passage from click and treat: the story of karen pryor · 2013. 2. 5. · 5 now karen gives a...

RED Leveled Literacy Intervention Student Test Preparation Booklet 3

Lesson 29: Practice

Read the passage from the nonfiction book Click and Treat: The Story of KarenPryor. Then answer questions 1 through 5.

Passage from

Click and Treat: The Story of Karen Pryorby Jean Marshall

The Clicker

1 Karen wanted to share what she knew about training animals. So she wrote abook about her work with the dolphins.

2 Many people around the world read her book. Dog trainers wrote to Karen.They asked her to teach them how to train their dogs with praise. Horse trainersand zookeepers wanted to learn, too.

3 Karen went to dog shows, zoos, and animal shelters. She spoke to big groups ofpeople. She showed them how to use a clicker as a signal and when to give treats.

4 A clicker is easier to use than a whistle. When you press a clicker, it makes aclicking sound. Animals learn to listen for the click.

Click and Treat

5 Now Karen gives a clicker to every animal trainer she meets.6 “Click and treat,” she says.7 It does not matter if the animal is a dog or a horse. It could be a cat or a bird.8 Karen Pryor knows how animals learn. She teaches people that praise works

better than punishment. Because of her work, people all over the world now clickand treat to reward their animals for jobs well done.

Reading ComprehensionNow answer questions 1 through 5 by filling in the circle next to the best answer.

1. Read these sentences from paragraph 8 of the passage.

She teaches people that praise works better than punishment. Becauseof her work, people all over the world now click and treat to reward theiranimals for jobs well done.

The meaning of praise is

� A harsh words.

� B funny words.

� C words that tell a story.

� D words that show a high opinion.

© 2013 by Irene C. Fountas and Gay Su Pinnell. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.May not be reproduced without permission

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4 RED Leveled Literacy Intervention Student Test Preparation Booklet

2. What is the suffix in easier?

� A eas

� B ease

� C easy

� D er

3. The subject of Karen Pryor’s book was her work with

� A dogs.

� B horses.

� C dolphins.

� D all of the above.

4. What can you tell from the fact that many people asked Karen Pryor to teachthem about training animals?

� A Karen Pryor is famous.

� B Animals seem to like Karen Pryor.

� C Many people want to train animals with praise rather than punishment.

� D Most people believe punishment is an important part of training an animal.

5. Which phrase identifies the way the author presents information in paragraphs1–3?

� A time order

� B facts and opinions

� C order of importance

� D problem and solution


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Read the abridged version of the nonfiction book Remya Jose’s Great Idea. Thenanswer questions 1 through 15.

Abridged version of

Remya Jose’s Great Ideaby Sunita Apte

1 Remya Jose wished for a washing machine. She knew itwas impossible. Washing machines were expensive. Herfamily couldn’t afford one. Besides, washing machinesneeded electricity to run. In Remya’s village in India, oftenthe power was out.

2 Remya and her twin sister rode two hours to school onthe bus. Then, they rode two hours home. After that, theyhad to work. The girls cooked dinner and cleaned the house.Their parents were ill, so the girls did it all themselves. Theywere age fourteen.

3 Laundry was the biggest chore. The girls washed clothesby hand. This took hours. Remya knew there must be abetter way. Then, she had a great idea. Remya loved solvingproblems and designing things. She thought, “Could I designa washing machine that doesn’t need electricity? Then,anyone in any village could use it!”

Lesson 29: On Your Own


continued on next page

How an Electric WashingMachine Works

1. Clothes and soap are putinto a drum.

2. Hoses fill the drum withwater.

3. Electricity turns theagitator. The clothes movearound in the soapy water,and the dirt is forced out.

4. A hose drains the soapywater.

5. Hoses refill the drum withwater. Electricity turns theagitator again, and theclothes are rinsed.

6. A hose drains the water.7. The drum spins the

clothes to force out mostof the water.

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4 Remya thought about how washing machines work. She knew that she mustfind a way to turn the drum without electric power. She thought about using apedal to turn the drum. A person could sit on a chair to pedal. It was like riding abike.

5 At first, her parents and friends were doubtful. But Remya would not give up.Her determination paid off. Her father agreed to help her. During Remya’s schoolvacation, he paid workers at an auto workshop to build this new machine.

