Party PlatformAnalysis2021 Nova Scotia Provincial Election

P R E P A R E D B YT H E E C O L O G Y A C T I O N C E N T R E

Updated: Thursday, August 5, 2021

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Party Platform Analysis – 2021 Nova Scotia Provincial Election

As we face down the intersecting crises of climate change, rising inequity and biodiversity loss, we don’t have time for leaders who are stuck in outdated ways of thinking about our environment and our economy. We need true leadership and political will to protect the communities and ecosystems we all love and rely on and ensure a future where everyone living in Mi’kma’ki/Nova Scotia can thrive. This is why the Ecology Action Centre (EAC) has created this document. We've reviewed available environmental party platforms to provide a picture of where each party stands on a variety of critical environmental, biodiversity and climate issues. This analysis is not an endorsement of any of Nova Scotia’s political parties or their candidates and is not a reflection of their previous work on the environment.

The targets and promises of each of the parties are taken from their platforms and/or websites, except where otherwise indicated. The EAC obtained a full-length version of the PC platform by contacting their office. Party platforms are in order of when they were released.

NDP platform PC platform Green platform Liberal Platform EAC’s Analysis

Bold Climate Plan

What we’re calling for: Nova Scotia has a legislated target to reduce GHG emissions by 53 per cent below 2005 levels by 2030. In order to get there, we need 90 per cent of our electricity coming from renewable sources by 2030, targets and incentives for electric vehicles and a zero-emission vehicle mandate, and investments in energy efficiency and building retrofits. We also need to stop spending money on outdated industries that threaten our climate and the long-term stability of our economy like offshore oil and gas, large scale biomass, and natural gas.

Targets Doing Nova Scotia’s part to prevent catastrophic climate change by setting a new target to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to 50 percent below 1990 levels by 2030 Phasing out coal by 2030.

Introduce Enviro-goals and Climate Change Reduction Act, a new, ambitious bill that will identify and showcase Nova Scotia as a world leader in adopting green energy measures and following

Immediately declare a climate emergency focusing all government departments on climate change as a priority. This will include educating the public and our children about climate change, its impacts, and strategies to address

Guided by the Sustainable Development Goals Act (SDGA) consultations currently underway and building on the Environmental Goals and Sustainable Prosperity Act (EGSPA), we will create a

General: Current SDGA target passed by legislature: GHGs to 53% below 2005 levels by 2030 and reach net zero GHG by 2050 (or a reduction in GHG output to 10.9 million tonnes of GHG emissions). NDP:

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climate-friendly sustainable development.

Reduce our GHG emissions by 70% below 2005 levels by 2030 and achieve a net-zero carbon economy by 2045 Require that all of Nova Scotia’s electricity would come from carbon-neutral sources by 2030

Climate Change Plan for Clean Growth by the end of the year We have committed to affordably phasing out coal by 2030.

These are strong targets. 50% below 1990 by 2030 equates to the same value as 58% below 2005 levels by 2030 or a reduction in GHG output to 9.8 million tonnes of GHG emissions by 2030. See details in renewables section below. PC: Without detail or targets this can’t be assessed. Green: These are very strong targets. See details in renewables section below. Liberal: Commitment to get NS off coal by 2030 is positive. See details in renewables and efficiency sections below.

Renewables & Electricity

Committing to 90 per cent renewable energy by 2030 Making provincial investments in research and development for battery storage and renewable technology. Reigning in Nova Scotia Power by writing ‘climate change’ into Nova Scotia Power and Efficiency Nova Scotia’s mandates, studying the possibility of returning some or part of Nova Scotia Power to

80% of electricity must be supplied by renewable energy by 2030. PC’s envisioned energy mix: Coal = 0% Natural Gas = 10% Domestic Hydro = 11% Biomass = 4% Wind = 40% Maritime Link = 9% Maritime Non Firm Market =16% Hydro Import = 10%

End exploration, drilling, and extraction of fossil fuels (including exploratory fracking) in Nova Scotia End all provincial subsidies to fossil fuel sectors Provide funding for the SolarHomes program to allow it to increase the rebate to $1 watt and to continue after 2022

Our government has an ambitious plan to accelerate renewable energy growth so that 80% of Nova Scotia’s energy comes from renewable sources by 2030. We will invest in a diverse mix of renewable sources, leveraging evolving technology to reduce emissions and keep energy rates stable. Constructing renewable energy projects will create thousands

General:EAC in its electricity report envisions the target of 90% renewables/clean sources and a pathway to phase out coal by 2030. NDP: 90% target aligns with what is achievable and needs to be done. Energy storage is key in this decade. NDP has plans for battery technology, which is definitely required. The idea of adding “climate change” to NSPI and ENS’s mandates is a good step, however, legislative change would be more powerful with regulator mandates. Agree with stricter oversight. Community focused

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public ownership, and establishing stricter oversight— including higher penalties for performance failures, and base-rate refunds for outages. Getting Nova Scotia on the path to 90% renewables by moving quickly to create regulations to allow for community-owned renewables and virtual net metering and working with communities to install their own renewable energy systems. Studying the possibility of returning Nova Scotia Power and the power grid to public ownership.

of jobs and contribute hundreds of millions to Nova Scotia’s GDP, growing prosperity for all. Our Government’s recent investment into the development of 350 megawatts of renewable energy projects such as wind and solar, will stimulate over $550 million in construction activity while creating over 4000 new jobs. The Rankin government is committed to using innovative financing to benefit ratepayers. We signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) with the Canada Infrastructure Bank (CIB) to explore how the CIB can invest in our renewable energy projects to reduce costs for ratepayers. Nova Scotia is currently co-chairing, with the federal government the work on the Atlantic Loop. Stakeholders engaged in the discussions include the federal government, the five eastern provinces as well as the power utilities. A re-elected Rankin government will continue to be

renewable energy is good and aligned with EAC’s vision. PC: Target is 80%. We think this should be more ambitious. In the PC’s envisioned energy mix natural gas and biomass still feature at 10% and 4%. EAC would like to see both natural gas and biomass phased out. No mention of solar energy. No mention of battery/storage technologies. This is similar to NSP’s base scenario projection. Also, it will be worthwhile to know this breakdown in capacity terms as opposed to energy terms. Green: Strong focus on phasing out of fossil fuels. Little detail on how to support renewables. Liberal: The Liberals have already announced target of 80% renewables. We think this should be more ambitious. They have included a promise related to the Atlantic Loop, which is good to see, but instead of the project being under discussions, a commitment to creating pathways would be better. All: PC, NDP and Greens don’t mention the Atlantic Loop. None mention removing biomass from the definition of renewables. Only Greens mention phasing out offshore oil and gas or natural gas.

