Pascal Sortais – ISN/SSI - Les Arcs, March 17-22, 2003 1

CW input of RI

A new prototype of super buncher for

RI~ 100 % efficiencyNo energy dispersion

Valve as rapid as possible

Beta- beam facility(not visible on the

picture)

Pascal Sortais – ISN/SSI - Les Arcs, March 17-22, 2003 2

ECR technique for RIB production

1 – « Slow ionization » Low density / long confinement / slow rising time /

1+ ionization / charge breeding / bunching / high efficiency

2 – « Rapid ionization » 

Higher density / shorter confinement / faster rising time

High current / short pulsed development

3 – « Super bunching and ionization efficiency » 

With very high density plasma,

is an « ECR-Duoplasmatron » possible ?

Pascal Sortais – ISN/SSI - Les Arcs, March 17-22, 2003 3

Ion production of gaseous elementor metallic ion inside a very high temperature cavity

To pumpi.e. defined by the

conductance of the extraction hole

Dominant if

ioni >> ext

To beami.e. defined by the « ionic pumping »

of the plasmaDominant if

ioni ext

1+

recycling

Target Ion source

plasma

Atoms diffusion in molecular regime

Ionization and diffusion in a magnetized plasma

Pascal Sortais – ISN/SSI - Les Arcs, March 17-22, 2003 4

Ionization time and mean free path of ionization

ext 1-3 mm

A°A+

ioni

ne , Te

some cm

ioni =vTi

nee< ioni ve

>Ti = 1/10 eV VTi = 7 104 cm/sTe = 50 eV VTe = 4 106 cm/s

ioni 2 10-16 cm-2 (from 0+ to Ar+)< ioni ve > 10-7 cm3/s

ioni = 0.7 cm at ne 1012 cm-3 10 GHz

7 cm at ne 1011 cm-3 2.45 GHz

0.07 cm at ne 1013 cm-3 28 GHz

ioni = 1 µs

10 µs

0.1 µs

100 % efficiency and rapid ionization only if ioni < ext so ne > 1013 e/cm-3

Pascal Sortais – ISN/SSI - Les Arcs, March 17-22, 2003 5

1+ ionization of ions with ECR ion sourceFrom Fredrik Wenander, Jacques Lettry, Nicolas Chritin, Ermanno Barbero, W. Pirkl, ISOLDE, CERN and G. Gaubert, P. Jardin, R. Leroy, et al., GANIL, Caen

GANIL / Picogan 10 GHz the smallest ECRIS : L, 3 cm

GANIL / ISOLDE MONOECRIS 1+

2.45 GHz

release (50%)

He ~ 20% 20 ms

Ne ~ 35 % 30 ms

Ar ~ 95% 40 ms

Kr ~ 95% 40 ms

( Ar ) ~ 70%

Pascal Sortais – ISN/SSI - Les Arcs, March 17-22, 2003 6

ECR Charge breeding for CW operation

n+ Faraday Cup

1+ Faraday Cup

1+ source

n+ spectrometer

1+ spectrometer

Vertical pulsation

Double Einzellens

PHOENIX Booster

Direct injection of atoms(gaseous ions only)simple confinement

Direct injection of 1+ beams(gaseous or metallic ions)sophisticated confinement

Ne1+ Ne6+ 10 %

release tens of ms

Ne1+ Ne6+ 10 %

release tens of ms

Release : i .e. recycling + magnetic trapping

PHOENIX – ISN/SSI

GANIL Nanogan /SPIRAL

Pascal Sortais – ISN/SSI - Les Arcs, March 17-22, 2003 7

ECRIT charge breeding and bunchingFrom : T. Lamy et al., Institut des Sciences Nucléaires UJF-IN2P3-CNRS, Grenoble, France

R.F. Power

Rb1+ Injection

Rbn+ Extracted

tH.F.

OFF

ON

t

tinj

OFF

ON

t H.F. 300 ms to 2 s

t inj 20 ms to t H.F.

t 0 to 1.5 s

Standard Values :

1+15+ = 2.2 % (Rb ions) i.e. half of the CW

1 - Efficiency measurement of afterglow process

2 - Promizing results for ms and more, bunches of metallic ions

3 - Afterglow time difficult to control

Pascal Sortais – ISN/SSI - Les Arcs, March 17-22, 2003 8

CERN duoplasmatron for H+ productionthe perfect time structure for the synchrotrons

Very good time structure

Very short confinement (some µs)

Very poor gas efficiency

µs

mA

Pascal Sortais – ISN/SSI - Les Arcs, March 17-22, 2003 9

PHOENIX 28 GHz : high current extraction (Xenon)From : T. Thuillier et al., Institut des Sciences Nucléaires UJF-IN2P3-CNRS, Grenoble, France

Xe17+ beam

Xe18+ beam

3D field map of thesolenoid

3D source extraction fieldand magnetic fringe field

of the source

15 emA (IHV)

12.5 emA (IFC1)

10.4 emA (Xe20+ 0.6 emA)

35 mm Faraday Cup

3D field map of the90° Bending magnet

Pascal Sortais – ISN/SSI - Les Arcs, March 17-22, 2003 10

PHOENIX 28 GHz : high current extraction (Lead)From : T. Thuillier et al., Institut des Sciences Nucléaires UJF-IN2P3-CNRS, Grenoble, France

10 emA total current(preliminary)

300 µs pulse

Shorter and higher afterglowthan with ECR4-14.5 GHz CERN

7 ( 10 ?)