6 When the machine was ready, Remya tried it out. First, she filled the drumwith soap and water. Then, she added dirty clothes. She let them sit in the soapywater for ten minutes. Next, she pedaled for three or four minutes. This turned thedrum and agitated the clothes. Then, Remya drained the soapy water. Next, sherinsed the clothes with clean water. Finally, she drained the rinse water. Shepedaled one last time to push out more water. The whole process took twentyminutes. It was much faster than washing clothes by hand. Her invention worked!

7 Remya’s washing machine changed her life. Her design won an importantprize. The Discovery Channel India made a video about her.

8 Now, she is an adult. Remya Jose still loves to invent ways to solve everydayproblems. She still has great ideas and works hard to turn them into reality.

Reading ComprehensionNow answer questions 1 through 15 by filling in the circle next to the best answer.


But Remya would not give up. Her determination paid off. Her fatheragreed to help her.

People with a lot of determination MOST LIKELY

� A change their minds easily.

� B are not very friendly to others.

� C don’t quit until they get what they want.

� D have a hard time finishing what they start.


Next, she pedaled for three or four minutes. This turned the drum andagitated the clothes.

When the drum agitated the clothes, it

� A made them wet.

� B dried them slowly.

� C stretched them out.

� D shook them quickly.


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3. The word electricity is spoken with extra stress on the

� A first syllable.

� B second syllable.

� C third syllable.

� D fifth syllable.

4. What is the base word in impossible?

� A im

� B imposs

� C poss

� D possible

5. Remya and her sister must do the chores because

� A their parents are ill.

� B the electricity is often out.

� C their parents work long hours.

� D they travel four hours to and from school.

6. According to paragraph 3, what does Remya love to do?

� A design things

� B ride a bicycle

� C ride the bus to school

� D help out around the house

7. The chart below shows events in time order. First, read the chart.

Which sentence belongs in the empty box in the chart?

� A She pedals for three or four minutes.

� B She drains the soapy water.

� C She adds dirty clothes.

� D She rinses clothes with clean water.


She fills drum with soapand water.

She lets clothes sit forten minutes.

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8. How does Remya’s machine change her life?

� A She becomes rich.

� B She becomes an adult.

� C She wins a prize for her design.

� D She realizes that she loves to design things.

9. Which phrase BEST describes Remya?

� A rich and spoiled

� B meek but clever

� C poor but carefree

� D smart and creative

10. What is the MOST LIKELY reason that Remya’s parents and friends aredoubtful?

� A They don’t need a washing machine.

� B They are jealous that she is so inventive.

� C They aren’t sure if her invention will work.

� D They think that she should spend more time on her schoolwork.

11. Which sentence expresses the main idea of this passage?

� A Hard work is good for children.

� B Children must always respect their parents.

� C Solving problems takes imagination and hard work.

� D Washing clothes is done best without using electricity.

12. Based on paragraph 4 and the sidebar, what is the MAIN difference between anelectric washing machine and Remya’s washing machine?

� A Remya’s machine has a drum, or tub.

� B Remya’s machine has a way for soapy water to drain.

� C Remya’s machine does not use electricity to turn the agitator.

� D Remya’s machine does not need to be refilled with rinse water.


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13. The MAIN purpose of this passage is to

� A inform.

� B instruct.

� C persuade.

� D entertain.

14. How does the author organize the section in which Remya tries out hermachine?

� A shows cause and effect

� B gives main idea and details

� C uses compare and contrast

� D lists events in the order they happened

15. You can tell that the author of this passage

� A is a friend of Remya’s family.

� B thinks Remya is someone to admire.

� C is not sure how useful Remya’s invention is.

� D would like to own one of Remya’s washing machines.


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LEVELL

LESSON

29

LLEVEL

163

• Level L Student Test Preparation Booklets• Think Together Chart 29

You Will Need

TEST PREPA

RATIO

N (O

ptional)

29TEST PREPARATION LESSON

e When you take a test, you will have passages, or texts, to read. Sometimes a passageis called a selection. Have students look at the passages, and excerpt from Clickand Treat: The Story of Karen Pryor on page 3 in their Student Test PreparationBooklets. The direction line above the passages tells you that the text is nonfiction.Read the passage, or selection, carefully.

e After you read the passage, you will find test items to answer. Test item is anotherway of saying test question. Have students look at the five items on pages 3–4.Point out that the items are numbered.