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a strong advocate for this project and work to secure federal financial support. A re-elected Liberal government will create a strategy for offshore wind development that will include mapping offshore wind resources, creating regulatory frameworks and undertaking research to understand possible environmental impacts. Community Solar program to give communities more control over their renewable energy future and to allow people unable to install solar panels on their homes the ability to participate in solar energy projects. We are committing an additional $8 million over 4 years to deliver targeted projects for communities that need it most. Our plan will also solidify funding allocated to the Home Solar Program by investing $3 million annually. A Liberal government will commit an additional $1.5 million to create a Not-for

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Profit Solar Stream to provide electricity for not-for-profits. 100% renewable energy for provincial buildings by 2025. Our government will commit $2 million to establish a Clean Energy Growth Hub that will support leading-edge research and development of the next generation of green technologies. T

Efficiency Tripling Nova Scotia’s energy efficiency targets. Introducing a step code designed to bring new buildings to net-zero energy by 2032 and mandatory building and home energy efficiency disclosure. Creating and funding test sites for a deep retrofit strategy that would dramatically lower heating costs and GHG emissions with materials manufactured locally. Expanding municipalities’ abilities to support retrofits and renewables in homes through a province-wide Property Assessed Clean Energy (PACE) programs.

All new provincial buildings must be net-zero. The province will ensure that new provincial buildings are net-zero and that all major provincial building retrofits will be low-carbon, reducing embodied carbon and ensuring 75% of domestic office floor space (new leases and lease renewals) will be in net-zero carbon climate resilient buildings starting in 2030. As an incentive to encourage more environmentally-friendly developments, we will work

Provide funding for Mi’kmaq communities to bring all of their existing housing to net zero energy ready (NZER) standards within five years Provide $50 million per year in funding to Housing Nova Scotia, to enable energy efficiency retrofits to all social housing units (using local contractors) to bring them to NZER standards Make 100% of social housing Net Zero Energy Ready (NZER) by 2030

A re-elected Rankin government will invest $20 million per year from the Green Fund to help low-income Nova Scotians complete these home energy retrofits. A re-elected Rankin government will invest $3 million annually through Efficiency Nova Scotia to complete an additional 220 units through the Multi-unit Rental Property Upgrade Program. This program offers rebates of up to 80% on energy efficient upgrades in qualifying multi-unit residential dwellings. Landlords will have the opportunity to make

NDP: This is an ambitious target. PC: The province does need to take the lead in making its buildings align with the Climate target but there still needs be a wider strategy for other buildings that provide affordable housing. In the Green Jobs report, EAC has recommended that all social housing be upgraded to Net Zero or Net Zero energy ready. This housing stock is managed by Housing Nova Scotia. If the Progressive Conservative platform included a goal of providing all the funding necessary for Housing Nova Scotia to retrofit all of its existing housing stock to be Net Zero Energy Ready as well as all other government buildings that would a good target. Green:

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with property developers to establish grants to reduce the increased cost that may be associated with building net-zero buildings.

investments in their properties that helps both landlords and renters by creating more energy efficient buildings and lowers energy costs. A re-elected Rankin government will invest $2 million per year from the Green Fund into Affordable Housing Retrofits. These retrofits will improve energy efficiency in these Housing Nova Scotia homes with measures that include insulation, efficient lighting, air sealing and heating and cooling system upgrades. The Sustainable Communities Challenge Fund (SCCF) will incentivize municipalities to develop and pursue local climate change mitigation and adaptation efforts. It will reward community collaboration and innovation by committing $12 million over 3 years in support of projects that upgrade energy efficiency in community buildings and increase the use of low carbon energy.

This is the most clear and ambitious target of all platforms. Liberal: This is ambitious and has specific goals and targets to increase energy efficiency across multiple sectors. However, $2 million per year to increase energy efficiency in Housing Nova Scotia properties is a small portion of investment in Social Housing compared to the $47 million per year required to make all social housing Net Zero Energy ready by 2030 as identified in the EAC Green Jobs Report.

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The Liberal Government will invest $20 million over the next two years to provide rebates to eligible businesses for energy efficiency upgrades. This will reduce our emissions and increase business competitiveness by lowering energy bills and encouraging innovation. We will encourage construction using sustainable, low embedded emissions materials

Sustainable transportation, EVs and electrification of transit

Creating strategies for the electrification of transportation and the elimination of energy poverty. Developing an electrification strategy which would include the electrification of public and private transportation as well as freight.

At least 30% of vehicles sold by 2030 to be zero-emission. Fund up to 50% of the cost of installation for Electric Vehicle Chargers

We will explore opportunities to use the building codes to encourage all new commercial developments to incorporate EV chargers or make them fast charger ready. We will continue to bring green transformation to our public transportation system with electrified buses, ferries, and emission reducing technologies. And, of course, we will recognize the importance of moving away from gas-powered vehicles, incentivizing Nova Scotians to steadily increase adoption of

General: A strategy for electrification of the transportation sector is desperately needed. NDP: NDP is committing to a strategy decarbonizing heavy duty vehicles including public transportation, which is very positive. PC: The target is good. We would like to see a strategy for how to reach it. The funding for EV chargers is inadequate. (See cost analysis below.) Green: Electrification of transportation is not addressed.

