parts of speech: structure classes. a structure class has three characteristics: 1-members of a...
TRANSCRIPT
Parts of Speech:
Structure Classes
A structure class has three characteristics:
1-Members of a given structure class are recognized mainly by position, as thy have no characteristics of from in do not change form.
2-A structure class is small.
3-A structure class has a stable membership and is a closed class.
A. Qualifiers
The qualifier occurs in the position just before an adjectival or an ad-verbial as shown:
The dinner was______ good.
She performed_______ skillfully.
The function of a qualifier is to modify; and the word following the qualifier is called the head.
EExercixercise 13se 13-1-1
Aj
Aj
Av
Aj
aj
B. PrepositionsPrepositions are words like of, in, and to witch are usually followed by a noun, noun phrase, personal pronoun, or noun- substitute called the object.
e.g.Examples: George sat between the two deans.English has a small group of prepositions:
1-These one-syllable preposi-tions.Examples: He came with the girl.
EExercixercise 13se 13-4-4
no
obj
obj
obj
obj
objobjobj
objobj
B. Prepositions
2-Two-syllable ones, such as about, before.
Some of these words we have been dealing with can be either preposi-tions or adverbials. Compare:
Preposition: She looked up the stairs.
Adverbial: She looked up.
EExercixercise 13se 13-6-6
B. Prepositions3-group of –ing prepositions
assuming, beginning.EExercixercise 13se 13-7-7
B. Prepositions4-compound prepositions.
e.g.Together with on account of
EExercixercise 13se 13-8-8
C. DeterminersA determiner is a word that patterns with a noun It precedes the noun and serves as a signal that a noun soon to follow.
If the non is proceeded by adjectives and nouns, the determiner precedes these modifiers.Examples: The new gymnasium.
Six of determiners --- his, John's, this, that, these, those--- may also be used in place of a noun as noun substitutes.Examples: That will be enough.
I prefer Elizabeth's.
EExercixercise 13se 13-9-9
DNsDDNsDDDDDNsDDDd
DD..AuxiliariesAuxiliaries
Auxiliaries are closely associated with the verb and are of 3 kinds .
The first kind is called modal auxiliaries such as :can, could, may , might, shall,
should ,will ,would ,must ,ought
The modal auxiliaries are bound together as a group by 2 characteristics of form :
(1)The present tense form does not take an–s in the third person singular.
(2)They do not have participle forms , present or past.
The second kind of auxiliary is the two primary
auxiliaries ,have and be .
The third kind of auxiliary is the periphrastic auxiliary
Do .
Exercise:13-11
1.21.2
2.22.2
3.33.3
4.04.0
5.25.2
Exercise:13-12
11..PAPA
22..MAMA
33..PP44..MAMA
55..PAPA