruyn-Requin, Arch. Eric Ubachs• G.De bruyn, Cenergie cvba; Vanhout NV; Artiklima; esco+; IZEN; Hanssens

Houtconstructies; Ecobouw; Ecom@

• Detached dwelling 6 personsTreated floor area 194 m2 Average ceiling height 2,50 m



• Architecture (E. Ubachs)

Passive House Heusden-Zolder


• Construction (E.Ubachs, Vanhout NV)



• Construction


Air tightness Passive House example n50 = 0.2 h-1 Air tightness typical Belgium n50 = 1 h-1


• Construction


Thermal insulation Passive House

example Typical House Belgium

Envelope component

U-value [W/m2K]

Facade 0,121 0,45

Roof 0,104 0,25-0,30 Floor 0,127 0,42-0,45 Doors 0,800 3,5 Window frame

0,59 2,4

Windows 0,7 /Triple Pane 1,6 /Dual Pane

Wall below ground level

1,4


• Construction

Exterior walls


Materials (out in) Thickness [cm] Masonry brick 10 Vent.air cavity/bitumen wood fibre board

4.2/1.8

3x Mineral wool/wooden structure

14/7/7

OSB 1.5 Air cavity & mineral wool 4.5 Gypsum fibre board 1.25


• Construction

Floors


Materials (out in) Thickness [cm] Reinforced concrete 18 Insulation EPS 25 Poured concrete 11 Cover floor; wood/stone 2


• Construction

Roof


Materials (out in) Thickness [cm] Bitumen wood fibre board 2.2 Mineral wool between FJI-studs

27.2

Mineral wool between FJI-studs

7.8

Vapour barrier 0.2 Air cavity (pipes…) 2.2 Gypsum fibre board 1.25

Mineral wool between 35FJI-studs


• Construction

Windows


Frame material Wood Triple pane glazing


• Construction

Technical installation- Ground/air heat exchanger (L: 40m; D: 2m; d: 173-200mm)- Solar combi for hot water production (5,5 m2 collector

surface)


Heating Heat generator Heating fluid Temp. control Heating system

Ventil. system Air Thermostat Via ground/air heat ex-changer and after heating by solar-gas boiler

Domes-tic hot water

Heating Energy source

Yes Solar energy and gas

Ventila-tion

System Heat recovery Ventilation Rate

Mech. supply and exhaust More than 90% 0.37 vol/h


• Energy consumption

• Calculated heating demand < 14,5 kWh/m².a (3000 kWh)• Reduction 90%!

• Energy consumption for hot water production ¼ similarstandard construction



• Passive House Verviers (FHW Architectes)

Examples (renovation)


A1 A1

A1

A2

A1

A3

A3

A4

A4

C2 C2

A4

A4

D2

A6

C4 C4

B1

C4 C4

B2

B2

C4C4

C1 C1

C1

C1

C1

E1

D2

C3

D2

C4

C4C4C4

E1 E1

D1 D1

D2 D2 D2

D2D3D2D2

E1 E1 E1

E1 E1

E1

E2E2

E4

A5

A5

A3

A4

A4

C2 C2

D2

A6

C4 C4 C4 C4

B2

C4C4

C1 C1

C1

C1

C1

E1

D2

D2

C4

C4C4C4

E1 E1

D2 D2 D2

D2D2D2

E1 E1 E1

E1 E1

E1

E4

D3

Das bestehende Dachgesims bleibt erhalten

Zu entfernenderKamin

A7

A3

D2

C7

B1

D2

Die Höhe der neuen Dachrinne wird der des Nachbar angeglichen

• Architecture (FHW Architectes)



• Architecture (FHW Architectes)