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electric vehicles and plug-in hybrids. Our government leveraged a $37 million provincial investment to advance a $112 million bus electrification partnership with federal and municipal governments. We’re investing $300,000 to explore bringing electric bus transport to the Cape Breton Regional Municipality (CBRM). This project also leverages funding from other levels of government, bringing the total project cost to $900,000 and making it possible to do a comprehensive bus plan, concept design, and route study. Our government committed $9.5 million over three years to a new electric vehicle rebate program for e-bikes, new and used electric vehicles and plug-in hybrids. A re-elected Liberal government will invest $10 million over 4 years to make electric charging stations more

Liberal: It is positive to see proper investment in both the heavy duty and light duty vehicle electrification through programs, partnerships and infrastructure. However, a mandatory supply-side policy such as a ZEV mandate will be needed to ensure that Nova Scotia meets the federal EV sales target. This will not be achievable through incentives alone. A new, provincial sales target should also be established.

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readily available for our growing population of EV drivers. A re-elected Liberal government will develop a fleet electrification strategy that consolidates provincial fleet management, moves us towards electrification, and replaces existing vehicles with electric vehicles.

Just transition

Initiating a just, community-led transition for carbon-intensive workforces—including free NSCC tuition and dedicated training streams for energy efficiency and renewable workforces.

Introduce a Just Transition Act that will provide opportunities for workers in fossil fuel industries to have access to retraining and financial support to transition into the green energy sector

A just transition for workers and communities will be a top priority for a re-elected Liberal government. Together with our partners, and our historic investments in NSCC, we will support transitioning workers through training opportunities and grow jobs within our communities. A Liberal government will focus on equity by ensuring populations that have traditionally been left out of the energy transition have an opportunity for skills training and new careers.

NDP: Positive, but does not highlight how to transition existing workforces that rely on work from unsustainable industries like the operation of fossil fuel based electricity generation facilities. The plan also needs to include a focus on underrepresented community members in the just transition. PC: Do not address Green: Introducing a Just Transition Act is a positive step but there is need to include details on what will be in this act and how the act will be developed. Collaborating with affected communities should be central in developing the act. Liberal: The focus on communities and not just workers who will be impacted by transition is positive

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and important, however, the platform does not provide a lot of information on how exactly this will be done.

Resilient Communities

What we’re calling for: In an increasingly unstable climate, our communities need to be adaptive and resilient. This means investing in vibrant and accessible local food systems and active transportation, and integrating climate adaptation concerns in all decision-making across all government departments. It means that our coastal communities are protected from sea level rise and that all municipalities are provided with adequate funding to implement their Municipal Climate Action Plans.

Agriculture, Seafood, and Local Food Systems

Establishing a food secretariat and a new universal school food program. Creating a school food program that would provide at least one meal during the school day with an emphasis on foods that are locally, ecologically, and ethically produced, nutritious, and culturally appropriate. Supporting procurement of local food in public facilities such as schools, hospitals, colleges and universities, and long-term care facilities. Launching an updated campaign to encourage people to buy local food. Supporting Indigenous-led food solutions and partnerships.

Local food consumption will be supported and encouraged, with the goal of 20% of the money spent on food by Nova Scotians being spent on locally produced food by 2030. In determining how to reach our new target, we need to look at policies and infrastructure that support getting more local, healthy food into our public institutions. Those institutions can then be real models and advocates for how we can start to drive change. Our health and education sectors can Lead. One role for government is to facilitate the relationship between agriculture and these

Provide funding and training programs for small-scale and urban farming Eliminate subsidies to large scale livestock and monoculture farming Create a land trust program to make land affordable and accessible for new farmers, while preserving agricultural land Ban the use of glyphosate in agriculture and forestry Provide funding for small scale and urban farming initiatives to increase access to high quality, healthy, and fresh food across the province

Our investment in the Agriculture Clean Technology Program will support farmers and food processors in improving their operations. This includes adopting clean technologies that help reduce greenhouse gas emissions, improving energy efficiency, promoting sustainable and clean growth, increasing value-added agricultural production, extending growing seasons and improving costs of production. (pre-election commitment) We’re incorporating more local food into our public facilities. We’re also fostering the buy local movement across the province. A Liberal Government will allocate $3 million a year to pilot a P-6 school lunch program. The Healthy Lunches

General: Support for climate-change adaptation is needed for agricultural and seafood sectors. Seafood harvest and growing are key rural economic drivers and should be explicitly incorporated into local food positions. Much of our agriculture and seafood processing industries are staffed now by Temporary Foreign Workers. We want to see path to residency. We want to see an increase in support for local agriculture and seafood supply chains. NDP: Reference to creating a target, but no target is given in their platform. Universal school food program, procurement of local in public institutions, climate related supports for farmers, improving Temporary Foreign Worker protections and benefits, and agricultural land protection are all positive. PC:

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Creating a provincial food security secretariat in government that would work strategically across government departments and with communities, non-profits, and local farmers towards meeting strong food security and local food goals like protecting agricultural land. Supporting farmers navigating the effects of climate change and working towards climate change mitigation. Putting local food procurement and local farm growth goals back in Nova Scotia’s environmental legislation. Providing direct support for food processing, storage and distribution— this could mean community food hubs for distribution, storage and processing, and/or a mobile abattoir. Supporting farming cooperatives, agricultural land trusts and incubator/ educational farms.

types of large institutions. Another is to set policies that encourage local consumption by the public. Our Nova Scotia Loyal plan for the economy establishes a plan that would see a dramatic increase in the consumption of local foods as a result of participation in a loyalty rewards program.

for Healthy Kids program will provide healthy, locally sourced, low-cost lunches, ensuring children in elementary schools are well nourished and prepared to succeed in the classroom. The average cost per lunch will be $5 a day A buy local component will promote and emphasize locally sourced foods and vendors, highlight healthy local food options, as well as provide additional markets for farmers and producers.

Target aligns with what EAC has been asking for. Local food procurement in public institutions is positive. We would like to see more information connecting local food to climate mitigation and adaptation, as well as protection for agricultural lands. Green: The commitments to a land trust and supports to small and urban farmers are positive. There is a lack of attention to medium scale farming, supply chains, procurement, and seafood. Liberal: The commitments to local food procurement in institutions, particularly schools, and the buy local program are positive. We would like to see targets to support local food. The Agriculture Clean Technology Program could have potential to support GHG emission reductions for the agricultural sector, however, there are no details. We would like to see commitments to protection for agricultural lands.

