PARTS and MAJOR COMPONENTS OF MOTHERBOARD

OVERVIEW

MOTHERBOARD DIAGRAM

SHORT ADVANCEMENT OF MOTHERBOARD

Detailed look at the various components on two motherboards

A Baby AT design, sporting the Socket 7 processor connector, circa 1995

An ATX design, with a Pentium II vSlot 1 type processor connector, typical of motherboards on the market in late 1998.

• Motherboard development consists largely of isolating performance-critical components from slower ones.

• As higher speed devices become available, they are linked by faster buses – and the lower-speed buses are relegated to supporting roles

• There are cost benefits to putting peripherals designed as integrated chips directly onto the motherboard

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• PC buyer opts for low cost integration or high powered flexibility, this is the reason that PC motherboards are so widely varied and yet so integrally compatible with all PC software

One of the latest motherboard

QUESTION

• Who built the first motherboard?

ANSWER

The first motherboard was built for the Apple II

by Wozniak.

COMPUTER COMPONENTS WITHIN A COMPUTER

PARTS OF

MOTHERBOARD

BACK PANEL PARTS

CABLES

REVIEW

– What are the components of motherboard again?

CPU

The processor chip is identified by the processor type and the manufacturer; and this information is usually inscribed on the processor chip e.g. Intel 386, Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) 386, Cyrix 486, Pentium MMX, (old processor types) Intel Core 2Duo e.t.c.

Main Memory / Random Access Memory (RAM)

What is RAM?

BIOS- Basic Input Output System

BIOS is a term that stands for basic input/output system

Consists of low-level software that controls the system hardware and acts as an interface between the operating system and the hardware.

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• Most people know the term BIOS by another name—device drivers, or just drivers. In other words, the BIOS is drivers, meaning all of them. BIOS is essentially the link between hardware and software in a system.

BIOS CHIP

On PCs, the BIOS contains all the code required to control the keyboard, display screen, disk drives, serial communications, and a number of miscellaneous functions. * BIOS is a ROM chip used by the mobo in the boot process

BOOT ORDER BIOS SETUP

BIOS (BASI INPUT/OUT SYSTEM) SETTINGS

POST

CMOS (Complimentary Metal Oxide Semiconductor )

CMOS

• IT is a small separate block of memory made from CMOS RAM chips which is kept alive by a battery (known as a CMOS battery) even when the PC’s power is off.

• This prevents reconfiguration when the PC is powered on.

• CMOS devices require very little power to operate.

The CMOS RAM is used to store basic

Information about the PC’s configuration e.g.

• Floppy disk and hard disk drive types

• CPU

• RAM size

• Date and time

• Serial and parallel port information

• Plug and Play information

• Power Saving settings

Cache Memory

It is a small block of high-speed memory (RAM) that enhances PC performance by pre-loading information from the (relatively slow) main memory and passing it to the processor on demand.

Expansion Buses

Expansion boards (cards) plug into the bus. PCI is the common expansion bus in a PC and other hardware platforms. It enhance the PCs capabilities by allowing users to add missing features in their computers in form of adapter cards that are slotted in expansion slots.

Cpu Clock

Using a quartz crystal, the CPU clock breathes life into the microprocessor by feeding it a constant flow of pulses

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For example, a 200 MHz CPU receives 200 million

pulses per second from the clock. A 2 GHz CPU gets

two billion pulses per second.

Similarly, in a communications device, a clock may

be used to synchronize the data pulses between

sender and receiver.

Chipset

• TWO MAIN CHIPSET

– The NorthBridge (also called the memory controller)

– The SouthBridge (also called the input/output controller or expansion controller)

• SWITCHES AND JUMPERS – DIP switches

• JUMPER PINS – called bridge or a jumper cap

• JUMPER CAPS

QUESTION

• What is the importance of BIOS?

• What is the importance of setting up the boot order in BIOS?

• Do we need to update the BIOS of our PC? WHY?

• How to determine if BIOS update is needed?

• How to go to BIOS/CMOS utility?

• What is the difference between SATA, IDE and USB?

• What will going to happen if you remove the CMOS battery? What will be the effect of it in your settings?