+1,90

-2,0 7

±0,00-0,115

+2,34

+1,895

+2,21 5

+1,98

+3,085

+4,54 5

+2,085

+3,09 5

+4,35 5

-0,1 35

-0,3 6

+0,90

+2, 07

+1, 99

+4,265

+4,74 5

+7,565

+5,14 5

+1,155

+3, 15

+6,12

+5,12

+4,44

-0,5 1

+4,90

+6, 50 5

-0 ,5 1

+8,785

HWR

Zu entfernender Anbau

Küche

Kinder-zimmer

Kinder-zimmer

Galerie

Esszimmer

Keller Keller

Bestehendes Nachbargebäude

Bestehendes N

achbarge

bäude


20°

Zu entfe

rnendes Dach Zu entfernendes DachZimmer

D4

D4

C6

A4

A3

A3

D4

D4D4

D2

D2

D4

D4

E3

D2D4

D2D4

A5

C6

D4D4

B2

C5

C5

C5

C5

C9

E3

E3

D4D4

C9

A7

C8 C8 C8

C7 C7

A4



• Construction (FHW architectes, ecoRce)




2% Gefä lle



+1,90

-2,0 7

±0, 00-0,115

+2, 34

+1,895

+2, 21 5

+1, 98

+3,085

+4, 54 5

+2,085

+3,09 5

+4, 35 5

-0,1 35

-0,3 6

+0,90

+2, 07

+1, 99

+4,265

+4, 74 5

+7,565

+5,14 5

+1,155

+3, 15

+6,12

+5,12

+4,44

-0,5 1

+4,90

+6, 50 5

-0 ,5 1

+8,785

HWR

Zu entfernender Anbau

Küche

Kinder-zimmer

Kinder-zimmer

Galerie

Esszimmer

Keller Keller

Bestehendes Nachbargebäude

Bestehendes N

achbargebäude


20°

Zu entfe

rnendes Dach Zu entfernendes DachZimmer




Office building of the Port of GhentArch.: evr-architecten; PH-consultant: Cenergiephoto: PHP

School in BeernemArch.: Buro II; PH-consultant: Cenergie

Examples (service buildings)

Ecobouw; photo: PHP

2004

2005


Passive House School IPFC Nivelles

• Architecture (a2m sprl)• Renovation/ extension


Auditoire 1labo informatique

salle vidéo

bibliothèque

archives et réserves

Espace Internetrecherche emploi

espace administratif

Bureau 1

Bureau 2

Salle des profs

Chevalet 1

Auditoire 2

Chevalet 2

Auditoire 3

Espace artset expresion(croquis,sérigraphie,etc)

Auditoire 4

Auditoire 5

COURS “GENERAUX”

COURS “PRATIQUES”

DIVERS

ADMINISTRATIONHALLCOMMUNespace de rencontrecirculationsetc

ACCUEILexpoinscriptionsetc

réserve

réserve

réserve

réserve

réserve

CAFETARIAdistributeur boissons



proposition 1 proposition 2 proposition 3 proposition 4 (ic)PROGRAMME

Nombre de personnes 446 439 504 589 Ratio Net/Brut 62% 61% 64% 70%Flexibilité 10% 10% 10% 50%

BUDGET

A: base 98.848.530 FB 2.450.391 € 110.788.810 FB 2.746.383 € 119.154.750 FB 2.953.769 € 136.039.523 FB 3.372.332 €

B01: pavillon 9.922.000 FB 245.960 € 9.922.000 FB 245.960 € 9.922.000 FB 245.960 € 7.937.600 FB 196.768 €

B02: abords directs 1.936.000 FB 47.992 € 1.936.000 FB 47.992 € 1.936.000 FB 47.992 € 1.936.000 FB 47.992 €

C: réfections 30.677.130 FB 760.466 € 29.501.010 FB 731.311 € 30.219.750 FB 749.128 € 0 FB 0 €

total TVAC 141.383.660 FB 3.504.809 € 152.147.820 FB 3.771.646 € 161.232.500 FB 3.996.849 € 145.913.123 FB 3.617.092 €prix au m² HTVC 50.189 FB 1.244 € 56.164 FB 1.392 € 58.102 FB 1.440 € 54.608 FB 1.354 €

RUNNING COSTS

consommation énergétique 789.775 FB 19.578 € 660.889 FB 16.383 € 660.889 FB 16.383 € 477.987 FB 11.849 € annuelle globale

Consom. an. Chauffage/ m² 94 kWh/m²an 60 kWh/m²an 60 kWh/m²an

lumière naturelle 14% 16% 16% 21%

10kWh/m²an 60kWh/m²an



• Architecture (a2m sprl)• Rénovation/ extension• Surface 2.575 m²• Volume 8.308 m³



Cas X: -Ventilation standard-Ventilation extra de l’atrium-Ventilation mécanique de nuit-Protection solaire optimalisée de

l’atrium -Protection solaire amovibles

-> passif et blanc

Premières conclusions:Nbre heures/an > 28°C=Blanc= 14 hAtrium = 130 hPassif = 0 h !