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Proactively working on labour issues impacting the sector through partnerships with universities, NSCC, and other appropriate groups to improve the Temporary Foreign Worker and Seasonal Agricultural Worker Programs—for example, by granting access to MSI—and grow the domestic workforce.

Active transportation and transit

Moving to a well-connected public transit network across the province that is affordable or free. Providing sustainable funding to make community transit affordable and connected. Considering options for commuter rail. Prioritizing public and community transportation in COVID-19 recovery spending. Building the Blue Route active transit network by 2030. Funding and supporting programs that make personal active transportation infrastructure available and accessible. This could be municipal bike share

Develop a provincial active transportation strategy and explore options to help deliver more active transportation options, such as walking trails, cycling paths and other forms of active mobility, which are a complementary tool that can reduce reliance on cars and provide healthy transportation alternatives. We will invest $100,000 into active transportation in each of our 18 counties for a total of $1,800,000.

Provide funding to municipal transport services to provide free public transit and develop free public transit across the province Rebuild the provincial rail service to provide rapid, efficient, and affordable transportation across the province and ensure that it is connected to the rest of Canada Remove barriers for community public transit systems to operate on a regional (across municipal lines) basis Serve every community of more than 1000 people in Nova Scotia by minimum-twice daily bus service,

We will promote and invest in active transit to improve the quality of life for citizens across the province. We will also commit to active transportation, making it more accessible and realistic to include biking, running, walking, and/or hiking into daily commuting and recreational trip planning. We are committing $20 million over 4 years to the Blue Route— a province-wide project to create a network of bicycling infrastructure

NDP: The commitments are in line with EAC asks however, we would like to see this costed. PC: The commitment to a provincial active transportation strategy is good. However, the funding commitment is inadequate. $100,000 would build approximately 6km of painted bike lanes; or 0.7km of protected bike lane; or 0.5km of paved multi-use trail; or <1 active transportation overpass Green: Specifics on transit and community transit are positive, including allowing community transit services to operate across municipal and county lines, free municipal and provincial transit, and working with municipalities to support transit and active transportation-oriented development. Twice daily service for communities of over

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programs and programs that connect low-income people with bicycles, bicycle and road safety support, and other active transportation equipment.

connecting it to neighbouring communities and regional centres Work with municipalities, towns, and counties to focus on developing complete communities including improving active transportation infrastructure, revitalizing downtowns and commercial areas, and improving public/community transit in rural, urban, and suburban areas Increase access to carbon neutral forms of transportation (public transit, cycling, walking) and encourage their use through education programs

1,000 people as a minimum level of service is a good start, however frequencies that low have little tolerance for error, preventing transit from being a viable option for many. The cost of rebuilding provincial rail is too high relative to potential ridership. Passenger service could be returned to surviving tracks between Wolfville, Halifax, Truro, New Glasgow, Antigonish, Port Hawkesbury, and Sydney, but inter-community electric bus service on 100-series highways may be faster and more cost effective. Liberal: The scale of funding committed to the Blue Route is a realistic and meaningful increase. $20 million on its own is enough to deliver at minimum, 100km of new paved trails, the most expensive facility type in the network. A $20 million funding commitment from the province would be extended by federal matching funds, building even more. While it is a significant commitment to funding inter-community active transportation, more funding is needed for local active transportation networks that connect to, and increase the utility of the Blue Route.

Climate Adaptation

Establishing a fund for climate adaptation projects that would create local jobs and protect municipal infrastructure.

The province will build climate change adaptive capacity and resilience by prioritizing climate adaptation across every government

Direct resources in all provincial government departments towards adapting to climate change and provide adequate

Our government will continue to lead by example at the provincial level, directing government departments to develop climate change

General: NS needs to take climate adaptation seriously. We need coordination on adaptation issues. Many municipalities are struggling with similar issues and should be working together and

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department and ensuring that all Nova Scotia municipalities have sufficient resources to take immediate and long-term action on their adaptation priorities. This will largely be administrative in nature and adapting the mindset of every government department.

financial and resource support to municipalities for mitigation and adaptation to climate change

preparedness and adaptation plans that enhance provincial planning and complement local efforts. We will also leverage industry expertise to develop integrated climate emergency preparedness and response plans that protect Nova Scotians and support sustainability in critical sectors. Our Liberal government has invested $25 million over 10 years to upgrade 60km of dykes and aboiteaux to protect communities from the impacts of coastal flooding. We are also currently consulting on the Coastal Protection Act regulations. Coastal protection, rising sea-level and erosion are already causing issues in our coastal communities and are expected to worsen as we see increased impacts from climate change. We want to ensure that future construction is done in a safe and sustainable way to protect our sensitive coastal ecosystems. Consultations are ongoing and are expected to

given support for coordination in order to respond to federal funding calls for adaptation action. We also need to ensure the Coastal Protection Act regulations are strong and put into force as soon as possible. We want to see discussions around nature based climate solutions, and committing to the better protection of wetlands as a means of both climate adaptation and mitigation NDP and PC: Not much information about how they plan on engaging in climate adaptation. Green: The resource and financial allocation to communities is positive, as is consideration for both mitigation and adaptation. We would like to know more details about the resource support and to see inclusion of nature based climate solutions. Liberal: While the mention of the Coastal Protection Act is positive, we would like to see a firm commitment to a date by which regulations will be in force. Regarding climate adaptation plans, what is required is funding to support climate adaptation action for communities, as well as coordination mechanisms provincially that allow municipalities to work on climate issues together instead of in isolation and supports to

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be completed late summer 2021.

access federal and foundation funds here for adaptation action.

Affordable Housing1

1000 new units in 4 years Supporting a permanent Housing Trust (municipal, provincial and private resources pooled to support NP/co-op housing providers) Enabling municipalities to require affordable housing through inclusionary zoning. Strengthening the regulation of short-term rentals

Conduct an inventory of Nova Scotia Crown land and tender eligible properties for the development of affordable housing units. Implement a 5% deed transfer tax and property levy of $2/$100 of assessed property value for property buyers who do not pay Nova Scotia income tax.