Pascal Sortais – ISN/SSI - Les Arcs, March 17-22, 2003 11

28 GHz experiment at grenoble ISN/SSIFrom : T. Thuillier et al., Institut des Sciences Nucléaires UJF-IN2P3-CNRS, Grenoble, France

The new (and stable) 28 GHz /10 KW ISN gyrotron from GYCOM Inc. (Nizhny Novgorod , Russia)

1 – Proof of the high frequency / high density effect

2 – Emittance and efficiency to be measured

3 - Afterglow shorter but always difficult to control (0.3-1 ms)

28 GHz /10 KWPHOENIX 28 GHz

5 µs shutdown of the full power

Pascal Sortais – ISN/SSI - Les Arcs, March 17-22, 2003 12

SMIS 37.5 GHz with optical couplingfor very high intensity pulsed current

From : S.V. Golubev, D.A. Mansfeld, S.V. Razin, V.A. Skalyga, A.V. Vodopyanov, V.G. Zorin, Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhniy Novgorod, Russia, R. Geller, T. Lamy, P. Sortais, T. Thuillier Institut des Sciences Nucléaires UJF-IN2P3-CNRS, Grenoble, France

Optical coupling of the UHF power :

up to 100 KW / 1 ms each 20 s

Very simplemagnetic system

Pascal Sortais – ISN/SSI - Les Arcs, March 17-22, 2003 13

SMIS 37.5 GHz very high current density production

From : S.V. Golubev, D.A. Mansfeld, S.V. Razin, V.A. Skalyga, A.V. Vodopyanov, V.G. Zorin, Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhniy Novgorod, Russia, R. Geller, T. Lamy, P. Sortais, T. Thuillier Institut des Sciences Nucléaires UJF-IN2P3-CNRS, Grenoble, France30 emA / 3 mm total

current200-300 mAe/cm2

1013 part. during 100 µs with Multi Charged Ions

Rising time 100 µs

To be done : beam matching (100 KV duoplasmatron extractor) efficiency measurement with pulsed valve upgrade to 60 or 90 GHz with pulsed or SC coils possible

Pascal Sortais – ISN/SSI - Les Arcs, March 17-22, 2003 14

1 – To bunch the gas in short time

~ > 20 µs

2 – To ionize (>1+) with a time smaller than the effusion time

ne 1014 e/cm-3 60 GHz ECR discharge

+ strong axial magnetic field during the discharge ( 2T)

3 – To deliver a beam with a repetition rate compatible

with the lifetime of the ions

60-90 GHz « ECR Duoplasmatron » for gaseous RIB

Pascal Sortais – ISN/SSI - Les Arcs, March 17-22, 2003 15

60-90 GHz « ECR Duoplasmatron » for gaseous RIB

Very high densitymagnetized plasma

ne ~ 1014 cm-3

2.0 – 3.0 T pulsed coils or SC coils

60-90 GHz / 10-100 KW10 –200 µs / = 6-3 mm

optical axial coupling

optical radial coupling(if gas only)

1-3 mm100 KV

extractionUHF windowor « glass » chamber (?)

Target

Rapid pulsed valve

20 – 100 µs20 – 200 mA

1012 to 1013 ions per bunchwith high efficiency

Very small plasmachamber ~ 20 mm / L ~ 5 cm

Arbitrary distanceif gas

Pascal Sortais – ISN/SSI - Les Arcs, March 17-22, 2003 16

PHOENIX 28 GHz : afterglow control with Lead

a.u.

10 ms

0 ms

UHF pulse

Pb 25+,24+,23+,22+

O+O2+O3+O4+ C+ N+

Pb 16+ Pb 14+

“pre – glow” bunch correlated with presure dropIonic pumping during some hundreds of µs

Pascal Sortais – ISN/SSI - Les Arcs, March 17-22, 2003 17

New RFQ

LINAC 3

PSB

Simplification of the injection system

Pascal Sortais – ISN/SSI - Les Arcs, March 17-22, 2003 18

Rapid ionization of RIB : future prospects

1 – ECRIS can supply either efficiency or pulsed currents

ECRIS must supply efficiency AND pulsed currents

2 – 28 GHz / 10 KW preliminary tests could be done at ISN

3 – Possible extension to RIB of condensable elements and upgrade of the other metallic ion stable beams (Pb)

next step of PHOENIX development

4 – Never start an heavy ion project without a strong preliminary ion source development program !