e Some test items are multiple choice. The first part of a multiple-choice item is thestem. A stem is a question or an incomplete sentence. Have students look at theitems relating to the excerpt from Click and Treat: The Story of Karen Pryor.Notice that some stems are questions. These are called closed stems. Other items areincomplete sentences, which are called open stems.

e The second part of a multiple-choice item is a set of four options, or possible answers.After you read all four options, you choose the one that answers the question orcompletes the sentence best. Have students look at the options in the five items onpages 3–4. Help them recognize how options answer a question (in closed stems)or complete a sentence (in open stems). If you want to try out an option, it can helpto rewrite questions as incomplete sentences. Place two stems on Think TogetherChart 29. Here is a closed stem: (1) What problem does Layla have in the story?Here is the same item restated as an open stem: (1a) The problem Layla has in thestory is ___. Restating closed stems as open stems can help you “hear” the correctoption in the blank at the end of the sentence.

e Explain that there is only one option that is correct for each item. Each of theother three options is incorrect for some reason. Sometimes an option seemscorrect at first. Yet when you think more carefully, you realize it is not correct.Sometimes an option seems very unlikely. Sometimes an option is actually theopposite of the correct answer. If you feel sure that any option is incorrect, cross itout in your test booklet.

Student Test Preparation Booklet, Level L, Lessons 29–32

Student Test Preparation Booklet

Name:

LEVEL LLESSONS 29–32

Leveled Literacy Intervention RED System

e Develop understanding of the termspassage, item, stem, closed stem, openstem, and option.

e Identify important words in item stems,including words that are bold, italicized,capitalized, or underlined.

e Notice that some stems include a graphicorganizer.

e Determine the important information in apassage.

e Apply thinking to multiple-choice itemsrelated to a familiar text.

e Practice responding to multiple-choiceitems related to a familiar text.

ThinkTogether

Goals

LLI RED SYSTEM REVISED TEST PREP LEVEL L LESSON 29: LESSON PLAN

164

e Certain words appear often in the stems of multiple-choice items. Some of thesecommon words are “question words” such as which, what, how, when, where, andwhy. Have students look at the five stems on pages 3–4, and help them recognize thequestion words.

• If an item asks why, the correct option will be a reason for something.

• If an item asks when, the correct option will have to do with time.

• If an item asks where, the correct option will have to do with some place.

• If an item asks how, the correct option will have to do with the way something is done.

• If an item asks what or which, the correct option will have to do with an event,action, idea, or trait.

e Some tests use special print to draw attention to words such as most, least, first, last,and not. The special print might be uppercase letters, bold letters, underlining, oritalics. If an item uses an author’s exact words from a passage, those words are usuallyshown in special print, too. Have students note the bold sentence in item 1.

e Also, some tests use diagrams or charts in some items. Have students look at item 7 onpage 7. This item begins with two sentences that help you know what to do. You need toread the chart. Below the chart is the item stem. To answer this item, you will refer tothe chart. [Students close their Student Test Preparation Booklets.]

e Now let’s look at an item stem and think together about important words we find there(Think Together Chart 29).

(2) Where does Robert want Sam to take him?

e First, we’ll look for question words. Then we’ll look for words in special print. Finally,we’ll look for any other important words. Usually these are nouns and verbs that relateto some specific part of the passage. It’s a good idea to underline the important words soyou can think about them more easily.


e This item is asking where. The correct option will probably be a place. After underliningthe other important words, you have an idea of what the answer might be about—aplace that Robert wants Sam to take him. If you don’t remember details about that partof the passage, you could look back at the text to find out. Here is another stem.

(4) Why is Brendan unable to move in the water?

e This item is asking why. The other important words give clues that the correct optionwill be about Brendan, water, and movement. If you want to test a possible answer, youcan rewrite the question as an incomplete sentence: (4a) Brendan is unable to move inthe water because ___.

e Show the following series of stems, inviting students to identify and underline theimportant words in the stems. Write or glue each item on Think Together Chart 29.If necessary, help them restate closed stems by starting a response sentence using asmany words from the stem as possible. After you read the stem and identify theimportant words, think about what kind of test item it is.

(5) In paragraph 2, what is a synonym for faithful?

e This item focuses on the meaning of a word. Here is a closed stem.

(6) When does the story take place?


TEST PREPA

RATIO

N (O

ptional)e This item focuses on setting, which is a literary element. Here are some more stems for

you to read and think about. Have students highlight or underline important words.