Immediately implement rent control and consider rent control long term Make 100% of social housing Net Zero Energy Ready (NZER) by 2030 Increase supply and mix of affordable housing Create a long-term affordable housing strategy with climate and equity lens

3 year affordable housing investment plan through the National Housing Strategy: $70 million over three years towards existing/ low-income housing; $12 million for people experiencing/at risk of homelessness; $6.4 million for social housing. Delivering a $25 million ‘quick start’ investment in housing through the Affordable Housing Commission: $20 million New Affordable Housing Supply Fund; $2.5 million Community Housing Growth Fund; $2 million for the renewal and repair of existing public housing; $500,000 to assist municipalities with housing needs assessments Developing a 10 year housing strategy Provide a rebate on HST for new affordable housing units and permit municipalities to

NDP: Good, ambitious targets PC: Conservative position is interesting but we are unsure how many “eligible properties” the NS government owns right now for affordable housing. In general we do not support government selling public lands to developers. Green: The commitment to rent control is positive, but they ideally would be committing long-term. Increased supply is also positive, but they are not specifying numbers. Liberal: There is no commitment to continued rent control although some assistance is being offered through the renoviction-compensations.

1 Note: The full range of affordable housing commitments are not analyzed, as many are outside of our areas of expertise. We have focused on the commitments that most intersect with the environment and development.

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offer tax incentives for affordable house developments Require compensation for tenants facing renoviction: one month’s rent for each year lived there, up to six years

Healthy Ecosystems

What we’re calling for: To ensure a liveable and sustainable future for Mi’kma’ki/Nova Scotia, we need to do more to protect the ecosystems we all rely on. This means increasing protected areas, reforming our forestry practices, and banning harmful industries that threaten our province’s biodiversity like giant open-pit gold mines, open net pen aquaculture and large-scale biomass burning.

Protected Areas

Protecting Nova Scotia’s natural places, which attract visitors from all over the world to our rural communities. The NDP would protect the remaining areas of the Parks and Protected Areas Plan, including Owls Head, and consult with the public and Mi’kmaw communities about new areas. During the CBC Leaders Election Debate on July 28th, NDP leader Gary Burrill committed to 30% land protection by 2030.

20% of total land and water mass will be protected for conservation by 2030, including Indigenous protected and conserved areas. Embed this commitment in new environmental goals legislation. Swiftly designate all remaining sites in the 2013 Parks and Protected Areas Plan

Prioritize protecting natural areas in Nova Scotia through legally protecting at least 17% of the total landmass of Nova Scotia for nature conservation by 2025, and at least 20% by 2030. This Protected Areas network will now include Indigenous Protected and Conserved Areas Immediately cancel the sale of Owl’s Head Provincial Park Enact legislation to strengthen the protection of our land, air and water Enact legislation to strengthen the protection of other species that share the environment with us

Nova Scotia is beautiful. We want to protect our province by preserving our environment and promoting sustainability... And we’re protecting our ecosystems, too – approaching our goal of designating 14 percent of our province as protected areas. A re-elected Liberal government will increase its land protection target to 17%. A re-elected Liberal Government will make our provincial park system a priority, investing $15 million over four years for major upgrades.

NDP: Promise to protect remaining sites in the Parks & Protected Areas Plan, including Owls Head Provincial Park, is positive. Commitment to mirror the federal protection target of 30% by 2030 which is very good Does not specifically address water or wetlands. PC: Commitment to finish protecting sites from Parks and Protected Areas plan (14%) and commitment to protect 20% land and water by 2030. These are very good, ambitious targets, aligned with what EAC is asking for. There is no mention of Owls Heads Provincial Park. Inclusion of water mass is positive. No indication if wetlands are included in this specific commitment or if they are just referring to lakes, rivers, streams, etc. Overall, PC is the only party to address freshwater protection.

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Establish strong links across provincial government departments to ensure that the policy framework and the regulations relevant to natural resource utilization and management plans for protected areas address biodiversity, water, soils and other natural resources in a holistic manner as well as the resource specific considerations Ensure the social and economic needs of rural communities are fairly addressed by equitable sharing of resources, and no area is open to the pressures of accepting an unwanted development because of economic desperation Work cooperatively with Land Trusts, Indigenous communities, African Nova Scotian communities, Acadian communities, Youth, and other groups to secure Nova Scotia’s natural spaces and public access to shorelines for

Green: There is a strong recognition that biodiversity needs to be protected, including through protected areas, and that this must be work that spans government departments. Their protected areas target is in line with what EAC is asking for. Also positive is the recognition that the unequal sharing of economic benefits should no longer pressure rural communities to accept destructive, industrial-scale projects, the strong support for Two-Eye Seeing in natural resource management and Land Back movement (management of Crown land by the Mi'kmaw), and recognition of IPCAs. They would also cancel the sale of Owls Head. Very positive to see a commitment to strengthen freshwater protection, ideally this will include wetland protection but it is not specified. Liberal: There is a commitment to reach 14% land protection this year by protecting all the remaining sites outlined in the 2013 Parks & Protected Areas plan and have further committed to increase the provincial Protected Areas target to 17% protection by 2030. This is good and in line with EAC’s election asks. They have also pledged to increase funding for much needed Provincial Parks services and infrastructure which is much needed. Does not specifically address water and wetland protection or Owl’s Head provincial park delisting.

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present and future generations Protect sensitive coastal ecosystems, and enhance the buffering capacity of our coasts

All: None of the provincial parties mention working with the federal government to achieve marine protection targets in Nova Scotian waters and to ensure there is no oil and gas exploration allowed in these areas.

Forestry Fully implementing the Lahey Report without delay. Implementing a moratorium on clearcutting on Crown lands until the Forest Management Guides are complete and Crown lands are divided in the triad model as outlined in the Lahey Report. Supporting forestry research and development that will improve Nova Scotia’s ability to use local wood products for retrofitting for energy efficiency, building affordable and net-zero homes, and sequestering carbon. Ensuring that any plans for retrofitting buildings and updating building codes would create opportunities for manufacturing more local products from our forestry industry, while meeting our

Fully implement the Lahey Report on Forestry Practices.

