passenger terminal operations

7/27/2019 Passenger Terminal Operations

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Functions of the Passenger Terminal• Three principal (Ashford and Wright 1992):

1.The processing of passengers and baggage.

2.Provision for the requirement of a change of movement type.

3.Facilitating a change of mode.

G = gate control and airline check-in (if required); P = passport control; C = customs control; H =

health control (if required); T = transfer check-in; S = security control. (Adapted from IATA 1976)

Schematic of the passenger baggage flow system



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Five Principal Component Groups of

Terminal Functions

1. Direct passenger service

2. Airline-related passenger services

3. Governmental activities

4. Non-passenger related airport authority

functions

5. Airline functions

(IATA 1989)

Centralized processing (outbound).



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(IATA 1989)

Dentralized processing (outbound).

Organizational structure of terminal

management－London Gatwick



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Philosophies of Terminal Management• The two extreme positions may be designated as:

4 Airport dominant

4 Airline dominant

• The operational procedure will depend on a number of factors:

4 Philosophy of the airport authority and its

governing body

4 Local industrial relations

4 Financial constrains

4 Availability of local labor and skills

Direct Passenger Services

4 Portering

4 Flight and general airport information

4 Baggage trolleys

4 Left luggage lockers and left luggage rooms

4 Directional signs4 Seating

4 Toilets, nurseries, and changing rooms

4 Rest rooms

4 Post office and telephone areas

4Services of disabled special passengers



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Commercial Activities of Direct Passenger

Services4 Car perking

4 Duty-free shops

4 Other shops (book shops, tourist shops, boutiques, etc.)

4 Car rental

4 Insurance

4 Banks

4 Hairdressers, dry cleaners, valet services

4 Hotel reservations

4 Amusement machines

4 Advertising

4Business center facilities

Duty-free shops－Bahrain



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Advertising display case－ Amsterdam

• A department of the airport authority directly

• A specially formed fully owned commercial

subsidiary of the airport authority

• A commercial subsidiary formed by the airportauthority and the airlines

• A commercial subsidiary formed by the airport

authority and a specialist commercial company

• An independent commercial enterprise

Five Different Common Modes of Direct

Passenger Services



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Operational Mode of Concessions at

Selected Airports

Operational Mode of Concessions at

Selected Airports



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Number of ways for concessions leased method • Closed tender

• Open tender

• Private treaty

• Other methods of control that have been

used successfully are:

1. Length of lease.

2. Exclusive rights.

3. Quality of service.

Airline Related Passenger Services

• Airline information services

• Reservations and ticket purchase

• Baggage check-in and storage

• Loading and unloading baggage at aircraft

• Baggage delivery and reclaim (reclaim is often under

authority control)

• Airline passenger “club” areas, sometimes called CIP,

commercially important persons, facilities



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Airline related Operational Functions• Flight dispatch

4 Flight planning

4 Aircraft weight and balance

4 Flight crew briefing

4 Flight watch

• Flight planning

(United Airlines)

Flight analysis－altitude comparison



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(United Airlines)

Flight plan－United Airlines

International Flight Plan



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Airline Related Passenger Services

• Aircraft weight and balance

• Takeoff

• In flight

• Landing

4Maximum takeoff weight 883,000 pounds (377,850 kg)

4Maximum zero fuel weight 535,000 pounds (242,630 kg)

4Maximum landing weight 574,000 pounds (260,320 kg)

• Balance/trim

• Loading• Flight crew briefing

• Flight watch (flight control)

.(Lufthansa)

Load and trim sheet－Boeing 747



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.(Lufthansa)

Load and trim sheet－Boeing 747

(Lufthansa)

Loading instructions DC10



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• At major airports where international

passengers are handled, it is also possible that

up to four governmental controls must be

accommodated:

4 Customs

4 Immigration

4 Health4 Agricultural produce

Governmental Requirements

Non-passenger-related Airport

Authority Functions

• Management

• Purchasing

• Finance

• Legal

• Personnel

• Public relations

• Aeronautical services

• Aviation public services (e.g., noise monitoring)

• Plant and structure maintenance



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VIP lounge facilities－

Bahrain.

Passenger Information Systems

Road sign to airport in Arabic and English with pictogram.



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Signage with directions to specific airline

terminal areas

Information signs in terminal.



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Bank of Visual Display Units.

Terminal roadway exit signs



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Space Components and Adjacencies

Arrivals board.

Worker-staffed information desk



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Terminal space distribution

(FAA 1976)

(IATA 1989)

Example of functional adjacency chart



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Aids to Circulation• Three main methods of movement assistance :

1. Bus.

2. Pedestrian walkways.

3. Automatic people movers.

Walkway tunnel connecting piers to

terminal area in Atlanta



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People mover between terminal and

satellites

People mover, terminal to terminal



Control board

Hubbing Considerations: Subway train from front

with rail visible

passenger terminal operations

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