parts of speech how to build a beautiful sentence noun verb adverb article preposition adjective...
TRANSCRIPT
PARTS OF SPEECH How To Build A Beautiful Sentence
noun
verb
adverb
article
prepositionadjectiv
econjunction
prono
un
by Laura Jensen
Get to know each one: What is it like?
What is it best at?
What can’t it do?
Each part of speech is unique!
Click icon to add picture
noun
preposition
verb
conjunction
adjectiveadverb
pronoun
article
Someone is always doing
something!Superman, a beautiful woman, the bad guys
flying, saving, lifting, shooting, fainting, escaping
Nouns
Verbs
Minimum Requirements for a Sentence?
1 Noun
+ 1 Verb =
1 Clause
And every sentence has at least one
clause.
Time flies. My teacher adores grammar.
These students are very intelligent.
The baby is sleeping.
Some Examples:
Go Drive Make Cook Work Study
Be Know Like Seem Cost Need
Action verbsNon-action verbs (also called non-progressive or stative verbs)
Remember: Non-action verbs cannot be used in continuous tenses!
Learn when to use each form!
Verbs have five forms
Click icon to add picture Base Form They like to go out to dinner.
-s Form He likes to go out to dinner.
Past We cooked dinner at home last night.
Past Participle We have already eaten lunch.
Present Participle
My family is eating dinner right now.
Tense: past, present, futureAgreement: Remember to use that –s form!Auxiliaries are helping verbs: do, be, have, and modalsLinking verbs: the “equal sign” verbsTransitive or Intransitive: Does the verb take an object?Voice: active or passive (Is the subject doing the action?)
Other useful things to know about verbs:
revi
e
w
new
Find the verbs in these sentences:
•How much can you tell me about each of
these verbs?
•Tense?
•Five forms?
•Agreement?
•Helping verbs?
•Linking?
•Transitive?
Laura is a teacher. Laura is teaching ESL 042 now. Laura loves teaching! Laura is picky. Laura teaches enthusiastically. Laura has taught at NSC since 1991. Does Laura teach other ESL classes? ESL 042 is taught by other teachers,
too. My students can visit me in my
office.
•Proper or Common: Is it a name? Count or Non-count: Can I make it plural?Nouns Do Jobs: They can be subjects, objects, etc.
Other things to know about nouns
Nouns: Proper or Common?
a university
a community college
a city
my professor
his native country
the zoo
a history class
our family doctor
The University of Washington
North Seattle College Seattle Professor Collins Ethiopia Woodland Park Zoo Modern European
History 101 Doctor Zhivago
Common Nouns Proper Nouns:
Capitalize them!
Nouns: Count or Non-count?
an apple three rings many chairs my glasses these cars
[a piece of] fruit some jewelry a lot of furniture my coffee this traffic
Count Non-count:
Note: many + plural count noun much + non-count noun (neg.) few + plural count noun less + non-count noun
Don’t add -s
some, enough, a lot of
Never make them plural!
Three Common Non-Count Nouns
Click icon to add picture
InformationHomework
Advice-s
I’ve gotten rather tired of correcting these three
nouns…yawn…
Noun Jobs
• Laura teaches this class.Subject
•Laura teaches this class.Direct Object
•Laura teaches English to her students.
Object of a Preposition
• Laura is a teacher. [Laura = teacher]
Subject Complement
Noun Jobs: Laura teaches ESL to her amazing students.
Subject Who teaches? Laura!
Direct Object Teaches what? ESL!
Object of the Preposition
To what or whom?
[Her amazing]
students!
Noun Jobs: The dog is chasing a child around the garden.
Subject What is chasing? [The] dog!
Direct Object Chasing what? [A] child!
Object of the Preposition
Around what? [The] garden!
Complement—something that completes. Subject complements follow linking verbs. A subject complement completes the idea of the subject: the subject and its complement refer to one person or thing.
What about subject complements?
Laura is a teacher. Laura = teacherThose women are my classmates. women = classmatesThe man in the grey suit is his doctor. man = doctor
subject
subject
complement
Links
•Noun is the name of one part of speech•Subject, Object, & Subject Complement are the names of jobs that nouns can do in a sentence.
Nouns do Noun Jobs
Noun Jobs are different from
Parts of Speech!
Part II: Now shake hands with six more!
articles adjectives adverbs
prepositions pronouns conjunctions
These parts of speech modify: they give more information about other words.