Immediately implement the Lahey Report and work with researchers, forestry leaders, community organizers, and residents to build even more sustainable forestry practices Dramatically reduce clearcutting of forests in Nova Scotia and work towards eliminating clearcutting as a forestry practice Require all Crown land in the province allocated for harvest to be Forest Stewardship Council certified Ban the use of glyphosate in agriculture and forestry Ban the use of forest biomass for the purpose of electricity generation both domestically and abroad (i.e. exporting)

Fully implement the Lahey Report on Forestry Practices with new forestry guides for the Ecological Matrix and High Production Forestry legs of the Triad system in full operation by the fall of this year. Financial support to train workers to transition to Ecological Forestry practices.

All: All parties have committed to fully implement the Lahey Report on Forest Practices. This is very positive. Reforming forestry practices and reducing clearcutting is long overdue. None of them mentions removing biomass from the Renewable Electricity Standards. Green: The additional commitments to require Crown land to be FSC certified, ban glyphosate in forestry, and ban biomass for export and for electricity generation are all positive.

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targets for climate change and sustainable forestry practices. Supporting private woodlot owners to explore carbon-capture credits. Increasing funding for silviculture work with an emphasis on restoring biodiversity.

Aquaculture Fully implementing the Doelle-Lahey report and supporting sustainable aquaculture projects such as land-based and shellfish. Advocating for a federal aquaculture act that does not create two sets of rules for our coasts. Ensuring that communities have the ability to say no to open-net pen fish farms.

Support for low-impact, sustainable aquaculture. Suggests implementing the “Red, Yellow, Green” Doelle-Lahey system to establish new fish farm sites and “take decisions out of the Minister’s hands”. Recognizes the federal decision to move fish out of the water in B.C., says such a move may be “inevitable” for NS. Intends to open up discussion with NS stakeholders to decide between (1) a moratorium on new open net-

Consult coastal communities on the overhaul of the regulation of aquaculture in Nova Scotia Address legitimate concerns, guided by the ideal of aquaculture that is low impact and high value, integrating economic prosperity, social well-being and environmental sustainability Ensure that aquaculture practices guard the health of wild salmon, i.e., prevent escapes Implement an immediate moratorium on the expansion

Platform does not address aquaculture. Liberal candidate for Chester-St. Margaret’s acknowledges the platform doesn’t address aquaculture; says, “My own personal position on this particular issue is every effort should be made to try to find ways to make the inshore fishery work. And that means bringing the fish farming ashore. We know that bringing fish farming ashore provides food security. It also provides infrastructure and it provides a safe means to interact with the environment.”2

NDP: The support for regenerative aquaculture, such as shellfish, and support for finfish farms on land is positive and in line with EAC’s position, as is advocating for similar standards for both coasts. NDP recognizes the importance of community led development and social license. The party platform document does not explicitly commit to transitioning away from open net-pens, and the Doelle-Lahey report does not advocate moving all salmon farms out of the water. However, a 2020 NSNDP resolution did commit to such a transition by 2025, while also resolving to reject new open net-pen salmon farming licenses. PC: The support for low-impact, sustainable

2 https://www.halifaxexaminer.ca/province-house/liberal-candidate-jacob-killawee-tried-to-sell-himself-as-a-critic-of-the-aquaculture-industry-but-potential-voters-werent-buying/

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pen aquaculture licenses with support for land-based finfish or (2) “revamping” the current licensing system to better reflect environmental concerns.

of open-pen finfish aquaculture in Nova Scotia waters and immediately phase out open-pen finfish farming with the aim of completely phasing it out by 2025 Develop further self-contained alternatives to the current practices, including improved feed production and related industries Expand more sustainable aquaculture industries, like shellfish farm production

aquaculture is positive. It is unclear what impact a reduction in Ministerial power might have. The party implies interest in adopting some Doelle-Lahey measures to improve environmental controls on fish farms through licensing. They suggest that further stakeholder consultation could lead to (1) a revamping of the current licensing process, or (2) a moratorium on new net-pen licenses. Neither option commits to transition existing net-pens out of the water, although the latter could limit further expansion. Green: Clear commitment to phase out open net pen finfish farming, as well as reduction of other impacts of current system that other parties did not mention. Additionally, they commit to support for regenerative aquaculture and note the importance of wild salmon. Liberal: Platform does not address aquaculture. The party has not made any commitments to prevent the further expansion of open net-pens, nor to transition open net-pen operations out of the water. During the Liberal leadership race in February of 2021, Iain Rankin said the following when asked by EAC if his government would commit

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to transitioning open net-pens out of the water: "Any resource developments in communities will require consultation and approval based on science from the department of the environment and other regulatory departments.”

Fisheries Protecting the fisheries by continuing to support the owner-operator model in the inshore fishery. Working with the fisheries sector to identify provincial goals and create a plan to implement the “Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication.” Including Nova Scotia fisheries products as part of school food menus. Continuing to diversify Nova Scotia’s markets for fish. Consulting with fishing and angling groups to explore opportunities for expanding recreational fishing in the province.

NDP: Owner-operator model, small-scale fisheries, and value adding/market diversification are good targets to have. Additionally, small-scale guidelines are very important and long overdue The focus on value add options through product diversification and options for recreational fishing is positive PC: Do not address Green: Do not address Liberal: Do not address

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Environmental Assessment

Overhauling the environmental assessments system.

The province will update its environmental impact assessment process to consider the cumulative impacts of any development that would potentially affect wetlands, rivers, lakes or other aquatic environments. This initiative can be undertaken by an amendment to the Environmental Assessment Regulations.

Update the environmental impact assessment process to consider the cumulative impacts of any development that would potentially affect wetlands, rivers, lakes, or other aquatic environments

NDP, PC, Green: Commitment to updating/overhauling the environmental assessment process is positive; however, we would like more details in order to see what that entails for each party. PC and Green: Specific mention of wetlands and freshwater is positive. Specific mention of cumulative impacts being considered is positive Liberal: Do not address

No one left behind

What we’re calling for: We must ensure that all our communities are given the support they need to thrive, and that we all benefit from the transition to a green economy. This means creating thousands of good, green jobs and a just transition for workers, updating environmental decision-making processes to include a race-equity lens and ensuring all provincial laws are consistent with the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP).