(7) What is Monica’s problem in the story?

(8) Where does Carl decide NOT to go?

(9) What is the most important step in preparing the soil?

(10) Robert wants to join the club to ___.

(11) To fix the bicycle, what does Marla do SECOND?

(12) Which sentence BEST states the main idea of the story?

e Have students look at the inside front cover of their Student Test PreparationBooklets to review the steps for multiple-choice items:

1. Read the stem and all four options.

2. Find and underline important words in the stem and think what the item is about.

3. Cross out options that are not correct and think carefully about the other options.

4. Restate closed stems to check possible answers.

5. Select one option and check your choice by looking again at the text passage or passages.

6. Bubble in the correct option.

e Now turn to page 3 in your Student Test Preparation Booklets. The passage is from abook you have already read, Click and Treat: The Story of Karen Pryor. Read thepassage to yourself carefully. When you finish reading, work with your partner tocomplete the five multiple-choice items.

[Students read the passage independently and complete the 5 multiple-choice items with a partner.]

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165

Have a Try

1. Read these sentences from paragraph 8 ofthe passage.

She teaches people that praiseworks better than punishment.Because of her work, people all overthe world now click and treat to rewardtheir animals for jobs well done.

The meaning of praise is

� A harsh words.

� B funny words.

� C words that tell a story.

D words that show a highopinion.

Thinking Within the Text

2. What is the suffix in easier?

� A eas

� B ease

� C easy

D er Thinking Within the Text

3. The subject of Karen Pryor’s book was herwork with

� A dogs.

� B horses.

C dolphins.

� D all of the above. Thinking Within the Text

4. What can you tell from the fact that manypeople asked Karen Pryor to teach themabout training animals?

� A Karen Pryor is famous.

� B Animals seem to like KarenPryor.

C Many people want to trainanimals with praise ratherthan punishment.

� D Most people believepunishment is an importantpart of training an animal.

Thinking Beyond the Text

Critical Thinking 1. Derive the meaning of

a word from context.

2. Recognize affixes.

3. Identify key details in atext.

4. Make inferences aboutinformation in a text.


166


But Remya would not give up. Herdetermination paid off. Her fatheragreed to help her.

People with a lot of determination MOSTLIKELY

� A change their minds easily.

� B are not very friendly to others.

C don’t quit until they get whatthey want.

� D have a hard time finishingwhat they start.



Next, she pedaled for three or fourminutes. This turned the drum andagitated the clothes.

When the drum agitated the clothes, it

� A made them wet.

� B dried them slowly.

� C stretched them out.

D shook them quickly. Thinking Within the Text

3. The word electricity is spoken with extrastress on the

� A first syllable.

� B second syllable.

C third syllable.

� D fifth syllable. Thinking Within the Text

Critical Thinking 1. Derive the meaning of

a word from context.

2. Derive the meaning ofa word from context.

3. Identify correctpronunciation andunderstand syllables.

e After students have completed the Practice with a partner, discuss any items theyfound difficult. You may want to select certain items in order to discuss the thinkingthey required (see lists to the left on pages 165–166). For instance, you might helpstudents recognize how item 5 requires them to think about the organization of theinformation in the passage.

e Turn to page 5 in your Student Test Preparation Booklets. Earlier you read the bookRemya Jose’s Great Idea. Today you are going to read an abridged version of that book toyourself.

e Then, for each multiple-choice item, read the stem and all four options.

e Find and underline the important words in the stem and use these words to think whatthe question is about.

e Cross out any options that you know are not correct and think carefully about the other options.

e Restate closed stems to check how possible answers sound in a sentence.

e Select one option and check your choice by looking back at one or more parts of the passage.

e Bubble in the correct option.

[Students read the passage independently and complete the 15 multiple-choice items on their own.]

On YourOwn

5. Which phrase identifies the way theauthor presents information inparagraphs 1-3?

A time order

� B facts and opinions

� C order of importance

� D problem and solutionThinking About the Text

Critical Thinking 5. Identify the

organization of anonfiction text.


TEST PREPA

RATIO

N (O

ptional)LEVEL

LLESSO

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167

She fillsdrumwith soapand water.

She letsclothessit for tenminutes.

4. What is the base word in impossible?

� A im

� B imposs

� C poss

D possible Thinking Within the Text

5. Remya and her sister must do the choresbecause

A their parents are ill.