These parts of speech relate or connect things to other things:
Prepositions
Prepositions show a
relationship between a noun and
another part of the
sentence.
Sometimes, the
relationship is spatial.
To Learn More about Prepositions:
http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/prepositions.htm
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/594/01/
Crazy Giant List of Prepositions:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_English_prepositions
Pronouns replace other nouns
A pronoun is a word that is used to represent a noun.
Pronoun means for-a-noun.
Pronouns must agree in number and gender with the nouns they stand for.
The noun that a pronoun replaces is called its antecedent.
Like nouns, pronouns do noun jobs in a sentence: they act as subjects, objects, etc.
Pronouns come in lots of yummy flavors:
Personal
Pronouns
Indefinite
Pronouns
Possessive PronounsDemonstrative Pronouns
Reflexive
PronounsRelative
Pronouns
Interrogative Pronouns
Personal Pronouns
I You He, she, it We You They
Me You Him, her, it Us You Them
Subject Pronouns Object Pronouns
Like all nouns, pronouns do jobs in a sentence.
Pronoun or Adjective?
If it replaces a noun and does a noun job, I call it
a pronoun.
If it modifies a noun, then I call it
an adjective.
The comic to the left is full of possessive
pronouns and possessive adjectives.
Which is which?
give us information about nouns & pronouns:
The weather is beautiful today.
This is an interesting class.
I have a sweet little cat.
Adjectives…
Annie
meow
Fun Facts about Adjectives:
Adjectives have three degrees of comparison: the positive—big the comparative—bigger the superlative—the biggest
Participles can be used as adjectives: This is an interesting class, so the students are
never bored!
Nouns can also function as adjectives: The fire alarm rang loudly. He wrote a newspaper article about his adventure.
Use enough to make your writing interesting—exciting, never bland. Don’t use so many spicy adjectives that you can’t taste the nouns
and verbs.
Adjectives add spice to your writing.
Use adjectives to describe Laura’s garden:
Colorful
Crowded
Wild
Exotic
Abundant
Fragrant
Overgrown
Exuberant
Learn More about Adjectives
http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/adjectives.htm
Note: This site considers articles to be a kind of adjective,
but I group articles in a separate part of speech.
Articles
This is the easiest part of
speech to learn!
A An The
Like adjectives, articles accompany nouns.
Articles are a piece of
cake!
Use An Before a Vowel Sound
You should bring an
umbrella.
He will study at a
university.
She wants to find a
husband.
She hopes to marry an
honest man.
He is an NSC student.
Adverbs
Oh no! Not
adverbs!I’m afraid it’s true:
Adverbs are more complicated
than adjectives or articles…
…but that’s only because adverbs are so incredibly versatile!
Adverbs can
modify:
verbs
adjectives
adverbs
and even whole
sentences!
verbs
adjectives
adverbs
sentences
Because I was so hungry, I ate too quickly.
Adverbs can do lots of cool stuff.
The adverb so modifies the adjective hungry. The adverb too modifies the adverb quickly. The adverb quickly modifies the verb ate.
Conjunctions
Con- = with, together junct = act of joining}conjunctions let us combine words,
phrases, and clauses
1. Laura enjoys teaching, gardening, and cooking. (3 words)
2. She has lived in Washington State since 1990 and has taught at NSC since 1991. (2 phrases) 3. Laura likes to visit California, but she prefers to live in Washington. (2 clauses)
Bonus Question: What is a parallel structure?
Use conjunctions to combine two clauses into one sentence.
Coordinating—Two equal clauses
Subordinating—Two unequal clauses
Two Independent Clauses One Clause is Dependent
after althoughasbecausebeforeifsince thoughunlessuntilwhenwhile
After you learn the parts of speech, you will understand English better.
You will understand English better after you learn the parts of speech.
If you yawn in my class, I will have a heart attack.
You should understand nouns and verbs before you try to learn the other parts of speech.
You won’t move up to ESL 051 unless your grade in ESL 042 is at least 75%.
Subordinating Conjunctions
Analyze this sentence:
Maria has studied very hard lately because she wants an excellent grade in her English class.
Independent Clause & Dependent Clause
S S
Maria has studied very hard lately because she
noun verb verb adverb adv adv conjunction pron
DO Obj/prep
wants an excellent grade in her English class.
verb article adj noun prep adj adj noun