Green Jobs Immediately establishing a Green Jobs Task Force to guide the transformation of Nova Scotia’s economy into a sustainable one while creating thousands of green jobs. This task force will include representatives from (see website for lengthy list)

The province will actively encourage green businesses to relocate to the province and will provide funding credits for green businesses start ups. Work with small businesses across the province and in all sectors to get their feedback on all potential ways to further support them in taking actions to reduce emissions,

Create at least 15,000 new Green Jobs annually every year between now and 2030

Our government will add an additional $1 million over four years in Clean Foundation Nova Scotia’s Clean Energy Training Program for students who identify as African Nova Scotian, Black, Indigenous, and/or Mi’kmaq to enter the green economy as energy advisors and clean energy trade workers. In addition, a re-elected Liberal government will commit an

NDP & PC: Both have interesting ideas, but hard to assess without more details. Green: This is an ambitious target that can be achieved through the other targets noted in other sections of the Green Party Platform. Liberal: The emphasis on bringing youth into the green economy is positive however the plan does not include details on green jobs for existing workers. They do focus on bringing in many

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including through rebates, targeted investments and other supports.

additional $2 million over 4 years to the Clean Leadership Summer Internship Program, to meet the growing demand for youth learning and training for the green economy. Building back in the post-pandemic economy provides the unique opportunity to simultaneously address the climate crisis. NSCC can support industry partners with analysis tools and advice on process optimization, overall consumption analysis, energy cost minimization, and green supply chain management. A Liberal Government will leverage this opportunity by providing $100,000 annually for three years to help NSCC provide business with key training in green technology and digital solutions, while providing employees with pathways to enrollment in professional studies.

changes to the NSCC to make training for green jobs more accessible. Additionally there is a Life-Long Learning plan which would encourage Nova Scotians to take short courses to up their skills each year as the economy transitions.

Environmental Racism

Systematically addressing instances of environmental racism across the province.

Update existing environmental decision-making process to include diversity, inclusion and equity.

Work with the other parties to pass the Environmental Racism bill and work with municipalities and African

We introduced the ground breaking Community Solar program to give communities more control over their

NDP, PC: Positive, though vague

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Nova Scotian & Mi’kmaq communities to eliminate environmental racism across the province Immediately establish an Environmental Equity working group to address inequities in environmental stewardship and climate mitigation and adaptation Work with Mi’kmaq leaders to create a Land Back program that will return the management and stewardship of all crown lands to Mi’kmaq communities and create a process for residents of the province to return the stewardship of their land back to Mi’kmaq communities Integrate a Climate Justice lens for all government policy and departments Create a Climate Justice working group that brings an anti-racist and anti-oppressive lens to all policies and programs

renewable energy future and to allow people unable to install solar panels on their homes the ability to participate in solar energy projects. An investment of $8 million over four years will allow us to deliver targeted solar community benefiting projects to areas that have experienced environmental racism, have high rates of energy poverty, or that have been historically marginalised.

Green: The most thorough and specific platform commitments to end environmental racism. Liberal: Community Solar program investment is positive. We would like to see a more systemic approach. For example, will the newly formed Office of Equity and Anti-Racism be looking issues of environmental racism?

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Work with the federal government to fully implement the recommendations of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, the Missing and Murdered Women, Girls, and Two-Spirit Peoples report, and the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples Immediately acknowledge the right of Mi’kmaq people to have decision-making authority over the use of land and resources covered by the Peace & Friendship treaties, including Nova Scotia, thereby setting up a system of co-management of all Crown and other public lands where no decision on the use or disposition of public land is made without the prior informed consent of Mi’kmaq people By 2023, ensure that the laws of Nova Scotia are consistent with the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and implemented accordingly

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Support government data aggregation and initiatives like the ENRICH Project which assess equity disparities for Nova Scotians (ex. environmental racism statistics)

Other Introducing an Environmental Bill of Rights which would give communities more control over projects that are proposed in their communities.

Toughest penalties in Canada for individual and corporate littering Nova Scotia has one of the strongest recycling programs in North America. With the heavy focus on the importance of our environment, there is an opportunity to leverage that mindset to attract visitors, migrants and companies to Nova Scotia, to say they live in or operate business in the most recycle-friendly jurisdiction in North America. The province will actively pursue federal funding programs that enhance environmental and economic sustainability and commit to working in

Enact an environmental bill of rights enshrining the principle of a basic human right to a healthy environment Support the creation of financially accessible and culturally appropriate mental health resources and services for young Nova Scotians experiencing the mental ill-effects of the climate and ecological emergency Enact legislation to protect our oceans, lakes, rivers and streams from pollution, inappropriate development and climate change hazards Exclude water from all trade agreements Ban bulk water export from Nova Scotia

A re-elected Liberal government will make life more affordable for Nova Scotians and fight climate change by expanding common-sense, low-burden Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) programs. Large companies will be the main focus of the program, with exemptions in place for small businesses that generate less than $2 million of revenue, have a single storefront, or generate less than 1 tonne of packaging. The expanded program will build on Nova Scotia’s existing EPRs for electronics, used oil, filters, glycol, containers and paint and bring us into alignment with the majority of Canadian provinces.

NDP: Environmental Bill of Rights is very positive. EAC has been a member of the coalition calling for this in the past and would welcome this bill. PC: While littering is a problem, more important is reducing waste at the source and extended producer responsibility, neither of which are mentioned. The Funding Navigator service, as described, is covered by federal staff and risks redundancy. However, there is a role for additional supports around funding coordination for, for example, smaller municipalities assessing federal programs for climate adaptation and building retrofits. Green: Environmental Bill of Rights is very positive. EAC has been a member of the coalition calling for this in the past and would welcome this bill. Green party is only party with comprehensive

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partnership with municipalities, First Nations, businesses, community groups and non profit organizations to continue to position Nova Scotia as a world leader in sustainable development. Your PC government will employ a funding navigator within the Department of Environment to help support businesses and individuals seeking to apply for federal funding programs. (then goes on to give examples of Habitat Stewardship Program, Atlantic Ecosystems Initiatives, and Environmental Damages Fund)

Promote water conservation and water-efficient technologies Expand the availability of public water fountains to discourage the need and use of bottled water Ensure that shoreline communities and industries stop dumping untreated waste or insufficiently treated waste into rivers, lakes, and the ocean Ensure that all people living in Nova Scotia have access to safe and clean drinking water Create and implement a strategy for clean air that incorporates intergovernmental cooperation to meet the goals for air quality set out in the Environmental Goals and Sustainable Prosperity Act Respect the role of vegetation, landforms, and aquatic systems in our air quality and reflect their value within cost-benefit

platform addressing clean water and air, and extended producer responsibility. Liberal: The commitment to EPR is positive, though details are needed. All Parties: No one has mentioned environmental and climate accountability mechanisms or green strings for industry seeking funding. These are significant omissions.