� B the electricity is often out.

� C their parents work longhours.

� D they travel four hours to andfrom school.


6. According to paragraph 3, what doesRemya love to do?

A design things

� B ride a bicycle

� C ride the bus to school

� D help out around the house Thinking Within the Text

7. The chart below shows events in timeorder. First, read the chart.

Which sentence belongs in the empty boxin the chart?

� A She pedals for three or fourminutes.

� B She drains the soapy water.

C She adds dirty clothes.

� D She rinses clothes with cleanwater.


8. How does Remya’s machine change herlife?

� A She becomes rich.

� B She becomes an adult.

C She wins a prize for herdesign.

� D She realizes that she lovesto design things.


9. Which phrase BEST describes Remya?

� A rich and spoiled

� B meek but clever

� C poor but carefree

D smart and creative Thinking Beyond the Text

10. What is the MOST LIKELY reason thatRemya’s parents and friends are doubtful?

� A They don’t need a washingmachine.

� B They are jealous that she is soinventive.

C They aren’t sure if herinvention will work.

� D They think that she shouldspend more time on herschoolwork.


11. Which sentence expresses the main ideaof this passage?

� A Hard work is good forchildren.

� B Children must always respecttheir parents.

C Solving problems takesimagination and hard work.

� D Washing clothes is done bestwithout using electricity.


12. Based on paragraph 4 and the sidebar,what is the MAIN difference between anelectric washing machine and Remya’swashing machine?

� A Remya’s machine has adrum, or tub.

� B Remya’s machine has a wayfor soapy water to drain.

C Remya’s machine does notuse electricity to turn theagitator.

� D Remya’s machine does notneed to be refilled with rinsewater.


13. The MAIN purpose of this passage is to

A inform.

� B instruct.

� C persuade.

� D entertain. Thinking About the Text

Critical Thinking 4. Recognize base words

and affixes.

5. Identify key details in a text.

6. Identify key details in a text.

7. Identify sequence of events.

8. Recognize causes and effects.

9. Identify personalitytraits in a nonfictionsubject.

10. Understandmotivation for people’sbehavior in anonfiction text.

11. Infer main idea.

12. Compare and contrastdetails in a text.

13. Infer author’s purpose.


168

e After students have completed On Your Own, take time to discuss any items theyfound difficult. You might select certain items in order to point out important words inthe stems and to discuss how those words gave clues to students about the nature of thetest item.

14. How does the author organize thesection in which Remya tries out hermachine?

� A shows cause and effect

� B gives main idea and details

� C uses compare and contrast

B lists events in the order theyhappened

Thinking About the Text

15. You can tell that the author of this passage

� A is a friend of Remya’s family.

B thinks Remya is someone toadmire.

� C is not sure how usefulRemya’s invention is.

� D would like to own one ofRemya’s washing machines

Thinking About the Text

Critical Thinking 14. Identify the

organization of anonfiction text.

15. Infer author’s attitudetoward a subject.


LLI RED SYSTEM TEST PREPARATION 1Fountas & Pinnell Leveled Literacy Intervention. Copyright ©2013 by Irene C. Fountas and Gay Su Pinnell. This page may be photocopied.

(1) What problem does Layla have in the story?

(1a) The problem Layla has in the story is _____.


(2a) Robert wants Sam to take him _____.


THINK TOGETHER CHART 29

You may wish to print these pages to display the individual stem for the Think Together items.

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(4) Why is Brendan unable to move in the water?

(4a) Brendan is unable to move in the water

because _____.

(5) In paragraph 2, what is a synonym for faithful?

(5a) In paragraph 2, a synonym for faithful is _____.


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(6) When does the story take place?

(6a) The story takes place _____.

(7) What is Monica’s problem in the story?

(7a) Monica’s problem in the story is _____.

(8) Where does Carl decide NOT to go?


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(8a) Carl decides NOT to go _____.

(9) What is the most important step in preparing

the soil?

(9a) The most important step in preparing the soil is

_____.

(10) Robert wants to join the club to _____.


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(11) To fix the bicycle, what does Marla do SECOND?

(11a) To fix the bicycle, the SECOND thing Marla does is _____.

(12) Which sentence BEST states the main idea of the story?

(12a) The sentence that BEST states the main idea of the story is _____.


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passage from click and treat: the story of karen pryor · 2013. 2. 5. · 5 now karen gives a...

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