(atrium= 130h pendant juillet et août)

Bâtiment« blanc »

Atrium

Nouvelle Extension PASSIF

T extT atriumT BlancT passif

• Study (Cenergie cvba)

• Limiting the risk of overheating

Passive House School

-10

0

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40

50

09/0

6 -

00:0

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09/0

6 -

12:0

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10/0

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00:0

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10/0

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12:0

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11/0

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12:0

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00:0

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12/0

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12:0

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Tijdstip

Tem

pera

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rin

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800

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1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2200

2400

Zoni

nstr

alin

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²

Buitentemperatuur temperature [°C], in passief - comfort mean per passed hour

temperature [°C], in atrium - comfort mean per passed hour temperature [°C], in blanc - comfort mean per passed hour

Zon q-hor-global


• Architecture (a2m sprl)• Renovation/ extension

En JOURNÉE LUNDI MARDI MERCREDI JEUDI VENDREDI

En SOIRÉE

9h00 à 17h00

18h15 à 22h00

Nombre d’étudiants

Nombre d’étudiants

67 77 67 77 77

525 661 465 769 331

Locaux occupés

Locaux occupés

6 7 6 7 7

22 34 18 39 17

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )10 11 10 11 11

Année 2003-2004Situation au 1 mars 2004 er *

Malgré les quatre groupes refusés, les deux groupes de 15 participants « Mission Régionale FOREM» arrivant en journée à raison de 35 heures/semaine ( du 1 au 12 mars et du 15 mars au 2 avril) seront très difficiles à « caser », dans les espaces actuellement réservés à l' I.P.F.C..

le premier : le second :er



Passive Houses in Europe

• The Netherlands

Arch. E. Franke


• Luxemburg

Arch. Witry & WitryArch. C. Weisgerber



• Germany



• Austria, Switzerland, Northern taly



• ECN (co-ordinator, Netherlands)• DHV Bouw en Industrie BV (Netherlands)• National University of Ireland, Dublin (Ireland)• Building Research Establishment Ltd BRE (UK)• SINTEV (Norway)• Ellehauge & Kildemoes (Denmark)• Technical Research Centre of Finland VTT (Finland)• proKlima GbR (Germany)

+ Passivhaus Institut (subcontractor, Germany)• AEE INTEC (Austria)• Passiefhuis-Platform (Belgium)

European collaboration ‘PEP’


Stimulating Market Development

• From Underdeveloped to Innovative in 5 Steps:

• Step 1: Define ‘passive house’• Step 2: Involve Companies• Step 3: Demonstration projects• Step 4: Assure Quality

• Step 5: Innovate


• Psychological– Awareness/ comfort

• Financial– Building cost– Market development

• Technical– Calculation/ Certification– Production/ Construction

• Educational– SME’s and VSE’s



General Public:- Web Site- Publications- Seminars- Building Fairs- Building Visits

www.passiefhuisplatform.bewww.maisonpassive.bewww.passivehouse.be

Members:- Technology Watch- Technology Forum- Symposia- Study Trip- Workshops



Quality byexperience

Quality oriented

building team

Designers

Produc

t

develo

pmen

t

Indus

try

Constructors

Aware client

Conclusion: Experience in Belgium


PHP - Gitschotellei 138 - 2600 BerchemKBC 733-0106722-52

T +32 (0)3 235 02 81F +32 (0)3 271 03 59

http:// www.passiefhuisplatform.be@ [email protected]

Thank you

• www.passivehouse.be

passive house: concept and application for dwellings

Technology

passive house leonardo

maison passive

passive houseexperience23

term passive housepassiefhuis

specific energy demand

total energy demand

space heating kwhm

design heat load