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assessments and relevant legislation and regulation Build on the leading role of the waste reduction and management system and seek to reduce the need for new landfills Reduce solid waste disposal rate by 50% below 2020 levels by 2030 and achieve zero plastic waste by 2030 Work with the Divert Nova Scotia and federal and municipal governments to enhance manufacturers’ responsibility for the lifetime stewardship of their product Ban all single-use plastics in Nova Scotia businesses and institutions

Projected Cost

Not yet costed. Information from EAC Environmental Debate (CBC article for reference) The New Democrats have not fully costed their platform, but Colbourne said at least $100

7.4 million Breakdown of costs - $5 million grant to encourage the development of eco-friendly buildings. In order to qualify

Conduct a thorough review of the government budget, and look for inefficiencies with a target goal of finding 5% of the total budget that can be moved to Green initiatives

The newly-costed Liberal platform details $173 million worth of environment spending over four years, but it also estimates $200 million in revenue from cap-and-trade auctions, negating the costs. 4

NDP: Not yet officially costed. We would like to see more details. PC: Inadequate. $7.4 million represents 1.3% of the $553 million in PC platform commitments. Details follow

4 https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/nova-scotia/environment-issues-take-the-spotlight-in-n-s-election-debate-1.6130134

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million would go into capital projects over the next four years including energy efficiency retrofits and active transportation networks.3

for the grant, the applicant must meet certain funding criteria to be developed to ensure projects are value-adds for a broad spectrum of their community. For example, an affordable housing development may receive priority Funding. -we will invest $100,000 into active transportation in each of our 18 counties for a total of $1,800,000. -dedicate a funding navigator for green projects within the Department of Environment. We will invest $65,000 annually in this role for salary and associated expenses. (1) Renewed Leadership EV Charging Stations $262,500 Eco-Friendly Building Grant $5,000,000 Active Transportation Fund $1,800,000 Funding Navigator $65,000

Eco Friendly Building Grant: $5 Million dollars to provide grants for the development of eco-friendly buildings is not enough. According to the EAC electricity report published in 2019, an annual investment of $265 million would be required to ensure that all commercial and institutional buildings would have a deep energy retrofit completed by 2030. A Deep Energy retrofit that the EAC completed on its own 3 floor office building in 2016 required over $650,000 in direct construction costs (not including volunteer hours, and other project management costs). AT funding: $100,000 would build approximately 6km of painted bike lanes; or 0.7km of protected bike lane; or 0.5km of paved multi-use trail; or <1 active transportation overpass EV charging stations: L2 charging stations are for personal use (take a few hours to charge) and cost between $700-1200 plus installation (estimated at $300) L3 charging stations are for public use (charge a vehicle in ~20 minutes) and cost between $50,000-$100,000 This funding, at 50% cost share, supports either 350-524 L2 chargers or 4-10 L3 chargers. If we wanted even 10% EVs on the road by 2025, we would need 6000 new EVs per year.

3 https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/nova-scotia/environment-issues-take-the-spotlight-in-n-s-election-debate-1.6130134

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Total Renewed Leadership Costs $7,127,500 (2) Department of Environment Expert Panels $200,000 Discretionary Funding for Assessments $50,000 Total Department Costs $250,000 Total Costs: $7,377,500

Green: Expenses in 2021 NS budget were 12.4 billion. Five percent equals $620 million. Liberal: Funding commitments are detailed in appropriate sections above.

News articles covering additional information on positions:

Aquaculture

Halifax Examiner article re: Healthy Bays Network event (July 21) on open net-pen aquaculture in Blandford (highlights below): https://www.halifaxexaminer.ca/province-house/liberal-candidate-jacob-killawee-tried-to-sell-himself-as-a-critic-of-the-aquaculture-industry-but-potential-voters-werent-buying/

• PC candidate for Chester-St. Margaret’s call for full implementation of Doelle-Lahey Aquaculture report, opposes open net-farm fish farming: “Open-pen farming is not compatible with the existing uses of our bays and harbours... ”

• Liberal candidate for Chester-St. Margaret’s acknowledges the platform doesn’t address aquaculture; says, “My own personal position on this particular issue is every effort should be made to try to find ways to make the inshore fishery work. And that means bringing the fish farming ashore. We know that bringing fish farming ashore provides food security. It also provides infrastructure and it provides a safe means to interact with the environment.”

• NDP candidate for Chester-St. Margaret’s opposes open net-pens: “The industry has some serious problems. They have no social licence, no permission from us, the people of Nova Scotia, to put their pens in our waters… It’s our environment that suffers. It’s our quality of life that is affected...”

• Green candidate for Chester-St. Margaret’s opposes open net-pen aquaculture: “... it is clear today that... the salmon farming industry cannot be fixed through regulation.”

Highway Twinning

• Liberal commitment to twinning the 104 from Antigonish to Port Hawkesbury, and the 103 from Hubbards to Bridgewater

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https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/nova-scotia/nova-scotia-election-long-term-care-small-business-highway-twinning-1.6111117

Northern Pulp

• Liberals, NDP, and PC all oppose government funding for Northern Pulp

https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/nova-scotia/election-northern-pulp-liberals-pc-ndp-rankin-houston-burrill-1.6116051

Coverage of EAC Environmental Debate (Various topics)

• https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/nova-scotia/environment-issues-take-the-spotlight-in-n-s-election-debate-1.6130134